Dissertationen: „Resources Understanding and Response“

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Yorke, Linda. „Late quaternary valley fill sediments in the River Tyne valley : understanding late Devensian deglaciation and early postglacial response in northern England“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1754.

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This thesis reconstructs part of the deglacial and early post-glacial history of the River Tyne Valley, Northumberland. Data has been gathered through description and interpretation of sedimentary sequences and stratigraphies from quarry and cut-bank exposure, the development of a geochronology was attempted, based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and broad-scale geomorphological mapping using traditional field mapping and appropriately scaled digital elevation models from NEXTMap Britain. The thesis contributes new detailed sedimentological and morphological data, and has re-evaluated existing data sets and interpretations. A number of sites have been investigated in very close detail, and the sedimentological analyses provide a much better understanding of their formational environment than morphological studies alone can do. The research in the Tyne Valley contributes to the growing body of work carried out by the extensive morphological mapping programs, with the detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic data vital for ground truthing remotely-sensed landform interpretations. The story of deglaciation in Britain is a complex one and the work here illustrates that we are far from understanding the behaviour of the ice during the last glacial period, and certainly there is not a one model fits all solution.

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Teow, Theodore. „Evidence of a domain-general syntax resource: Understanding the P600 response to syntax violations in language and music“. Thesis, Teow, Theodore (2019) Evidence of a domain-general syntax resource: Understanding the P600 response to syntax violations in language and music. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/49970/.

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An unresolved question in the literature relates to the extent to which language and music share syntax-related processing and how this is reflected in brain responses (e.g., certain event-related potential components of the electroencephalogram (ERP; EEG). Across three studies using neurologically healthy adult non-musicians, the goal was to examine the claims of the Shared Syntactic Integration Resource Hypothesis (SSIRH) and P600-as-P3 hypothesis: language and music share syntax-related processing, and that the relatively under-researched P600 component is the best index of this shared neural resource. Experiment 1 used a novel application of single-trial and subset EEG analyses to examine response-alignment across domains; similarities of response-alignment would suggest that the purported shared resource behaves the same way when employed in language and music processing. Participants (N = 16) listened to short sentences or chord progressions, and indicated via timed button-press the presence or absence of a syntax violation. P600 amplitudes were similar across domains, but response-alignment of the P600 occurred for language but not music. This suggests that music syntax errors recruit the P600-related shared resources in a quantitatively similar (ERP), yet qualitatively different (response-alignment) manner to language syntax errors. To explore the interactivity of unattended-on-attended syntax errors, the music and language stimuli were presented simultaneously in Experiment 2 (N = 20) and participants instructed to selectively attend to one domain only. P600 amplitude increased only to attended error conditions in either domain, and unattended error conditions elicited no P600 effect or RT impairment. Experiment 3 used the same methodology as Experiment 2 in a dual-attention task in order to examine combinatory effects. Participants (N = 22) pressed one of three buttons to error-free, single-domain error, and dual-domain error conditions. P600 amplitude and RT increased for both single error conditions relative to controls, and further increased in the dual error conditions. Taken together, the P600 ERP component appears to index a similar cross-domain resource employed in syntax manipulations. Similar patterns of attention-dependence, combinatory increases to dual errors, and of functional co-occurrences to RT verify the P600 as a correlate of processing cost in syntax error integration. However, some differences exist in the lack of response-alignment patterns in music versus language. Further research should determine if this shared resource represents a more general cognitive resource such as part of the P3 family, extending beyond syntax, or even language and music.

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Kunkle, Justin Michael. „Whole-plant resource economies and associated morphological and physiological traits towards a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to resource variation /“. Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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4

Beck, Joseph A. „Fundamental Understanding of Blisk Analytical Response“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1367848915.

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5

Xu, Hongmei. „Understanding variability in response to gliclazide“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28969.

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Type 2 diabetes has become one of the most common human diseases. The safety and efficacy of antidiabetic medicines is an important part of diabetes management in the community. This thesis investigates a number of factors that may potentially cause variability in response to the antidiabetic drug gliclazide. This information will help to improve the use of these medicines in diabetic patients. Patients have free access to, and commonly take, complementary medicines for a variety of reasons. Many take these in conjunction with conventional drugs without clear evidence of safety or risk of herb—drug interactions. St John’s wort is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in Western societies. The aim of the first clinical study in this thesis was to investigate potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between St John’s wort and gliclazide in healthy subjects with different cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP2C19 genotypes.

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Parsai, Chirine. „Toward understanding response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy“. Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539379.

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7

Delatorre, Carla Andrea. „Phosphate-deficiency response : understanding the signaling pathway /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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8

Goins-Jones, April Dawn. „Understanding a School's Response to Childhood Obesity“. ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3097.

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Childhood obesity has become a national epidemic. Although many of the consequences of childhood obesity are known, such as physical, social, emotional, and academic effects on a student's development, there is a lack of literature on the topic of childhood obesity in Native American tribes. The purpose of this case study was to explore how school personnel address the effects of obesity on students' social, emotional, academic, and physical development in an elementary school in the southwest United States where 90% of the students are Native Americans. Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model served as the theoretical foundation. The research questions explored strategies for how school personnel addressed childhood obesity. Interviews with 7 teachers, 1 administrator, 1 school nurse, 1 school psychologist, and 1 cafeteria manager were conducted. Open, axial, and selective coding strategies were employed to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the local school personnel lack professional development on working with Native American obese students and desire to implement a prevention and intervention obesity program targeted for Native American students. Recommendations include creating professional development related to childhood obesity, providing alternatives to food rewards, allotting time for healthful living practices, writing grants for healthy snacks, and collaborating with families and tribal affiliations. Implications for social change include greater understanding among school personnel at the study site of practices to address childhood obesity in Native American students, which may lead to effective interventions for enriching the academic success of obese students.

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Olsen, James. „Understanding understanding through creative response of listeners to the rite of spring“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530800.

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10

Casari, Marco Wilkie Simon. „Understanding an economic dilemma : essays on common property resources /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2002. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03292005-095223.

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11

Serenari, Christopher. „Understanding Environmentally Significant Behavior Among Guides in the Garhwal Himalaya“. NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03122010-142029/.

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A gap currently exists in research pertaining to the utility of low impact outdoor ethics in non-Western societies. Many non-Western societies rely on their own religious beliefs, cultural perceptions, and traditions to serve as the foundation for conservation and environmental protection and influence related behavior. This notion also includes guides, who have been identified as effective in altering client behavior and minimizing environmentally destructive behavior. Exploratory research was conducted in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India in 2009 applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to identify those cognitive factors that lead whitewater and trekking guides to pack out trash, bury human waste, and cut living trees for firewood. Results suggest that the foundational constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior are capable of predicting intention to perform pro-environmental behavior in a non-Western population of guides; however, their utility depends on the behavior performed. The implications of these results are discussed.

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Wolfe, Elizabeth Ann. „Understanding thermospheric neutral density response during geomagnetic storms“. Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460882.

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Yates-Sabren, Karen Tracy. „Understanding good ecological status : a palaeolimnological approach“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5811.

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The current study uses multiproxy palaeolimnological analysis of sediment cores to reconstruct the long-term (10² to 10³ years) nutrient status of Upper Talley and Llyn Pencarreg, two closely adjacent, moderately nutrient-enriched lakes in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. The use of diatoms, Pediastrum and ephippia allows for the analysis of changes in ecosystem dynamics in response to nutrient enrichment, whilst pollen, charcoal analysis and archaeology enables the degree to which limnological change was driven by human impact to be examined. Reconstruction of long-term ecosystem status shows that despite the similarity of environmental parameters, Upper Talley and Llyn Pencarreg are very different lakes. Upper Talley (max. depth; 4m) demonstrates constant fluctuations in ecosystem dynamics, typical of shallow lakes with a high sensitivity to environmental change, whilst Llyn Pencarreg (max. depth 1 Om) illustrates a high degree of stability with gradual changes in limnological status that are indicative of deeper lakes with fewer functional groups. Within the context of the EUWFD's aim to restore lakes to good ecological status, the results indicate the need for a more detailed methodology that accounts for the complexity of long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to human impact, examines changes at different levels of the food chain using a range of proxy indicators and locates realistic baseline states based on individual lake ecology of pre-impact conditions. In this respect the ultimate aim of restoring lakes to good ecological status in a range of lake types is more likely to be achieved.

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Thompson, Michael Andrew. „Understanding and optimisation of non-conventional emulsions“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6283.

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This thesis is concerned with understanding the effect of diols on emulsion properties and to use knowledge gained to optimise emulsions containing them. The project was sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline, a world leading pharmaceutical company, whose interest is in using the knowledge to help in research and development of new products and optimising existing products during manufacture. For this reason pharmaceutical ingredients were used throughout unless additional knowledge could be gained from using non-pharmaceutical ingredients. Systems studied included emulsions with water, diols and paraffin liquid stabilised by surfactants and particles using various techniques from microscopy, conductivity, surface tension, rheology, light scattering, stability analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The thesis will examine three aspects of emulsion non-conventionality; addition of diol to both surfactant and particle-stabilised emulsions and the effect of crystallisation in diol containing emulsions stabilised solely by surfactant. Surfactant and particle-stabilised systems will be discussed in terms of phase inversion where it will be shown that inversion of emulsions can be controlled by addition of diol within both systems. For phase inversion in water, diol, paraffin liquid and non-ionic surfactant systems it will be argued that the phase inversion witnessed is due to the change in preferred surfactant monolayer curvature. This will be shown by examining the structurally and isomeric nature of the diols as well as their surface activity. Also considered and compared will be the well established experimental facts that occur in related systems at phase inversion including initial droplet diameter, emulsion stability, temperature variation and surfactant structure change. Results will show that for all traits examined at phase inversion diol addition follows all well known facts regarding a change of preferred surfactant monolayer curvature from negative to positive values. Emulsions stabilised by particles will be shown to phase invert from w/o to o/w emulsions with the addition of diol and changing particle hydrophobicity at fixed hydrophobicity and fixed diol content respectively. This will be contributed to the surface energies of each system and therefore a decrease in contact angle θ with increasing diol addition and changing hydrophobicity. Included will be a comparison between calculated and measured phase inversion of a number of diol containing series which shows good correlation. Systematic studies will also include the effect of this phase inversion on droplet diameter, stability and emulsion type. These will be explained in terms of existing theory regarding particle stabilised emulsions. Diol effect on the in situ contact angle will also be shown in water/diol–air mixtures. Investigations will include the immersion times of fumed silica powders of varying wettability in water-propane-1,2-diol mixtures and from theory the contact angles of particles at the air-polar phase interface will be determined. The materials formed upon aerating these samples will also be described in terms of the wettability of the particles in situ. Again the result will indicate that diol increase the inherent hydrophilicity of the system and therefore change the materials formed upon aeration. The final chapter of the thesis will discuss the effects of crystallisation in emulsions containing diol stabilised solely by surfactant. Crystallisation with surfactant stabilised systems will be discussed in terms of changing temperature and varying droplet diameter of emulsions. It will be shown that droplet diameter has an effect on the crystallisation of dispersed oil droplets and linked to stability. Systemic investigations using differential scanning calorimetry, rheology and nuclear magnetic resonance will show the crystallisation effect of a model system and attempts to link such findings to stability and the crystallisation mechanism. Microscopy of an additional model system containing high amounts of diol will show the ability of such systems to produce ‘dumbbell’ droplets when the systems temperature is decreased. Additional discussion on the formation of dumbbells and the effect on stability in diol containing emulsions will also be considered.

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Burwood, Stephen Anthony. „Towards a dialectical understanding of human embodiment“. Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15293.

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This thesis is essentially programmatic. This is not to say that it should be seen as a prolegomenon to any future metaphysics of body and mind; I can hardly claim such an exulted status for what I have to say. Rather, I am content to raise certain questions and indicate certain directions in which I believe a more systematic investigation of these issues should take us. Equally, I also hope that enough of a case can be made out here for the claim that such an investigation, if not a full-fledged prolegomenon, is essential if we are to free ourselves from a fundamental impasse in contemporary philosophy of mind. It is no exaggeration to say that Cartesianism continues to stride our thought like a colossus, informing and shaping our conceptualisations of what it is to be a subject of thought and experience, as well as our more general conceptualisations of what we take the world to be and what our relationship with it actually is. The Cartesian turn in philosophy has generally left us with a framework of binary categories in which only a divisive account of these conceptualisations is possible. This is because these Cartesian binaries are not simply oppositional but are oppositional in ways such that their terms are construed as being intrinsically autonomous and exclusionary, with a privileging of one of the terms in each case.

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Fenn, Tim. „Understanding & improving GIS software selection /“. Click for abstract, 1998. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1490.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1998.
Thesis advisor: Professor John Harmon. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves ix-xi.

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Oh, Chi-Ok. „Understanding recreationists' attitudes toward and preferences for natural resources conservation“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2632.

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With ever-increasing demands on scarce natural resources, understanding public attitudes toward natural resources is crucial to accomplishing various management goals for resource conservation and the provision of resource services. Despite numerous studies of public attitudes toward resource conservation since Dunlap and Heffernan 1975), there is a limited understanding of the driving forces underlying recreationists?? activities that contribute to their conservation attitudes and behaviors. Thus, this dissertation investigated the connected causal effects of how recreational anglers develop their conservation attitudes and preferences toward natural resources in light of within- and between-group diversity. Three independent studies, focusing on both recreation specialization and recreationists?? conservation attitudes, were conducted with different research themes. Two different methods, namely, a stated preference discrete choice method and structural equation modeling, were used. The first study examined anglers?? holistic preferences for trade-offs of various management rules and regulations using specialization segmentation. Study results supported that high specialization anglers reported a greater appreciation of and support for resource management practices such as harvest regulations that seek to reduce adverse user impacts than their less specialized counterparts. The second study explored the fostering process of conservation attitudes and behaviors with recreation specialization and other motivational and attitudinal variables. Given that empirical analyses supported the theoretical propositions in the constructed model, recreation specialization and other accrued motivational and attitudinal concepts provided insight to understanding the formation pattern of conservation attitudes and behaviors. The third study examined how the fostering process of attitudes toward resource conservation differed by race and ethnicity. Results indicated that anglers, regardless of their racial and ethnic origins, showed similar patterns of fostering attitudes toward and preferences for resource conservation. As they participated in fishing activity on a regular basis, heterogeneous development in conservation attitudes and preferences were likely to be minimal and be better explained by the framework of recreation specialization. Finally, a summary and synthesis of the findings, agenda for future research, and the management implications were discussed.

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Bruse, Andreas. „Exploiting Cloud Resources For Semantic Scene Understanding On Mobile Robots“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169116.

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Modern day mobile robots are constrained in the resources available to them. Only so much hardware can be fit onto the robotic frame and at the same time they are required to perform tasks that require lots of computational resources, access to massive amounts of data and the ability to share knowledge with other robots around it. This thesis explores the cloud robotics approach in which complex compu- tations can be offloaded to a cloud service which can have a huge amount of computational resources and access to massive data sets. The Robot Operat- ing System, ROS, is extended to allow the robot to communicate with a high powered cluster and this system is used to test our approach on such a complex task as semantic scene understanding. The benefits of the cloud approach is utilized to connect to a cloud based object detection system and to build a cat- egorization system relying on large scale datasets and a parallel computation model. Finally a method is proposed for building a consistent scene description by exploiting semantic relationships between objects.
Moderna mobila robotar har begränsade resurser. Det får inte plats hur mycket hårdvara som helst på roboten och ändå förväntas de utföra arbeten som kräver extremt mycket datorkraft, tillgång till enorm mängd data och samtidigt kommunicera med andra robotar runt omkring sig. Det här examensarbetet utforskar robotik i molnet där komplexa beräk- ningar kan läggas ut i en molntjänst som kan ha tillgång till denna stora mängd datakraft och ha plats för de stora datamängder som behövs. The Ro- bot Operating System, eller ROS, byggs ut för att stödja kommunikation med en molntjänst och det här systemet används sedan för att testa vår lösning på ett så komplext problem som att förstå en omgivning eller miljö på ett seman- tiskt plan. Fördelarna med att använda en molnbaserad lösning används genom att koppla upp sig mot ett objektigenkänningssytem i molnet och för att byg- ga ett objektkategoriseringssystem som förlitar sig på storskaliga datamängder och parallella beräkningsmodeller. Slutligen föreslås en metod för att bygga en tillförlitlig miljöbeskrivning genom att utnyttja semantiska relationer mellan föremål.

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Valentino, Charlotte Emily. „Family adjustment after brain injury : understanding and intervening“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10895.

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This portfolio is made up of three sections: Part one is a systematic literature review, in which the empirical literature relating to family-based interventions after brain injury –delivered both face-to-face by therapists and utilising new telehealth delivery methods –is reviewed and critically contrasted. It aims to explore the effectiveness of these delivery methods. Part two is an empirical paper exploring the shared relationship of mothers and non-injured siblings of young adults who have incurred severe traumatic brain injury. This was implemented using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, with consequent themes discussed in the context of established empirical and theoretical literature. Part three comprises the appendices, including further information for parts one and two, as well as reflective and epistemological statements.

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Kimbell, Helen. „Behavioural flexibility in response to environmental change“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13077.

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A fundamental challenge in biology is to understand how animals can respond to the unprecedented environmental changes caused by human activities. In aquatic systems, pollution and disturbance from anthropogenic activities often impacts upon the sensory environment, and affects a number of important fitness-related behaviours. This PhD focuses on how a degraded environment impacts the behavioural responses of fish. The first section (chapters 2, 3 and 4) examines whether a degraded visual environment immediately affects the aggregation behaviour of fish as prey, and explores the implications for fish as predators. The second section (chapters 5 and 6) considers the way that previous experiences of a degraded or variable environment shape behavioural responses. Together, the results highlight the importance of considering the relationship between environmental conditions and behaviour over different time spans and during different developmental stages in order to understand how fish may respond to anthropogenic environmental change. The first section offers new evidence on the ways that groups of fish respond to predators in turbid water, and how predators target individuals within those groups. In chapter 2, I investigate how shoals of guppies respond to a simulated aerial predator attack in increasing levels of turbidity. I find that, in turbid water, guppies form looser shoals, and alter their behaviour in response to a simulated attack by showing weaker escape manoeuvres and increasing freezing behaviour as opposed to darting escape manoeuvres. In chapter 3, I explore the ‘selfish herd movement’ rules that guppies use to form shoals in response to a predator attack in clear and turbid water. I find that guppies use more complex rules (moving towards a location determined by the position of multiple individuals) in clear water, resulting in large compact shoals. By comparison, guppies are unable to use these rules when forming groups in turbid water, resulting in smaller, more fragmented shoals. In chapter 4, I consider the effect of turbidity from the perspective of both predator and prey, in the context of the oddity effect. Firstly, I assess the effect of turbidity on how stickleback predators target Daphnia prey individuals of different sizes from within mixed groups. Secondly, I explore how turbidity influences the social choices made by sticklebacks. From the perspective of the predator, sticklebacks selected large bodied Daphnia from mixed groups more than expected by chance in clear water, but not in turbid water. From the perspective of the prey, large individuals lost their preference for size-matched shoalmates in turbid water, whereas small individuals showed no social preference in either clear or turbid water. The oddity effect appears weakened in turbid water, relaxing predation pressure on large odd individuals at the expense of small individuals. Together, these three chapters consider the immediate, flexible responses of both predator and prey to short-term changes in turbidity. The second section of the thesis explores the longer-term impacts of a degraded or variable environment on the behavioural responses of fish. In chapter 5, I investigate how adult guppies respond to different food cues (visual, olfactory, or a combination of both) with increasing levels of experience of a visually poor environment. Previous work rearing guppies under similar conditions found that individuals make a sensory switch from vision to olfaction. I find that, although guppies with more experience of a dark environment increase their foraging success in visually poor environments, they do not make a sensory switch from vision to olfaction as seen in juvenile fish. Finally, in chapter 6, I step away from the visual environment and look at how recent experience of a variable habitat combined with low or high food levels affects boldness and exploratory behaviour in guppies. While some behaviours are modified with experience of low food, for example, the time to attack a food item, I find that exploratory behaviour was not influenced by either energy state or experience of a variable environment, remaining remarkably stable over time. These final two chapters highlight the importance of investigating behavioural responses to the environment over different time spans and during different developmental stages.

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Mata, Cervantes Gabriel. „Understanding people's response to affective text messages and personalisation“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13429/.

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The obesity and overweight growing rates are a major global concern for both developed and developing countries. Digital technologies can potentially deliver effective interventions to tackle this crisis, with mobile phones uniquely positioned to deliver scalable, real-time, inexpensive, and interactive support for all at risk. A meta-analysis showed that SMS interventions are effective for promoting weight loss and physical activity. The content of SMS messages of digital behaviour change interventions is usually seen as the main driver of effectiveness. It has been suggested that personalised communication, reaching people on emotional as well as rational levels, is more effective. However, there is no previous study exploring people’s affective responses to message wordings and personalisation, which could lead to more effective tools for promoting healthier behaviours, like physical activity. Affect is a term used to define the experience of a feeling or an emotion. Psychophysiological and self-reported measures of arousal and valence, the two main dimensions of emotions, were used to measure message impact on different levels of consciousness; and as methods to better understand people’s response to affective messages and personalisation. The first study in this thesis examined electrodermal activity and facial electromyography as objective measures of arousal and valence, respectively, and found strong associations between these measures. Study 2 compared psychophysiological and self-reported responses to previously evaluated affective and cognitive messages but found no significant difference between them. Study 3 used the same methods to test the effect of personalisation of affective and cognitive messages using identification (participant’s name) and contextualisation (participant’s preferred physical activity). Personalisation of messages using contextualisation and identification were found to be effective strategies for eliciting emotional responses and persuasiveness. This thesis contributes to our knowledge about using psychophysiology and self-report as methods to measure people’s response to affective and personalised messages, and the value of measuring the emotional impact of text messages on the recipient before using these in randomised controlled trials. The developers of SMS interventions and other digital techniques could benefit from using these methods. Future work needs to investigate the impact of messages designed using these methods on actual behaviour.

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Terzic, Marilyn. „Understanding television: the art and science of aesthetic response“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104508.

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This dissertation examines the processes of perception and cognition and demonstrates their application to the creation of aesthetically and artistically significant television content. By reexamining past understandings and assumptions, the ways in which artists and media producers have manipulated the information search and processing faculties of their audiences, and thus guided the meanings they ascribed to still and moving images, are explored. To reflect the multidisciplinary nature of television aesthetics, this research is not limited to a particular academic discipline. Instead, it draws on several streams of research and scholarship (media studies, marketing, psychology, neuroscience, and the fine arts) to bridge the gap between scientific theory and artistic practice and, in turn, develop effective guidelines for the construction of audiovisual materials that fulfill all three functions of the arts: the intensification, clarification, and interpretation of experience.
Cette thèse étudie les processus de perception et de cognition et démontre leurs applications à la création de contenu télévisuel ayant une valeur artistique et esthétique. En réexaminant les connaissances et hypothèses antérieures, les façons dont les artistes et les producteurs de médias ont manipulé les facultés de traitement des informations de leurs auditoires, et donc la signification qu'ils attribuaient à des images fixes et animées, sont explorées. Pour refléter la nature multidisciplinaire de l'esthétique de la télévision, cette recherche ne se limite pas à une discipline académique particulière. Au lieu de cela, elle s'appuie sur divers courants de recherche et domaines d'érudition (études sur les médias, le marketing, la psychologie, les neurosciences, et les beaux-arts) pour combler le fossé entre la théorie scientifique et la pratique artistique, afin de formuler des recommandations visant à la création de matériel audiovisuel qui remplit les trois fonctions de l'art: l'intensification, la clarification, et l'interprétation de l'expérience.

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Vieira, De Carvalho Nelson. „Understanding and modelling the mechanical response of woven composites“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10119.

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The present work focuses on improving the understanding and modelling of the mechanical response of woven composites. It comprises of original experimental observations together with novel numerical and analytical developments. The experimental work focused on the investigation of damage initiation and propagation under compression. Detailed microscopy shows that damage is controlled by the individual failure of the load-aligned tows through kink-band formation. Moreover, both weave architecture/internal geometry and support provided by the adjacent layers are seen to affect damage location and morphology, suggesting that, to capture the failure mechanisms in compression, they should be explicitly modelled. Subsequently a theoretical framework to derive periodic boundary conditions for the mechanical analysis of periodic structures, using domains smaller then the unit cells, is presented. These domains, named reduced Unit Cells, lead to significant gains in efficiency, which enable the use of refined numerical/analytical models. The framework mentioned above was used to develop a detailed nonlinear numerical model of a 2D woven composite. Weave architecture was modelled explicitly and the effect of the support provided by the adjacent layers was taken into account. The constitutive response and ultimate strength values predicted numerically agree well with experimental results for both tension and compression. Additionally, the model was used to investigate the effect of the biaxial loading ratio on the failure strength. Finally, an analytical model to predict the compressive and tensile response of woven composites is presented. The load-aligned tow was modelled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam supported by an elastic foundation. The properties of the latter are fully derived from kinematic models for the deformation of the weave, providing great insight into the deformation mechanisms of woven composites. The analytical predictions agree well with both experimental and numerical results. Overall, its flexibility offers an alternative and valuable addition to detailed numerical models, particularly when performing sensitivities studies.

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Ott, Richard J. „Understanding Pyrotechnic Shock Dynamics and Response Attenuation Over Distance“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5071.

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Pyrotechnic shock events used during stage separation on rocket vehicles produce high amplitude short duration structural response that can lead to malfunction or degradation of electronic components, cracks and fractures in brittle materials, local plastic deformation, and can cause materials to experience accelerated fatigue life. These transient loads propagate as waves through the structural media losing energy as they travel outward from the source. This work assessed available test data in an effort to better understand attenuation characteristics associated with wave propagation and attempted to update a historical standard defined by the Martin Marietta Corporation in the late 1960's using out of date data acquisition systems. Two data sets were available for consideration. The first data set came from a test that used a flight like cylinder used in NASA's Ares I-X program, and the second from a test conducted with a at plate. Both data sets suggested that the historical standard was not a conservative estimate of shock attenuation with distance, however, the variation in the test data did not lend to recommending an update to the standard. Beyond considering attenuation with distance an effort was made to model the at plate configuration using finite element analysis. The available at plate data consisted of three groups of tests, each with a unique charge density linear shape charge (LSC) used to cut an aluminum plate. The model was tuned to a representative test using the lowest charge density LSC as input. The correlated model was then used to predict the other two cases by linearly scaling the input load based on the relative difference in charge density. The resulting model predictions were then compared with available empirical data. Aside from differences in amplitude due to nonlinearities associated with scaling the charge density of the LSC, the model predictions matched the available test data reasonably well. Finally, modeling best practices were recommended when using industry standard software to predict shock response on structures. As part of the best practices documented, a frequency dependent damping schedule that can be used in model development when no data is available is provided.

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Murphy, Michael John Alexander. „Understanding risk & adoption in response to environmental uncertainty“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0498.

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Les individus doivent souvent prendre des décisions dans des conditions d’incertitude, où les risques associés à leurs choix sont difficiles ou impossibles à quantifier. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les interactions avec l’environnement où les agents économiques peuvent manquer de compréhension des systèmes naturels complexes. À l’aide de trois études sur la prise de décision dans le contexte des systèmes alimentaires dans les économies en développement, cette thèse examine les décisions individuelles de changer de comportement en réponse à l’incertitude environnementale. Les chapitres de la thèse explorent chacun ce sujet dans un contexte différent, en utilisant un ensemble distinct de techniques analytiques. Le premier chapitre analyse une expérience de terrain encadrée menée auprès d’agriculteurs du nord du Ghana. Il se concentre sur l’incertitude entourant les avantages associés à un ensemble de pratiques agroécologiques connues collectivement sous le nom de techniques d’« agriculture de conservation ». Ces pratiques ont des caractéristiques de bien public, mais alors que le coût d’adoption est immédiat, les avantages privés pour les producteurs s’accumulent au fil du temps. L’expérience incitative simule la décision de l’agriculteur d’adopter (ou de ne pas adopter) des pratiques d’agriculture de conservation au fil des saisons. L’analyse teste l’efficacité de deux approches pour réduire l’incertitude autour des avantages privés associés à l’adoption, afin d’évaluer les approches politiques potentielles pour encourager l’adoption. Le deuxième chapitre est une analyse de données de panel secondaire examinant l’effet des chocs de température sur la production de blé en Inde dans le contexte de la Révolution verte. L’incertitude autour des résultats météorologiques a toujours été une préoccupation des agriculteurs, mais comprendre comment les producteurs s’adaptent – ou ne s’adaptent pas – aux conditions météorologiques imprévues est une question de plus en plus urgente à l’ère du réchauffement climatique. J’applique les avancées récentes de l’économétrie d’estimation de l’adaptation agricole au climat à un nouvel ensemble de données de panel et j’explore comment l’adoption de la technologie de la Révolution verte sous la forme de semences de variétés à haut rendement et d’intrants associés a affecté la capacité des agriculteurs à s’adapter aux chocs de température. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur les consommateurs, en mettant en œuvre un essai contrôlé randomisé auprès de ménages urbains à faible revenu au Kenya. L’étude fournit aux ménages traités des informations importantes sur un problème de sécurité alimentaire – la contamination de la farine de maïs par l’aflatoxine – en utilisant les données d’une étude antérieure menée dans la région. L’analyse examine comment la fourniture d’informations aux participants sur ce danger affecte leurs perceptions subjectives du risque, et à son tour comment cette mise à jour des croyances affecte leur comportement d’achat. Dans ces trois contextes différents, la thèse montre comment différentes approches microéconomiques de l'inférence causale peuvent aider à comprendre comment les individus réagissent à un environnement changeant. Ces résultats visent à améliorer notre compréhension de la prise de décision dans des contextes d'incertitude où elle est rarement étudiée, et visent également à contribuer à une base de données concrètes permettant aux décideurs politiques des pays en développement de concevoir des politiques améliorant le bien-être des citoyens et améliorant l'accès à l'information et aux nouvelles technologies
Individuals must often make decisions under conditions on uncertainty, where the risks associated with their choices are difficult or impossible to quantify. This is particularly true of interactions with the environment where economic agents may lack understanding of complex natural systems. Using three studies of decision-making in the context of food systems in developing economies, this thesis examines individual decisions to change behaviour in response to environmental uncertainty. The chapters of the thesis each explore this topic in a different setting, using a distinct set of analytical techniques. The first chapter analyzes a framed field experiment carried out with farmers in northern Ghana. It focuses on uncertainty surrounding the benefits associated with a set of agroecological practices known collectively as ‘conservation agriculture’ techniques. These practices have public good characteristics, but whereas the cost to adoption is immediate, the private benefits to producers accrue over time. The incentivized experiment simulates the farmer’s decision to adopt (or not adopt) conservation agriculture practices across seasons. The analysis tests the effectiveness of two approaches to reducing uncertainty around the private benefits associated with adoption, in order to evaluate potential policy approaches to encourage take-up. The second chapter is a secondary panel data analysis looking at the effect of temperature shocks on wheat production in India in the context of the Green Revolution. Uncertainty around weather outcomes has always been a concern of farmers, but understanding how producers adapt- or fail to adapt- to unpredicted weather is an increasingly urgent question in the age of global warming. I apply recent advances in the econometrics of estimating agricultural adaptation to climate to a novel panel dataset and explore how the adoption of Green Revolution technology in the form of high-yielding variety seeds and associated inputs affected farmers’ ability to adapt to temperature shocks. The third chapter focuses on consumers, implementing a randomized control trial with low-income urban households in Kenya. The study provides treated households with salient information on a food safety issue- aflatoxin contamination of maize flour- using data from a prior study carried out in the area. The analysis examines how providing participants with information about this hazard affects their subjective risk perceptions, and in turn how this belief updating affects their purchasing behaviour. Across these three different settings, the thesis show how different microeconomic approaches to causal inference can help to understand how individuals respond to a changing environment. These findings aim to improve our understanding of decision-making under uncertainty in contexts where it is rarely studied, and also aim to contribute to a practical evidence base for policymakers in developing countries to design welfare-enhancing policies that enhance citizen access to information and new technologies

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Cheney, Gemma. „Psychology in schools : understanding and intervening within vulnerable populations“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5122.

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The school environment offers significant opportunities to deliver psychological interventions to groups of young people in the UK. However, the nature and effectiveness of programmes are not consistently documented. This systematic review aimed to identify and examine group-based interventions delivered in UK schools. Sixteen papers describing eight interventions were included. It was found that Nurture Groups have an immediate positive impact on the social and emotional well-being of young people. Results from follow-up studies are less clear, and limited by a high level of sample attrition. The findings reported in relation to Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning [SEAL}, cognitive behavioural and social skills based interventions were limited as each intervention is only evaluated by one paper. The review highlighted a need to implement well-designed, longitudinal studies with larger samples in order to evaluate which interventions are effective in UK schools.

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Boardman, Stephanie Grace. „Understanding the experiences of pregnancy in women with epilepsy“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8024.

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This portfolio comprises of three parts: a systematic literature review, an empirical report and appendices. Part one is a systematic literature review in which empirical literature relating to teratogenic risk perceptions of medication in pregnant women is reviewed and critically evaluated. The review attempts to determine how pregnant women perceive teratogenic risk associated with medication (over the counter and prescription) and reports on the intrapersonal factors associated with these perceptions. The review links the findings with theory and recommendations for clinical practice and future research are made. Part two is an empirical paper which used qualitative methodologies to explore the lived experiences of pregnancy in women with epilepsy. To achieve this, seven women who were either pregnant or who had given birth to their babies within nine months attended a semi-structured interview with the main researcher which was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Themes are discussed at length and considered within both a pregnancy and epilepsy context. The clinical implications and methodological limitations are also discussed and areas requiring further research are identified. Part three comprises appendices and a reflective account of the research process.

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Amin, Munia. „Exploring and understanding signal-response relationships and response dynamics of microbial two-component signaling systems“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15016.

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Two-component signaling systems are found in bacteria, fungi and plants. They mediate many of the physiological responses of these organisms to their environment and display several conserved biochemical and structural features. This thesis identifies a potential functional role for two commonly found architectures in two-component signaling system, the split kinases and phosphate sink, which suggests that by enabling switch-like behaviors they could underlie physiological decision making. I report that split histidine kinases, where autophosphorylation and phosphotransfer activities are segregated onto distinct proteins capable of complex formation, enable ultrasensitivity and bistability. By employing computer simulations and analytical approaches, I show that the specific biochemical features of split kinases “by design” enable higher nonlinearity in the system response compared to conventional two-component systems and those using bifunctional (but not split) kinases. I experimentally show that one of these requirements, namely segregation of the phosphatase activity only to the free form of one of the proteins making up the split kinase, is met in proteins isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. While the split kinase I study from R. sphaeroides is specifically involved in chemotaxis, other split kinases are involved in diverse responses. Genomics studies suggest 2.3% of all chemotaxis kinases, and 2.8% of all kinases could be functioning as split kinases. Combining theoretical and experimental approaches, I show that the phosphate sink motif found in microbial and plant TCSs allows threshold behaviors. This motif involves a single histidine kinase that can phosphotransfer reversibly to two separate response regulators and examples are found in bacteria, yeast and plants. My results show that one of the response regulators can act as a “sink” or “buffer” that needs to be saturated before the system can generate significant responses. This sink, thereby allows the generation of a signal threshold that needs to be exceeded for there to be significant phosphoryl group flow to the other response regulator. Thus, this system can enable cells to display switch-like behavior to external signals. Using an analytical approach, I identify mathematical conditions on the system parameters that are necessary for threshold dynamics. I find these conditions to be satisfied in both of the natural systems where the system parameters have been measured. Further, by in vitro reconstitution of a sample system, I experimentally demonstrate threshold dynamics for a phosphate-sink containing two-component system. This study provides a link between these architectures of TCSs and signal-response relationship, thereby enabling experimentally testable hypotheses in these diverse two-component systems. These findings indicate split kinases and phosphate as a microbial alternative for enabling ultrasensitivity and bistability - known to be crucial for cellular decision making. By demonstrating ultrasensitivity, threshold dynamics and their mechanistic basis in a common class of two-component system, this study allows a better understanding of cellular signaling in a diverse range of organisms and will open the way to the design of novel threshold systems in synthetic biology. Thus, I believe that this study will have broad implications not only for microbiologists but also systems biologists who aim to decipher conserved dynamical features of cellular networks.

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Jarrell, Christopher Raymond. „Fatherhood, masculinity and anger : men understanding emotion work in families“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5752.

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The objectives of this thesis are: 1. To contribute to the contemporary agenda on research into fatherhood by focusing on the successes and difficulties of fathers being more involved in the intimate care of their children. 2. To contribute to the understanding of how traditional discourses on fatherhood and masculinity may affect involved fathers' ability to nurture children. 3. To consider how involved fathers manage predominant discourses on fatherhood, masculinity and anger within the home.

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Wadephul, Franziska. „3D ultrasound in pregnancy : discourses, women's experiences and psychological understanding“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12289.

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This study explores discourses around private three- and four-dimensional (3/4D) ultrasound scans in pregnancy, the experiences of women who have 3/4D scans and what impact these scans may have on pregnant women. A critical discourse analysis of scanning company websites was undertaken to explore the discourses, identities and genres set up on the websites. Longitudinal interviews exploring women’s experiences of 3/4D scans were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Case studies, using longitudinal questionnaire and interview data, were used to investigate the psychological impact of 3/4D scans on pregnant women. The critical discourse analysis revealed mixed discourses, identities and genres. While 3/4D scans are not overtly medical, they nevertheless contain medical aspects. They are promoted as enhancing bonding and reassurance. In the interview analysis, two superordinate themes emerged: ‘Getting to know the baby’ and ‘Experiences of pregnancy’. While the women’s physical and emotional experiences of pregnancy varied considerably, there were more convergences in the desire to ‘get to know’ the fetus and how women approached this. While routine and 3/4D scans played an important role, fetal movement also emerged as a significant factor. The case studies showed that the psychological impact was not consistent. Scans had no effect on fetal health locus of control, may have reduced anxiety about specific issues for some women and may have had a positive impact on some components of bonding for some women. It is not possible to state categorically that they reduce anxiety or increase bonding. The psychological impact of 3/4D scans appears to be individually mediated and depends on pregnancy experience and individual psychological differences, highlighting the significance of individual factors in both research and practice. Two opposing discourses portray 3/4D scans as either beneficial, by enhancing reassurance and bonding, or problematic, by undermining women’s embodied knowledge and experience and being potentially risky. This study suggests that neither of these two conflicting discourses are reflected in women’s experiences. The women in this study were not motivated primarily by bonding or reassurance when choosing 3/4D scans, but considered them a nice experience; on the other hand, the scans do not seem to have had a detrimental impact either. The interview analysis suggests that women acquire knowledge about the fetus through scans and fetal movement and combine these to make sense of the fetus. This study also provides evidence that the concept and measurement of bonding during pregnancy is problematic and that professional and academic perspectives are not necessarily reflected in women’s experiences.

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Swain, Austin Bernard Johns. „Competitive state anxiety : towards a clearer understanding“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10599.

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This thesis attempted to further understanding of various aspects of the competitive state anxiety response. The specific questions that were addressed in the five studies reponed involve investigations into antecedents of competitive anxiety, temporal patterning, additional dimensions to the anxiety response and relationships with performance. Competitive anxiety was assessed in all of the studies by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which measures cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. The first two studies employed a purely quantitative approach whilst the final three studies incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The first study investigated situational factors which predict the CSAI-2 components in the specific / population of middle-distance runners. Cognitive anxiety· was predicted by three factors, 'Perceived Readiness', 'Attitude Towards Previous Performance' and 'Position Goal', whilst self-confidence was predicted by 'Perceived Readiness' and 'External Environment'. None of the factors predicted somatic anxiety. These results suggested that cognitive anxiety and self-confidence share some common antecedents but that there are also factors unique to each. The second study examined the temporal patteming of the CSAI-2 components in the period leading up to competition as a function of gender. Gender has previously been shown to mediate patteming of responses so that antecedents were also examined in an attempt to explain such findings. Results showed that males and females reported differential temporal patteming for cognitive anxiety and self-confidence and that different antecedents predicted these variables. Significant predictors of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence were associated with personal goals and standards in females and interpersonal comparison and winning in males. The third and fourth studies investigated the importance of additional dimensions to the competitive state anxiety response in furthering understanding of the construct. These studies examined the frequency and direction dimensions of anxiety and findings suggested that the intensity alone approach currently employed is restrictive and that important information can be gained from considering these other dimensions. The fifth study focused on the dimensions of intensity and direction of anxiety and their specific relationship with sports performance. Findings revealed that a direction dimension was a better predictor of basketball performance than any of the intensity variables, further suggesting that future anxiety research should measure this dimension.

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Griffiths, Maya. „Young children's emotional response to understanding the concept of death /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18412.pdf.

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Benjamin, Elissa M. „Response-to-Intervention: Understanding General Education Teacher Knowledge and Implementation“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/78.

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The new IDEIA (2004) mandates regarding the implementation of Response-to-Intervention (RtI) present challenges for general education teachers. The law dictates the implementation of Response-to-Intervention, which requires the application of a pyramid of interventions for students failing to make adequate yearly progress in response to general education programs. Response-to-Intervention regulations redefine general education teacher roles, increase responsibilities regarding instructional interventions for at-risk learners, and change the process used to determine qualification for specific learning disability (SLD). A qualitative case study investigates how three general educators in a rural public elementary school understand and implement Response-to-Intervention policy. The study also examines teacher descriptions of the influence policy implementation on instructional practices for at-risk students. Data collection methods include structured and unstructured interviews, videotaped classroom observations, Teacher Performance Record data, lesson plans, and relevant RtI artifacts to advance understanding of RtI implementation in relation to the particular research site and study participants. Focusing on a single site allowed the researcher to develop holistic descriptions of contextual situations to inform future RtI implementation, as well as improve professional development and instructional practices for students involved in the RtI process. Study results provide a framework for understanding how elementary school teachers negotiate RtI implementation in the general education setting. The findings report personal influences on implementation, environmental supports for implementation, and positive and negative consequences of implementation. The study concludes with recommendations for local education agencies (LEA), administrators, and professional learning, as well as suggestions for future research.

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Walters, Daniel Dewi. „Understanding other minds : an interrogation of the theory of mind debate“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11523.

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Ffolliott, Peter F. „Updating Hydrologic Time-Trend Response Functions of Fire Impacts“. Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296580.

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Zhang, Tan. „Understanding physical education teacher motivation in relation to job resources and demands“. Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123702.

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Research has shown that the working environment of physical education influences teacher motivation. Identifying the characteristics of teachers’ working environment may contribute to developing a productive and motivating working environment for physical education teachers.

The first part of this dissertation study was focused on developing and validating an instrument that measures physical education teachers’ job demands/resources perception on five theorized dimensions: organizational resources, physical resources, cognitive demands, physical demands, and emotional demands. The content validity was achieved through expert evaluation of the consistency between the items and the dimensions they represent. The evaluation rendered an average consistency rating of 3.6 on a 5 point scale. The construct validity and reliability were determined with a physical education teacher sample (n=193). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) established a five-dimension construct structure matching the theoretical construct with factor loadings ranging from .57 to .85. The intraclass correlational coefficients ranged from .75 to .80 for job resources and from .80 to .83 for job demands, respectively. The inter-scale correlational coefficients ranged from .14 to .25, showing both convergent and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct structure found in the EFA with high dimensional factor loadings ranging from .47 to .81 for job resources scale and from .51 to .86 for job demands scale. The model fit tests produced acceptable indices including the RMSEA < .05. It is concluded that the instrument met the required psychometric standards to be useful to measure physical education teachers’ perception of their working environment.

The second part of the study was to determine the extent to which the perceived job demands and resources influence physical education teachers’ motivation regulatory processes and motivation. An a priori model was proposed for testing based on the integration of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Job Demands-Resources Model. Certified physical education teachers in two southeastern states (n=193) provided self-reported data on perceived job demands and resources in the working environment, motivation regulatory processes, and motivation to teach. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that increasing job demands in working environment enabled the teachers to adopt more autonomous regulatory processes, such as integrated regulation (γ = .20) but not more controlling regulatory processes, such as external regulation (γ = -.16) and introjected regulation (γ = -.22). The findings of the study provide empirical evidence that relate perceptions of working environment to physical education teachers’ motivation to teach.

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Arbulú, Villanueva Italo. „Environmental ethics and natural resources’ management: understanding the basis of economic issues“. Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92582.

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The discussion about this global framework of rights and duties, between humans and other living things and nonliving things, has given rise to a fascinating body of literature in the field of ethics that has been called environmental ethics. The aim of this paper is twofold, first it seeks to present the current elements in the field of environmental politics governing the definition of economic policies on the use of environment and natural resources. Second, it suggests the appearance of other thinking that can influence the way society evaluates the human-nature relationship.
La discusión sobre este marco global de derechos y deberes, entre los seres humanos y otros seres vivos y seres no vivos, ha dado origen a un cuerpo fascinante de la literatura en el campo de la Ética que se ha denominado ética del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este documento es doble; por un lado, se busca presentar los elementos vigentes en el campo de la ética ambiental que rige la definición de las políticas económicas relativas al uso del medio ambiente y los recursos naturales. Por otro lado, se plantea la aparición de otras vertientes de pensamiento que pueden influir en la forma como la sociedad evalúe la relación humano-naturaleza.

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Gross, Matthew John. „Residential demand-side response in the UK : maximising consumer uptake and response“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76881/.

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Residential demand-side response (DSR) is a key strategy for meeting the challenges facing the UK electricity system. Leveraging residential flexibility should help to enhance system reliability, reduce carbon emissions, support the integration of renewables into the energy mix and deliver a lower-cost electricity system. However, the viability of residential DSR hinges on two critical factors: consumers will first need to switch to DSR programmes in sufficient numbers and then successfully respond by adjusting their consumption patterns accordingly. This thesis explores how to optimise the impact of residential DSR by examining the enablers and constraints of uptake and response. While participation is primarily encouraged through financial incentives, studies suggest that some consumers may be willing to participate for nonfinancial reasons. As such, this thesis also explores how environmental and pro-social motivations could be leveraged to help promote uptake and response. The thesis contributes to the knowledge on DSR by testing UK consumer preferences for different programme models through a large-scale online survey and identifying measures which could help to maximise uptake. It also explores the potential afforded by dynamic information-only programmes through a trial based on available wind generation. The thesis further makes a theoretical contribution by exploring how the Fogg Behaviour Model (FBM) can be used to conceptualise the enablers and constraints of uptake and response. By mapping these factors to the FBM's core components of ability, motivation and trigger, the model is refined as a tool for understanding how to optimise the impact of residential DSR. The research reveals that information-only DSR programmes may represent a significant untapped resource. Approximately 8% of a representative sample of UK consumers indicated a preference for this model over more conventional price-based programmes; while trial households succeeded in reducing electricity consumption by 9.9% on average when asked to consume less and increasing consumption by 4.4% on average when asked to consume more. These promising findings may help to inform policy and programme design as the UK energy system evolves towards a renewables-based future.

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Hughes, Caroline Sian. „Human rights in Cambodia : international intervention and the national response“. Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3483.

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Gerosimou, Elina. „Understanding primary school teachers' professional development needs for fostering inclusion in Cyprus“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5753.

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The aim of this study was to develop an understanding about primary school teachers' professional development needs, for fostering inclusion in Cyprus. The study focused on teachers' experiences and the meanings that they hold about them. In particular, an exploration of teachers' views about inclusion was made, along with an investigation of the factors that enable or prevent them from promoting inclusion. Also, teachers' views about their professional development needs and their responses towards available professional development opportunities were explored. The research involved a collective type of case study in two primary schools of Cyprus, over a period of six months. The first school shared similar characteristics with other primary schools of Cyprus and was the main school of the study. The second school was part of a new government initiative and was used as complementary, in order to enhance the understandings gained from the main school. All of the methods that were used in this study had a qualitative nature: participant observations, critical incidents, informal conversational interviews, semi-structured interviews and document collection. Through the process of analysing and interpreting the data, the overall understanding gained was that teachers' professional development needs are related to three areas of need. These areas relate to the dominant value systems, pedagogy, and the unique contexts. It is argued that they are influencing one another and are interacting with each other. Thus, by addressing these areas of need, in a number of ways suggested by the findings of this study, this is likely to enable teachers in Cyprus to foster inclusion.

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Gale, Laura. „Understanding community coaches' experiences of everyday coaching practice : a narrative-biographical study“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10424.

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Bartels, Lucy. „Understanding positive experiences of professional caregivers who support people living with dementia“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15912.

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This portfolio thesis is divided into three parts; a systematic literature review, an empirical paper, and a set of appendices. The thesis as a whole seeks to understand positive experiences of professional caregivers, in order to provide a more holistic understanding of caregiving in residential dementia care settings. Part one is a systematic literature review which explores and reviews the literature relating to positive and negative aspects of caregiving experienced by professional caregivers in residential dementia care settings. Factors associated with positive and negative experiences of caregiving are also examined. Fourteen papers were identified and reviewed using a narrative synthesis approach; three themes and six subthemes were identified. The findings are considered and discussed in the context of previous literature relating to caregiving in addition to clinical and research implications. Part two is an empirical paper exploring hope in professional caregivers in residential dementia care settings. The investigation includes the experience of hope, facilitators/barriers of hope and the role of hope in caregiving. Using a constructivist Grounded Theory approach a focus group consisting of six participants was conducted, and purposive theoretical sampling was used to conduct nine individual interviews. Data were analysed using constructivist Grounded Theory and nine categories emerged which were organised into three theoretical concepts. The emergent theory is discussed in the context of previous literature relating to hope and caregiving in addition to clinical and research implications. Part three is a set of appendices for both the systematic literature review and empirical paper, and includes an epistemological statement and reflective statement.

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Hibber, A. R., und E. A. Davis. „Streamflow Response to Converting Arizona Chaparral in a Mosaic Pattern“. Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296372.

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From the Proceedings of the 1986 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association, Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the Arizona Hydrological Society - April 19, 1986, Glendale Community College, Glendale, Arizona
Converting 55% of an Arizona chaparral watershed to grass in a mosaic pattern, giving major consideration to wildlife habitat values, water quality, and landscape esthetics, produced an average of 68 mm of extra streamflow per year from the watershed during a 4-year evaluation period. When the increased streamflow was prorated to the area actually treated, the increase amounted to 124 mm. Increases in streamflow were largest in winter, and streamflow was extended considerably longer into the dry periods than before treatment.

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44

Kumar, Amit. „Understanding the Role of Defects in the Radiation Response of Nanoceria“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5384.

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Nanoscale cerium oxide (nanoceria) have shown to possess redox active property , and has been widely studied for potential use in catalysis, chemical-mechanical planarization, bio-medical and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), etc. The redox state of nanoceria can be tuned by controlling the defects within the lattice and thus its physical and chemical properties. Perfect ceria lattice has fluorite structure and the research in last decade has shown that oxide and mixed oxide systems with pyrochlore and fluorite have better structural stability under high energy radiation. However, the current literature shows a limited number of studies on the effect of high energy radiation on nanoceria. This dissertation aims at understanding the phenomena occurring on irradiation of nanoceria lattice through experiments and atomistic simulation. At first, research was conducted to show the ability to control the defects in nanoceria lattice and understand the effect in tailoring its properties. The defect state of nanoceria was controlled by lower valence state rare earth dopant europium. Extensive materials characterization was done using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy to understand the effect of dopant chemistry in modifying the chemical state of nanoceria. The defects originating in the lattice and redox state was quantified with increasing dopant concentration. The photoluminescence property of the control and doped nanoceria were evaluated with respect to its defect state. It was observed that defect plays an important role in modifying the photoluminescence property and that it can be tailored in a wide range to control the optical properties of nanoceria. Having seen the importance of defects in controlling the properties of nanoceria, further experiments were conducted to understand the effect of radiation in cerium oxide thin films of different crystallinity. The cerium oxide thin films were synthesized using oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE) growth. The thin films were exposed to high energy radiation over a wide range of fluence (1013 to 1017 He+ ions/cm3). The current literature does not report the radiation effect in nanoceria in this wide range and upto this high fluence. The chemical state of the thin film was studied using in-situ XPS for each dose of radiation. It was found that radiation induced defects within both the ceria thin films and the valence state deviated further towards non-stoichiometry with radiation. The experimental results from cerium oxide thin film irradiation were studied in the light of simulation. Classical molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation were used for designing the model ceria nanoparticle and studying the interaction of the lattice model with radiation. Electronic and nuclear stopping at the end of the range were modeled in ceria lattice using classical molecular dynamics to simulate the effect of radiation. It was seen that displacement damage was the controlling factor in defect production in ceria lattice. The simulation results suggested that nanosized cerium oxide has structural stability under radiation and encounters radiation damage due to the mixed valence states. A portion of the study will focus on observing the lattice stability of cerium with increasing concentration of the lower valence (Ce3+) within the lattice. With this current theoretical understanding of the role of redox state and defects during irradiation, the surfaces and bulk of nanoceria can be tailored for radiation stable structural applications.
ID: 031001294; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Sudipta Seal.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 5, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-135).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Materials Science Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering

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45

Noonan, Ericka Marie. „Understanding cell fate decisions in response to 0⁶-Methylguanine DNA lesions“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The stability of the genome is constantly challenged by both endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. DNA damage, if left unrepaired, can give rise to permanent genetic alterations that ultimately increase our risk of cancer and other diseases. To combat these threats, eukaryotic cells activate a DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates a wide variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, or in the case of severe/irreparable damage, apoptotic cell death. In addition to its role in cancer prevention, the DDR is fundamental in cancer treatment as noted by the numerous DNA damage-based chemotherapies. Thus, understanding how cell fate is determined by consequences of DDR is important for basic biological science and for medical applications. Alkylating agents comprise a major class of DNA damaging chemotherapeutics. The 0⁶MeG DNA lesion is a highly mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic lesion produced by SNl methylating agents. Additionally, persistent 0⁶MeG lesions induce apoptosis in an 0⁶MeG DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repair- and mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent manner. Here, we examine the DNA damage response induced by the 0⁶MeG lesion at both the molecular and cellular level after treatment with the SN1 methylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). A systems-level approach combining various experimental techniques was used to quantitatively monitor the temporal regulation of DDR network proteins and, in parallel, phenotypic responses (cell cycle arrest, DNA replication, and apoptosis) induced by 0⁶MeG lesions. Through this approach, we have shown that TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells undergo cell cycle delay through both the first and second cell cycle post treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 0⁶MeG triggers an intra-S-phase arrest in the second S-phase that ultimately leads to cell cycle progression and survival in cells with low/repairable amounts of damage or apoptosis in cells with high/irreparable amounts of damage. Based on the signaling and phenotypic data acquired, we developed a conceptual model for MMR's role in triggering cell cycle arrest and cell death. In addition, exploration of the global transcriptional response provided an unbiased approach to further elucidate previously unrecognized biological processes involved in the response to MNNG-induced damage. Taken together, our results have enhanced our understanding of the cellular response to alkylation-induced damage and will contribute to the development of personalized chemotherapeutic treatments in the future.
by Ericka Marie Noonan.
Ph.D.

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46

Kaufmann, Holger Johannes. „Towards an understanding of the infrared response of high-Tc superconductors“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624372.

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47

Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hai. „Understanding human rights and corporate responsibility: Vietnam's response to global pressure“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12689.

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This study examines the status of corporate human rights responsibility as an emerging concern in Vietnam. The introduction of Doi Moi policy in 1986 has enhanced Vietnam’s economic development and integration into the global economy. On the one hand, the increased foreign investment and corporate activity that resulted from the transition of a closed and planned economy to a market-based system have improved human rights in Vietnam, particularly economic and social rights. On the other hand, the boom in business activity has significantly increased the risk and incidence of human rights violations by the business sector. This study used qualitative primary research and secondary research to identify and analyse the gaps in the existing response to business-related human rights challenges in Vietnam. The study found that a number of political, legal, economic, social and cultural barriers, both nationally and internationally, make it challenging to implement corporate human rights responsibility in Vietnam. In Vietnam, human rights are often viewed as a political issue that should concern government rather than private actors like corporations. Government policy and legislation have largely focused on encouraging investment rather than imposing human rights responsibility on corporations. Social and cultural norms typically support corporate social responsibility for moral or charitable reasons, rather than reasons related to human rights. The research demonstrated that the intersection of corporations with human rights issues in Vietnam operates largely through activities associated with corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is a concept introduced to Vietnam primarily through foreign corporations which require, for example, local contractors to implement labour standards. Although human rights violations by corporations are increasing, the current perception and response to corporate human rights responsibility in Vietnam are incomplete and lack political will and capacity. The issue is seldom discussed in business forums, government work, or academic studies. Similar to the situation in other developing countries like China, India, Cambodia, the international standards on business and human rights have little influence and application in Vietnam. There have been no explicit human rights policy, law or supporting programs that specifically address corporate human rights responsibility in Vietnam. Building on these findings, the thesis develops arguments as to why and how the situation can be changed in order to strengthen corporate responsibility for human rights in Vietnam. These arguments culminate in a detailed recommendation that the state implement a strategic framework on corporate human rights responsibility.

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48

St-Amant, Gabrielle. „Understanding the Hemodynamic Response and Sensory Contributions to Automatic Postural Control“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39554.

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The postural control-cognition dual-task literature has demonstrated greater postural stability through the examination of multiple kinetic and kinematic measures. Recently, sample entropy (SampEn) and wavelet discrete transform have supported the claim of automaticity, as higher SampEn values and a shift toward higher contribution from automatic sensory systems have been demonstrated in dual-task settings. In order to understand the cortical component of postural control, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to identify cortical activation under postural control conditions. However, the neural correlates of automatic postural behaviour have yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the presence of automatic postural control through static and dynamic measurements, and to investigate the prefrontal cortex activation (PFC) when concurrently performing quiet standing and auditory cognitive tasks. Eighteen healthy young adults (21,4 ± 3,96yo), 12 females and 6 males, with no balance deficits were recruited. Participants were instructed to either quietly stand on a force platform (SM), perform three cognitive tasks while seated (SC) and perform a combination of SM and SC concurrently (DT). Results revealed automatic postural control as evidenced by lower area and standard deviation of center-of-pressure in DT conditions. As for SampEn and the wavelet analysis, greater values and a shift from vision to the cerebellum contribution were demonstrated in DT conditions. For the DNS task, a trend toward significantly lower right hemisphere PFC activation compared to left hemisphere activation in DT was evidenced, which potentially reiterate the presence of automaticity. Therefore, as demonstrated by this experiment, the simultaneous performance of a difficult cognitive task and posture yields automatic postural behaviour, and provides insight into the neural correlates of automaticity.

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49

Yeomans, Elizabeth Anne. „Mutuality, Inter Organizational Cultural Understanding, and the Efficacy of Humanitarian Response“. ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2081.

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Organizations responding to humanitarian crises often have different organizational cultures and observational lenses, presenting barriers to collaborative efforts at the outset of a crisis. The inherently chaotic nature of these crises exacerbates this problem, slowing the speed of response and the degree of efficacy of the response effort. Researchers have examined these organizational differences but have not defined barriers to mutuality and possible ways to overcome those barriers presenting a gap in knowledge. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by offering areas to focus on to improve cultural awareness between disparate organizations. The central research question investigated the extent to which intrinsic value descriptions of organizational cultures provide opportunities to mitigate barriers between the military and humanitarian aid workers. A qualitative study using narrative ethnography was applied in answering this question. Two Participants were recruited from the military and two from civilian aid organizations based upon their experience and insight and their commensurate ability to relate the need for mutual understanding between their organizations. Data were collected through descriptive interviews of the participants' lived experiences in crisis response. The data were coded using existing theory on cultural dimensions from Project GLOBE and then analyzed using relational theory. The results confirmed a need for more effective coordination and unity of effort, which may be achieved through cultural understanding and which can result in a more efficient crisis response. These findings may ease the suffering encountered in humanitarian crises by improving the collaborative education of both military and civilian responders to these crises.

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50

Wheeler, Dorthea L. „Understanding microglia in the immune response to mouse hepatitis virus infection“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6880.

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Viral infection of the central nervous system is complicated by the mostly irreplaceable nature of neurons, as the loss of neurons has the potential to result in permanent damage to brain function. However, whether neurons or other cells in the CNS sometimes survive infection and the effects of infection on neuronal function are largely unknown. To address this question, I used the rJHM strain (rJ) of mouse hepatitis virus, (MHV), a neurotropic coronavirus, which causes acute encephalitis in susceptible strains of mice. To determine whether neurons or other CNS cells survive acute infection with this virulent virus, I developed a recombinant JHMV that expresses Cre recombinase (rJ-Cre) and infected mice that universally expressed a silent (floxed) version of tdTomato. Infection of these mice with rJ-Cre resulted in expression of tdTomato in host cells. The results showed that some cells were able to survive the infection, as demonstrated by continued tdTomato expression after virus antigen could no longer be detected. Most notably, interneurons in the olfactory bulb, which are known to inhibit other neurons, represented a large fraction of the surviving cells. The results described in this thesis indicated that some neurons are resistant to virus-mediated cell death and provide a framework for studying the effects of prior coronavirus infection on neuron function. Another aspect of this thesis concerns the role of microglia in virus infections. Recent findings have highlighted roles for microglia in orchestrating normal development and refining neural network connectivity in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are not only vital cells in maintaining CNS homeostasis, but also respond to injury, infection, and disease, by undergoing proliferation, and changes in transcription and morphology. Understanding the specific role of microglia in responding to viral infection is complicated by the presence of non-microglial myeloid cells with potentially overlapping function in the healthy brain, and by the rapid infiltration of hematopoietic myeloid cells into the brain in diseased states. Here, I used a CSF1R inhibitor that depletes microglia to examine the specific roles that microglia play in response to infection with a neurotropic coronavirus (MHV). My results show that microglia were required during the first days post infection to limit MHV replication, subsequent tissue damage and lethality. Additionally, microglia depletion resulted in ineffective T cell responses. These results reveal nonredundant, critical roles for microglia in the early innate and virus-specific T cell responses and for subsequent host protection from viral encephalitis. Overall these studies provide new insight into cells that survive MHV infection and into the role microglia play in the immune response to MHV. Specifically, many neurons, especially interneurons of the olfactory bulb survive MHV infection and microglia play a role in both the innate and adaptive immune response to viruses.

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