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1
Vesterman, William. Juxtapositions: Connections and contrasts. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1996.
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2
Spencer, Richard A. Contrast as narrative technique in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.
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3
Trosborg, Anna. Rhetorical strategies in legal language: Discourse analysis of statutes and contracts. Tübingen: Narr, 1997.
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4
Brainard, Sherri. Theme, result, and contrast: A study in expository discourse in Upper Tanudan Kalinga. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1998.
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5
Persuasive business proposals: Writing to win more customers, clients, and contracts. 2. Aufl. New York: AMACOM, 2004.
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6
Persuasive business proposals: Writing to win more customers, clients, and contracts. 3. Aufl. New York: AMACOM Books, 2012.
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7
Teaching students to write comparison/contrast essays. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2012.
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8
Persuasive business proposals: Writing to win customers, clients, and contracts. New York: AMACOM, 1992.
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9
Sulla struttura del Seafarer: La tipologia del contrasto come strategia compositiva. Pavia: G. Iuculano, 1990.
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10
Chaucer's drama of style: Poetic variety and contrast in the Canterbury tales. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
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11
Benson, C. David. Chaucer's drama of style: Poetic variety and contrast in the Canterbury tales. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
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12
Get Your Book Published!: From Contracts to Covers, Editing to eBooks, Marketing and Sales, What Every Writer and Author Should Know. New York: HigherLife Pub., 2013.
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13
Paul, Heike, Alexandra Ganser und Katharina Gerund, Hrsg. Pirates, Drifters, Fugitives. Heidelberg, Germany: Universitätsverlag WINTER, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/2012-82538586.
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Figures of mobility appear prominently in US-foundational narratives of ‘discovery,’ the ‘Puritan errand,’ and westward expansion; the protagonists of these hegemonic tales of settlement and nation-building are (mostly) European travellers, pioneers, and colonists. By contrast, figures such as pirates, drifters, and fugitives are for the most part absent from canonical narratives of new world beginnings and may be considered as expressing/representing alternative mobilities. Their stories and their representations raise questions of legitimacy and legality – often from a transnational perspective – and imply a critique of the American empire and its concomitant domestic discourses of marginalization. Yet, pirates, drifters, and fugitives also appear as ambiguous figures with regard to US-exceptionalist rhetoric: they may tap their subversive potential, while they are also bound to and complicit with the ideologies they seek to expose. In the context of the so-called New American Studies and the emergent field of Mobility Studies, this volume investigates these figures in a variety of cultural productions (pamphlets, song lyrics, autobiographies, novels, memorials, legal texts, video, television, and film) from the 17th century to the present.
14
Weisbrod, Carol. Butterfly, the bride: Essays on law, narrative, and the family. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
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15
Vesterman, William. Juxtapositions: Connections and Contrasts. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 1995.
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16
Copeland, Rita. Emotion and the History of Rhetoric in the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845122.001.0001.
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Rhetoric is an engine of social discourse and the art charged with generating and swaying emotion. The history of rhetoric provides a continuous structure by which we can measure how emotions were understood, articulated, and mobilized under various historical circumstances and social contracts. This book is about how rhetoric in the West from Late Antiquity to the later Middle Ages represented the role of emotion in shaping persuasions. It is the first book-length study of medieval rhetoric and the emotions, coloring in what has largely been a blank space between about 600 CE and the cusp of early modernity. Rhetoric in the Middle Ages, as in other periods, constituted the gateway training for anyone engaged in emotionally persuasive writing. Medieval rhetorical thought on emotion has multiple strands of influence and sedimentations of practice. The earliest and most persistent tradition treated emotional persuasion as a property of surface stylistic effect, which can be seen in the medieval rhetorics of poetry and prose, and in literary production. But the impact of Aristotelian rhetoric, which reached the Latin West in the thirteenth century, gave emotional persuasion a core role in reasoning, incorporating it into the key device of proof, the enthymeme. In Aristotle, medieval teachers and writers found a new rhetorical language to explain the social and psychological factors that affect an audience. With Aristotelian rhetoric, the emotions became political. The impact of Aristotle’s rhetorical approach to emotions was to be felt in medieval political treatises, in poetry, and in preaching.
17
Stoner, Andrew E. Fear, Hate, and Victimhood. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496838452.001.0001.
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It didn’t take long for comparisons between Donald J. Trump and George C. Wallace to emerge. Entering Presidential politics in 2016 with language that startled many – referring to the nation as a “dumping ground” and labeling Mexican immigrants to the U.S. (presumably documented and undocumented) as “murderers and rapists” – Trump revived the Wallace politics of resentment. Rhetoric based in insult, resentment, xenophobia, and even anger was the guidebook for Trump’s candidacy, and none of it seemed to slow down his quest for the White House. His voters excused such excesses as just part of the show, part of Trump “telling it like it is,” just as they had four decades earlier for Wallace. The contrasts and comparisons between Trump and Wallace are valid, and at the center of this examination. But beyond a reciting, however, of the instances where their speech and approaches broke new ground for political venom and contempt, a rhetorical analysis of the two men and their campaigns provides valuable insights. Such an analysis helps in understanding American politics in Wallace and Trump eras separated by almost half a century, but ones sharing the tumult and discomfort of profound change facing the nation. Considered through a frame of rhetorical analysis, especially one embracing ideas forwarded about “demagogic rhetoric,” we gain a greater perspective on these two men, and what their campaigns mean about them, but also what they mean and represent about ourselves. Through the lens of ideas posited by rhetorical scholars, along with a deep look at primary and secondary sources from the Wallace years, we can begin to understand how we have arrived in the Trump era that seems so antithetical to what has come before.
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Dialectic, Rhetoric and Contrast: The Infinite Middle of Meaning. Vernon Art and Science Inc., 2021.
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Boulton, Richard. Dialectic, Rhetoric and Contrast: The Infinite Middle of Meaning. Vernon Art and Science Inc., 2022.
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20
Dourish, Paul. Protocols, Packets, and Proximity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0008.
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This chapter analyzes the materialities of Internet protocols, focusing on the relationship between content and conduit, which involves both the compression and modulation of signals. Network protocols are shaped by material constraints. Similarly, the centrality of routing to the Internet can be understood materially in terms of the arrangement of network nodes, the cost of routing, the structure of networks, the size of routing tables, and the dynamics of connectivity. Critically, this materiality cuts across apparently different domains of concern—from the practice of network operations to the rhetoric of democratic access. The chapter then contrasts two different protocols, the Routing Information Protocol and the Exterior Gateway Protocol, which emerged in different historical moments and cultural conditions. Examining the social construction of these network protocols can help differentiate the actual Internet from a possible or imagined Internet.
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Omissi, Adrastos. Tyranny and Blood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824824.003.0006.
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This chapter examines three moments of political crisis during the period 337‒54. First, the chapter defends the notion that the so-called ‘great massacre’ of 337was orchestrated by, or with the connivance of, Constantius. It then considers the wars between the sons of Constantine in the 330s and 340s. It contrasts the bitter antipathy between Constantius and Constans with the rhetoric of fraternal harmony in Libanius’ Oratio LIX. Finally, the chapter examines the death of Constans, the usurpations of Magnentius and Vetranio, and Constantius’ war in the West from 350‒3. The chapter explores how Julian’s Orationes I and II and Themistius’ Orationes II, III, and IV produced a coherent caricature of Magnentius, and also how they can be used to demonstrate that Vetranio’s usurpation in Illyricum was in defence of Constantius, and that Vetranio willingly laid down power in 350. The chapter also contains some remarks on the usurpation of Silvanus.
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Meister, Felix J. Greek Praise Poetry and the Rhetoric of Divinity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847687.001.0001.
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This monograph focuses on passages of archaic and classical Greek poetry where certain human individuals in certain moments are presented as approximating to the gods. The approximation pursued is different from any form of immortality, be it apotheosis, hero cult, or fame preserved in song. Instead, this monograph is concerned with the momentary attainment of central aspects characteristic of divine life, such as supreme happiness, unsurpassed beauty, or boundless power. The three main chapters of this monograph (Chapters 2, 3, and 4) illustrate the approximation of human figures to these aspects in wedding songs, victory odes, and drama respectively. This monograph also explores the relationship between such approximations and ritual. In some genres, the surrounding ritual context itself seems to engender a vision of someone as more than human, and this vision is reflected also in other media. In contrast, where such visions are not rooted in ritual, they tend to be more problematic and associated with hubris and transgression. What emerges from this study is the impression of a culture where the boundaries between man and god are more flexible than is commonly thought.
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Hutson, Lorna, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of English Law and Literature, 1500-1700. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.001.0001.
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This Handbook triangulates the disciplines of history, legal history, and literature to produce a new, interdisciplinary framework for the study of early modern England. For historians of early modern England, turning to legal archives and learning more about legal procedure has seemed increasingly relevant to the project of understanding familial and social relations as well as political institutions, state formation, and economic change. Literary scholars and intellectual historians have also shown how classical forensic rhetoric formed the basis both of the humanist teaching of literary composition (poetry and drama) and of new legal epistemologies of fact-finding and evidence evaluation. In addition, the post-Reformation jurisdictional dominance of the common law produced new ways of drawing the boundaries between private conscience and public accountability. This Handbook brings historians, literary scholars, and legal historians together to build on and challenge these and similar lines of inquiry. Chapters in the Handbook consider the following topics in a variety of combinations: forensic rhetoric, poetics, and evidence; humanist and legal learning; political and professional identities at the Inns of Court; poetry, drama, and visual culture; local governance and legal reform; equity, conscience, and religious law; legal transformations of social and affective relations (property, marriage, witchcraft, contract, corporate personhood); authorial liability (libel, censorship, press regulation); rhetorics of liberty, slavery, torture, and due process; nation, sovereignty, and international law (the British archipelago, colonialism, empire).
24
Sant, Tom. Persuasive Business Proposals: Writing to Win More Customers, Clients, and Contracts. AMACOM, 2012.
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Sant, Tom. Persuasive Business Proposals: Writing to Win More Customers, Clients, and Contracts. 2. Aufl. AMACOM/American Management Association, 2003.
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26
Benson, C. David. Chaucer's Drama of Style: Poetic Variety and Contrast in the Canterbury Tales. University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
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27
Klein, Bernhard. Antony and Cleopatra. Herausgegeben von Michael Neill und David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.28.
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This chapter surveys a range of key topics in Antony and Cleopatra, including space, rhetoric, love, politics, ethnicity and gender. It considers the dichotomy between Egypt and Rome, the contrast between linguistic hyperbole and onstage action, and the variety of source materials available to Shakespeare. The central characters are introduced as both historical agents and fictional creations. The chapter finally suggests the importance of the sea in the play’s spatial and political imaginary.
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Price, A. W. Varieties of Pleasure in Plato and Aristotle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805762.003.0005.
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It is a familiar contrast between Plato and Aristotle that Plato identifies pleasure with a process of replenishment, Aristotle with an activity (or quality of an activity) that contains its end within itself. It complicates the contrast that the Philebus does not actually insist on any single account, whereas the Rhetoric invokes the Platonic conception, but then extends it indefinitely. Aristotle’s discussions of pleasure in the Ethics can be interpreted as being of a piece, and as applying to a wide range of perceptions and activities. However, a distinction between being glad to be acting in some way and enjoying so acting would permit a more nuanced understanding of pleasure, and a more plausible view of ethical virtue.
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Couti, Jacqueline. Sex, Sea, and Self. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859944.001.0001.
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Sex, Sea, and Self excavates forgotten voices and their layered discourses to underscore the complexity of identity politics in the French Caribbean between 1924 and 1948. This study looks at a time of chaotic transition and renewed conflict to transform our understanding of Francophone literary canons. An emphasis on women’s experiences and feminine authorship, for instance, insists on the significance of theoretical contributions by French Antillean women intellectuals to the domain of Caribbean critical theory. However, this study also offers original approaches to works by male authors of African descent. Putting in contrast Suzanne Lacascade’s, the Nardal sisters’, Mayotte Capécia’s, Jenny Alpha’s, Sully Lara’s, and Raphaël Tardon’s visions of Black humanism, history, knowledge construction, and selfhood reveals their conflicted rhetorics and performance, the ambivalent, slippery, and contradictory beliefs at the heart of their texts. These writers at times both reject and reproduce the metropolitan or white Creole exotic colonial mythology of Creole women and sexual stereotypes for their own political, cultural, and personal ends. Teasing out the politics of eroticism and the rhetoric of victimization in the expression of nation-building exposes the epistemic complicity between Black and white, colonial, and postcolonial discourses. Indeed, the social fabric of the twentieth century owes much to that of the nineteenth century, into which white Creole ideology and colonial discourse were woven. Sex, Sea, and Self (re)calibrates the canon of French Caribbean literature underpinning Caribbean critical theory, colonial history, and literary aesthetics, which allows for the exploration of novel paradigms of selfhood.
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Gale, Monica R. ‘te sociam, Ratio…’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789017.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates Grattius’ close engagement with his Roman didactic predecessors, especially Lucretius and Virgil’s Georgics, to explore the poet’s use of hunting as both metaphor for intellectual enquiry and emblem of cultural development and civilization. Grattius, it is argued, takes on Lucretius’ confidence and authority and reconfigures it to suit the celebratory tone and rhetoric of religious revival prevalent in the age of Augustus: in contrast to both Lucretius and Virgil, the poet offers an optimistic vision of both cultural progress and the contemporary world, in which expertise and toil, underpinned by the benevolence of the gods, yield fine rewards.
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Heins, Laura. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037740.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter briefly characterizes Nazi cinema and its preoccupation with the domestic sphere. It argues that, when considering the affinity of the melodramatic mode to propagandistic rhetoric, the Third Reich film industry's interest in melodrama becomes a logical choice. Melodrama, in its most classic form, is a binary mode in which narratives and characters alternate between action and pathos, between vengeance and the submission to fate. Like propaganda, melodrama describes conflict in a polemical manner, avoiding elaboration of the low-contrast shades of facts and details. Furthermore, the chapter also serves to narrow down the scope of this investigation into Third Reich cinema and to lay out the major themes underscoring discussion in the succeeding chapters.
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Egorova, Yulia. The Tropes of Jewish/Muslim Difference. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199856237.003.0003.
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The chapter explores how notions of Jewish and Muslim difference play out in the history of communal violence in independent India. In doing so it will first interrogate the way in which trajectories of anti-Muslim ideologies intersect in India with Nazi rhetoric that harks back to Hitler’s Germany, and the (lack of) the memory of the Holocaust on the subcontinent. It will then discuss how the experiences of contemporary Indian Jewish communities both mirror and contrast those of Indian Muslims and how Indian Jews and the alleged absence of anti-Semitism in India have become a reference point in the discourse of the Hindu right deployed to mask anti-Muslim and other forms of intolerance.
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Hutchinson, G. O. The Deaths of King and Kindred (Agis 16.6–17.5, 17.9–18.3; 19.5–21.1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0017.
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A catastrophe in Hellenistic Sparta is portrayed in rhythmic passages that contrast with each other. The comparisons involved in and between both are intricate, within a particularly complex comparative structure, where two Spartan kings, Agis and Cleomenes, are compared with two Roman nobiles, Ti. and C. Gracchus. The king Cleombrotus is compared with Agis and with his own wife; Agis’ death is made part of a structure in which the most important figure is his mother. The accounts gain more force from rhetoric, multiple characterization, and perversion of legality and the constitution. Rhythm creates a powerful narrative; if the source is Phylarchus, the source is unrhythmic. The passages have been underestimated through scorn for Pylarchus and under-appreciation of Plutarch’s rhythmic writing.
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Nowakowska, Natalia. Defining Lutheranism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813453.003.0008.
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Modern scholarship on theories of religion, and on the early Reformation, has grappled with the problem of how to define a movement such as Lutheranism. What did King Sigismund I of Poland and his subjects, in their own day, perceive Lutheranism to be? This chapter uses language analysis of a diverse and large corpus of sources from across the Polish monarchy to answer that question. Among Catholics, Lutheranism was only weakly identified as a heresy, and medieval anti-heretical rhetoric rarely deployed against it. Lutheranism was, instead, read as an epidemic of familiar forms of irreligiosity—e.g. sacrilege. It was principally characterized as a threat to peace, unity, and community (in town, kingdom, Christendom)—its actual doctrines of only minimal interest. The King’s Lutheran subjects, by contrast, defined themselves insistently with reference to the doctrine of ‘sola fide’.
35
Nishime, Leilani. Tiger Woods and the Perils of Colorblind Celebrity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038075.003.0003.
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This chapter moves from the more familiar white/nonwhite binary to the less commonly studied double-minority multiracial representation. The celebrity culture surrounding Tiger Woods is a vivid example of how the boundaries between black and white racial categories hinge on the exclusion or erasure of Asians from the national imagination. Until the scandal over his infidelity, sports and mainstream media celebrated Woods as the exemplar of our current colorblind moment. An analysis of his online and televised advertising campaigns and his representation in feature magazine articles prior to his adultery scandal demonstrates the difficulty of a multiracial reading in the context of colorblind rhetoric and visual practices. In contrast, postscandal publicity remakes his image from disembodied to overly embodied and debunks the argument, promoted by Woods himself, that we are beyond race and are thus blind to difference.
36
Nowakowska, Natalia. A Smoked Pig, Monsters, and Sheep. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813453.003.0007.
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How did the clerical leadership of the church in Poland and Prussia respond to the early Reformation? This chapter shows that paradoxical but ultimately ‘lax’ policy towards Lutheranism was not just a feature of royal government in this monarchy, but one also shared by the local church. Polish bishops issued fierce statutes against heresy, and their clergy wrote anti-Lutheran polemics, but the reality behind this rhetoric was rather different. Of the sixty or so individuals tried by church courts for Lutheranism, 90 per cent went unpunished. Being ‘of the Lutheran sect’ was treated as a minor misdemeanour; by contrast, fornicating clergy went to jail. Polish bishops preferred to convert Lutherans in private, and much local polemic was irenic. A minority of clergy found such ‘toleration’ reprehensible, but the Polish church leadership joined with Sigismund I in seeing Lutherans as people in theological error, but not an Other requiring urgent persecution.
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Cook, Stephen L. Ezekiel 38–48. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300262193.
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Stephen L. Cook offers an accessible translation and interpretation of the final sections of Ezekiel. These chapters, the most challenging texts of scripture, describe the end-time assault of Gog of Magog on Israel and provide an incredible visionary tour of God’s utopian temple. Following the approach of Moshe Greenberg, the author of the preceding Anchor Yale Bible commentaries on Ezekiel, this volume grounds interpretation of the book in an intimate acquaintance with Ezekiel’s source materials, its particular patterns of composition and rhetoric, and the general learned, priestly workings of the Ezekiel school. The commentary honors Greenberg’s legacy by including insights from traditional Jewish commentators, such as Rashi, Kimhi, and Eliezer of Beaugency. In contrast to preceding commentaries, the book devotes special attention to the Zadokite idea of an indwelling, anthropomorphic “body” of God, and the enlivening effect on people and land of that indwelling.
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Cook, Stephen L. Ezekiel 38–48. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300262193.
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Stephen L. Cook offers an accessible translation and interpretation of the final sections of Ezekiel. These chapters, the most challenging texts of scripture, describe the end-time assault of Gog of Magog on Israel and provide an incredible visionary tour of God’s utopian temple. Following the approach of Moshe Greenberg, the author of the preceding Anchor Yale Bible commentaries on Ezekiel, this volume grounds interpretation of the book in an intimate acquaintance with Ezekiel’s source materials, its particular patterns of composition and rhetoric, and the general learned, priestly workings of the Ezekiel school. The commentary honors Greenberg’s legacy by including insights from traditional Jewish commentators, such as Rashi, Kimhi, and Eliezer of Beaugency. In contrast to preceding commentaries, the book devotes special attention to the Zadokite idea of an indwelling, anthropomorphic “body” of God, and the enlivening effect on people and land of that indwelling.
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d'Hubert, Thibaut. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860332.003.0009.
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In the conclusion, I come back on key issues of my analysis of Ālāol’s poetics. Whereas performance and the absence of theoretical frame recorded in treatises on grammar or poetics are defining features of the vernacular tradition, we witness attempts to describe and systematize vernacular poetics in eastern South Asia. Sanskrit played a major role in this attempt at systematizing vernacular poetics to foster connoisseurship. The domain of reference of vernacular poets was not poetics per se or rhetoric, but lyrical arts and musicology. But efforts to describe vernacular poetics also display an awareness of the importance of heteroglossia and fluidity in vernacular aesthetics in contrast with Sanskrit. The opening up of the Sanskrit episteme constituted by vernacular poetics also made possible the recourse to literary models and quasi-experimental uses of vernacular poetic idioms. Old Maithili, Avadhi, and Persian were visible components of the making of vernacular poetics in Bengal.
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SuÁRez, Isabel Carrera. Multicultural and Transnational Novels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0027.
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This chapter examines the history of multicultural and transnational novels in Canada. Several decades after multiculturalism was established as a political structure and defining feature of the Canadian nation, the term is no longer appropriate to designate all writing outside the former Anglo-Protestant norm without evoking a hierarchy that belies Canadian self-definition, as sanctioned by the Multiculturalism Act of 1988. Canadian literature is therefore multicultural in its national dimension while, individually, authors and novels are Canadian. The term ‘transnational’, by contrast, raises altogether different questions, as it aims to transcend the nationalist project underpinning multiculturalism. The chapter first considers Canadian multicultural novels published during the period 1950–1970, a time of nation-building, before discussing the accelerated pace at which Canadian fiction began to evolve and diversify in the 1980s. It also analyses how the rhetoric of Canadianness changed in the 1980s and 1990s, embracing transnationalism and new intersectional theories of post-national and individual indentity.
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Tammemagi, Hans, und H. Y. Tammemagi. Winning Proposals. Self-Counsel Press, Incorporated, 2010.
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Winning Proposals: How to Write Them and Get Results (Self-Counsel Business Series). 2. Aufl. Self-Counsel Press, 1999.
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Winning Proposals: How to Write Them and Get Results (Self-Counsel Business Series). Self Counsel Pr, 1995.
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44
Zehnpfennig, Barbara, Hrsg. Die Sophisten. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845254975.
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The sophists, so to speak, spearheaded enlightenment in Ancient Greece. By turning to subjectivism, they dethroned traditional, mostly religiously based morality; through their teaching, which included not least rhetoric and other techniques of self-assertion, they changed the political climate. This volume deals with the fascinating phenomenon of sophism by reconstructing the political thinking of sophists from the few existing fragments of Plato’s writings and his dialogues. This shows the range of their positions: The sophists advocated the idea of ‘social contracts’ as well as the right of the strongest. A comparative look at modernity and postmodernity shows just how relevant they are. Nietzsche, Foucault, Butler and even game theory fall back on patterns of thought that we find among ancient sophists. The authors of this volume, who are philosophers and political scientists, unfold the kaleidoscope of sophistic thought in both their time and ours. With contributions by Viktoria Bachmann, Thomas Buchheim, Bettina Fröhlich, Benjamin Hahn, Hendrik Hansen, Raul Heimann, Johannes Hoerlin, Vanessa Jansche, Christina Kast, Peter Kainz und Barbara Zehnpfennig.
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Lavery, Kevin. Smart Contracting for Local Government Services. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188193.
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Privatization of local government is making headlines throughout the world. Scottsdale, Arizona, contracts for fire protection; Baltimore, to run nine city schools; and Chicago and Philadelphia for a range of services from janitors to recreational facilities. The United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia have arguably gone further than the United States. But much of the debate on contracting has been high on politics, philosophy, and emotion with little attention to practical issues of how to do contracting well. The book shifts the debate away from the politics and rhetoric to the practicalities and realities of contracting. The book is concerned with four issues—the role of contracting in government, the appropriateness of different contracting strategies, the process of contracting, and who does the contracting. Drawing on examples in the United States and the United Kingdom, the author considers the historical and cultural context of contracting, where contracting works and where it doesn't, the features of smart contracting, and the conditions that are conducive to smart contracting. The book provides an invaluable guide to those concerned with the practicalities of contracting.
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Cloud, Dana L. Communication and Clout. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036378.003.0009.
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This chapter speaks to scholars in the field of communication studies, surveying literature on organizational democracy, storytelling, and worker voice. It first discusses the unique contributions of the present case study, unusual in its focus on labor unions as sites of activity and agency, to academic work on worker voice and democracy in workplace institutions. The gains won during contract struggles and strikes reveal how, ultimately, worker agency is a function of both communicative practice and economic clout. Second, it brings the author's past scholarship in rhetorical studies to bear on the union dissident activity at Boeing. This part of the chapter emphasizes the importance of a dialectical theory regarding the interaction of structure and agency. It argues that the gaps and contradictions between lived experience of exploitation and the discourses that justify or overlook that exploitation are resources for critique and action. For both organizational communication and rhetorical studies, the present case forces the recognition that worker agency is a combination of communication and clout.
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Briggman, Anthony. God and Christ in Irenaeus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792567.001.0001.
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For too long certain scholars have been content to portray Irenaeus of Lyons as rather stupid, a well-meaning churchman but incompetent theologian. The Irenaeus that emerges from a careful reading of his polemical and constructive arguments, as this book demonstrates, is highly educated, trained in the rhetorical arts, aware of general philosophical positions, and able to use both rhetorical and philosophical theories and methods in his argumentation. Moreover, the theological account laid down by his pen was original and sophisticated, supremely so for one of the second century. In contrast to readings that minimize the metaphysical dimension of Irenaeus’ theology, this study shows that his conception of the divine being as infinite and simple, the reciprocal immanence of the Word-Son and God the Father, divine generation, the union of the divine Word-Son and human nature in the person of Christ, and the revelatory activity of the infinite and incomprehensible Word-Son, amongst other features of his theology detailed in these chapters, are pillars of his polemical argumentation and constructive theology. What emerges from these pages, then, is a fundamentally new understanding of Irenaeus and his thought.
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Rawlinson, Mark. The Motif of Sacrifice in the Literature and Culture of the Second World War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806516.003.0011.
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This chapter explores how Anglophone literature and culture envisioned and questioned an economy of sacrificial exchange, particularly its symbolic aspect, as driving the compulsions entangled in the Second World War. After considering how Elizabeth Bowen’s short stories cast light on the Home Front rhetorics of sacrifice and reconstruction, it looks at how poets Robert Graves, Keith Douglas, and Alun Lewis reflect on First World War poetry of sacrifice. With reference to René Girard’s and Carl von Clausewitz’s writings on war, I take up Elaine Cobley’s assertion about the differing valencies of the First and Second World Wars, arguing that the contrast is better seen in terms of sacrificial economy. I develop that argument with reference to examples from Second World War literature depicting sacrificial exchange (while often harking back to the First World War), including Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952–61), and William Wharton’s memoir Shrapnel (2012).
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Norris, Andrew. Community and Voice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190673949.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes Cavell’s reception of Rousseau’s theory of the general will and the manner in which he uses it to counter dominant conceptions of democracy, freedom, rhetoric, and public reason. Central here is Rousseau’s idea that the virtuous citizen can speak for fellow citizens—articulate their shared general will—in much the same way, and with the same limitations, as the ordinary language philosopher who articulates “what we say when.” Cavell develops this in his account of the political “claim to community,” and argues that certain archetypical forms of injustice are best explained by the failure of their perpetrators to properly articulate their own will. The problem here is not one of sincerity, but of self-knowledge. In reviewing these matters, this chapter also clarifies as neither previous commentators nor Cavell himself have the nature and worth of Cavell’s critique of the dominant model of contract theory, that of John Rawls.
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Pattison, George. The Self in and before God. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813507.003.0010.
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Is the devout life a form of mysticism? Noting recent trends in the discussion of mysticism it is concluded that it is ‘mystical’ only if this is not confused with an experientially oriented spirituality or negative theology. Revisiting the relationship between will and affection, it is argued that the annihilation of the self opens the way for a spiritual life marked by dynamic movement and openness, in contrast to a claustrophobic self defined by volitional necessity. Although preferring silence, the devout authors believe devotion is set in motion by a divine call, but in post-Christian society, the motive power of basic life-choices is widely regarded as either ‘life’ or the internalized voices of society. How could a call from God be possible and how would one know it to be from God? These questions end Part 1 of the enquiry and set the stage for Part 2, The Rhetorics of the Word.