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1
Sandage, Steven J., Katharine Hsu Wibberly und Everett L. Worthington. „Christian Counselors’ Resources for Multi-Cultural Understanding and Counseling“. Journal of Psychology and Theology 23, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719502300103.
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Seven resources are discussed that Christian counselors have to offer multi-cultural counseling and understanding: a viable epistemology, a sense of community, a universal story, a recognition of the supernatural, a paradigm for forgiveness, an appreciation for symbols, and a shared experience as a minority. Psychology's response to multi-cultural issues is parallel to the response of Western missionaries encountering cultural pluralism. Suggestions are made to enable Christian counselors to understand the acculturation of their minority clients.
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Gao, Zhan, und Qing Bo Zhu. „Research on the Resource Scheduling in Emergency Response Based on ACA“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (März 2015): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.1003.
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This paper mainly studies the emergency resource scheduling algorithms and optimization problems. Through study the effect of explain emergency supplies of resources system, understanding the characteristics of emergency resource, emergency scheduling characteristics and process, and the characteristics of the demand for resources. Emergency resource scheduling model for emergencies, and emergency management by learning the theory and method of study, effective analysis of disaster impact on resource supply system. Select the appropriate scheduling, to the disaster area resources required for effective and reasonable to rise and scheduling is advantageous to the resource scheduling work smoothly. Emergency resource scheduling model is established, provide certain theoretical support for the actual emergency scheduling decisions.
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Tang, Yi, Lihong Zhou, Jing Cao, Jiangnan Li und Xiaofei Nie. „Integration of Digital Cultural Heritage Resources in China: Understanding Public Expectations“. Libri 68, Nr. 1 (26.03.2018): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2017-0027.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the recent development of the National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project in China. This is a national scale project that was initiated by the Chinese central government and has stimulated immense academic attention. Specifically, this paper attempts to understand people’s expectations and requirements on the project. Moreover, this paper aims to articulate and provide specific and useful suggestions for relevant politicians and project operators so that public expectations and requirements can be carefully met. A survey was used to sample a very large and widely distributed population in China, with a questionnaire designed and disseminated through an online survey service platform. A total of 1,076 usable responses were returned and 29 invalid response cases were discarded, yielding an effective response rate of 97.3 percent. An evident public expectation has emerged from the data collected which shows that the Chinese public primarily expects a comprehensive, convenient and unified one stop online access portal to all types of Chinese digital cultural heritage. This paper is of interest to Chinese government officials as well as professionals working at libraries, museums, archives and other cultural institutions in China. Furthermore, although the context of this study is China, the research findings, insights and experiences gained in this study can be shared across international borders.
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Osen, Holly, Marcy Casement und Fred Sparks. „Validating Marine Oil Spill Response Planning Assumptions and Execution with Analytics Model“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, Nr. 1 (01.05.2017): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.55.
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ABSTRACT # 2017-209 Running a full-scale emergency response operation involves coordinated and interdependent workstreams that must be sufficiently resourced and supported to ensure that objectives are accomplished. Oil spill response planning provides the framework to rapidly scale up those operations and enable essential workstreams through pre-identified resources, facilities, logistics and capabilities. A systematic analysis of response plans can be used to validate an executable tier 1 response based on local capabilities, and provide a basis for planning the strategic cascading of additional resources for tier 2 and 3 responses with consideration for the limiting factors identified through analytics. A proprietary analytics model was developed to examine and validate planning assumptions, resources and logistics against response requirements. The analysis includes a facilitated cross functional plan review using pre-defined response “workstreams” (e.g., shoreline protection and clean-up) broken down by tasks (e.g., SCAT or beach clean-up). For each task, the resources and logistics needed to accomplish the task are defined and evaluated to identify the limited or critical resources (e.g., supervisor qualifications, waste capacity, transportation, etc.). The resource requirements and constraining factors identified through the analysis are compared to the resourcing identified in existing plans and validated by business function representatives to highlight resource gaps and areas for planning and capability improvements. The emergency response planning analytics model was tested using existing oil spill response plans from two business units within the organization. A worst case scenario oil spill simulation was used as the basis for the plan analysis. The analysis produced findings indicating that existing plans were insufficient in specific areas and existing resources would be exhausted before cascaded resources could arrive to support a longer-term response to a major oil spill on water unless alternative resourcing plans were established. Specific gaps in planning, trained personnel, equipment, logistics and support facilities were identified along with recommendations for gap closure. Pilot testing of the analysis tools suggests that effective planning requires a detailed understanding of critical resources, limiting factors and workstream interdependencies so that that the strategies and tactics defined in planning (and those developed during an active response) optimize their use. Additionally, outputs from the model may be used as the basis for increasing local reserves of response equipment and supplies, developing regional mutual aid capabilities and establishing training and exercise objectives.
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Nowacki, Jeffrey, und Dale Willits. „An organizational approach to understanding police response to cybercrime“. Policing: An International Journal 43, Nr. 1 (20.11.2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2019-0117.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Maguire’s (2003) theory of police organizations to explain whether police agencies dedicate specific personnel to cybercrime response. Design/methodology/approach Data from this study come from the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Statistics survey. Maguire’s (2003) theory of the organizational structure of police organizations is used to measure organizational variables related to context, complexity and control. Logistic regression is used to examine whether these organizational characteristics are related to cybercrime response. Findings The results suggest that organizational context, complexity and control are related to cybercrime response. Specifically, in terms of context, larger agencies, agencies whose officers engage in more non-routine tasks, and agencies governed by an active collective bargaining agreement are more likely to dedicate specific resources to cybercrime. In terms of complexity, agencies with more hierarchical layers, agencies that utilize more specialization and agencies that make greater use of civilian employees are more likely to dedicate specific personnel to cybercrime. Finally, regarding control, agencies that assign non-sworn personnel to administrative tasks are more likely to dedicate resources to cybercrime response. Originality/value This study is one of the first to use this framework to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics and cybercrime response. It shows that this perspective can be useful for understanding police organizations and police policies, programs and strategies.
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Rusman Frendika, Sri Suwarsi und Susilo Setiyawan. „Exploring Human Resource Factors Based Entrepreneurship“. Journal of Management and Energy Business 1, Nr. 1 (16.11.2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54595/jmeb.v1i1.13.
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Entrepreneurial opportunities arise when certain individuals have insight into the value of resources that others do not have. Entrepreneurial vigilance, entrepreneurial knowledge, and the ability to coordinate resources as their own. This study is intended to advance our understanding of human resource factors based on entrepreneurship. A total of 175 questionnaires were sent to HRM managers, and 150 received back is 86% response rate of 175 SMEs. Factor analysis is used to assess the underlying structure of human resources. Responses to the HRM and entrepreneurship items were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study identify that the human resource factors that greatly influence entrepreneurship are Entrepreneurial Ability and Entrepreneurial Innovation, Entrepreneurial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Knowledge, and Entrepreneurial Competence.
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Branson, David H. „Reproduction and survival in Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in response to resource availability and population density: the role of exploitative competition“. Canadian Entomologist 135, Nr. 3 (Juni 2003): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-061.
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AbstractThe relative importance of exploitative competition for resources on grasshopper reproductive allocation has not been fully examined. Given the large fluctuations in grasshopper densities that periodically occur in western North America, an increased understanding of how grasshopper survival and reproduction vary in response to intraspecific densities and per capita resource availability is important. I examined if exploitative resource competition could explain variation in reproductive allocation in Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) in response to resource availability and grasshopper population density. I also examined whether individual differences in competitive ability resulted in increased variance in egg production with low per capita resource availability. As expected with exploitative resource competition, per capita resource availability explained a significant amount of the variation in all reproductive characteristics examined. There was no effect of per capita resource availability on survival. Residuals of the regressions of egg production and vitellogenesis versus per capita resource availability did not differ for resource or density treatments, indicating that exploitative competition for resources played a more important role than interference competition in determining reproductive allocation in M. sanguinipes. Individual differences were evident, as variation around the mean of egg production increased with resource limitation. Exploitative competition for resources was important in determining both individual and population-level reproductive responses of grasshoppers to resource availability.
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Roux, Theunis. „UNDERSTANDING GROOTBOOM — A RESPONSE TO CASS R. SUNSTEIN“. Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 12, Nr. 1, 2 & 3 (24.07.2011): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9s953.
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In a typically thought-provoking essay on the significance of the recent judgment of the South African Constitutional Court in Grootboom,1 Cass R. Sunstein welcomes the contribution of this “extraordinary decision” to the international debate over the justiciability of socio-economic rights.2 In particular, he argues that the decision provides a partial answer to the objection that the judicial enforcement of such rights inevitably requires courts to assume “an unacceptable managerial role.”3 On Professor Sunstein’s reading, the Court in Grootboom successfully steers a middle course between the Scylla of complete enforceability and the Charybdis of non- justiciability. It does so by adopting what is in effect an “administrative law model of socio-economic rights,” one which reads such rights as giving courts the power to order government to “devote more resources than it otherwise would” to the regulatory problem at issue.
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Morrow, Angeline, Christopher Pfeifer, Victoria Broje und Rachel Grunberg. „Why Sample? - Understanding Common Sampling Objectives for Oil Spill Response“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, Nr. 1 (01.05.2017): 2561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2561.
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ABSTRACT #2017-204: There is a growing recognition of the role science plays in supporting oil spill response coupled with increasing reliance on data-driven management and decision-making approaches. Collecting samples for analysis of hydrocarbons and other chemicals potentially used during oil spill response (e.g., dispersants) has become common place on many spills. While the rationale and approaches for oil spill sampling may be well known to experienced chemists and environmental scientists, the response community is still gaining experience in integrating sampling programs into dynamic oil spill response and decision-making. This paper reviews common sampling objectives for three key aspects of spill response: operational decision-support, environmental impact assessment (including natural resource damage assessment), and source identification. These broad categories span a range of interrelated sub-topics including, among others, public/worker health and safety; understanding how physical and chemical properties of oil influence selection of response options; monitoring cleanup effectiveness, especially for alternative response technologies such as dispersants; identifying and differentiating between spill and non-spill pollution sources; and evaluating potential impacts to resources at risk. Methods for achieving sampling objectives, including development of Sampling and Analysis Plans, are discussed with the goal of increasing awareness among response managers and improving response capability among staff who may be tasked with sampling support during training exercises or actual incidents. Relevant considerations for study design, collection methods, and analytical parameters are also reviewed.
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Horan, PhD, Kristin A., Blake Scott, MPH, Ahlam Farzan, MD, Marian L. Ortíz-Aponte, MS, Alejandra Rivera-García, MS, Jennifer Marshall, PhD, Anthony J. Masys, PhD, Mindy Shoss, PhD, Adriana Campos, MPH und Lida Orta-Anés, PhD. „Understanding recovery and resilience from natural disasters in hospitality organizations“. Journal of Emergency Management 19, Nr. 8 (01.09.2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0643.
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Extreme weather events, such as Hurricane María, shed light on the importance of understanding the factors that promote resilience, defined as bouncing back after adverse events. The current study took a qualitative focus group approach toward understanding resilience in employees of the hospitality industry after Hurricane María. The hospitality industry plays an important role in disaster responses due to its role in supporting local and national economies, job stability for vulnerable employees, and in supporting response efforts, eg, housing aid workers. Through a series of indepth focus groups, employees from San Juan, Puerto Rico and surrounding areas shared their Hurricane María experiences in terms of themselves as individuals, their workplaces, and their community. Major themes focused on the importance of the preparedness phase of the disaster response timeline, measuring impact and response on multiple levels in interdependent systems, creating and promoting awareness of resources, and acknowledging both struggle and strength when conceptualizing transformative potential. These findings can inform actionable strategies for individuals, organizations, and communities.
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Carter, Sunshine Jacinda. „Adoption of NISO’s Shared Electronic Resource Understanding (SERU) at US Academic Libraries“. Library Resources & Technical Services 63, Nr. 4 (07.11.2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.63n4.185.
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Following the emergence of electronic resources (e-resources), librarians developed licensing guidelines, standards, models, and understandings to educate, increase efficiencies, and retain rights afforded by copyright law. To reduce licensing burdens, the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) released the Shared E-Resource Understanding (SERU) in 2008, a set of “understandings” created and agreed upon by libraries and vendors. The author conducted a survey in 2017 of licensing practices and SERU use at libraries. The survey analyzed 108 responses from US academic libraries signing at least one license in the twelve months preceding the survey.
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Palamara, Gian Marco, José A. Capitán und David Alonso. „The Stochastic Nature of Functional Responses“. Entropy 23, Nr. 5 (07.05.2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050575.
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Functional responses are non-linear functions commonly used to describe the variation in the rate of consumption of resources by a consumer. They have been widely used in both theoretical and empirical studies, but a comprehensive understanding of their parameters at different levels of description remains elusive. Here, by depicting consumers and resources as stochastic systems of interacting particles, we present a minimal set of reactions for consumer resource dynamics. We rigorously derived the corresponding system of ODEs, from which we obtained via asymptotic expansions classical 2D consumer-resource dynamics, characterized by different functional responses. We also derived functional responses by focusing on the subset of reactions describing only the feeding process. This involves fixing the total number of consumers and resources, which we call chemostatic conditions. By comparing these two ways of deriving functional responses, we showed that classical functional response parameters in effective 2D consumer-resource dynamics differ from the same parameters obtained by measuring (or deriving) functional responses for typical feeding experiments under chemostatic conditions, which points to potential errors in interpreting empirical data. We finally discuss possible generalizations of our models to systems with multiple consumers and more complex population structures, including spatial dynamics. Our stochastic approach builds on fundamental ecological processes and has natural connections to basic ecological theory.
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Abdullah, Elias, Mutahira Lone, James J. Cray, Peter Dvoracek und Joy Y. Balta. „Medical Students’ Opinions of Anatomy Teaching Resources and Their Role in Achieving Learning Outcomes“. Medical Science Educator 31, Nr. 6 (15.10.2021): 1903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01436-2.
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AbstractSeveral teaching resources are used to enhance the learning of anatomy. The purpose of this study was to examine the preference of medical students on the use of various resources to learn anatomy and their link to 12 learning outcomes. A selected response item questionnaire was administered that asked students to rank six laboratory teaching resources from most to least preferred, and rate how useful these six resources were towards achieving 12 learning outcomes. These learning outcomes covered many of the learning domains such as demonstrating an understanding of anatomy, visualizing structures, appreciating clinical correlations, and understanding anatomical variations. Medical students ranked cadaveric prosections paired with an active learning clinical tutorial as the highest rank and most useful resource for learning anatomy, followed by dissection videos, electronic resources, and printed material, followed by plastinated specimens and plastic models. Overall, cadaveric prosections were also rated as the most helpful teaching resource in achieving various learning outcomes. In conclusion, anatomy teachers should provide prosections coupled with clinical tutorials as well as electronic resources as students prefer these and think they help them learn anatomy. Future studies will investigate the impact of using these resources on students’ performance.
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Gilang Ramadhan, Gusti. „Natuna Fisheries Resources: DPSIR Framework“. International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics (SINOMICS JOURNAL) 2, Nr. 1 (30.04.2023): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/sj.v2i1.116.
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Natuna Waters have a high potential for fishery resources, including fish, shrimp, and other marine products. However, the potential faces serious problems, such as overfishing, illegal fishing, and conflict between local fishermen and high-tech foreign fishermen. In this paper, we apply the DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impact, and Response) framework to analyze the potential and problems of Natuna fisheries resources. We identified the driving and pressure factors affecting the condition of the waters, as well as the resulting impacts. We also discuss the responses that have been and are being made to address the issue. The results of the analysis showed that Natuna waters are under great pressure from human activities, especially overfishing and illegal fishing, which harm the sustainability of fishing resources in Natuna. This paper contributes to the understanding of the potential and problems of marine resources of Natuna waters, as well as informing policymakers about the policies that need to be taken to maintain the sustainability of marine resources (especially fisheries) in the region.
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Belval, Erin J., Yu Wei, David E. Calkin, Crystal S. Stonesifer, Matthew P. Thompson und John R. Tipton. „Studying interregional wildland fire engine assignments for large fire suppression“. International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, Nr. 7 (2017): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16162.
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One crucial component of large fire response in the United States (US) is the sharing of wildland firefighting resources between regions: resources from regions experiencing low fire activity supplement resources in regions experiencing high fire activity. An important step towards improving the efficiency of resource sharing and related policies is to develop a better understanding of current assignment patterns. In this paper we examine the set of interregional wildland fire engine assignments for incidents in California and the Southwest Geographic Coordination Areas, utilising data from the Resource Ordering and Status System. We study a set of multinomial logistic models to examine seasonal and regional patterns affecting the probabilities of interregional resource assignments. This provides a quantitative and objective way to identify the factors strongly influencing interregional assignments. We found that the fire activity in the regions significantly affects response probabilities, as does the season and the national preparedness level. Because our models indicate significant unexplained variation, even when accounting for fire activity, seasonality and resource scarcity, we hypothesise that the existing system could benefit from future research.
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Anandhi, Aavudai, Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Puneet Srivastava, Robert M. Aiken, Gabriel Senay, L. Ruby Leung und Indrajeet Chaubey. „DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) Framework: Synthesis, Foundational Overview, and Expert Case Studies“. Transactions of the ASABE 63, Nr. 3 (2020): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13516.
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Highlights A new DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework for land-resource assessment is presented. We broadly define a land-resource target system to include ecological resources and socioeconomic systems. DEVA operationalizes the process of assessing the vulnerability of a target system to external stressors. Six case studies provide examples of the key DEVA concepts and the seven DEVA steps. Abstract. Land resources are central to understanding the relationship between humans and their environment. We broadly define land resources to include all the ecological resources of climate, water, soil, landforms, flora, and fauna and all the socioeconomic systems that interact with agriculture, forestry, and other land uses within some system boundary. Understanding the vulnerability of land resources to changes in land management or climate forcing is critical to developing sustainable land management strategies. Vulnerability assessments are complex, given the multiple uses of the assessments, the multi-disciplinary nature of the problem, limited understanding, the dynamic structure of vulnerability, scale issues, and problems with identifying effective vulnerability indicators. Here, we propose a novel conceptual framework for vulnerability assessments of land resources that combines the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework adopted by the European Environment Agency to describe interactions between society and the environment, and the exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity (ESA) framework used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to assess impacts of climate change. The DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework operationalizes the process of assessing the vulnerability of a target system to external stressors. The DEVA framework includes seven steps: (1) definition of the target system (land resource), (2) description of internal characteristics of the target system (state), (3) description of target system vulnerability indicators (adaptive capacity, sensitivity), (4) description of stressor characteristics (drivers, pressures), (5) description of stressor vulnerability indicators (exposure), (6) description of target system response to stressors (impacts), and (7) description of modifications to target system or stressors (responses). In stating that they have applied the DEVA framework, analysts acknowledge that they (1) have considered the full breadth of each DEVA element, (2) have made conscious decisions to limit the scope and complexity of certain elements, and (3) can communicate both the rationale for these decisions and the impact of these decisions on the vulnerability assessment results and recommendations. The DEVA framework was refined during invited presentations and follow-up discussions at a series of special sessions with leading experts at two successive ASABE Annual International Meetings. Six case studies drawn from the sessions elaborate on the DEVA framework and provide examples of the key concepts. The DEVA framework gives engineers, planners, and analysts a flexible new approach to apply a broad array of useful tools for vulnerability assessment of land resource systems. Keywords: Driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework, Exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity (ESA) framework, DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework, Land resource, Systems thinking.
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Santana, Stefani Caroline Antunes, und Ibraim Fantin da Cruz. „Fostering Understanding of Water Resources Through an Interactive Sandbox: An Approach in Environmental Education“. Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 9, Nr. 2 (16.12.2024): 181–89. https://doi.org/10.18554/rbcti.v9i2.8096.
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The two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional relief forms is often challenging for children and adolescents and can create obstacles in the learning process of topics related to water resources. This study proposes the conception and implementation of an interactive sandbox as a valuable educational tool for teaching water resources in elementary and secondary schools. The project involves constructing a sandbox equipped with sensors capable of identifying surface alterations, allowing students to create and modify interactive landscapes through visualization, thereby facilitating the learning process. The methodology adopted comprised three fundamental stages: assembling the sandbox, installing technological devices (including a Kinect depth sensor and a computer), and applying the 3D sandbox as an educational resource. Handling this tool provided students with the opportunity to visualize relief forms, exemplify water systems, and simulate phenomena such as rainfall and surface runoff. The presentation of the project in public schools elicited a highly positive response, as the visual appeal of the sandbox captivated and intrigued the audience, regardless of age or educational level. Thus, the sandbox demonstrated its potential as a promising tool, capable of being applied at various levels of education, providing an immersive and engaging understanding of concepts, stimulating exploration, analysis, and decision-making related to water resource management.
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Wu, Danxian, Xiaolu Gao, Zhifei Xie und Zening Xu. „Understanding the Unmet Needs among Community-Dwelling Disabled Older People from a Linkage Perspective“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (06.01.2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020389.
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One of the challenges in response to population aging is to meet needs for elderly care among older people especially for those who want to age in their homes or communities. However, disabled older people have more challenges due to their restricted mobility to access care resources than non-disabled ones. We propose a new framework based on the changing relationship between older people and their environment, in which resource linkage in elderly care utilization is emphasized. We conducted a survey with 139 participants (i.e., older people age 60 years or over with different level of disabilities) in three types of neighborhoods in Beijing, China. By conducting a decision tree analysis under the Person-Environment Link (P-E Link) model, we (1) characterized unmet needs for elderly care (activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assistance) among community-dwelling disabled older people; (2) found disabled older people had more unmet needs for both ADL and IADL assistance because of a lack in linkages to care resources than non-disabled ones; and (3) characterized the linkages to care resources for better supporting disabled older people to age in place, including family support, social connection, and spatial environment. Our findings help improve the Anderson behavioral model by characterizing enabling environments, which highlights that not only the availability of enabling resources but also linkages to these enabling resources play an important role in meeting needs for care among disabled older people. Our findings can also inform improvements in policy design that are targeted to reduce elderly care inequalities.
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Paudel, Shreyasha, Wendy Norris und Robert Soden. „Aftermath: Infrastructure, Resources, and Organizational Adaptation in the Wake of Disaster“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CSCW1 (17.04.2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3637294.
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Informal and emergent organizations play a vital role in disaster response, and are a central concern to crisis informatics. Prior research in the field has tended to focus on the activities of individual organizations during periods of disaster. Though unsurprising, this focus has led to limited understanding of the origins and long-term trajectories of these organizations or their participation in broader networks of informal response, whose individual membership, ideologies, and practices are often fluid and overlapping. In this paper, we examine the activities of informal organizations that mobilized in response to the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 17 participants, we identify five categories of resources - funding, people, information, skills, and shared values - that these organizations mobilized to sustain themselves and continue their activities long after the immediate disaster abated. We contribute insights into the adaptation decisions of emergent organizations, guidance in understanding these decisions in relation to their social and historical context, and considerations for how long-term, network-oriented studies can help address some of the contemporary challenges in crisis-informatics research.
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Gowing, Jeremy, Carey Mather, Shandell Elmer und Elizabeth Cummings. „Hospital Workforce Education and Training for Emergency Management and Disaster Response in Complex Settings.“ Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (Mai 2023): s139—s140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23003679.
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Introduction:Understanding how to best prepare hospital staff for disasters or emergencies is critical, as there is increasing frequency and scope of these events. Considerations include: identifying key staff, their roles, strategies to support continuity of care, delivery mode of education, and resource allocation.Method:Participants experienced in disasters and major emergencies or preparation at three tertiary referral teaching hospitals were purposively selected during 2016 and 2019. An interpretive paradigm and case study design enabled the exploration of perspectives concerning effective and preferred methods for preparedness. Fifty-five allied health professionals, medical practitioners, and nurses participated in semi-structured interviews; and support staff participated in focus groups.Results:Key findings: 1. Recognition that allied health professionals and support staff are essential and must be included in disaster or major emergency preparation and plans. 2. Factors that increase the likelihood of staff deciding to be absent from work include: perception of danger, insufficient understanding of responsibilities, and hospital preparation is perceived inadequate. Staff understanding their role has a positive influence for attendance and coping during disasters. 3. Preferred and most effective method of disaster preparedness is practical learning, combined with other preparation methods. Online learning as the major mode was unpopular. 4. Challenges of inadequate resources limits managers’ ability to facilitate staff preparation and care delivery during disasters. Resources affect method, duration and multidisciplinary inclusion in disaster preparation.Conclusion:This research found disaster preparedness in hospitals is critical. Site and occupation specific differences need to be addressed. To mitigate impacts of disasters or major emergencies, preparation must include identification of required resources. Disaster preparedness and management must be inclusive of multidisciplinary staff, including allied health and support staff. Facilitation of role understanding to promote continuity of care during disasters or major emergencies is imperative to promote staff participation and effectiveness in response to disasters.
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Lyon, Katie M., Heidi R. Huber-Stearns, Cassandra Moseley, Christopher Bone und Nathan A. Mosurinjohn. „Sharing contracted resources for fire suppression: engine dispatch in the Northwestern United States“. International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, Nr. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16100.
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As demand for wildfire response resources grows across the globe, a central challenge is developing new and flexible systems and capacity to ensure that resources needed for fire response arrive when and where they are needed. Private contractors have become increasingly important in providing equipment and services to support agency wildfire suppression needs in the USA. Understanding the capacity of contracted resources for federal agency fire suppression needs is critical for preseason fire planning and response. Using National Resource Ordering and Status System data, we examined Northwest region engine dispatches from 2008 to 2015. The number of times and days engines were out on assignments increased over the study period, and dispatch centres routinely shared engines within and outside their geographic area. However, in 2015, not all of the available engines were recorded as utilised at peak demand during one of the largest fire seasons in the Northwest. This study provides insight into the ways in which fire managers share important resources such as engines and the information they have available to make decisions during an incident, and raises questions about what the right amount of capacity is to be able to respond in extreme fire years.
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Wadsworth, Tim. „Country Profiles: A Summary of Oil Spill Response Arrangements and Resources Worldwide“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1189.
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ABSTRACT To assist shipowners comply with their requirements under the international conventions, International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF) has produced a series of Country Profiles. These documents are intended to provide a greater overall understanding of oil spill response and state of preparedness nationally, and to promote co-operation between shipowners and the various government and private bodies involved in such matters. The Profiles, available to all via the Internet (at www.itopf.com/country_profiles), cover approximately 160 maritime nations and allow users to obtain a quick snapshot of national response arrangements.
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Smolović Jones, Owain, Sanela Smolović Jones und Keith Grint. „Understanding sovereign leadership as a response to terrorism: A post-foundational analysis“. Organization 27, Nr. 4 (14.03.2019): 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508419834128.
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This study seeks to better understand how notions of sovereign power as a response to terrorism are built and bolstered through use of the signifier ‘leadership’. Through a post-foundational analysis of the speeches, press conferences and writings of former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, we theorise ‘sovereign leadership’ as the deployment of the signifier leadership in ways that foreclose language so as to normalise the discourse and acts of sovereign power. Our key finding is that sovereign leadership offers a (misleadingly) straightforward solution to the complex problem of terrorism through foreclosing language so that alternative responses are excluded. In exploring articulations of sovereign leadership, we illuminate its contingency, and therefore, also its contestability, within a system of discursive resources. We posit three foreclosing moments that are drawn upon to bolster the urgency, affective salience and justness of sovereign leadership: emergency, positivity and vulnerability. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of our study for interpreting articulations of leadership in everyday organisational and political life.
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Kellett, Peter, und Hülya Turgut Yýldýz. „Editorial: Understanding and Researching Traditional Environments“. Open House International 31, Nr. 4 (01.12.2006): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2006-b0001.
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During the 20th century, accelerating developments in construction, transportion and information technologies have made it possible to create environments almost anywhere on the planet which are no longer a product of locally available resources nor a response to local climatic conditions. Perhaps more critically still, the intimate interrelationship between built environments and the cultural values of those who build and inhabit them have been fractured. It is now possible to construct buildings and places which respond to the value systems of lifestyles and decision makers on different continents. We are all too familiar with these examples of universal design which reflect and privilege the values of so-called global culture at the expense of local cultures.
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Cowell, Margaret, Sarah Lyon-Hill und Scott Tate. „It takes all kinds: understanding diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems“. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, Nr. 2 (14.05.2018): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2017-0064.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems with both rural and urban features, as well as the varied system requirements of differing types of entrepreneurs within such an ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed-methods case study approach, the study examined the Roanoke–Blacksburg region in western Virginia. Researchers conducted quantitative analysis of entrepreneurial metrics and network relationships, as well as qualitative analysis of data collected through entrepreneur surveys and stakeholder interviews. Findings Findings suggest entrepreneurs of different types faced disparate challenges and uneven access to resources and networks. Innovation-driven “gazelle” enterprises (IDEs) had numerous growth-related resource needs, including angel, venture and scale-up funding; prototyping equipment and facilities; and translational research by local universities. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) required more entrepreneurial education programming, subsidized main street office space and clearer pathways through the government regulatory system. A key finding was also concerned with the different ways by which IDEs and SMEs accessed key resources within the ecosystem, illustrated through social network analysis, and supported through qualitative feedback. Research limitations/implications Study findings were limited by a relatively low survey response rate from some entrepreneur demographic segments, particularly minorities. Originality/value The study represents an in-depth, multi-methods approach that offers insight into two under-researched areas in the ecosystem literature: the dynamics of urban – rural ecosystems and the varied system requirements of different entrepreneur types. The paper includes three overarching recommendations for policy and practice: improved collection and sharing of regional metrics; differentiated approaches to entrepreneurial support based on entrepreneur type; and enhanced efforts to advance inclusive entrepreneurship.
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Newton, Fiona J., Den-Ching A. Lee und Sara Brito. „Understanding and optimising support resources to facilitate CALD student and supervisor allied health fieldwork experiences“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 8 (10.08.2023): e0289871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289871.
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Background Although fieldwork supervisors and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students can experience challenges during allied health placements, there is little holistic understanding of how they view and use support resources to address these challenges. This study sought to identify, codify, and map the perceived value attached to support resources used or sought by CALD students and fieldwork supervisors and to ascertain areas where they could be optimised and better presented to users. Methods We conducted a thematic analysis to examine interview and open-ended survey responses from CALD students (n = 18) and fieldwork supervisors (n = 161) respectively. Findings The six generated themes depicted different patterns of perceived value in university and non-university support resources and spanned three levels of specificity: general, discipline-contextualised, and individualised. Fieldwork supervisors valued a staged approach to support resource design and use for CALD students commencing with general level resources to build foundational language skills and socio-cultural familiarisation and moving on to include disciple-contextualised supports, preplacement mechanisms to monitor student readiness, and formalised mechanisms to enable tailoring of placements. CALD students, however, often undervalued institutional general resources relative to discipline-contextualised resources. The commonality of support resources valued and sought by supervisors from different fields suggests they could be optimised for delivery via an inter-professional community of practice. Conclusion Identifying and mapping the perceived value attached to support resources provides actionable insights into how to enhance the ‘fit’ between resources and user needs. Drawing the often-fragmented support resources into a cohesive ecosystem focused around perceived value at different levels of specificity allows CALD students and educators to better conceptualise the types of benefits that can accrue from taking a broader and staged approach to fieldwork placement preparations. Knowing this ecosystem encapsulates what prior uses find of value may enhance perceptions of resource relevance in the minds of new users.
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Silva, Maria Virginia Oliveira da, Julia Caram Sfair, Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola, Francisca Soares de Araújo, Peter Watson Moonlight und Ítalo Antônio Cotta Coutinho. „What’s on the Menu? Floral Exudate Composition in Areas Subjected to Different Levels of Abiotic Severity“. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 18, Nr. 1 (01.01.2025): 284–97. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v18.1.p284-297.
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Resource allocation in floral exudate composition is a trade-off between energy cost to the plant and pollinator reward. For example, carbohydrates offer less reward to pollinators but at less cost to the plant when compared with lipids. We suggest plant and community allocation to carbohydrates and lipids may vary across environmental gradients, with plants in resource-limited communities able to allocate fewer resources to higher-cost compounds in floral exudates. Plant and community resource allocation is important for understanding the behavior of pollinators and understanding how it relates to environment may help predict changes in behavior in response to climate change. In this study, we characterized the composition of floral exudates across three sites across a water resource availability gradient. Our results allow us to reject the hypothesis that fewer resources are allocated to pollinator reward in water-poor environments and we suggest that this may be due to increased pollinator competition. Our results also highlight the prevalence of pectins in floral exudates in drier environments, supporting the hypothesis that pectins are required to prevent exudates from crystallizing in drier environments.
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Pokharel, Kushal, Kamal Devkota, Harry Fischer, Dil Khatri und Gyanu Maskey. „Implications of decentralisation for disaster governance in Nepal’s federalism: Case study of COVID-19 response of four selected local governments“. New Angle: Nepal journal of social science and public policy 8, Nr. 1 (24.08.2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53037/na.v8i1.70.
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Nepal’s entry into federalism in 2015 resulted in a decentralised governance structure with constitutionally mandated legislative, executive and judicial functions for local governments. Existing research shows that devolving discretionary authority and resources to local governments is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for effective local responses during crises. However, there remains a need for deeper understanding about what makes local governments effective in responding to people’s needs during crisis times. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research analyses how decentralisation shapes local government responses in times of distress. We ask: How did local governments in Nepal respond to urgent needs during the COVID-19 pandemic – and what has been learned from this crisis that can make local governments better prepared for future challenges? Findings of this study show that the effective governance response to the crisis depends on several factors such as existing infrastructure development, availability of human and financial resources, political connections of local leadership, and local leaders’ ability to envision and execute the plans in a highly uncertain and quickly developing situation. The local government’s response to COVID-19 in Nepal shows the important role of decentralised local governance in combating crises, but there remain several critical challenges to make local governments more effective. In particular, we argue that it is essential to ensure sustained access to financial resources, strengthen human resource capabilities through training and capacity building activities, and prepare local governments to deliver important services in the context of disaster situations.
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Deitz, George D., Susan W. Myers und Marla R. Stafford. „Understanding Consumer Response to Sponsorship Information: A Resource-Matching Approach“. Psychology and Marketing 29, Nr. 4 (29.03.2012): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20517.
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Polinsky, Maria, und Gregory Scontras. „Understanding heritage languages“. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, Nr. 1 (14.06.2019): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000245.
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AbstractWith a growing interest in heritage languages from researchers of bilingualism and linguistic theory, the field of heritage-language studies has begun to build on its empirical foundations, moving toward a deeper understanding of the nature of language competence under unbalanced bilingualism. In furtherance of this trend, the current work synthesizes pertinent empirical observations and theoretical claims about vulnerable and robust areas of heritage language competence into early steps toward a model of heritage-language grammar. We highlight two key triggers for deviation from the relevant baseline: the quantity and quality of the input from which the heritage grammar is acquired, and the economy of online resources when operating in a less dominant language. In response to these triggers, we identify three outcomes of deviation in the heritage grammar: an avoidance of ambiguity, a resistance to irregularity, and a shrinking of structure. While we are still a ways away from a level of understanding that allows us to predict those aspects of heritage grammar that will be robust and those that will deviate from the relevant baselines, our hope is that the current work will spur the continued development of a predictive model of heritage language competence.
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Souza, Paulo Vitor Souza de, Lucas Teles de Alcantara und Adriana Marques. „Federal Public Resources in Response to Natural Disasters in Rio Grande do Sul“. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, Nr. 6 (08.08.2024): e08075. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-193.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the sources and allocation of federal public resources applied to natural disasters in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul in 2024. Theoretical Framework: Based on Public Choice Theory, the study investigates how self-interests can influence the allocation of public resources, which is relevant in the context of Brazilian public administration. Method: Using a descriptive and documentary approach, this qualitative research collected data from provisional measures and the Transparency Portal, analyzing the sources and amounts of funds quantitatively and their allocations qualitatively through the lens of Public Choice Theory. Results and Discussion: Most of the funds come from Official Credit Operations (41.80%) and Federal Financial Charges (13.97%). The allocation covers a range of areas from climate change mitigation to support for microenterprises. The diversity of allocations suggests an effort to meet multiple emerging needs and maximize political benefits, reflecting the influence of self-interests in public management. Research Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in public management, especially in disaster situations. By revealing how resources are allocated and identifying potential influences of self-interests, the research contributes to the formulation of more efficient and equitable public policies. Detailed understanding of the allocations can improve accountability and integrity in resource allocation, promoting governance practices that increase public trust in government actions. Originality/Value: Applying Public Choice Theory, this study offers insights into the efficiency and equity of resource allocation for natural disasters in Rio Grande do Sul, contributing to the literature on disaster management and public administration in Brazil.
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Wilson, Page. „An Arctic ‘cold rush’? Understanding Greenland's (in)dependence question“. Polar Record 53, Nr. 5 (September 2017): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224741700047x.
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ABSTRACTOver the last decade claims that an Arctic ‘cold rush’ is taking place have intensified. Proponents of the argument contend that the unprecedented effects of climate change plus strong global demand for the region's natural resources are creating the conditions for a future economic boom. In both of these respects, Greenland merits particular attention. Some recent predictions suggest great riches accruing to Greenland, on account of its abundance of oil, gas and mineral deposits; as a consequence, some further argue, Greenlandic independence from Denmark is assured. In response, this article contests these arguments. For now, the natural and mineral resource sector in Greenland is tiny, and thus it is still much too soon to know whether it will even deliver the dazzling economic outcome forecast – let alone whether or not this outcome will benefit Greenland. In addition, the question of Greenlandic independence does not simply boil down to economics, but also raises various social, political, legal and strategic issues which are not easily resolvable. Consequently, Greenland's independence from Denmark is not simply a matter of time, but remains very much an open question.
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Crawley, Heaven. „Managing the Unmanageable? Understanding Europe's Response to the Migration ‘Crisis’“. Human Geography 9, Nr. 2 (Juli 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861600900202.
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More than 1 million people have crossed the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas since January 2015, arriving on the beaches of Southern Europe in dinghies and rickety boats, having paid a smuggler to facilitate their journey. Most are refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, and Somalia who are fleeing conflict and violence. Others are migrants from West and Central Africa, seeking a livelihood and a future for themselves and their families. This paper will unpack the evolution of the European policy response, arguing that the migration ‘crisis’ is not a reflection of numbers – which pale into insignificance relative to the number of refugees in other countries outside Europe or to those moving in and out of Europe on tourist, student and work visas – but rather a crisis of political solidarity. After five emergency summits to agree a common response, EU politicians are still struggling to come to terms with the dynamics of migration to Europe, the complexity of motivations driving people forward, the role of different institutions, including governments, international organizations, NGOs and civil society, in facilitating the journey, and the ways in which social media is providing individuals and families with information about the options and possibilities that are, or are not, available to them. I suggest that the unwillingness of politicians and policymakers to engage with research evidence on the dynamics of migration and to harness their combined resources to address the consequences of conflict and underdevelopment elsewhere, speaks more strongly to the current state of the European Union than it does to the realities of contemporary migration.
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Murdy, Steven, Scott J. Steele und Joan E. Adamo. „2409“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.143.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To develop a regulatory science case study as an educational resource to inform the regulatory science considerations in medical product development for a range of scientific priority areas and emerging technologies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Precision medicine represents one of the major regulatory science priority areas and the use of biomarkers holds promise for predicting the response to individual treatment strategies. Although progress has been made toward developing biomarkers, the development and validation of clinically useful biomarkers has presented significant regulatory science challenges, including the utilization of biomarkers in predicting responses to different cancer therapies. This case study reviews the technical, regulatory, and policy issues related to the development and use of lung cancer drugs Opdivo® and Keytruda® and an understanding of the codevelopment and utilization of their associated biomarkers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A detailed instructor guide with extensive resources such as diagrams and timelines will accompany the case study and will be used to highlight the development and approval process of 2 competing drugs and their associated biomarkers. The resources will provide a better understanding of their progression through the FDA regulatory process and opportunities and challenges for their use. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Building on the case study framework we have developed, the detailed timelines and a collection of available resources, an extensive and modular case study will be finalized and made available to academic institutions, industry, regulatory agencies, and the public. The full case study and links to a series of resources will be disseminated as a standalone resource for integration into courses or programs interested in learning about specific regulatory science needs and opportunities to enhance medical product development and approval.
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Skidmore, Michael, Janice Goldstraw-White und Martin Gill. „Vulnerability as a driver of the police response to fraud“. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 6, Nr. 1 (29.01.2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-11-2019-0068.
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Purpose Frameworks for understanding victim harm and vulnerability have become central to priority-setting and resource allocation for decision-makers in the police and government in the UK. This paper aims to look at the meaning of vulnerability in the context of fraud. Design/methodology/approach The research took a mixed methods approach, including analysis of national crime data (n = 61,902), qualitative data collected from interviews with practitioners (n = 107) and a survey of strategic lead officers in the police (n = 32). Findings There was a lack of clarity across practitioners and organisations in their understanding of vulnerability and the way it informed the police response to fraud, and a lack of resources and capability for identifying it. Research limitations/implications The authors invite reconsideration of the approach to fraud victims which have for too long been forgotten by response and support agencies. Practical implications We need to standardise and agree the definition of “vulnerability”; rethink eligibility levels; and refocus police on fraud victims taking vulnerability as a meaningful criterion in deciding who to support. Originality/value There is very little research on vulnerability and fraud victims; this paper, based on original research, fills this gap.
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Hewson, Roger. „Understanding Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers: Virus Diversity, Vector Ecology, and Public Health Strategies“. Pathogens 13, Nr. 10 (18.10.2024): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100909.
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Viral haemorrhagic fevers encompass a diverse group of severe, often life-threatening illnesses caused by viruses from multiple families, including Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Phenuiviridae. Characterised by fever and haemorrhagic symptoms, these diseases challenge public health systems by overwhelming healthcare facilities, complicating diagnostic processes, and requiring extensive resources for containment and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings. This discussion explores the intricate relationships between VHFs and their transmission vectors—both animal and arthropod—and examines the impact of ecological and geographic factors on disease spread. The primary transmission of VHFs typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or via bites from haematophagous arthropods, facilitating zoonotic and, at times, human-to-human transmission. With an emphasis on the role of diverse wildlife, domesticated animals, and vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks in the epidemiology of VHFs, there is a recognised need for robust surveillance and strategic public health responses to manage outbreaks. This review discusses the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate virology, ecology, and public health to enhance diagnostic capabilities, develop vaccines and antivirals, and improve outbreak interventions. Exploring the ecological and biological dynamics of VHFs will help bolster a deeper understanding of these emerging viruses and underpin preparation for future outbreaks. The importance of enhanced global cooperation, continuous research, and collaboration to mitigate the public health threats posed by these complex infections is a central theme, serving as a foundational strategy to reinforce worldwide preparedness and response efforts. Future directions include addressing gaps in vaccine development and tailoring public health strategies to the unique challenges of managing VHFs, such as the rapid mutation rates of viruses, the need for cold chain logistics for vaccine distribution, and socio-economic barriers to healthcare access, in order to ensure readiness for and effective response to emerging threats worldwide.
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Taseer Suleman und Nadia Liaquat. „The Cyber Security Incident Response and Reverse Engineering“. International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, Nr. 4 (15.12.2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0604113.
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Although incident response has always been a crucial component of information security, security administrators frequently ignore it. Whereas, Reverse engineering focuses on the difficult issue of analyzing legacy software code in the absence of appropriate documentation. This paper proposes an approach to understanding cyber security Incident Response and the services it provides followed by Reverse Engineering resources and the practical analysis of a malware named “Alice ATM Malware” in detail.
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Taseer Suleman und Nadia Liaquat. „The Cyber Security Incident Response and Reverse Engineering“. International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, Nr. 4 (15.12.2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0604121.
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Although incident response has always been a crucial component of information security, security administrators frequently ignore it. Whereas, Reverse engineering focuses on the difficult issue of analyzing legacy software code in the absence of appropriate documentation. This paper proposes an approach to understanding cyber security Incident Response and the services it provides followed by Reverse Engineering resources and the practical analysis of a malware named “Alice ATM Malware” in detail.
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Rubattu, Claudio, Francesca Palumbo, Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya und Maxime Pelcat. „PathTracer: Understanding Response Time of Signal Processing Applications on Heterogeneous MPSoCs“. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems 6, Nr. 4 (31.12.2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3513003.
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In embedded and cyber-physical systems, the design of a desired functionality under constraints increasingly requires parallel execution of a set of tasks on a heterogeneous architecture. The nature of such parallel systems complicates the process of understanding and predicting performance in terms of response time. Indeed, response time depends on many factors related to both the functionality and the target architecture. State-of-the-art strategies derive response time by examining the operations required by each task for both processing and accessing shared resources. This procedure is often followed by the addition or elimination of potential interference due to task concurrency. However, such approaches require an advanced knowledge of the software and hardware details, rarely available in practice. This work presents an alternative “top-down” strategy, called PathTracer, aimed at understanding software response time and extending the cases in which it can be analyzed and estimated. PathTracer leverages on dataflow-based application representation and response time estimation of signal processing applications mapped on heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems-on-a-Chip (MPSoCs). Experimental results demonstrate that PathTracer provides (i) information on the nature of the application (work-dominated, span-dominated, or balanced parallel), and (ii) response time modeling which can reach high accuracy when performed post-execution, leading to prediction errors with average and standard deviation under 5% and 3% respectively.
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Delgado, Arlin, Jay Schulkin und Charles J. Macri. „Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing: Assessing Patients' Knowledge, Clinical Experiences, and Utilized Resources in Comparison to Provider's Perceptions“. American Journal of Perinatology Reports 12, Nr. 01 (Januar 2022): e27-e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742236.
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Abstract Objective This survey study aimed to assess patient knowledge, clinical resources, and utilized resources about genetic screening and diagnostic testing. Study Design A one-time anonymous paper survey was distributed to 500 patients at a major urban obstetrics and gynecology department, and an online survey was sent to 229 providers. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analyses were performed. Results In all, 466 of 500 patient surveys were completed, and 441 analyzed (88.2% response rate). Among providers, 66 of 229 (29.0% response rate) responded. Patients were on average 32 years old, 27 weeks pregnant, and most often reported a graduate degree level of education (47.4%). Over 75% of patients reported accurate knowledge of basic genetic statements. Patients reported that discussing screening and diagnostic testing with their provider was significantly associated with properly defining screening and diagnostic testing (p < 0.001). Less than 10% of patients reported providers distributing web/video links, books, or any other resource; however, patients most often independently accessed web links (40.1%). Conclusion Our findings suggest a positive impact from patient and provider discussions in office on patient knowledge and understanding. Discrepancies between educational resources distributed in the clinic and individually accessed resources highlight possible areas of change. Future work should evaluate and implement differing resources to increase patient knowledge.
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Nonnekes, Jorik, Valeria Dibilio, Claudia Barthel, Teodoro Solis-Escalante, Bastiaan R. Bloem und Vivian Weerdesteyn. „Understanding the dual-task costs of walking: a StartReact study“. Experimental Brain Research 238, Nr. 5 (30.04.2020): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05817-8.
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Abstract The need to perform multiple tasks more or less simultaneously is a common occurrence during walking in daily life. Performing tasks simultaneously typically impacts task performance negatively. Hypothetically, such dual-task costs may be explained by a lowered state of preparation due to competition for attentional resources, or alternatively, by a ‘bottleneck’ in response initiation. Here, we investigated both hypotheses by comparing ‘StartReact’ effects during a manual squeezing task under single-task (when seated) and dual-task (when walking) conditions. StartReact is the acceleration of reaction times by a startling stimulation (a startling acoustic stimulus was applied in 25% of trials), attributed to the startling stimulus directly releasing a pre-prepared movement. If dual-task costs are due to a lowered state of preparation, we expected trials both with and without an accompanying startling stimulus to be delayed compared to the single-task condition, whereas we expected only trials without a startling stimulus to be delayed if a bottleneck in response initiation would underlie dual-task costs. Reaction times of the manual squeezing task in the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor carpi radialis muscle were significantly delayed (approx. 20 ms) when walking compared to the seated position. A startling acoustic stimulus significantly decreased reaction times of the squeezing task (approx. 60 ms) both when walking and sitting. Dual-task costs during walking are, therefore, likely the result of lowered task preparation because of competition for attentional resources.
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Landesman, Linda Young. „Improving Medical Preparedness for Chemical Accidents: An Inter-Organizational Resource Review“. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 7, Nr. 2 (August 1989): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708900700204.
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While emergency planning to cope with chemical accidents has accelerated since Bhopal, there is evidence that the medical sector is not preparing at the same pace as the broader emergency response community. This paper presents a rationale for improving medical sector preparedness. In order to integrate the medical community more fully into emergency management planning and coordination, a common base of resources is presented. It is suggested that cooperative planning could emerge if both the broader emergency response community and specialized medical sectors had a common understanding of how one assesses community risk and the resources available to improve preparedness. A compendium of documents, legal mandates and response models is presented.
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Paek, Min-kyu, und Sung-un Chee. „Dynamic Capabilities Perspective of the Firm in Response to the Crisis Economic Environment“. Journal of Management World 2023, Nr. 2 (01.04.2023): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53935/jomw.v2023i2.244.
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This study focuses on the corporate responses and transformation of management practices in crisis economic environment. The dynamic capabilities approach to the firm offers a good theoretical framework for understanding the process of a firm's learning and innovation products, processes and services in rapidly changing circumstances. We conducted a survey to learn business leaders' perceptions of economic crisis and how they have changed in response to the crisis from the dynamic perspectives of the firm. We found that inefficient financial resource selection and ineffective deploy-ment of financial resources by business groups, accompanied by heavy debt-driven business expansion, were the prime factors that contributed to the crises. Increased awareness of the importance of corporate competitiveness received the largest response; increased capability of crisis management, better preparation to deal with future crises through crisis management strategy and routinization of crises management were all important changes in response. The results of this study provide a theoretical framework to understand Korean firms' learning and innovating products and processes after the crisis.
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Caldwell, Barrett S. „Determining User Needs for Community-Based Geospatial Information Technology Services“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, Nr. 9 (September 2002): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600904.
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The State of Indiana is in the process of creating a set of database tools to allow improved access, sharing, and understanding of information about community-level resources for any location within the state. This paper describes developing efforts to identify the needs of users in local government, community planning, emergency response, and agricultural extension offices to utilize the growing technical capabilities of geospatial information systems to improve environmental quality and local resource utilization for citizens of the state.
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Nankoo, Marie Melusine Annabelle, Chloe Groznik, Parma Barbaro, Nathan Adey, Prue Watson, Lee-Ann Bamess, Stephanie Curtis, Jessica Green und Pradeep Rao. „38 Efficacy of Caregiver Psychoeducation Sessions on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Functioning Difficulties“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723008135.
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Objective:Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly exhibit impairments in their executive functions. Caregivers are primarily responsible for the daily management of their children's ADHD and executive functioning difficulties. Psychoeducation, a cornerstone of ADHD treatment, can empower caregivers by providing them the knowledge and resources they require to support their child with ADHD. This study examined the efficacy of a suite of six caregiver psychoeducation sessions delivered by a specialised ADHD service. Two of these sessions pertained to (i) Understanding ADHD and (ii) Executive Functioning in ADHD. The other four covered information around Family Self-Care and Stress Management, Social Connectedness and Communication, Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation in ADHD and, Medication.Participants and Methods:All sessions were delivered between May 2016 and July 2022, in 2 to 3-hour sessions each. Caregivers completed pre and post-session questionnaires, rating (i) their understanding of each of the topics, (ii) whether they identified effective strategies to help their child with ADHD meet their needs, and (iii) whether they improved their knowledge of resources they can access to assist with ADHD management. Altogether, 666 caregiver responses were collected across all sessions, 35% (n=234) of which were from the Understanding ADHD sessions and 4.2% (n = 28) from the Executive Functioning sessions.Results:Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of 0.016 were conducted to examine each session's pre- and post-session responses. Results showed that the Understanding ADHD workshops impelled significant improvements in attendee-rated levels of topic understanding (z = -8.79, p <.001, r = -.41), strategies gained (z = -8.54, p <.001, r = -.40) and perceived resource accessibility (z = -6.40, p <.001, r = -.30). Attendees reported moderate to large improvements following the Executive Functioning in ADHD sessions, including in their topic understanding (z = -4.18, p <.001, r = -.57), strategies gained (z = -3.93, p <.001, r = -.54) and perceived resource accessibility (z = -4.23, p <.001, r = -.61). Improvements across all three areas were also noted across the other four caregiver sessions, except for the medication session where no significant changes in strategies gained and perceived access to resources were noted.Conclusions:This study provides evidence that caregiver sessions within a Tier-4 service are efficacious and can (i) meet caregivers' needs to better understand ADHD, executive functioning difficulties as well as of other ADHD-related issues, and (ii) may equip caregivers with the knowledge to access resources to appropriately manage their children with ADHD - a possible precursor to improved clinical and functional outcomes in children. That the session on ADHD medications only led to improved understanding of the topic but not to perceived gains in strategies or perceived access to strategies could be attributed to low pre-and post-session questionnaire response rates as well as to the nature of those sessions which were purely informative and did not discuss strategies and resources. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies, with control groups, should determine whether any post-intervention improvements are sustained over time and should establish whether these are associated with improved outcomes in children.
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King, Joan M., Chetan Tiwari, Armin R. Mikler und Martin O’Neill. „Challenges of Designing and Implementing High Consequence Infectious Disease Response“. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, Nr. 5 (19.03.2018): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.128.
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AbstractEbola is a high consequence infectious disease—a disease with the potential to cause outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics with deadly possibilities, highly infectious, pathogenic, and virulent. Ebola’s first reported cases in the United States in September 2014 led to the development of preparedness capabilities for the mitigation of possible rapid outbreaks, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) providing guidelines to assist public health officials in infectious disease response planning. These guidelines include broad goals for state and local agencies and detailed information concerning the types of resources needed at health care facilities. However, the spatial configuration of populations and existing health care facilities is neglected. An incomplete understanding of the demand landscape may result in an inefficient and inequitable allocation of resources to populations. Hence, this paper examines challenges in implementing CDC’s guidance for Ebola preparedness and mitigation in the context of geospatial allocation of health resources and discusses possible strategies for addressing such challenges. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:563–566)
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Arbour, Richard. „720 Transcultural Collaboration in Burn Mass Casualty Response Under Austere Conditions“. Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (01.05.2023): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.194.
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Abstract Introduction Burn mass-casualty incidents (BMCI) overwhelm local resources challenging communication, triage, basic care provision and education of non-burn specialist personnel. This is more acute in austere conditions such as the recent international BMCI in November, 2021, in an extremely resource-limited developing country. Greater than 250 severely burned survivors overwhelmed local resources requiring an international response. Effective burn care dictated adapting to austere conditions, educating local providers and cultural competence, vital to teaching and obtaining feedback in ways meaningful to host providers and building burn care capacity. Methods Needs assessment showed local healthcare providers needed burn care education focused on wound care, fluid management, pain management and assessment. Cultural competence/cultural humility were integral in avoiding ethnocentrism and collaboration barriers. Understanding local language and communication styles (including nonverbal cues) was prioritized. Pre-test/post-test measured baseline burn care knowledge vs. education efficacy. Lecture/discussion, case study, clinical application and class participation were used to disseminate content. Attention was paid to pace of content discussion and nonverbal indications of understanding as English was not the learners first language. Pacing/terminology was adjusted to optimize understanding. Meaningful recognition was accomplished by public congratulations and formal completion certificates. Results Pre-test: Number of students-57; high score-80%; low score-27.5%; average score-53.9%. Content was presented as described in methods section and supplemented with bedside instruction. Post-test: Number of students-38; high score-95%; low score-55%; average score-79.3%. Almost immediately, many participants framed and posted their completion certificates and quickly utilized education content when delivering care. Conclusions Optimal interdisciplinary/international collaboration for burn care and education in austere conditions mandates cultural humility and a spirit of inquiry on the part of international guest providers to best understand cultural norms in host countries. A spirit of inquiry on local communication and cultural nuances is integral to optimal collaboration, education and building effective local burn care capacity. Applicability of Research to Practice When providing care internationally in austere settings, proactive cultural humility, understanding local cultural and communications nuances and developing education/content delivery that can be readily utilized in addressing critical needs is essential. Meaningful recognition for healthcare team members in host countries develops good will and helps build capacity to continue providing health care upon conclusion of the immediate crisis.
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Scholz, Debra, Steven R. Warren, Heidi Stout, Gregory Hogue, Ann Hayward Walker und Peter McGowan. „Spill Response Decision-Making in Relation to Wildlife Resources and Oil Spill Applied Technologies“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, Nr. 1 (01.04.2003): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-311.
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ABSTRACT During a response to spilled oil or hazardous material, the protection, retrieval, and rehabilitation of affected wildlife is the jurisdiction of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the US Department of Interior (DOI), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and the affected state resource trustees. Only permitted and trained individuals (Qualified Wildlife Responders - QWR) are allowed to directly handle the affected wildlife. QWRs are familiar with a wide range of actions that can be taken to minimize the adverse effects of spilled oil on fish and wildlife resources and their habitats. However, decision-makers and QWRs are not always familiar with the effects that various oil spill products and technologies may have on different wildlife resources. Applied oil spill products and technologies are listed under the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule (40 CFR § 300.317) and are the focus of the Selection Guide for Oil Spill Applied Technologies. These applied oil spill products and technologies are relatively unknown and most decision-makers have limited experience in their use. To facilitate greater understanding of these products and technologies, the Selection Guide assists the decision-maker to evaluate the various spill response products and technologies for potential or suspected impacts to the environment, workers, and natural resources. Of particular interest is the evaluation of the use of various oil spill response
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Bhimdiwala, Ayesha, Krishna Akhil Kumar Adavi und Ahmer Arif. „Fighting for Their Voice: Understanding Indian Muslim Women's Responses to Networked Harassment“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CSCW1 (17.04.2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3641005.
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Social computing researchers have described how online harassment is taking on more sophisticated forms where communities rather than lone individuals carry out attacks. At the same time, those who are targeted are coming together with members of the online crowd to confront this networked harassment. However, we currently lack empirical studies of how such self-organizing efforts take place, especially in non-western contexts like India. To address this gap, this paper examines two case studies of gendered Islamophobia, Sulli Deals and Bulli Bai where a group of Indian Muslim women were targeted via fake auctions hosted on GitHub, that were subsequently amplified over social media. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with the women targeted in these incidents to understand how these women collectively made sense of these incidents, and the social and spiritual resources they drew upon as they constructed a response together. Our findings describe how our participants understood these incidents (e.g. with families and each other); the work they did to combat the harassment (e.g. coordinating a unified media response); and how religious beliefs and spiritual practices played into this (e.g. values around courage, patience, flexibility, and humility). We conclude by discussing how these findings can refresh our understanding of designing community-driven responses to networked harassment.
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Haryoto, Dwi, Hari Wisodo, Sujito, Arif Hidayat und Hestiningtyas Yuli Pratiwi. „Meningkatkan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Virus Covid-19“. JPM (Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 6, Nr. 1 (05.05.2021): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpm.v6i1.5019.
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Community service has been carried out in RW 12 Kel. Merjosari Malang to increase the potential and participation of the community in health environment. The increase in the number of Covid-19 patients in Malang Raya, about 3,378 people, presents that the Covid-19 virus has increased drastically both number of patients confirmed positive and patients who died. The problems faced by partners are not understanding the Covid-19 disease, weak resources, limited funds, and difficulty accessing information. The method is socialization by conducting discussions, optimizing citizen resources, monitoring and evaluation. The result is conducting discussions, developing resources, providing training, providing counseling and assistance. Citizen involvement is to provide a place to install spraying equipment, maintain spraying facilities, provide a place to conduct training, provide human resources ready to be trained voluntarily. Citizens' anxiety and restlessness were slightly reduced by increased community understanding. Citizens give a positive assessment of service. This is proven by the percentage of residents giving a positive rating on average 95.68%, consisting of 95.33% giving a positive response, and 4.67% giving a negative response.