Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Respirační systém“

Léčivé rostlin y tvoří důl ežitou součást moderní m edi cí ny. V praxi slouží k izolaci l éčiv ých lát ek použiteln ých v t erapii, dále j ako podpora medikam entózní l éčb y. O bsahují slož ité kompl ex y účinných l átek, jejichž účinek se navzájem podporuje a dopl ňuje, takže bývají účinnější než jednotli vé izol ované látk y. Při l éčbě respirační ch chorob se nejvíce uplatňují předevší m obsahové l átk y z Adhatoda vasica, Ephedra sinica či kodein j ako anti tusikum. Vasi ci n j e l át ka i z ol ovaná z i ndi cké rost l i n y Adhat oda vasi ca. Vasi ci n m á ši rok é spekt rum i ndi k ac í . Nej v ět ší upl at nění , nach áz í v t erapi i onem oc nění d ých ací ch cest - r ým a, k ašel , nachl az ení , bronchi t i da, ast m a. P odl e st udií m á krom ě bronchodi l at ační ch, ex pekt orační ch či ant i t usi ck ých ú či nků t aké prot i z ánět l i v ý ú či nek srovnat el n ý s úči nkem h ydroko rt i z o nu, dál e ochr an n ý vl i v na m yši před i oni z uj í cí m z áření m . J eho použ i t í j e kont rai ndi kováno v t ěhot enst ví . Lát k y s podobnou strukturou (vasicinon, AA, R LX nebo brom hex i n) v yk az uj í na d ýcha c í ces t y bronchodi l at a č ní , m ukol y t i ckou či prot i al er gi ckou akt i vi t u. Efedri n, i z ol ován z Ephedra si ni ca, se dří ve použ í val čast o, dnes j e...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which a number of cells and cellular elements play a role. It is a lifetime disease which is not completely curable. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma, oxidative stress being an important one. In healthy humans, the toxicity of free radicals is inhibited by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. In asthmatics, the function of these endogenous systems is impaired. Despite treatment, asthma morbidity and mortality steadily increases. The search for new drugs can be based on the knowledge of the pathological changes associated with the disease, and can also be inspired by folk medicine. As regards the latter approach, new, more potent substances could be obtained by isolation and chemical modification of natural products. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the effects of selected substances on the respiratory system of rats by in vivo and in vitro methods. We investigated the effects of orally administered α-tocopherol on the lung response in an in vivo rat model of allergic asthma. The second part of this thesis deals with natural quinazoline alkaloids (Justicia adhatoda standardized extract, vasicine, vasicinone) and their synthetic analogues, and their relaxant effects on an isolated rat trachea. The...

The thesis is focused on the comparison of functional examination of the patients lungs, before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as on the comparison of physiological data for a individual person with measured values after the disease. The relationship between lung function and smoking, sex, age and time gap after COVID undergone was monitored. The screening was accomplished by spirometry in a pneumology surgery and the obtained data were processed in practical part of my thesis. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis describes the respiratory system and lungs functional testing. In addition, infectious disease COVID-19 is described herein. The aim of the thesis was to select suitable patients, who have suffered from the COVID-19 disease, but without other serious respiratory problems, make a measurements and statistically evaluate the correlation between the measured results. The experiment involved 66 people aged between 21-94, of which 43 were men and 23 women. It has been shown a predominantly negative effect of COVID-19 in the values of the examined indicators in spirometric measurements, similarly, the impairment was seen more in men than in women. The role of younger age has been proven in the better results of spirometric measurements. However, the differences in...

Title: Power output and selected cardiorespiratory parameters in elite athletes during the third to fourth week after COVID-19 infection Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare power output and selected cardiorespiratory parameters in elite athletes before and three to four weeks after COVID- 19 infection. Since the elite athletes undergo these health checks on a yearly basis, it is possible to compare the data before and immediately after the infection without difficulty. Methods: This thesis has a character of a quantitative research based on testing the outcomes with confirming or denying hypotheses. Out of the total of 64 elite athletes with the CPET data after the infection 17 athletes, fulfilling other criteria, were selected. I was provided with the data by Centrum sportovní medicíny z. s.. These values became the foundation for statistical hypotheses testing. Analysis of the data was done by means of a pair t-test in R software. Results: There were no significant differences in the majority of the spirometry parameters. Only the inspiration vital capacity was significantly higher (p = 0,004) after the COVID-19 infection in 14 athletes with 0,21±0,18 l improvement. There were significant differences in five of CPET parameters. Load in RCP was significantly lower (p = 0,011) in 13...

Toxicology of the respiratory system Exposure to chemical substances can cause adverse effects on the respiratory system. Respiratory toxicity can include a variety of acute and chronic pulmonary conditions, including local irritation, bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, fibrosis and cancer. This thesis deals with problems of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of mineral dust into the lungs and reaction of the lung tissue on this dust. It analyses the classification of the most important pneumoconiosis and more closely describes silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and berylliosis.

Mucosal immune system comprises not only the major compartment of the immune system but also important interface with the outer environment. It is responsible in maintaining an intricate balance with the danger and non-danger stimuli of the outer world by employing specific anatomical features and unique functional mechanisms. Mucosal immune system has been long understudied, perhaps due to the limited accessibility, and its biological importance is thus still underevaluated. However, it has become evident that it is important to study mucosal immune system not only in local mucosal affections but also when uncovering pathogenic mechanisms and novel prevention strategies of organ specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Thus, the first, more clinically oriented part of this thesis is focused on mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract in disease conditions - in nasal polyposis (NP). Because there is a substantial accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils in the most frequent type of NP, we investigated and described increased expression of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR3 in NP versus nasal mucosa. Both innate immune mechanisms as well as homeostasis of epithelial cells may participate in NP. We have documented increased numbers of iNOS-positive and insulin-like growth...