Thematische Bibliographien / Respiration Regulation Sex differences

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Respiration Regulation Sex differences“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 30. Januar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Salmon, Adam, und Daniel Adekunbi. „CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND RESILIENCE AS A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM DRIVING SEX DIFFERENCES IN AGING“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1735.

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Abstract There are substantial differences in the progression of aging between males and females including in progression and prevalence of disease and longevity. Not all can be explained solely by sex-specific endocrine regulation and growing evidence suggests there are basic biological and genetic differences in sex that drive disparity in physiological function. In this study, we describe metabolic differences at the cellular level that both define some of these biological differences as well as provide a potential mechanism for delineating relevant molecular mechanisms of aging. Using HET3 mice, a genetically heterogeneous model with a consistent female advantage in longevity, we show that primary fibroblast lines retain functional metabolic characteristics, including mitochondrial response and stress resilience, which are representative of the sex of the donor animal. These differences persist even after several rounds of passage using standard culturing techniques suggesting these differences are not driven by direct impact of circulating sex hormones. Moreover, we find that differences in these cellular responses have some predictive power to determine both sex- and individual-specific responses to physiological challenge including obesity and longevity. In addition, we are able to use this model to delineate how donor sex affects cellular responses within defined pillars of aging including proteostasis, metabolic function, and adaption to stress. Overall, our model then provides valuable in defining the cellular responses that contribute to the mammalian aging process.

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Beikoghli Kalkhoran, Siavash, und Georgios Kararigas. „Oestrogenic Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 3 (20.01.2022): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031118.

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Biological sex influences disease development and progression. The steroid hormone 17β-oestradiol (E2), along with its receptors, is expected to play a major role in the manifestation of sex differences. E2 exerts pleiotropic effects in a system-specific manner. Mitochondria are one of the central targets of E2, and their biogenesis and respiration are known to be modulated by E2. More recently, it has become apparent that E2 also regulates mitochondrial fusion–fission dynamics, thereby affecting cellular metabolism. The aim of this article is to discuss the regulatory pathways by which E2 orchestrates the activity of several components of mitochondrial dynamics in the cardiovascular and nervous systems in health and disease. We conclude that E2 regulates mitochondrial dynamics to maintain the mitochondrial network promoting mitochondrial fusion and attenuating mitochondrial fission in both the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

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Lu, Jianyun, Jasmin Sponagel, Jill Jones, Hannah Gass, Elena Nunez, Cheryl Frankfater, Sierra Williams-McLeod et al. „TMET-13. SEX DIFFERENCES IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA IMPLICATE HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1 ALPHA (HIF1A) ACTIVITY“. Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (01.11.2022): vii264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1018.

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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. It is more prevalent in males and female patients have better survival. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this disparity is imperative for understanding its development and progression as well as developing novel treatment paradigms. Carbohydrate (namely glucose) metabolism is a critical GBM nutrient source for biosynthesis, energetics, and reducing equivalents. Previously, our group discovered that elevated glycolytic activity uniquely predicted the outcomes of male, but not female, lower grade glioma patients. Our goal was to characterize sex differences in GBM carbohydrate metabolism and their effects on cellular phenotype. First, we discovered that male transformed murine astrocytes were more susceptible to glucose deprivation than females. We confirmed this phenotype with irreversible inhibition of hexokinase with 2-deoxyglucose as well as a GLUT1-selective inhibitor. Time-resolved stable isotope tracing of cell metabolism with carbon-13 glucose in transformed astrocytes further supported these findings; male cells had significantly higher rates of glucose uptake and metabolism than female cells. These results were validated with stable isotope metabolomics datasets from human cancer cell lines. Using additional assays of cellular metabolism, we discovered that male transformed astrocytes had a higher glycolytic rate, higher pyruvate kinase activity, higher mitochondrial respiration, and higher mitochondrial mass compared to females. This was validated by a TCGA pancancer analysis that revealed significantly higher expression of nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial regulation in males than in females. This prompted us to identify possible regulators of this metabolic phenotype. We discovered that HIF1A had robust hypoxia-inducible expression that was significantly higher in male transformed astrocytes. Moreover, HIF1A expression as well as its target transcripts were significantly higher in TCGA pancancer tumor datasets. Together, our data underscore the potential for developing sex-specific metabolic targeting approaches for patients with GBM.

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Liu, Junyan, Rong Zhang, Xiao Xu, Joshua C. Fowler, Tom E. X. Miller und Tingfa Dong. „Effect of summer warming on growth, photosynthesis and water status in female and male Populus cathayana: implications for sex-specific drought and heat tolerances“. Tree Physiology 40, Nr. 9 (30.05.2020): 1178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa069.

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Abstract Effects of climate warming on tree growth and physiology may be driven by direct thermal effects and/or by changes in soil moisture. Dioecious tree species usually show sexual spatial segregation along abiotic gradients; however, few studies have assessed the sex-specific responses to warming in dioecious trees. We investigated the sex-specific responses in growth, photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC), water-use efficiency and whole-plant hydraulic conductance (KP) of the dioecious tree species Populus cathayana Rehd. under +4 °C elevated temperature with and without supplemental water. For both sexes, high-temperature treatments significantly decreased growth (height and biomass), photosynthetic rate (A), the ratio of A to dark respiration rate, stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate, NSC, leaf water potential and KP, but increased water-use efficiency (estimated from carbon isotope composition). Under warming with supplemental water, most traits of females did not change relative to ambient conditions, but traits of males decreased, resulting in greater sexual differences. Females showed a lower KP, and their gs and A responded more steeply with water-related traits than males. These results show that the effect of summer warming on growth and photosynthesis was driven mainly by soil moisture in female P. cathayana, while male performance was mainly related to temperature. Females may experience less thermal stress than males due to flexible water balance strategy via stomata regulation and water use.

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Buchholz, Friedrich, und Reinhard Saborowski. „Metabolic and enzymatic adaptations in northern krill,Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, S3 (01.12.2000): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-168.

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The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is restricted to the Antarctic Ocean. The northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, is extremely widely distributed from the arctic North Atlantic to the warm Mediterranean. Respiration measurements showed no seasonal differences in rates determined in krill from the thermally stable Clyde Sea (Scotland) and the cooler but variable Danish Kattegat. In the warm Ligurian Sea, where temperatures are stable, krill showed higher rates in April than in September, indicating reactions to the short but intensive productive season. Krill can passively benefit from enhancements of overall metabolism when ascending into upper, warmer water strata during their pronounced diel vertical migration. Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of citrate synthase (CS) were compared. In terms of respiration and enzyme regulation, krill from the Ligurian Sea stand apart: temperature and nutrition appear to be of different influence, relatable to genetic differentiation in the species. In contrast, Kmof CS in E. superba is temperature independent, highlighting the species' stenothermal physiology. A basal level of activity of digestive enzymes ensures immediate utilization of patchy food sources. Specific induction, including that of chitinases, indicating omnivory in both species, underlines krill's exceptional capacity to adapt to highly variable trophic environments. Processes of moult, growth, and reproduction are locally and seasonally adjusted.

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Murni Yuliastuti, Christina, Th tatik Pujiastuti und Sr Lucilla Suparmi, CB. „Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Exercise Intradialysis Pada Pasien Hemodialisis di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Panti Rahayu Gunung Kidul“. I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih 2, Nr. 2 (08.10.2021): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46668/jurkes.v2i2.194.

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ABSTRACT Background: Hemodialysis defines as a process of cleaning the blood from waste substances through a filtering process outside the body. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often experience complications including hypotension. Several references state an alternative intervention to prevent complications of hypotension in hemodialysis patients with an Intradialytic exercise. Intradialytic exercise is a planned and gradual form of exercise that includes various stages of flexibility exercise, strengthening exercise and cardiovascular exercise performed during hemodialysis. Intradialytic exercise is aimed to improve the work of the heart, respiration and improve hemodialysis regulation for the better. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after intradialytic exercise in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This research design used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control design. The samples were 38 respondents who taken by total sampling at the Hemodialysis Unit of Panti Rahayu Hospital. The samples were divided into the intervention group who undertook intradialytic exercise for 4 weeks, each respondent experiences twice a week, while the control group who did routine hemodialysis and independent exercise. Results: The results showed that the distribution of the characteristics of the respondents was 51-54 years old (18.41%) the sex was mostly male (63.2%) Most of them (55.3%) underwent hemodialysis for less than 2 years. Statistically, it was known that there was no significant difference in blood pressure before and after intradialytic exercise inside patient’s body of the control and intervention groups. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the intervention group compared to the control group, but there was a dynamic difference in blood pressure in patients who did intradialytic exercise. Conclusion: There was dynamics of differences in blood pressure in patients undergoing intradialytic exercise, it is recommended that hemodialysis nurses at Panti Rahayu Hospital take care patients during hemodialysis so that these interventions are routinely carried out.

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Murni Yuliastuti, Christina, Th Tatik Pujiastuti und Sr Lucilla Suparmi, CB. „Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Exercise Intradialysis Pada Pasien Hemodialisis di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Panti Rahayu Gunung Kidul“. I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih 2, Nr. 2 (08.10.2021): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46668/jurkes.v2i2.196.

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ABSTRACT Background:Hemodialysis defines as a process of cleaning the blood from waste substances through a filtering process outside the body. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often experience complications including hypotension. Several references state an alternative intervention to prevent complications of hypotension in hemodialysis patients with an Intradialytic exercise. Intradialytic exercise is a planned and gradual form of exercise that includes various stages of flexibility exercise, strengthening exercise and cardiovascular exercise performed during hemodialysis. Intradialytic exercise is aimed to improve the work of the heart, respiration and improve hemodialysis regulation for the better. Objective:This study was aimed to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after intradialytic exercise in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods:This research design used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control design. The samples were 38 respondents who taken by total sampling at the Hemodialysis Unit of Panti Rahayu Hospital. The samples were divided into the intervention group who undertook intradialytic exercise for 4 weeks, each respondent experiences twice a week, while the control group who did routine hemodialysis and independent exercise. Results:The results showed that the distribution of the characteristics of the respondents was 51-54 years old (18.41%) the sex was mostly male (63.2%) Most of them (55.3%) underwent hemodialysis for less than 2 years. Statistically, it was known that there was no significant difference in blood pressure before and after intradialytic exercise inside patient’s body of the control and intervention groups. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the intervention group compared to the control group, but there was a dynamic difference in blood pressure in patients who did intradialytic exercise. Conclusion:There was dynamics of differences in blood pressure in patients undergoing intradialytic exercise, it is recommended that hemodialysis nurses at Panti Rahayu Hospital take care patients during hemodialysis so that these interventions are routinely carried out.

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Miotto, Paula M., Chris McGlory, Tanya M. Holloway, Stuart M. Phillips und Graham P. Holloway. „Sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory function in human skeletal muscle“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 314, Nr. 6 (01.06.2018): R909—R915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2018.

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Mitochondrial bioenergetic contributions to sex differences in human skeletal muscle metabolism remain poorly defined. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether mitochondrial respiratory kinetics differed between healthy young men and women in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. While men and women displayed similar ( P > 0.05) maximal respiration rates and abundance of mitochondrial/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) transport proteins, women had lower ( P < 0.05) mitochondrial ADP sensitivity (+30% apparent Km) and absolute respiration rates at a physiologically relevant ADP concentration (100 μM). Moreover, although men and women exhibited similar carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I protein content- and palmitoyl-CoA-supported respiration, women displayed greater sensitivity to malonyl-CoA-mediated respiratory inhibition. These data establish baseline sex differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and provide the foundation for studying mitochondrial function within the context of metabolic perturbations and diseases that affect men and women differently.

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Klymenko, M. R. „NARCISSISTIC SELF-REGULATION: STUDYING SEX DIFFERENCES“. Habitus, Nr. 40 (2022): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2663-5208.2022.40.18.

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Сулаєва, О. М., und Н. І. Белемець. „Sex differences in regulation of adipose tissue“. Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery, Nr. 4(60) (27.11.2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24026/1818-1384.4(60).2017.118729.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Jordan, Amy Selina. „The control of respiration and upper airway muscle activity in healthy young men and women“. Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj812.pdf.

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"May 2002." Bibliography: leaves 123-144. Aspects of the control of ventilation and an upper airway dilator muscle (genioglossus) are compared between healthy men and women, in an attempt to identify a gender difference that may contribute to the high male prevalence of sleep apnea.

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Ali, Farrah Z. „Gender differences in T cell regulation and responses to sex hormones“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4934/.

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Conflicting effects of sex hormones could potentially explain the increased susceptibility of females developing autoimmune diseases. In this study I found that 5\(\alpha\)-reductase expression both on the mRNA and protein was unregulated in female T cells after stimulation, which was not observed in the male T cells. This was particularly interesting as 5\(\alpha\)-reductase is responsible for the synthesis of the most potent androgen DHT, which has shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. I did not observe any significant differences in 5\(\alpha\)-reductase expression in T cells between SLE patients and healthy controls. However, I did find a significantly higher expression of 5\(\alpha\)-reductase in B cells from SLE patients compared to healthy controls. In vitro treatment of testosterone showed that high concentrations the proportion of IL-2-producing female CD4 T cells decreased (not in the male T cells) and lower concentrations had the opposite effect. This latter observation was shown to be oestrogen-dependent as experiments using tamoxifen abolosihed the effect. Overall, sex differences are present in the expression of 5\(\alpha\)-reductase in T cells upon stimulation and regulation of 5\(\alpha\)-reductase expression is altered in SLE B cells. IL-2 production is sensitive to changes in testosterone concentration and there is an element of gender dimorphism in the T cell response to testosterone.

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Perry-Parrish, Carisa. „Gender-Atypical Emotion Regulation in Children: Relations to Social and Psychological Functioning“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Perry-ParrishC2007.pdf.

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Dumais, Kelly M. „Involvement of the oxytocin system in sex-specific regulation of social behavior and sex-specific brain activation“. Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106876.

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Thesis advisor: Alexa H. Veenema
The poorly understood, but robust sex differences in prevalence, symptom severity, and treatment responses of many psychiatric disorders characterized by social dysfunction signifies the importance of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex differences in the regulation of social behaviors. One potential system involved is the oxytocin (OT) system. OT is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide that has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of social behaviors in rodents and humans. This thesis aims to clarify the role of OT in sex-specific regulation of social behavior and brain function in rats. Study 1 characterized sex differences in the OT system in the brain, and found that males show higher OT receptor (OTR) binding densities in several forebrain regions compared to females. Studies 2 and 3 then determined the relevance of these sex differences in OTR binding densities for the sex-specific regulation of social behavior using pharmacological manipulations of the OTR and in vivo measurement of OT release. Study 2 focused on the function of the OT system in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp), because this region showed the largest sex difference in OTR binding density, and is part of the core social behavior network. Results show that endogenous OT in the BNSTp is important for social recognition in both sexes, but that exogenous OT facilitated social recognition in males only. Furthermore, social recognition in males, but not in females, was associated with higher endogenous OT release in BNSTp. This study is the first to provide a link between sex differences in OTR binding density and OT release with sex-specific regulation of social recognition by OT. Study 3 focused on amygdala subregions because these regions were found to show sex-specific correlations of OTR binding density with social interest. Results show that the OT system modulates social interest in the central amygdala (CeA), but not the medial amygdala, in sex-specific ways, with activation of the OTR in the CeA facilitating social interest in males, but not in females. These results provide evidence that the CeA is a brain region involved in the sex-specific processing of social stimuli by the OT system. Finally, Study 4 examined whether sex differences in OTR binding densities in forebrain regions lead to sex-specific brain activation in response to OT. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in awake male and female rats following central or peripheral administration of OT. Central OT administration induced sex differences in BOLD activation in numerous brain regions (including several regions with denser OTR binding in males), in which males showed predominantly higher activation compared to females. Peripheral OT administration also induced sex differences in BOLD activation, but in fewer brain regions and in different brain regions compared to central OT, indicating that the pattern and the magnitude of sex differences in neural activation induced by OT strongly depend on the route of administration. Together, outcomes of this thesis provide novel insight into the sexual dimorphic structure and function of the OT system in rats, and highlights the fact that research seeking a full understanding of the role of the OT system in behavioral and brain responses is incomplete without the inclusion of both sexes. These results may be informative given the increasing popularity of the use of OT as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of social dysfunction in sex-biased psychiatric disorders
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology

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Williams, DeWayne P. „Ethnicity, Sex, and Vagal Activity: Differences in Hemodynamics Underlying Long-Term Blood Pressure Regulation“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500640025670825.

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Higgins, Dane Allen. „A Neuropsychological Investigation of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity to Verbal and Spatial Fluency Tasks: Testing a New Model of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Regulation and Disease“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27628.

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One hundred twenty-six right-handed undergraduate men and women underwent physiological measurements of SBP, DBP, and HR before and after verbal and figural fluency tasks, used as stressors. Dynamic and functional cerebral regulation of cardiovascular reactivity was assessed, specifically, the role that the frontal lobes have in regulating SBP, DBP, and HR in men and women. Sex differences in the functional cerebral regulation of these cardiovascular factors were predicted. Hostility was assessed in these participants, using the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory (6 total groups of 21 participants each: high-, mid-, and low-hostile participants were identified). Sex and group (hostility) differences were predicted, as well as task (fluency type) differences. Comparisons were also made from a time estimation task (30 and 180 seconds), and the effect that womenâ s menstrual cycle had on fluency. The MCSDS and the STAI were administered. The principal findings of the current investigation were that the verbal fluency task raised SBP across sex and group, that both stressors raised SBP or DBP in different patterns (no sex differences were found), while stressors interacted with both sex and group. High-hostile men performed better on the first trial of the verbal fluency test compared to low-hostile men, while high-hostile women performed worse on the first trial of the verbal fluency test, compared to low-hostile women. Men perseverated more on each trial of the verbal fluency test, while women perseverated less across trials. High-hostile menâ s time perception seems to be more rapid than low-hostile men, while for women it is the opposite. Women reported significantly more stress from the figural fluency task than men. Women in the luteal phase of menstruation did better on the verbal fluency test than women in the follicular phase of menstruation, and hostility and menstrual phase interact with verbal fluency. This study encourages the consideration of neuropsychological sex differences in order to better understand cardiovascular regulation mechanisms and disease, leading to the development of improved prevention and behavioral management programs. Findings supporting this idea may bring about a new research focus, as some forms of cardiovascular disease may be more appropriately investigated as arising from neuropsychological problems.
Ph. D.

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Queirós, Ana Maria Gomes Capelo Carregal. „Sex- and oestrogen-dependent regulation of miRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17165.

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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Identifizierung von Geschlechterunterschieden (GU) in der Expression von miRNAs im späten Stadium der Myokardhypertrophie, sowie der möglichen Rolle von ERbeta bei der Regulierung dieser GU. Unsere früheren Studien identifizierten ERβ als determinierenden Faktor für die beobachteten GU bei Druckbelastung. Unter anderem führte eine Deletion des ERbeta zur Aufhebung der zuvor beobachteten GU auf physiologischer und fibrotischer Ebene, sowie in der Genexpression. In dieser Studie wurden insgesamt 30 miRNAs mit Geschlechter- und/oder Geschlecht*Operation-Interaktionseffekten 9 Wochen nach TAC in WT Mäusen identifiziert. Die gleichen Effekte waren in ERbeta-/- Tieren nicht zu beobachten, teilweise aufgrund einer höheren Expression dieser miRNAs in ERbeta-/- Weibchen als bei den Männchen. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine Hemmung vieler miRNAs durch Östrogen (E2) und seine Rezeptoren in weiblichen Kardiomyozyten, welches somit die in vivo-Ergebnisse bestätigt und die protektive Rolle von E2 und ERβ im weiblichen Herzen unterstreicht. Sechs der miRNAs mit GU in WT-, aber nicht in ERbeta-/- Hypertrophie-Modellen wurden als mögliche Fibroseregulatoren identifiziert, da ihnen gemeinsame Inhibitoren des ERK-MAPK-Signalwegs als Zielgene vorhergesagt wurden. Die Expression dieser miRNAs, miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-27a und miR-27b, war in kardialen Fibroblasten durch E2 geschlechterabhängig reguliert. Zusammengefasst bestätigt diese Arbeit die schützende Rolle von E2 und ERbeta im weiblichen Herzen. E2 und seine Rezeptoren hemmen die Expression vieler miRNAs in weiblichen Kardiomyozyten und kardialen Fibroblasten, sowie in vivo. In männlichen Herzen und kardialen Fibroblasten scheint ERalpha der Hauptakteur zu sein, welcher insbesondere mögliche Fibrose-bezogene miRNAs reguliert. Die verschiedenen Rollen der ERs in weiblichen und männlichen Herzen sind ein bestimmender Faktor der beobachteten GU bei Myokardhypertrophie.
The present study aimed to identify sex-differently expressed miRNAs in a late stage of hypertrophy (9 weeks) and the possible role of ERs in the regulation of these differences. Our previous studies identified ERbeta as an important determinant factor of the observed sex differences in pressure overload, playing different roles in males and females. This report identified a total of 30 miRNAs with sex and/or sex*surgery interaction effect 9 weeks after TAC in WT mice. The same effects were not observed in ERbeta-/- animals partially due to the higher expression of these miRNAs in ERbeta-/- females than in their WT counterparts. This study reveals a repression of a number of miRNAs by estradiol and its receptors alpha and beta in female cardiomyocytes, confirming the in vivo results and accentuating the important protective role of oestrogen and ERbeta in the female heart. Six of the miRNAs with sex differences in WT but not in ERbeta-/- hypertrophy models were found to be possible fibrosis regulators by putatively targeting common ERK/MAPK pathway inhibitors. MiR-106a, miR-106b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-27a and miR-27b were subjected to a different regulation by estradiol in cardiac fibroblasts in a sex-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study reinforces the oestrogen and ERbeta protective roles in the female hearts. Estradiol and ERs repress many miRNAs’ expression in both female cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, as well as in vivo. In male hearts and cardiac fibroblasts, ERalpha is apparently the major player, regulating in particular potential fibrosis –related miRNAs. The different roles of ERs in male and female hearts are a determinant factor of the observed sex differences in cardiac hypertrophy.

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Gagnon, Daniel. „Sex-related Differences in Local and Whole-body Heat Loss Responses: Physical or Physiological?“ Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23284.

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The current thesis examined whether sex-differences in local and whole-body heat loss are evident after accounting for confounding differences in physical characteristics and rate of metabolic heat production. Three experimental studies were performed: the first examined whole-body heat loss in males and females matched for body mass and surface area during exercise at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production; the second examined local and whole-body heat loss responses between sexes during exercise at increasing requirements for heat loss; the third examined sex-differences in local sweating and cutaneous vasodilation to given doses of pharmacological agonists, as well as during passive heating. The first study demonstrates that females exhibit a lower whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity (553 ± 77 vs. 795 ± 85 W•°C-1, p=0.05) during exercise performed at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production. The second study shows that whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity is similar between sexes at a requirement for heat loss of 250 W•m-2 (496 ± 139 vs. 483 ± 185 W•m-2•°C-1, p=0.91) and 300 W•m-2 (283 ± 70 vs. 211 ± 66 W•m-2•°C-1, p=0.17), only becoming greater in males at a requirement for heat loss of 350 W•m-2 (197 ± 61 vs. 82 ± 27 W•m-2•°C-1, p=0.007). In the third study, a lower sweat rate to the highest concentration of acetylcholine (0.27 ± 0.08 vs. 0.48 ± 0.13 mg•min-1•cm-2, p=0.02) and methylcholine (0.41 ± 0.09 vs. 0.57 ± 0.11 mg•min-1•cm-2, p=0.04) employed was evidenced in females, with no differences in cholinergic sensitivity. Taken together, the results of the current thesis show that sex itself can modulate sudomotor activity, specifically the thermosensitivity of the response, during both exercise and passive heat stress. Furthermore, the results of the third study point towards a peripheral modulation of the sweat gland as a mechanism responsible for the lower sudomotor thermosensitivity in females.

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Fulton, Caroline Jane. „Regulation within an intimate relationship context : initiation and response strategies utilised in self, partner and relationship regulation : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Arts in Psychology at the University of Canterbury /“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2271.

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The Ideal Standards Model (Simpson, Fletcher and Campbell, 2001) suggests that individuals regulate themselves and their partners based on how closely their perceptions match their ideal standards. Overall, Fletcher and Simpson (2006) provided empirical support for the regulatory function of the Ideal Standards Model and concluded that standards which may initiate regulation reflect three pivotal domains; warmth/trustworthiness, attractiveness/vitality and status/resources. In Study 1, 150 individuals (in heterosexual relationships or had been in the previous six months) spontaneously reported prior regulatory attempts that had focused on changing themselves, their partner or their relationship. Participants then described their most salient regulatory attempt in detail and rated the success of this attempt. In Study 2, 96 individuals (in heterosexual relationships) self-rated various personality and relationship characteristics. Participants also indicated how they would likely respond (using a set of likert scales) to partner initiated regulation attempts which were provided via vignette descriptions. As predicted, results indicated (a) that regulatory attempts reflect the pivotal domains of the Ideal Standards Model, (b) predicted gender differences in the use of regulation, (c) increased regulatory success with the use of interpersonal strategies and (d) increased relationship quality with less negative reactions to regulatory attempts. Results also indicated that women were more likely to respond negatively than men, particularly when the regulation attempt focused on their attractiveness. Implication and explanations are discussed.

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Krizo, Jessica Ann. „Regulation of Food Anticipatory Activity“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1470307781.

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Bücher zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Snowberger, Gray Elisabeth. Sexual patterns of monooxygenase function in the liver of marine teleosts and the regulation of activity by estradiol. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988.

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Davies, Michael J. Gender differences in running economy. 1992.

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Comparison of maximal oxygen uptake: Treadmill vs. steptreadmill. 1989.

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Comparison of maximal oxygen uptake: Treadmill vs. steptreadmill. 1991.

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Prentice, Susan. Sex in Schools: Canadian Education & Sexual Regulation (Our Schools Series). Lorimer, 1994.

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Metabolic response to acute cold air exposure and two levels of beta blockade in males and females. 1991.

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Fischer, Christian. Praediktoren Von Aggression: Eine Untersuchung der Faktoren Wahrnehmung und Regulation Von Emotionen, Ambiguitaetstoleranz, Selbstwertschaetzung und Selbstwertdiskrepanz Bei Patienten Aus der Forensischen und der Allgemeinen Psychiatrie. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2014.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Turano, Alexandra, Brittany F. Osborne und Jaclyn M. Schwarz. „Sexual Differentiation and Sex Differences in Neural Development“. In Neuroendocrine Regulation of Behavior, 69–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2018_56.

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Reckelhoff, Jane F. „Sex Differences in Regulation of Blood Pressure“. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 139–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_9.

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Van Kempen, Tracey A., Jose Marques-Lopes, Michael J. Glass und Teresa A. Milner. „Sex Differences in Neural Regulation of Hypertension“. In Hypertension and the Brain as an End-Organ Target, 195–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25616-0_10.

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Vindry, Caroline, Théophile Ohlmann und Laurent Chavatte. „Selenium Metabolism, Regulation, and Sex Differences in Mammals“. In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 89–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_5.

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True, Cadence, David H. Abbott, Charles T. Roberts und Oleg Varlamov. „Sex Differences in Androgen Regulation of Metabolism in Nonhuman Primates“. In Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity, 559–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_24.

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Briski, Karen P., Hussain N. Alhamami, Ayed Alshamrani, Santosh K. Mandal, Manita Shakya und Mostafa H. H. Ibrahim. „Sex Differences and Role of Estradiol in Hypoglycemia-Associated Counter-Regulation“. In Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity, 359–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_17.

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Clemens, L. G., C. K. Wagner und A. E. Ackerman. „A Sexually Dimorphic Motor Nucleus : Steroid Sensitive Afferents, Sex Differences and Hormonal Regulation“. In The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior, 19–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1709-8_2.

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Paro, Renato, Ueli Grossniklaus, Raffaella Santoro und Anton Wutz. „Dosage Compensation Systems“. In Introduction to Epigenetics, 67–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68670-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to chromosome-wide dosage compensation systems. We will examine the evolution of dosage compensation, which is thought to be driven by the appearance of differentiated sex chromosomes. In a subset of species with X chromosomal sex determination or XY sex chromosome systems, expression of X-linked genes is regulated by chromosome-wide modifications that equalize gene expression differences between males and females. The molecular mechanisms of X chromosome-wide dosage compensation have been studied in flies, worms, and mammals. Each of these species uses a distinct dosage compensation strategy with a different molecular mechanism. In the wormCaenorhabditis elegans, gene expression on the two X chromosomes of hermaphrodites is reduced to a level that approximates a single X chromosome in males. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterachieves dosage compensation by increased transcription of the single X chromosome in males to a level that is similar to the two X chromosomes in females. Lastly, in mammals, one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is transcriptionally inactive and a single X chromosome is transcribed in both sexes. Studies of dosage compensation systems provide insights into how epigenetic regulation controls gene expression and chromatin organization differentially within a cell.

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Young, Elizabeth A., Ania Korszun, Helmer F. Figueiredo, Matia Banks-Solomon und James P. Herman. „Sex Differences in HPA Axis Regulation“. In Sex Differences in the Brain, 95–106. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311587.003.0000.

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Ethun, Kelly. „Sex and Gender Differences in Body Composition, Lipid Metabolism, and Glucose Regulation“. In Sex Differences in Physiology, 145–65. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802388-4.00009-4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Gentile, F., P. Sciarrone, C. Borrelli, J. Spiesshoefer, F. Buoncristiani, C. Passino, M. Emdin und A. Giannoni. „Sex-related differences in daytime Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure“. In Sleep and Breathing 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2021.26.

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Sisí, Conchita, M. Poveda Fernández, Amalia Escalona, Marta Redondo, Elena Ruiz und Raquel Reyes. „TEENAGERS INSTAGRAM USE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ANXIETY LEVELS AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION, DIFFERENCES BY SEX“. In 14th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.2166.

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Cavalli, Jessica, und Anita Cservenka. „Sex Moderates Associations Between Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation and Problematic Cannabis Use“. In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.31.

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Background. Research consistently finds that male cannabis users report greater problematic cannabis use (i.e., negative outcomes related to one’s cannabis use), compared to female cannabis users. Further, emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic risk factor for substance use and addiction and is associated with greater problematic cannabis use. Therefore, the current study examined whether sex moderates associations between emotion dysregulation (overall and dimensions of emotion dysregulation) and problematic cannabis use. Methods. 741 adults reporting past-month cannabis use (31.44% female) completed an online anonymous survey, including questions on demographics, substance use, problematic cannabis use (via the Marijuana Problem Scale) and emotion dysregulation (via the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale). Independent samples t-tests and hierarchical multiple linear regressions were performed. Results. Male cannabis users reported significantly higher scores on overall emotion dysregulation and five of six dimensions (nonacceptance, impulse, awareness, strategies, and clarity) compared to female cannabis users. Further, sex moderated associations between emotion dysregulation (overall, nonacceptance, goals, impulse, awareness, and strategies) and problematic cannabis use. Overall, nonacceptance, goals, impulse, and strategies were positively associated with problematic cannabis use, and these relationships were stronger in male cannabis users. Lack of emotional awareness was negatively associated with problematic cannabis use in male cannabis users and no relationship was found for female cannabis users. Conclusions. Overall, these results denote the importance of examining individual differences in emotion dysregulation as they relate to problematic cannabis use. Interventions and treatments may need to be tailored for male cannabis users with a focus on specific emotion dysregulation dimensions.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Respiration Regulation Sex differences"

Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir und Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.

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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.

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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves und Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, Februar 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.

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