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Shi, Bing Yin, und Jian Hong Zheng. „ASIC Designing and Implementation of RFFE“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2481.
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MIPI RF Frond-End Control Interface (RFFE) is a specification of a bus interface specifically designed for the needs of current and future mobile wireless systems to control the slave devices in an RF front-end.This new technique has so many advantages over I2C and SPI interface.So in this article I give an overview of MIPI RFFE and the stratege to realize the IP for RFFE,finally I describe the results getting from simulating the IP through VCS.It is convenient to implement and control the specified IP,and which can be used wisely in so much fields.
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Chauvenet, Cedric, Bernard Tourancheau, Denis Genon-Catalot, Pierre-Emmanuel Goudet und Mathieu Pouillot. „Interoperable IPv6 Sensor Networking over PLC and RF Media“. International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010100101.
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The evolution of technology has made the connection of all types of devices to IP networks possible. In this paper, the authors investigate the possible usage of IPv6 in sensor networks connected through the Power Line Communication (PLC) non-wireless medium and demonstrate possible interoperability. This work is based on the adaptation of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard protocol constrained by the low-power, lossy and low data-rate context of PLC transceiver that uses pulse modulation. The aim is to provide interoperability features with other media using a robust and reliable communication stack. The target application of such results ranges from smart metering and environment monitoring to home control and urban area energy efficiency applications. This paper proposes the first adaptation of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard commons for the PLC medium. Following this standard interface, the authors demonstrate data communication on PLC with low power energy requirement using the pulse PLC physical layer. This paper also presents an initial implementation of the Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL) setup proposed by the IETF working group. In this context, the authors demonstrate interoperability in a testbed between PLC and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).
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Humphreys, Jennifer H., Marije K. Verheul, Anne Barton, Alexander J. MacGregor, Mark Lunt, Rene EM Toes, Deborah PM Symmons, Leendert A. Trouw und Suzanne MM Verstappen. „Anticarbamylated protein antibodies are associated with long-term disability and increased disease activity in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, Nr. 6 (06.10.2015): 1139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207326.
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ObjectivesAnticarbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies are a novel family of autoantibodies recently identified in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate their association with long-term outcomes of disability and disease activity over 20 years’ follow-up in a cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP).MethodsNorfolk Arthritis Register recruited adults with recent-onset swelling of ≥2 joints for ≥4 weeks from 1990 to 2009. At baseline, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and 28 joint disease activity scores (DAS28) were obtained, and C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor (RF), anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and anti-CarP antibodies were measured. Further HAQ scores and DAS28 were obtained at regular intervals over 20 years. Generalised estimating equations were used to test the association between anti-CarP antibody status and longitudinal HAQ and DAS28 scores; adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, year of inclusion and ACPA status. Analyses were repeated in subgroups stratified by ACPA status. The relative association of RF, ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies with HAQ and DAS28 scores was investigated using a random effects model.Results1995 patients were included; 1310 (66%) were female. Anti-CarP antibodies were significantly associated with more disability and higher disease activity, HAQ multivariate β-coefficient (95% CI) 0.12 (0.02 to 0.21), and these associations remained significant in the ACPA-negative subgroups. The associations of RF, ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies were found to be additive in the random effects model.ConclusionsAnti-CarP antibodies are associated with increased disability and higher disease activity in patients with IP. Our results suggest that measurement of anti-CarP antibodies may be useful in identifying ACPA-negative patients with worse long-term outcomes. Further, anti-CarP antibody status provided additional information about RF and ACPA.
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Cheung, S. W., und A. H. Aghvami. „Performance of a 16-ARY DEQAM modem employing a baseband or RF predistorter over a regenerative satellite link“. IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 135, Nr. 6 (1988): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1988.0065.
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Palacios-Peña, Laura, Rocío Baró, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Dominik Brunner und Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero. „Evaluating the representation of aerosol optical properties using an online coupled model over the Iberian Peninsula“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, Nr. 1 (05.01.2017): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-277-2017.
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Abstract. The effects of atmospheric aerosol particles on the Earth's climate mainly depend on their optical, microphysical and chemical properties, which modify the Earth's radiative budget. The aerosol radiative effects can be divided into direct and semi-direct effects, produced by the aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and indirect effects, produced by aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). In this sense the objective of this work is to assess whether the inclusion of aerosol radiative feedbacks in the online coupled WRF-Chem model improves the modelling outputs over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and surrounding water areas. For this purpose, the methodology is based on the evaluation of modelled aerosol optical properties under different simulation scenarios. The evaluated data come from two WRF-Chem simulations for the IP differing in the inclusion/no-inclusion of ARIs and ACIs (RF/NRF simulations). The case studies cover two episodes with different aerosol types over the IP in 2010, namely a Saharan dust outbreak and a forest fire episode. The evaluation uses observational data from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE). Experimental data of aerosol vertical distribution from the EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) Granada station are used for checking the models. The results indicate that for the spatial distribution the best-represented variable is AOD and the largest improvements when including the aerosol radiative feedbacks are found for the vertical distribution. In the case of the dust outbreak, a slight improvement (worsening) is produced over the areas with medium (high/low) levels of AOD(−9 % / +12 % of improvement) when including the aerosol radiative feedbacks. For the wildfire episode, improvements of AOD representation (up to 11 %) over areas further away from emission sources are estimated, which compensates for the computational effort of including aerosol feedbacks in the simulations. No clear improvement is observed for the AE representation, the variability of which is largely underpredicted by both simulations.
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Jiang, Xiao, Peng Li, Bin Li, Yulong Zou und Ruchuan Wang. „Security-Reliability Tradeoff for Friendly Jammer Aided Multiuser Scheduling in Energy Harvesting Communications“. Security and Communication Networks 2021 (03.04.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599334.
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In this paper, we investigate the physical-layer security in an energy-harvesting (EH) multiuser network with the help of a friendly jammer (J), where multiple eavesdroppers are considered to tap the information transmission from users (Us) to base station (BS). In this system, a power beacon (PB) transmits radio frequency (RF) signals to Us for charging. In order to enhance the security of wireless transmission, we propose non-energy-aware multiuser scheduling (NEAMUS) scheme and energy-aware multiuser scheduling (EAMUS) scheme. For the purpose of comparison, we introduce conventional round robin multiuser scheduling (CRRMUS) scheme. The closed-form outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) expressions of NEAMUS, EAMUS, and CRRMUS schemes are derived over Rayleigh fading channels. Additionally, we analyze the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) of NEAMUS, EAMUS, and CRRMUS schemes in terms of OP and IP. Numerical results show that the proposed EAMUS scheme is superior to the CRRMUS scheme and NEAMUS scheme in terms of SRT, demonstrating the advantage of the proposed EAMUS scheme in improving the physical-layer security and reliability. Moreover, SRT performance of NEAMUS and EAMUS schemes can also be improved by increasing the number of users.
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Schulz, N., A. Chanda, G. Datt, M. Venkata Kamalakar, T. Sarkar, M. H. Phan und H. Srikanth. „Proximity enhanced magnetism at NiFe2O4/Graphene interface“. AIP Advances 12, Nr. 3 (01.03.2022): 035132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000271.
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Here, we explore the change in effective magnetic anisotropy of the ferrimagnetic (FM) insulator nickel ferrite (NFO) thin film due to the inclusion of monolayer graphene (MLG) grown on top of the NFO layer. This was done by performing radio frequency (RF) transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements on bare NFO and NFO/MLG bilayer samples for both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) configurations utilizing a tunnel diode oscillator technique. Our magnetometry measurements indicated an enhancement in the overall saturation magnetization of the NFO/MLG bilayer with respect to the bare NFO film. The TS measurements reveal that the inclusion of MLG reduces the effective magnetic anisotropy for both IP and OOP configurations drastically, by up to a factor of 2 over the temperature range 40 K ≤ T ≤ 280 K. Since NFO is a magnetic substrate, it is possible that NFO could induce magnetic ordering in MLG at the NFO/MLG interface via the magnetic proximity effect. Furthermore, since NFO is insulating and MLG is a semimetal, there likely exists a large conductivity difference at the interface, making charge transfer plausible. These two effects could modify the interfacial magnetism leading to a change in the effective magnetic anisotropy. These results highlight the importance of understanding the interfacial magnetism of FM/MLG heterostructures.
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Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. „Satellite DVB-RCS VSAT standards for fixed and mobile applications“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4 (17.12.2018): 4195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.21129.
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The growing demand for communications bandwidth over all wireless media has motivated the introduction of compact satellite com-munications solutions that provide bi-directional services at greater than 90 Mb/s known as Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS). Current applications may demand rapid installation at fixed locations as well as mobile platforms, such as stationary and moving vehicles, manned and unmanned aircraft, and ships on the oceans. More than a basic introduction, this course presents the specific approaches for designing a broadband satellite network using L/C, Ku, and Ka-bands, and should allow participants to configure major space and ground architecture, evaluate sources of antennas technology, RF electronics, and select the most appropri-ate satellite architecture, spot or regional coverage, bandwidth and services. Applications to commercial and government users are de-scribed as well as compliance with international radio regulations. This paper will provide a case study of the implementation of DVB-RCS scenario for Military Applications for Navy, Land and Aeronautical military platforms. The design and implementation DVB-RCS satellite constellation, development ground infrastructure of the Hub or Gateway as Ground Earth Station (GES) with antenna system and users network, the return link demodulation method, resource management scheme, fixed and mobile terminal structure including antenna configurations are described. The paper also addresses DVB-RCS applications that provide both IPTV and IPPC high-speed Internet base on DVB-S/DVB-RCS standards to the commercial and military passengers and crews for land, maritime and air vehicles, including E-education, E-medicine, E-banking (ATM), Defense Information Management (DIM), Voice over IP and Voice, Data and Video over IP (VDVoIP) and so on.Â
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Dipon, Wasim, Bryan Gamboa, Maximilian Estrada, William Paul Flynn, Ruyan Guo und Amar Bhalla. „Self-Sustainable IoT-Based Remote Sensing Powered by Energy Harvesting Using Stacked Piezoelectric Transducer and Thermoelectric Generator“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 7 (15.07.2023): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071428.
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We propose a self-powered remote multi-sensing system for traffic sensing which is powered by the collective energy harvested from the mechanical vibration of the road caused by the passing vehicles and from the temperature gradient between the asphalt of the road and the soil underneath. A stacked piezoelectric transducer converts mechanical vibrations into electrical energy and a thermoelectric generator harvests the thermal energy from the thermal gradient. Electrical energy signals from the stacked piezoelectric transducer and the thermoelectric generators are converted into usable DC power to recharge the battery using AC-DC and DC-DC converters working simultaneously. The multi-sensing system comprises an embedded system with a microcontroller that acquires data from the sensors and sends the sensory data to an IoT transceiver which transmits the data as RF packets to an ethernet gateway. The gateway converts the RF packets into Internet Protocol (IP) packets and sends them to a remote server. Laboratory and road-testing results showed over 98% sensory data accuracy with the system functioning solely powered by the energy harvested from the alternative energy sources. The successful maximum transmission distance obtained between the IoT, and the gateway was approximately 1 mile, which is a considerable transmission distance achieved in an urban environment. Successful operation of the self-powered multi-sensing system under both laboratory and road conditions contributes considerably to the fields of energy harvesting and self-powered remote sensing systems. The energy flow chart and efficiency for the steps in the system were found to be mechanical power from vehicles to the energy harvester of 0.25%, stacked PZT transducer efficiency was found to be 37%, and for the TEGs the efficiency is 11%. AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC converters’ efficiencies were found to be 90% and 11%. The wireless communication RF transceiver efficiency was found to be 62.5%.
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Abu Al-Haija, Qasem, Manar Alohaly und Ammar Odeh. „A Lightweight Double-Stage Scheme to Identify Malicious DNS over HTTPS Traffic Using a Hybrid Learning Approach“. Sensors 23, Nr. 7 (27.03.2023): 3489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073489.
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The Domain Name System (DNS) protocol essentially translates domain names to IP addresses, enabling browsers to load and utilize Internet resources. Despite its major role, DNS is vulnerable to various security loopholes that attackers have continually abused. Therefore, delivering secure DNS traffic has become challenging since attackers use advanced and fast malicious information-stealing approaches. To overcome DNS vulnerabilities, the DNS over HTTPS (DoH) protocol was introduced to improve the security of the DNS protocol by encrypting the DNS traffic and communicating it over a covert network channel. This paper proposes a lightweight, double-stage scheme to identify malicious DoH traffic using a hybrid learning approach. The system comprises two layers. At the first layer, the traffic is examined using random fine trees (RF) and identified as DoH traffic or non-DoH traffic. At the second layer, the DoH traffic is further investigated using Adaboost trees (ADT) and identified as benign DoH or malicious DoH. Specifically, the proposed system is lightweight since it works with the least number of features (using only six out of thirty-three features) selected using principal component analysis (PCA) and minimizes the number of samples produced using a random under-sampling (RUS) approach. The experiential evaluation reported a high-performance system with a predictive accuracy of 99.4% and 100% and a predictive overhead of 0.83 µs and 2.27 µs for layer one and layer two, respectively. Hence, the reported results are superior and surpass existing models, given that our proposed model uses only 18% of the feature set and 17% of the sample set, distributed in balanced classes.
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Singh, Rajesh, Mohammed Baz, Anita Gehlot, Mamoon Rashid, Manpreet Khurana, Shaik Vaseem Akram, Sultan S. Alshamrani und Ahmed Saeed AlGhamdi. „Water Quality Monitoring and Management of Building Water Tank Using Industrial Internet of Things“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (28.07.2021): 8452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158452.
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Water being one of the foremost needs for human survival, conservation, and management of the resource must be given ultimate significance. Water demand has increased tremendously all over the world from the past decade due to urbanization, climatic change, and ineffective management of water. The advancement in sensor and wireless communication technology encourages implementing the IoT in a wide range. In this study, an IoT-based architecture is proposed and implemented for monitoring the level and quality of water in a domestic water tank with customized hardware based on 2.4 GHz radiofrequency (RF) communication. Moreover, the ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module-based upper tank monitoring of the proposed architecture encourages provide real-time information about the tank through internet protocol (IP). The customized hardware is designed and evaluated in the Proteus simulation environment. The calibration of the pH sensor and ultrasonic value is carried out for setting the actual value in the prototype for obtaining the error-free value. The customized hardware that is developed for monitoring the level and quality of water is implemented. The real-time visualization and monitoring of the water tank are realized with the cloud-enabled Virtuino app.
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Landmann, Christoph, und Rolf Kall. „Graphical Hardware Description as a High-Level Design Entry Method for FPGA-Based Data Acquisition Systems“. Key Engineering Materials 613 (Mai 2014): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.613.296.
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Probably one of the most significant developments in the field of software-defined multifunction data acquisition systems and devices is the employment of FPGA (Field-Programmable GateArray) technology, resulting in a tremendous digital processing potential close to the I/O pin. FPGA technology is based on reconfigurable semiconductor devices which can be employed as processing targets in heterogeneous computing architectures for a variety of data acquisition applications. They can primarily be characterized by generic properties, such as deterministic execution, inherent parallelism, fast processing speed and high availability, stability and reliability. Therefore FPGAs areparticularly suitable for use in “intelligent” data acquisition applications that require either in-line digital signal co-processing or real-time system emulation in the field of advanced control, protocol aware communication, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) as well as RF and wireless test. From the perspective of a domain expert however, primarily being focused on developing applications and algorithms, simple and intuitive design entry methods and tools are required that facilitate the FPGA configuration and design entry process. Traditional FPGA design entry methods and commercially available tools assume a comprehensive knowledge of hardware description languages (HDL),such as VHDL or Verilog®, and implement a process or function at register-level. In contrast, graphical hardware description languages for FPGAs, such as the integrated development environment NI LabVIEW® with FPGA module extension, abstract the design process by means of graphical objects, I/O nodes and interconnecting wires that represent the FPGA’s IP and implement processes, timing, I/O integration and data flow. This paper discusses the advantages of graphical system design for FPGAs over text-based alternatives, introduces interfaces for the integration of 3rd party IP, all backed up by a detailed illustration of a COTS FPGA-based multifunction DAQ target compared to a traditional DAQ architecture.
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Gill, Grandon. „EXPANDING JOINT VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT BRANCH“. Muma Case Review 1 (2016): 001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3558.
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David Rohret, the founder of the Joint Vulnerability Assessment Branch (JVAB) pondered this difficult question. Since 2003, he had been involved in building a team that was uniquely positioned to identify a wide range of vulnerabilities in military and commercial communications and web-based systems. He could cite numerous examples of past situations where the early use of JVAB’s services led to, or could have led to, tens of millions of dollars in savings—or possibly more, had the issues they detected been left unattended. The value that JVAB offered was gradually being recognized and, as a result, demand for their services was building. The problem was that it was nearly impossible to hire people with the skills necessary to meet the growing need. There were a number of aspects of JVAB’s approach that made it unique. First and foremost, it had been early to recognize that formerly distinct elements of communications systems were rapidly converging. Historically, communications using radio frequency (RF) signals had been the domain of electrical engineers, while network communications were handled by computer scientists. As network traffic was increasingly being handled using cellular and wifi signals, however, RF intrusions became a serious threat. By the same token, RF communications—such as those handled using high end hand-held devices and cell phones—often relied on the same IP protocols used by the Internet—making them a potential pathway to servers. Another key aspect of JVAB was its adversarial mindset. It prided itself on using the same tools and techniques as the black hat hackers that threatened systems in real world settings. Not only was this an attitude that was generally not cultivated in educational institutions, it also ran counter to the experience of individuals that has spent all their professional life dealing with security in a defensive posture. In the past, Rohret had hired high potential individuals, usually with military experience, and had helped them develop their skills over many years. The end result was the formation of a team with an extraordinary track record of success. But if JVAB were to meet the continuing demand for its services, it needed to figure out new ways to expand. That could be a real challenge in an organization where the most valuable assets all wore shoes.
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Tran Tin, Phu, Tan Nguyen, Nguyen Sang, Tran Trung Duy, Phuong Tran und Miroslav Voznak. „Rateless Codes-Based Secure Communication Employing Transmit Antenna Selection and Harvest-To-Jam under Joint Effect of Interference and Hardware Impairments“. Entropy 21, Nr. 7 (16.07.2019): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070700.
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In this paper, we propose a rateless codes-based communication protocol to provide security for wireless systems. In the proposed protocol, a source uses the transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique to transmit Fountain-encoded packets to a destination in presence of an eavesdropper. Moreover, a cooperative jammer node harvests energy from radio frequency (RF) signals of the source and the interference sources to generate jamming noises on the eavesdropper. The data transmission terminates as soon as the destination can receive a sufficient number of the encoded packets for decoding the original data of the source. To obtain secure communication, the destination must receive sufficient encoded packets before the eavesdropper. The combination of the TAS and harvest-to-jam techniques obtains the security and efficient energy via reducing the number of the data transmission, increasing the quality of the data channel, decreasing the quality of the eavesdropping channel, and supporting the energy for the jammer. The main contribution of this paper is to derive exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP), probability of successful and secure communication (SS), intercept probability (IP) and average number of time slots used by the source over Rayleigh fading channel under the joint impact of co-channel interference and hardware impairments. Then, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.
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Padilla-Zepeda, Efrain, Deni Torres-Roman und Andres Mendez-Vazquez. „A Semantic Segmentation Framework for Hyperspectral Imagery Based on Tucker Decomposition and 3DCNN Tested with Simulated Noisy Scenarios“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 5 (01.03.2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051399.
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The present work, unlike others, does not try to reduce the noise in hyperspectral images to increase the semantic segmentation performance metrics; rather, we present a classification framework for noisy Hyperspectral Images (HSI), studying the classification performance metrics for different SNR levels and where the inputs are compressed. This framework consists of a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN) that uses as input data a spectrally compressed version of the HSI, obtained from the Tucker Decomposition (TKD). The advantage of this classifier is the ability to handle spatial and spectral features from the core tensor, exploiting the spatial correlation of remotely sensed images of the earth surface. To test the performance of this framework, signal-independent thermal noise and signal-dependent photonic noise generators are implemented to simulate an extensive collection of tests, from 60 dB to −20 dB of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) over three datasets: Indian Pines (IP), University of Pavia (UP), and Salinas (SAL). For comparison purposes, we have included tests with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), 1DCNN, and 2DCNN. For the test cases, the datasets were compressed to only 40 tensor bands for a relative reconstruction error less than 1%. This framework allows us to classify the noisy data with better accuracy and significantly reduces the computational complexity of the Deep Learning (DL) model. The framework exhibits an excellent performance from 60 dB to 0 dB of SNR for 2DCNN and 3DCNN, achieving a Kappa coefficient from 0.90 to 1.0 in all the noisy data scenarios for a representative set of labeled samples of each class for training, from 5% to 10% for the datasets used in this work. The source code and log files of the experiments used for this paper are publicly available for research purposes.
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Hidalgo, Jorge, Daniela Lourenco, Shogo Tsuruta, Matias Bermann, Vivian Breen und Ignacy Misztal. „Derivation of indirect predictions using genomic recursions across generations in a broiler population“. Journal of Animal Science, 14.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad355.
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Abstract Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) of animals without phenotypes can be indirectly predicted using recursions on GEBV of a subset. To maximize predictive ability of indirect predictions (IP), the subset must represent the independent chromosome segments segregating in the population. We aimed to 1) determine the number of animals needed in recursions to maximize predictive ability, 2) evaluate equivalency IP-GEBV, and 3) investigate trends in predictive ability of IP derived from recent vs. distant generations or accumulating phenotypes from recent to past generations. Data comprised pedigree of 825K birds hatched over 12 overlapping generations, phenotypes for body weight (BW; 820K), residual feed intake (RF; 200K) and weight gain during a trial period (WG; 200K), and breast meat percent (BP; 43K). A total of 154K birds (last six generations) had genotypes. The number of animals that maximize predictive ability was assessed based on the number of largest eigenvalues explaining 99% of variation in the genomic relationship matrix (1Me = 7,131), twice (2Me), or a fraction of this number (i.e., 0.75, 0.50, or 0.25Me). Equivalency between IP and GEBV was measured by correlating these two sets of predictions. GEBV were obtained as if generation 12 (validation animals) was part of the evaluation. IP were derived from GEBV of animals from generations 8 to 11 or generations 11, 10, 9, or 8. IP predictive ability was defined as the correlation between IP and adjusted phenotypes. The IP predictive ability increased from 0.25Me to 1Me (11%, on average); the change from 1Me to 2Me was negligible (0.6%). The correlation IP-GEBV was the same when IP were derived from a subset of 1Me animals chosen randomly across generations (8 to 11) or from generation 11 (0.98 for BW, 0.99 for RF, WG, and BP). A marginal decline in the correlation was observed when IP were based on GEBV of animals from generation 8 (0.95 for BW, 0.98 for RF, WG, and BP). Predictive ability had a similar trend; from generation 11 to 8, it changed from 0.32 to 0.31 for BW, from 0.39 to 0.38 for BP, and was constant at 0.33(0.22) for RF(WG). Predictive ability had a slight to moderate increase accumulating up to four generations of phenotypes. 1Me animals provide accurate IP, equivalent to GEBV. A minimum decay in predictive ability is observed when IP are derived from GEBV of animals from four generations back, possibly because of strong selection or the model not being completely additive.
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TEOMAN, Erçin, und Özlem AKKAN. „USING MQTT PROTOCOL TO CONTROL THE COMBI BOILERS OF OPENTHERM COMPATIBLE“. EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING & NATURAL SCIENCES, 20.03.2022, 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38063/ejons.627.
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Since the first years of humanity, heating still maintains its place as one of the most basic needs for home comfort. In future, we have to create communication network that will enable heating systems to work more efficiently and comfortably. Combi boiler is a device used both for heating domestic water and for heating needs The OpenTherm Protocol was created by combi boiler manufacturers. This protocol provides the opportunity to control combi boiler from different brands using the same communication language. When wireless communication is required, frequently, we see that the OpenTherm protocol is used as RF, but there are too many breaks in this setup. It is not possible to fully communicate with the heating area. System that installed over a Wi-Fi with TCP/IP based MQTT will be better than RF. MQTT is a communication protocol frequently used about used in IOT applications MQTT is a protocol that uses TCP/IP infrastructure and can meet all our communication needs for OpenTherm without any problems. Keywords: MQTT, OpenTherm, IoT, TCP/IP, Combi Boiler.
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Chi, Vuong Xuan, und Nguyen Kim Quoc. „Processing and classifying IP packet data on the Internet based on machine learning“. Journal of Science and Technology 7, Nr. 2 (18.06.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.55401/2xyvkg06.
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Nowadays, the continuous development of information technology, communication over the Internet is increasing rapidly, and network congestion has become an alarming issue. To develop communication network infrastructure in a large city, a country, or globally, streamlining and controlling network data flow to optimize communication processes and minimize network congestion is crucial and necessary. In this study, the authors analyze and process data according to the delay of Internet Protocol (IP) packets, using machine learning models with the Random Forest (RF) and the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to classify IP packets. The primary goal of classifying packets by delay is to optimize network performance by prioritizing processing of low-delay packets, ensuring stable and uninterrupted online services such as video streaming and voice calls. Furthermore, it is easy to manage and control packet traffic, hence minimizing network congestion at the router. ® 2024 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
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Das, Rahul, und Dr Mona Dwivedi. „Enhancement of Security in Wireless Sensor Network by Using Trust Evaluation and TCP/IP Based Technology“. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology, 27.01.2022, 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2022.10.1.13.
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Today Wireless network technology are widely used technology in many organizations. Wireless LANs transmit and receive data without physical channel means over the air so no need for a wired connection. For this radio frequency (RF) technology is used. Without any cables attached, a wireless network allows devices to remain linked to the network. The main advantage of wireless network is that it is typically cheaper, simpler, quicker to set up as wireless network does not require expensive wiring. Mainly radio communication is used to implement wireless communication networks. At physical level of OSI model network structure this implementation takes place. Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks & terrestrial microwave networks. The advent of wireless sensor network has given birth to new kinds of routing algorithms and new security threats.
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Giudici, Michael C., Deborah L. Paul, Caroline Sloane, Gisela Press, Ashley Petersen, Ashley Garrison und Phillip E. Schrumpf. „Abstract P65: Outpatient Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on Therapeutic Warfarin - Safety, Efficacy, and Cost Savings“. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 4, suppl_1 (November 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.4.suppl_1.ap65.
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Introduction: Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (PVI) is being performed with increasing frequency. This time and labor-intensive procedure is under increasing scrutiny as we look for means to decrease costs of delivering care. Performing these procedures on therapeutic warfarin could shorten hospital stays, eliminate costly low-molecular weight heparin (LMW) use, and decrease procedural heparin administration which could reduce hemorrhage from access sites. Methods: Over a six-year period, 180 patients, 138 M/42 F, mean age 43 yr (18-77 yr), underwent PVI for persistent - 99 pts., and paroxysmal - 81 pts. atrial fibrillation. Mean INR was 2.2 (1.5 - 4.2). Procedures were performed with standard radiofrequency (RF) catheters - 132, Cryoablation - 27, and Ablation Frontiers RF - 21. Procedural time, fluoroscopy time, hospital stays, outcomes, and complications were tracked. Results: 127 of 180 pts. were discharged the day of procedure (OP) from the outpatient unit, 51 pts. stayed one night post-procedure (IP), 2 patients stayed 4 days, one for pulmonary treatment and one for CVA. Mean procedural length was 3.3 hours, mean fluoro time was 52 min. Mean time from hospital admit to discharge was 17.3 hr. Mean time from procedure end to discharge was 11.0 hr. 77% of pts. were free from AF on follow-up on no meds or “pill-in-the-pocket”. 6 complications occurred - 1 phrenic nerve paralysis (resolved), 2 CVAs (one was 72 hrs post PVI), 1 perforation/tamponade, 1 groin bleed requiring evacuation, 1 PV stenosis. There was no difference in outcome for patients discharged OP vs IP. Cost savings by continuing warfarin were LMW = $205/dose X 6 doses - $1230/pt. Cost savings by same day discharge = $1330/day. Conclusions: PVI can be safely performed as an outpatient procedure on therapeutic warfarin with good clinical outcomes. Significant cost savings can be realized from OP PVI from reduced staff, medication, and facilities utilization.
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Oide, K., und J. Wenninger. „FCC-ee: the synthesis of a long history of e+e- circular colliders“. European Physical Journal Plus 136, Nr. 9 (September 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01911-0.
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AbstractThe design of FCC-ee is relying on the accumulated experience of $$\mathrm {e^{+}e^{-}}$$ e + e - colliders that have been designed, constructed and operated in the past 40 years. FCC-ee will surpass the 26.7 km long Large Electron Positron collider LEP by a factor 4 in size. Like for LEP the large size is justified by the need to control the synchrotron radiation losses that for both machines reach a few percent per turn. To that end LEP had the first large super-conducting (SC) RF system with around 3.8 GV of accelerating voltage. LEP achieved for the first time very large beam-beam parameters of around 0.08, and it relied on transversely polarized beams to determine accurately the beam energy for the experiments. The DA$$\varPhi $$ Φ NE collider, together with PEP II and KEKB split the two beams into separate vacuum chambers to reach much higher Ampere-level beam currents. To overcome beam-beam lifetime and performance issues DA$$\varPhi $$ Φ NE used for the first time the Crab Waist concept for the interaction region (IR) optics. The B-factories, PEP-II and KEKB have verified the double-ring $$\mathrm {e^{+}e^{-}}$$ e + e - collider with multi-ampere stored currents for over 1000 bunches, small $$\beta ^*$$ β ∗ , top-up injection, and achieved then-highest luminosity. KEKB has applied 22-mrad crossing angle at the IP with crab crossing. Both machines inherited accelerator techniques from their predecessors, PEP and TRISTAN, which was a small-scale LEP. Currently the next generation SuperKEKB collider is starting up. It has already achieved some milestones required for FCC-ee such as small $$\beta ^*$$ β ∗ (0.8 mm) and virtual crab-waist scheme with a large Piwinski angle (>10).
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Iqbal, Iqra, Artem Minalyan und Muhammad Atique Alam Khan. „THU383 “My Hands Are Always Stiff”: A Common But Underrecognized Mimicker Of Inflammatory Arthritis.“ Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (Oktober 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.816.
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Abstract Disclosure: I. Iqbal: None. A. Minalyan: None. M. Khan: None. Introduction: Inflammatory arthropathies are often identified in patients by their characteristic patterns, including symmetric small joint involvement, joint stiffness that can improve with physical activity, and others. However, it is crucial to address comorbidities and their impact on symptom presentation when assessing these patients. Here we present a case of a relatively common but underrecognized mimicker of inflammatory arthropathies. Case: A 63-year-old man with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was referred to a rheumatology clinic by his family physician to manage RA. He was previously treated with prednisone and methotrexate for six months for presumed seronegative rheumatoid arthritis without any relief. He reported chronic pain and stiffness in his joints: wrists, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP and DIP) joints, ankles, and feet. His symptoms were worse in the morning. However, on further questioning, he admitted that the stiffness did not improve throughout the day. He denied joint swelling or redness over the affected joints. On exam, his hand joints had significant stiffness. We obtained hand radiographs which did not show erosive changes or significant joint space narrowing. He had negative rheumatoid factor (RF), normal anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels, which ruled out the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. A detailed physical exam demonstrated a positive “prayer sign” and “tabletop sign.” Further lab review showed that his hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) had been ranging between 8% to 10% over several years. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with limited joint mobility due to the poorly controlled DM1. We discontinued his methotrexate and referred him to an endocrinologist to manage the uncontrolled DM1. He was referred to physical therapy for hand stretching exercises. After six months of treatment, his symptoms improved but did not resolve completely. Conclusion: It is essential to identify the impact of diabetes on the musculoskeletal system. Limited joint mobility, previously known as diabetic cheiroarthropathy (DCA), is a common but frequently missed manifestation of poorly controlled diabetes. It is characterized by a limited ability to flex or extend the MCP and IP joints. It may or may not be painful and can progress to fixed flexion contractures of the finger joints. Early recognition is essential for correct diagnosis. Treatment is with tighter glycemic control and physical therapy. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023
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Firdous, Rabia, Ganeshree Krishnan, Sara Sherif, Francesc Valenti, Chun Man Lee und Mark Lloyd. „P17 A bend in the road: a patient with rheumatoid arthritis developing multicentric reticulohistiocytosis“. Rheumatology Advances in Practice 7, Supplement_2 (27.09.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkad070.038.
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Abstract Introduction Multicentric reticulohistocytosis (MRH) is characterised by histiocyte and multicentric giant cell infiltration in the skin and joints, although any tissue can be involved. Classically, it presents with papulonodular skin eruptions and a rapidly erosive arthritis. Most cases are described in females in the fourth and fifth decades of life. The condition will often resolve over 10 years. Up to 25% of cases are associated with malignancy. Here we report a case of MRH presenting in a patient with RF, CCP positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosed 10 years earlier. This is a rare disease combination and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case description A 56-year-old female presented in 2011 with a 2 year history of pain and swelling in the wrists, PIPs and ankle. Investigations: CRP 11, Hb 112, ferritin 10. TTG and endomysial antibodies positive. RF 125, CCP 33. X rays: radio-carpal joint space loss, right thumb IP joint erosion. Seropositive, erosive RA was diagnosed. She responded well to methotrexate (MTX) 20mg weekly. Patient declined endoscopy. She was able to stop MTX in 2019 as symptoms had resolved. Hand X-rays showed no progression of erosions. In December 2021, she presented with a month’s history of a rash on her hands with some associated right hand swelling and pain. The rash consisted of red macular areas on the dorsum of fingers and nodular elastic red confluent lumps especially on the dorsal distal phalanges and along the sides of the fingers. Several weeks later, an itchy rash appeared on the upper anterior trunk - macular with some areas of clustered discrete papular red lesions. Epidermal biopsies showed reactive mild acanthosis and hyperkeratosis with sheets of histiocytes in the dermis and the presence of a Grenz zone. The histiocytes were negative for CD1a and S100 and positive for CD68. Findings were consistent with MRH. CRP and CK were normal, Ro 52 positive, ANA and extended myositis panel negative. Hand X-rays showed no new erosions. CT chest, abdomen and pelvis and mammography showed no malignancy. Prednisolone 30mg, MTX 20 mg weekly and hydroxychloroquine 200mg were started, with topical corticosteroids and alendronate 70mg weekly. The rash remained prominent, with wrist and MCP swelling. Adalimumab was started in July 2022. Prednisolone has been weaned to 5mg alternate days but she has required several courses of higher doses. X-rays in June 2023 show probable bilateral index finger DIP erosions but joint and skin symptoms have largely resolved. Discussion The long period between initial presentation and subsequent development of MRH in our patient suggests she has two separate conditions. However, it is possible that previous treatment had kept the MRH at bay. The presence of DIP erosions suggests that MRH may now be the predominant arthropathy. In MRH joint symptoms precede cutaneous disease in up to 60% of cases, as a symmetric polyarthritis affecting hands (PIPs particulalry, DIPs, MCP), shoulders, knees, wrists, hips, elbows, ankles and feet. Erosions can occur rapidly. Inflammatory markers tend to be normal. Skin lesions consist of pink or reddish brown papulo-nodules, up to 2cm diameter, involving the upper body, acral and extensor surfaces, dorsum of the fingers, and nail folds. A “coral bead” appearance is considered pathognomonic, though present in < 50% cases. Skin lesions occasionally join to form large plaques. They rarely ulcerate or leave scars. Mucosal lesions have also been described in some cases. Biopsy is diagnostic. MRH is rare. The largest recent single case series is from the Mayo Clinic in 2020 and includes 24 patients. Interestingly, 25% of these patients had auto-immune conditions, including 3 with RA. 5 had positive RF, 8 had positive CCP. The most common associated malignancy was melanoma. We have found reports of 7 cases of concomitant RA and MRH; generally RA appears to occur before the MRH. In 3 of these cases, symptoms resolved with combinations of MTX, corticosteroids and bisphosphonates. Otherwise, treatment of MRH is essentially empirical. MTX, corticosteroids and bisphosphonates are commonly used first line, with a range of anti-rheumatic monoclonal agents also being reported in the literature. More recently there have been reports of successful treatment with jakinibs. However, the rapid progression of erosive arthritis in some cases means that patients can be left with damaging arthritis. Key learning points Our case highlights the importance of diagnosing MRH, a rare but potentially destructive cause of arthritis. The clinical suspicion of MRH should be raised in patients with characteristic skin and joint involvement as MRH can easily be misdiagnosed as other systemic rheumatological conditions. In particular, RA presents in the same age and sex group, and positive rheumatoid serology appears to be relatively common in MRH. Psoriatic arthropathy can also be a challenging differential diagnosis, with skin lesions and erosive DIP change. As MRH can present with joint symptoms alone, a low threshold of diagnostic suspicion is needed. Once diagnosed, patients should be screened for malignancy. Patients need to be referred urgently to secondary care so that early treatment can be started to try to prevent joint damage. Appropriate sensitive patient counselling and education is necessary, given the variable responses to treatment and variable course. Close collaboration between dermatology and rheumatology is important. The coexistence of RA and MRH can make assessment of joint inflammation and treatment choice difficult. However, it also opens up potential dual disease treatment pathways. We suggest the rarity and severity of MRH make it a suitable candidate for a national registry, jointly managed between rheumatology and dermatology. This would increase awareness of the condition and enable better informed decisions regarding treatment.