Thematische Bibliographien / Resin purification

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Resin purification“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 11. Januar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Resin purification"

Li, Tuo Ping, Su Hong Li, Wei Na Fu, Yang Sun, You Feng Jia, Zhong Sheng Zhao und Ru Gang Zhu. „Purification of Soyasaponin with Macroporous Resin“. Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1379.

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The conditions for purification of soyasaponin by macroporous resin adsorption strategies were analyzed. The results showed that macroporous resin D3520 was a suitable resin for the purification of soyasaponin. Static adsorption assay showed that 20:1 (w/w) D3520/soyasaponin at 40 oC for 2h adsorption were optimal for soyasaponin purification. In the column chromatography, 0.5BV (bed volume)/h flow rate would be suitable to reach higher purity of near 90 % soyasaponin.

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Talpur, Marvi Kanwal. „Highly Selective Purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanin Based on Macroporous Resins“. Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 22, Nr. 1 (23.06.2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.06.

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In the present study, enactments and separation characteristics of five extensively utilized adsorbents for enhancement and purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanins (ACNs) extracts were analysed. Among five tested resins (AB-8, Sepabeads Sp-700, C18SPE Cartridge, Sepabeads Sp-207 and AB-80), AB-8 resin exhibited the best adsorbent ability for Grewia asiatica ACNs (84.24mg/mL resin). Results of static adsorption tests revealed that AB-8 resin selected for kinetics and isotherm experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order model along with Langmuir isotherm. In order to improve operational procedure, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were done on a packed column of AB-8 resin. Optimum factors for subsequent adsorption-desorption experiments; processing volume 20ml, flow rate 2 mL/min with elution solvent of acidified methanol (1%v/v) were used. HPLC and LC-MS/MS profiles of the purified extract confirmed seven ACNs in Grewia asiatica samples, out of which cyanidin-3-O-(6"acetylglucoside) comprises 44-63% (695 μg/g) of total ACNs composition. Moreover, pigment purification using AB-8 resin did not alter ACNs mixture composition after purification but enhance the peak intensity and gives effective purification. Hence present work reveals that the separation procedure established through column chromatography providing an effective methodology to enhance the purification of ACNs from Grewia asiatica.

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Li, Di-Hua, Yan Wang, Yuan-Shan Lv, Jun-Hong Liu, Lei Yang, Shu-Kun Zhang und Yu-Zhen Zhuo. „Preparative Purification of Liriodendrin fromSargentodoxa cuneataby Macroporous Resin“. BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861256.

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The preparative purification of liriodendrin fromSargentodoxa cuneatausing macroporous resin combined with crystallization process was evaluated. The properties of adsorption/desorption of liriodendrin on eight macroporous resins were investigated systematically. X-5 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for liriodendrin purification. The adsorption of liriodendrin on X-5 resin fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption/desorption tests were performed using a glass column packed with X-5 resin to optimize the separation process of liriodendrin. After one treatment with X-5 resin, the content of liriodendrin in the product was increased 48.73-fold, from 0.85% to 41.42%, with a recovery yield of 88.9%. 97.48% liriodendrin was obtained by further crystallization and determined by HPLC. The purified product possessed strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, purification of liriodendrin might expend its further pharmacological researches and further applications in pharmacy.

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Usui, Kenji, Shin-ichiro Yokota, Kazuya Iwata und Yoshio Hamada. „Novel Purification Process for Amyloid Beta Peptide(1-40)“. Processes 8, Nr. 4 (15.04.2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040464.

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Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)-related studies require an adequate supply of purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ peptides are “difficult sequences” to synthesize chemically, and low yields are common due to aggregation during purification. Here, we demonstrate an easier synthesis, deprotection, reduction, cleavage, and purification process for Aβ(1-40) using standard 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acids and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) resin [HMBA (4-hydroxymethyl benzamide) resin] that provides higher yields of Aβ(1-40) than previous standard protocols. Furthermore, purification requires a similar amount of time as conventional purification processes, although the peptide must be cleaved from the resin immediately prior to purification. The method described herein is not limited to the production of Aβ(1-40), and can be used to synthesize other easily-oxidized and aggregating sequences. Our proposed methodology will contribute to various fields using “difficult sequence” peptides, such as pharmaceutical and materials science, as well as research for the diagnosis and treatment of protein/peptide misfolding diseases.

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Bi, Yong Guang, und Yao Quan Tan. „Study on Macroporous Resin Separation and Purification of Total Flavonoids of Plantago Process“. Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (Juli 2012): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.987.

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To study the macroporous resin separation and purification of total flavonoids of Plantago optimum conditions, the static adsorption and desorption experiments by filtering out the best macroporous resin, and plantain extract for the assessment of total flavonoid content indicators in the single-factor test based on the orthogonal design, the amount of resin in the hole, eluent concentration, alcohol consumption and other factors for the study to optimize the AB-8 macroporous resin separation and purification of total flavonoids plantain best process conditions. The results show that: the effect of various factors affecting the size of the order of separation and purification has to: eluent concentration> ethanol consumption> macroporous resin usage, optimization of the optimum conditions: resin dosage is 1 times the amount of crude drug, the use of eluent volume fraction of 40% ethanol, elution agent is 12.5 times the amount of crude drug. Verify the conditions in this test, three repeated experiments were similar, the average flavonoid content 0.2127%, the transfer rate of 90.57%, indicating that the scientific and rational and stable process conditions can be effectively used plantain purified flavonoids.

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Khandelwal, Payal. „Resin Built for Large-Scale Purification“. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 38, Nr. 6 (15.03.2018): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.38.06.07.

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Arthapersada, Reno Imam, Muhammad Kurniawan Adiputra, Indra P. Hakim, Imam Karfendi Putro, Asep P. Zainuddin, Lisendra Marbelia und Ahmad Tawfiequrahman Yuliansyah. „Optimasi Biaya dalam Proses Pemurnian Metanol untuk Mengurangi Resin sebagai Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun di PT Kaltim Methanol Industri“. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 14, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.59553.

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Purification process of raw methanol from its impurities to produce pure methanol at PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (PT KMI) is carried out by several steps, including degassing, distillation, and adsorption. One of the impurities, tri methyl amine (TMA), could be removed by adding NaOH. Another method to remove TMA is conducted by adsorption process on ion exchange resin on the vessel called TMA catchpot. The TMA catchpot performance is very crucial in methanol purification process. Thus, monitoring and optimization are required to be performed regularly. Once the TMA catchpot resin has exhausted, the performance will be drop and methanol purification could not be done efficiently. Furthermore, the ion exchange resin should be replaced with new resin. This study evaluates the performance of the TMA catchpot during the charge of 2010, 2012, and 2016, calculates the NaOH consumption during operational time, and optimizes the cost. Resin regeneration option was introduced and compared with the conventional method (i.e. resin replacement). Economic evaluation shows that the lowest annual cost could be obtained by fresh resin replacement every 4 years and resin regeneration every 2 years. Resin regeneration option gives not only annual cost reduction, but also positive impact to the environment, by decreasing the amount of hazardous waste (i.e. spent resin) significantly.Keywords: ion exchange resin; methanol purification; regeneration; tri methyl amineA B S T R A KProses pemurnian metanol mentah (raw) dari pengotornya untuk menghasilkan metanol murni di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (PT KMI) dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan antara lain degassing, distilasi dan adsorpsi. Salah satu zat pengotor adalah tri methyl amine (TMA) yang dapat dihilangkan dengan penambahan NaOH. Metode lain untuk menghilangkan TMA adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan resin penukar ion di dalam tangki yang disebut TMA catchpot. Performa TMA catchpot sangat penting dalam proses pemurnian metanol. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan dan optimalisasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala. Setelah resin pada TMA catchpot jenuh, performanya akan menurun dan pemurnian metanol tidak dapat dilakukan secara efisien. Selanjutnya, resin penukar ion harus diganti dengan resin baru. Artikel ini mengevaluasi kinerja catchpot TMA pada penggantian resin (charge) 2010, 2012 dan 2016, menghitung konsumsi NaOH sebagai fungsi waktu operasi, dan mengoptimasi biaya pemurnian. Selain itu, disimulasikan opsi regenerasi resin, sebagai pembanding metode konvensional (penggantian resin). Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa biaya tahunan paling rendah didapatkan dengan penggantian resin baru setiap 4 tahun, dan regenerasi resin setiap 2 tahun. Selain biaya tahunan yang rendah, regenerasi ini berdampak positif terhadap lingkungan dengan mengurangi timbulan limbah B3 (resin bekas) secara signifikan.Kata kunci: pemurnian metanol; regenerasi; resin penukar ion; tri metil amin

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Kartika, Ika Amalia, Oky Tresia Ordian Bernia, Illah Sailah, Tirto Prakoso und Yohanes Aris Purwanto. „A binary solvent for the simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and purification“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 2 (02.07.2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2018-rae.

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Sustainable biodiesel production can be realised by the use of a low-cost feedstock, efficient energy and renewable raw materials. The simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and its purification using a binary solvent (n-hexane mixed with alcohol) were examined to meet those aspects. The extraction conditions effect was investigated to determine the optimal oil yield and quality. n-Hexane mixed with alcohol was extracted and purified effectively the oil from Calophyllum seeds. The oil yield and its quality were mainly affected by the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio. The oil yield enhanced as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio enlarged from 1:1 to 2.5:1. The acid value and density of the oil improved as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio declined from 2.5:1 to 1:1. The n-Hexane-to-alcohol ratio of 2.5:1 provided the best yield (59%) of the oil extracted at 40°C for 5 hours. The oil presented its best quality at 0.893 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> of density, 41.0 mPa·s of viscosity, 8.8 mg KOH·g<sup>–1</sup> of the acid value, 88.3 g per 100 g of the iodine value, < 1% of moisture content and < 0.04% of ash content. The oil also had an inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Ma, Jian Wei, und Ya Rui Song. „Purification Raw Water by Magnetic Resin (MIEX)“. Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3185.

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The objective of this research was to compare enhanced coagulation with anion exchange for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and bromide. Treatment with a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) was the primary focus of this study. The performance of the magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX, in the treatment of raw water was investigated. MIEX can effectively remove UV-absorbing substances DOC. The removal of organic substances is accompanied by the elimination of other undesirable components, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The optimal process parameters are at resin doses of 5-10 mL L1and contact time of 10-15 min, as determined via jartests. Based on this study, MIEX treatment is a suitable and efficient pretreatment method for the removal of extra dissolved organic matters and nitrates in raw water .

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Xu, Li Ping, Xin Wang und Peng Cheng Yao. „Study on Technology of Isolation and Purification of Corn Germ Glutathione with Macroporous Resin“. Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (Januar 2011): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.306.

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Study on Macroporous resin purified glutathione of corn germ , determine the best conditions for separation and purification as follows: glutathione and resin volume ratio 4:1, flow rate 1 mL / min ,adsorption time 50 min, elution and resin volume ratio of 4:1, analysis time 120 min, recovery rate of glutathione78.95 %.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Resin purification"

Omoniyi, Emmanuel Oluseyi. „Comparative study of brine treatment using a functionalized nanofibre and an ion exchange resin“. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2334.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
In this study, comparative sorption studies of the major metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and Na+) in the brine wastewater were performed on hydrophilic materials (PAN nanofibre, PAN+TiO2 nanofibre, PAN+ZEOLITE nanofibre) and Purolite S950 resin to investigate their uptake performances. For this purpose, PAN nanofibre was electrospun and subsequently doped with 3 wt% each of titanium dioxide and zeolite respectively, in controlled experimental conditions in order to improve its performance. This was followed by the characterization of the respective hydrophilic materials (PAN, PAN+TiO2 and PAN+ZEOLITE nanofibres) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). SEM showed that the incorporation of titanium dioxide or zeolite into the PAN structure made the surface rougher than that of the ordinary PAN nanofibre and FT-IR revealed the peaks belonging to titanium dioxide and zeolite respectively, showing the inorganic materials are within the PAN structure. The XRD analysis complemented the FT-IR of the nanofibres by revealing the peaks characteristic of titanium dioxide and zeolite are present on the PAN structure.

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Yuan, Hongyu. „Optimization of an Innovative Npu-N Resin Production“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555591103161637.

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Castro, Rodriguez Mary Elizabeth. „Kinetics and Mechanism of Ion Exchange Process and Resin Deactivation during Ultra-Purification of Water“. Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1479%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Xu, Yue, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty und School of Food Science. „Isolation and characterization of components from whey“. THESIS_FSTA_SFS_Xu_Y.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.

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The structure, functionality, isolation methods and applications of whey components, particularly the proteins and lactose, have been extensively studied. These studies have had a great impact on the food industry where whey components are increasingly being used as food ingredients. Two generations of whey protein product, namely Lactalbumin, produced by heat-induced precipitation, and Whey Protein Concentration/ Isloate, produced by ultrafiltration/ ion exchange chromatography, have been commercialised. Crystalline lactose in the food and pharmaceutical grades is also being produced. Recently, research activities in whey fractionation have shifted to the isolation of the minor components. This thesis is aimed at developing a Total Whey Utilization strategy by which the several components of the whey stream would be completely recovered by fractionation, resulting in little or no residue to be disposed of in the wastewater stream. Therefore, this study was initially dedicated to the development of novel separation methods which would be suitable for the Total Whey Utilization process. The development of those techniques revealed some previously unknown feature of whey components. The mechanisms of the separation methods have been also investigated. Although crystallization is an efficient method for fractionation or purification, its disadvantage is that the mother liquor is a wastewater containing high salt and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). The chromatographic method has been investigated in this work to separate the mother liquor or permeate into lactose and mineral fractions such that a goal of this thesis, namely a 'clean' water stream after processing whey, can be finally achieved. These studies have focused on the effect of resin type, salt form of the resin and the operating conditions on the separation of the lactose and mineral fraction.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Cony, Stéphanie. „Déconstruction raisonnée par voie enzymatique des hétéroxylanes de la biomasse lignocellulosique et purification éco-compatible des différentes fractions fonctionnelles“. Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS020.

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Les co-produits agricoles, son et paille de blé, sont riches en arabinoxylanes (AX) qui après hydrolyse peuvent fournir des molécules pour des usages variés: xylo-oligosides (prébiotiques), xylose (xylitol), acide férulique (vanilline, antioxydant). L’étude a visé à mettre en place un procédé intégré et éco-compatible, depuis l'hydrolyse enzymatique des AX du son de blé jusqu'à la purification de l'acide férulique. Des cocktails hémicellulasiques produits par culture de la bactérie Thermobacillus xylanilyticus sur paille ou son de blé et mis en œuvre dans des conditions variées ont permis de libérer des glucides (mono- et oligomères) et de l’acide férulique. Afin d’augmenter la monomérisation, deux nouvelles β-xylosidases ont été produites à partir de T. xylanilyticus et caractérisées. Elles ont été testées pour complémenter des cocktails hémicellulasiques complexes issus de T. xylanilyticus et étudiées en mélange avec une xylanase et une arabinosidase pures. Le choix d’une résine anionique faible sous forme base libre pour séparer les fractions glucidique et phénolique et purifier l’acide férulique s’est également inscrit dans une démarche d’éco-conception : la résine Amberlyst A21 a montré une bonne affinité pour l’acide férulique et sa régénération a libéré une fraction très concentrée. La déminéralisation préalable de l’hydrolysat par électrodialyse a permis d’accroître la capacité de la résine pour l’acide et la pureté de la fraction récupérée, potentiellement cristallisable
Agriculture by-products (wheat bran and straw) are rich in arabinoxylans (AX). These polymers composed of a main chain of β-(1,4) linked xylose ramified by arabinose and ferulic acid, are sources of molecules for various applications: xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics, xylose to synthesize xylitol, a non-cariogenic sweetener, or ferulic acid as a precursor of vanillin or an antioxidant molecule for packaging applications. The aim of this work was to set up an eco-friendly process ranging from wheat bran AX hydrolysis to ferulic acid purification.Hemicellulasic cocktails obtained by growing Thermobacillus xylanilyticus on wheat straw or wheat bran were implemented in various conditions. They released a carbohydrate fraction (mono- and oligosaccharides) and ferulic acid. In order to increase the monomerization, two new β-xylosidases were grown from T. xylanilyticus and characterized. They were tested to supplement the complex hemicellulasic cocktails from T. xylanilyticus and studied in mixture with a pure xylanase and a pure arabinosidase.The choice of a weak anionic resin under free base form to separate the glucidic and the phenolic fractions and to purify ferulic acid was also driven by environnement purposes: Amberlyst A21 resin showed a good affinity for ferulic acid and regeneration allowed a concentrated fraction of ferulate to be obtained. Prior demineralization by electrodialysis increased the capacity of the resin for ferulic acid and the purity of the recovered fraction, potentially allowing crystallization

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Xu, Yue. „Isolation and characterization of components from whey“. Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.

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Evert, Benjamin J. „Applications of polyhydroxy butyrate bead technology“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/411889.

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Recent research into bioengineered polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) bead technology has resulted in the ability to generate functional polyester nanoparticles and materials with diverse applications across many fields of science. Through protein engineering and by hijacking Escherichia coli as a high yielding cell factory the Rehm lab group has been able to generate hundreds of PHB beads coated in various target proteins for multiple applications. The possible applications of this technology are only limited by our own ideas for targets which can be applied to the PHB bead technology. PHB beads coated in antigenic proteins have been previously developed and used as particulate vaccines in various animal trials. Several other PHB beads have been developed which had demonstrated applications in enzyme immobilisation, bioseperation, diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and bioremediation. The application of PHB bead technology depends on the target proteins designed to coat the surface of the beads. Here I continue exploring novel applications of PHB bead technology bygenerating several novel PHB beads with applications as particulate vaccines and a bioseperation resin which are outlined in this thesis. There are four separate projects highlighted in this thesis, all focused on PHB beads, but each with a different focus and overall aim. The first project I generated several malaria vaccine candidates (Chapter 3 and 4) with the overall aim to generate promising malaria vaccine candidates and highlight the benefits of PHB bead technology as well as explore alternative methods for coating PHB beads with antigenic proteins. Two of the vaccines generated strong immune responses in sheep animal trials and antibodies which were able to inhibit traversal of malaria sporozoites into human hepatocytes. Another vaccine showed promising results in a rat animal trial and will be explored further by future students. The results from this project resulted in one first author manuscript currently submitted for publication and future work to be continued by other students. The second project I generated a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate by using an alternative method of coating PHB beads with the target antigen (Chapter 5). The aim was to fill the unmet need for a rapidly adaptable, scalable, and economically viable vaccine platform technology which could combat the ongoing pandemic and additionally highlight the benefits of a new method for attaching antigenic proteins to PHB beads. This vaccine candidate was combined with six others in two animal trails All six vaccines showed a strong and specific immune response in the first animal study. The two best performing vaccines were assessed by a second animal trial and demonstrated protective immunity in hamsters. The results from this project resulted in a second author manuscript currently submitted for publication.The third project I designed three chikungunya vaccine candidates (Chapter 6). We aimed to generate a chikungunya vaccine candidate that generated a strong and functional immune response and again highlight the benefits of a new method for attaching target proteins to PHB beads. However due to experimental complications and time constraints I was only able to generate one of the three vaccine candidates. This vaccine candidate was characterised and assessed for suitability to be taken into animal trials. The work from this project will be continued by future students. The vaccine candidates will eventually be tested in animal trials. The fourth project I generated three novel bioseperation resins using PHB bead technology (Chapter 7). We aimed to generate a bioseperation resin that was easy to use, improved on current technologies and could be a valuable tool used by scientist in the molecular biology field. The physical and chemical properties of the resin was characterised. The ability to purify three structurally and functionally diverse target proteins was assessed, and the performance was compared to the commonly used His-tag affinity resin. We found that the resin was able to purify the target proteins from complex mixtures even at concentrations not detectable by SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, the resins performance was comparable to the traditionally used His-Tag affinity resin with several distinct advantages. The results from this work resulted in a first author publication. Overall, the work presented in this thesis significantly contributes to the field by furthering the applications and possible applications of bioengineered PHB bead technology. Each of these chapters demonstrates a unique application of PHB bead technology that had previously not been explored. Furthermore, by providing an alternate way of attaching target proteins to PHB beads we open the door to future projects that previously could not be done due to the limitations of the current technology.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Thorsén, Jenny. „Purification of His-tagged Proteins Using WorkBeads 40 TREN as a Pre-Treatment Step Prior Loading Sample onto IMAC Resins with the Purpose to Enhance Performance“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Biokemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439642.

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This work is the result of evaluating a novel strategy for the purification of recombinant His-tagged proteins. Proteins purified in this study were the E. coli translational proteins IF-3, RF-1, and RFF. The study aimed to analyse the potential of using Bio-Works WorkBeads™40 TREN, a multimodal anion ion exchange chromatography resin, as a pretreatment step upstream an immobilized metal ion chromatography (IMAC) resin to enhance performance efficiency of His-tagged protein purification. The method demonstrated here shows potential for anyone seeking to increase the purity of His-tagged protein purification or to introduce an effective purification procedure by replacing a polishing step downstream IMAC with WorkBeads 40 TREN upstream IMAC. The latter contributing to guard the IMAC column from heavy bioburden. This study showed that running WorkBeads 40 TREN prior IMAC captures impurities and removes 97-98 % more dsDNA compared to direct IMAC. WorkBeads 40 TREN is therefore highly advantageous to include early in a purification process to remove protein binding DNA fragments. Moreover, WorkBeads 40 TREN increases purity in the final product by capturing more host cell proteins than when running direct IMAC. This concept is general and WorkBeads 40 TREN could be used upstream a variety of resins such as Protein A and RPC.

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Diemer, Étienne. „Intensification du procédé d’extraction, de purification et de fonctionnalisation des acides caféoylquiniques à partir de coproduits de la culture de l’endive“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COMP2821.

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La racine forcée d’endive est un coproduit de la culture de l’endive, produit caractéristique du Nord de la France, de la Belgique et des Pays-Bas. Actuellement sous utilisé en méthanisation ou en alimentation animale, ce coproduit contient pourtant des molécules d’intérêts à haute valeur ajoutée : les acides caféoylquiniques. Ces molécules possèdent des activités antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et permettent de limiter les maladies du désordre métabolique. Ce travail de thèse vise à intensifier le prétraitement, l’extraction, la purification et la fonctionnalisation des acides caféoylquiniques à partir des racines forcées pour développer de nouvelles molécules bioactives biosourcées potentiellement intéressantes pour le secteur cosmétique et nutraceutique. Une dernière partie de la thèse porte sur l’étude technico-économique du procédé pour estimer sa rentabilité économique en fonction du secteur d’application visé. La première partie porte sur l’effet des prétraitements conventionnels (découpe et séchage) ainsi que l’effet d’un prétraitement électrique par champs électriques pulsés sur les teneurs en acides caféoylquiniques dans la biomasse. L’effet de l’ajout d’une solution antioxydante lors de l’extraction est également étudié. Dans un deuxième temps, une optimisation de l’extraction est réalisée à partir de biomasse sèche et fraiche. L’influence de facteurs tels que la température, le ratio solide/liquide, ainsi que la nature du solvant a été étudiée. De plus, des cinétiques d’extraction ont été tracées pour étudier les paramètres cinétiques à l’aide d’un modèle empirique. La pureté de l’extrait obtenu étant faible, des étapes de purification sont donc nécessaires. Par la suite, les travaux se sont portés sur la purification de l’extrait brut à l’aide de résines macroporeuses ainsi que par extraction liquide/liquide. Pour la purification par résine, un screening de résines est réalisé suivi d’une optimisation des conditions opératoires de purification avec la résine choisie. Des modélisations des phénomènes d’adsorption sont réalisées pour déterminer les étapes limitantes ainsi que la capacité maximale d’adsorption. Pour l’extraction liquide/liquide, un screening de solvants verts est effectué à partir d’un milieu aqueux et hydro-éthanolique puis une optimisation des conditions opératoires avec le meilleur solvant est réalisée. La pénultième partie de la thèse cherche à fonctionnaliser par estérification les acides caféoylquiniques à partir d’une solution modèle puis d’un extrait réel. Les conditions d’estérification sont optimisées pour augmenter la vitesse de réaction ainsi que le taux de conversion. Des esters avec différentes longueurs de chaine sont obtenus et l’activité antioxydante ainsi que les propriétés anti-UV sont étudiées. La fonctionnalisation est par la suite effectuée sur un extrait réel. Une étude technico-économique conclut la thèse permettant d’ouvrir sur des perspectives quant aux conditions nécessaires à l’industrialisation du procédé de valorisation des racines forcées d’endive
Forced chicory root is a by-product of Belgian endive culture, a typical crop of northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Currently under-utilized in methanation or animal feed, this by-product contains molecules of interest: caffeoylquinic acids. These molecules have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and a potential for reducing metabolic disorders. This thesis aims to intensify the pre-treatment, extraction, purification and functionalization of caffeoylquinic acids from forced chicory roots to develop new bioactive biosourced molecules of potential interest to the cosmetics and nutraceutical sectors. The final part of the thesis deals with a technico-economical study of the process to estimate its economic profitability in relation to the targeted application sector. The first part focuses on the effect of conventional pretreatments (cutting and drying) and the effect of pulsed electric field pretreatment on caffeoylquinic acid content in biomass. The effect of adding an antioxidant solution during extraction is also investigated. Secondly, extraction optimization is carried out using dry or fresh biomass. The influence of factors such as temperature, solid/liquid ratio and solvent type were studied. In addition, extraction kinetics were performed to study kinetic parameters using empirical models. As the purity of the extract obtained is low, purification steps are needed. The thesis then focused on purifying the crude extract obtained using macroporous resins and liquid/liquid extraction. For resin purification, resin screening was carried out, followed by optimization of the purification operating conditions with the chosen resin. Models of adsorption phenomena are carried out to identify the limiting stages and the maximum adsorption capacity. For liquid/liquid extraction, green solvent screening is carried out on aqueous and hydro-ethanolic media, followed by optimization of operating conditions with the best solvent. The penultimate part of the thesis seeks to functionalize caffeoylquinic acids by esterification, starting with a model solution and then a real extract. Esterification conditions are optimized to increase both reaction speed and conversion rate. Esters with different chain lengths were obtained, and biological activities such as antioxidant activity and anti-UV properties were studied. Functionalization is also performed with real extract. A technico-economic study concludes the thesis, opening up prospects for the industrialization of the forced chicory roots valorization process

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Wang, Xiaoxi. „Isolation and Purification of Anthocyanins from Black Bean Wastewater Using Macroporous Resins“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1523.

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Isolation and purification of anthocyanins from black bean canning wastewater by column chromatography with macroporous resins were investigated in this study. Different adsorption materials and adsorption conditions were compared and the most effective material and adsorption conditions were selected to purify anthocyanins. Purified anthocyanins then were identified by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The most effective macroporous resin was selected by comparing the adsorption performance of five different types of macroporous resins (Diaion Hp20, Sepabeads Sp70, Sepabeads Sp207, Sepabeads Sp700, and Sepabeads Sp710). Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of five resins with wastewater were measured and analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models could describe the adsorption process. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of anthocyanins were studied using a dynamic method on the five types of resins, and Sp700 presented the highest adsorption capacity as well as desorption capacity, indicating that Sp700 is a good candidate for purification of anthocyanins from black bean canning wastewater. The most effective adsorption conditions were tested using Sp700. Dynamic adsorption and desorption were performed in glass columns packed with Sepabead Sp700 to optimize the purification process. Temperature during adsorption and desorption (25°C and 35°C) did not significantly affect the adsorption and desorption ratio. Adsorption ratio was significantly reduced when the flow rate increased from 1.5 mL/min to 2.5 mL/min. However, desorption ratio was not affected by flow rate (from 1.5mL/min to 0.3mL/min). Ethanol concentration (from 30% to 60%) did not affect desorption ratio. Four kinds of anthocyanins were identified in black bean canning wastewater. The major anthocyanins were delphinidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and maldvidin 3-glucoside, with a small amount of petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside also in the final product.

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Bücher zum Thema "Resin purification"

Ben-Poorat, Shaaban. Evaluation of methods for the isolation or concentration of organic substances from water using XAD-4 quaternary resin. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Guter, Gerald A. Selenium selectivity in ion exchange resins. Sacramento, Calif: San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program, 1988.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment., Ontario Waste Management Branch, Canadian Oxy Chemicals Ltd, Zenon Environmental Inc und Industrial Waste Diversion Program (Ont.), Hrsg. Assessment of alternative phenol recovery processes: Report. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1991.

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Branch, Ontario Waste Management, Canadian Oxy Chemicals Ltd, Zenon Environmental Inc, Industrial Waste Diversion Program (Ont.) und Ontario. Ministry of the Environment., Hrsg. Assessment of alternative phenol recovery processes phase II pilot scale testing: Report. [Toronto]: Ontario, Ministry of the Environment, Waste Management Branch, 1991.

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Chian, E. S. K. Isolation and concentration of organic substances from water using synthetic resins and graphitized carbon black. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research and Development, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1985.

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C, Budd George, und AWWA Research Foundation, Hrsg. Evaluation of MIEX: Process impacts on different source waters. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2005.

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Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion-exchange Resins: Awwarf Report 91038f (Awwarf Report). Awwarf, 2005.

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Treatment of perchlorate using single-use ion exchange resins. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2004.

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(Compiler), George C. Budd, Bruce W. Long (Compiler) und jessica C. Edwards-Brandt (Compiler), Hrsg. Evaluation of Miex Process Impacts on Different Source Waters (Awwarf Report). AwwaRF, 2007.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Resin purification"

Mahajan, Ekta, Jay Werber, Kapil Kothary und Tina Larson. „One Resin, Multiple Products: A Green Approach to Purification“. In ACS Symposium Series, 87–111. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1125.ch006.

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Salvino, Joseph M. „19 F Gel-Phase NMR Spectroscopy for Reaction Monitoring and Quantification of Resin Loading“. In Analysis and Purification Methods in Combinatorial Chemistry, 37–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471531979.ch2.

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Li, Can, Lin Zhao, Xiaona Wang, Qiang Ren und Xinli Liu. „The Extraction and Regeneration of Resin XAD-16 in the Purification of Epothilones“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 469–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45657-6_49.

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Deibel, Martin R., Thomas J. Lobl, Anthony W. Yem, Daniel E. Tracey und Jeff W. Paslay. „On-resin biotinylation of a human interleukin-1 beta analog and its convenient one-step purification“. In Peptides, 245–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9595-2_73.

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Ríos, Sandra E., Erin M. Giaccone und Tillman U. Gerngross. „Rapid Screening of Chromatography Resins for the Purification of Proteins“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 99–106. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-456-8_7.

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Hermans, Pim, Hendrik Adams und Frank Detmers. „Purification of Antibodies and Antibody Fragments Using CaptureSelect™ Affinity Resins“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 297–314. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-992-5_19.

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Li, Jian-Feng, und Jen Sheen. „DNA Purification from Multiple Sources in Plant Research with Homemade Silica Resins“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 53–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-609-8_5.

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Penna, Thereza Christina Vessoni, Marina Ishii, Adalberto Pessoa Junior, Laura Oliveira de Nascimento, Luciana Cambricoli de Souza und Olivia Cholewa. „Evaluation of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein, Under Various Culture Conditions and Purification with HiTrap Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Resins“. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4–7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO, 453–68. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_39.

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Stortini, Roberto. „Purification of Effluents of Acid Copper and Nickel Plating Galvanic Processes with Conventional Cation Exchange Resins. Copper and Nickel Recovery“. In Fundamentals and Applications of Ion Exchange, 34–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5161-7_5.

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Acikalin Coskun, Kubra, Nazlıcan Yurekli, Elif Cansu Abay, Merve Tutar, Mervenur Al und Yusuf Tutar. „Structure- and Design-Based Difficulties in Recombinant Protein Purification in Bacterial Expression“. In Protein Detection [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103958.

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Protein purification is not a simple task. Yet, overexpression at bacterial systems with recombinant modifications brings further difficulties. Adding a tag, an affinity label, and expressing particular domains of the whole protein, especially hydrophobic sections, make purification a challenging process. Protein folding pattern may perturb N- or C-terminal tag and this terminal preference may lead to poor purification yield. Codon optimization, solvent content and type, ionic conditions, resin types, and self-cleavage of recombinant proteins bring further difficulties to protein expression and purification steps. The chapter overviews problems of protein purification through a small peptide overexpression in bacteria (Recombinant anti-SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antibody (Clone Sb#14). The chapter also covers troubleshooting at distinct steps and highlights essential points to solve crucial issues of protein purification.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Resin purification"

Ghanem, Fred, Purnima M. Kodate, Gerard M. Capellades und Kirti M. Yenkie. „Optimal Design of Antibody Extraction Systems using Protein A Resin with Multicycling“. In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 283–91. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.170492.

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Antibody therapies are important in treating life-threatening ailments such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Purity of the antibody is essential for successful applications and Protein A selective resin extraction is the standard step for antibody recovery. Unfortunately, such resins can cost up to 30% of the total cost of antibody production. Hence, the optimal design of this purification step becomes a critical factor in downstream processing to minimize the size of the column needed. An accurate predictive model, as a digital twin representing the purification process, is necessary where changes in the flow rates and the inlet concentrations are modeled via the Method of Moments. The system uncertainties are captured by including the stochastic Ito process model of Brownian motion with drift. Pontryagin�s Maximum Principle under uncertainty is then applied to predict the flowrate control strategy for optimized resin use, column design, and efficient capturing of the antibodies. In this study, the flow rate is controlled to optimize the process efficiency via maximizing the theoretical plate number with time, the objective for efficient resin usage within a fixed-size column. This work successfully achieved optimality, which was also confirmed via experimentation, leading to higher antibody resin loading capacity. When the work was expanded to 200 cycles of Protein A usage, significant improvements in the downstream process productivity were achieved allowing for smaller footprint columns to be used.

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Zhang, Wen Juan, Fengxia Xu und Xiao Hua. „Deuterization Process and Result Analysis of Resin in Heavy Water Purification System of a Reactor“. In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91360.

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Abstract This paper introduces in detail the whole process of resin replacement of heavy water purification system in a reactor reconstruction project in Algeria, including old resin discharge, pipeline cleaning, new resin filling, new resin deuterization, water quality detection, heavy water storage and continuous operation of the system. By sorting out deuterization data and tracking and analyzing the water quality detection results, it is considered that the resin deuterization process of the heavy water purification system of a reactor is smooth. After deuterization, the effluent concentrations of the three resin columns of the heavy water purification system meet the operation requirements. The whole deuterization process tries to save precious high concentration heavy water for Algeria. After deuterization, the resin column is connected to the heavy water purification system. After continuous operation and sampling detection, it is determined that the purification effect is ideal and the pH value is not affected. The resin of the heavy water purification system is successfully replaced and can be put into use. At the same time, aiming at some problems in the deuterization process, this paper analyzes the causes in detail, summarizes the experience and lessons, and gives optimization suggestions and precautions in the deuterization process.

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Ningtyas, Rani Pramudyo, Sang Kompiang Wirawan und Chandra Wahyu Purnomo. „Lithium purification from spent li-ion batteries leachate using ion exchange resin“. In THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICCST – 2020): Chemical Science and Technology Innovation for a Better Future. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0045707.

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Sun, Feilong, Guoni Chen, Yaru Yan, Tiantian Hou und Xiangzhi Dong. „Purification and identification of flavonoids in Portualca olearcea by macroporous adsorption resin and HPLC“. In 2016 International Conference on Innovative Material Science and Technology (IMST 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/imst-16.2016.42.

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Vijayan, Shiv, Makoto Kikuchi und Akihiro Komatsu. „Technology Perspectives on the Management of Spent-Resin Wastes Generated From Nuclear Power Reactor Operations“. In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22573.

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Organic-resin wastes (spent resins) are generated by different purification systems employed in all types of nuclear power reactors during routine and non-routine operations. The quantities of such resin wastes, and their inventories of contaminants vary depend on the operational goals of the individual power plant. Depending on the regulatory target in the particular jurisdiction where the reactor is located, the type and amounts of radionuclides, metals and other chemical contaminants in the resin waste determine the extent of treatment required for interim storage or final disposal of the waste. Resin-waste treatment comprises different operations such as pretreatment, conditioning/stabilization and containerization that produce a waste package suitable for handling, transport, storage and disposal. One aspect of the contaminants that has significant impact on waste conditioning and the overall cost of managing such wastes are the concentrations of short half-life (arbitrarily less than approximately 30 years) radionuclides, and long half-life radionuclides, in particular carbon-14, and toxic metals present in the waste. A spectrum of resin-waste conditioning methods is available. Some methods have been applied to specific situations while others are being developed for future applications to meet the need for reducing worker dose, environmental releases, and waste-storage and disposal costs. This paper describes waste treatment options for low-level radioactive resin wastes and potential options of resin wastes containing appreciable amounts of carbon-14. Indications are that drying of the resin waste containing long half-life radionuclides such as carbon-14 and compaction or pelletizing can be favourable to allow interim dry-storage of the waste and to provide sufficient flexibility in the preparation of a suitable waste form to meet applicable waste acceptance criteria for the eventual disposal of such wastes.

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Sun, Yang, Hongyue Chen, Chao Xu, Ding Song und Yi Hu. „Study on Purification of Chlorogenic Acid from Flos Lonicera Japonicae by Ionic Liquid Modified Macroporous Resin“. In Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Mechatronics and Civil Engineering (ICAMMCE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icammce-18.2018.9.

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Yan, Xiaojie, Sheng Huang, Fenglai Lu, Zhixin Gu, Lei Wang, Yonglin Huang und Dianpeng Li. „Enrichment and purification of phenols from Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn by HP-20 macroporous resin“. In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.81.

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Baltaeva, Madina, Maxim Orlov, Dong Kyu Cha und Subhash Ayirala. „Sustainable Ion-Exchange Resins for Produced Water Treatment“. In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213239-ms.

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Abstract Produced water is by far the largest by product by volume associated with oil and gas production. To minimize environmental impact of the produced water disposal, reuse produced water, and fulfill the targeted Zero-Liquid-Discharge approach, it is necessary to develop new economically viable technologies for water purification. The objectives of the research enclose development of the sustainable ion-exchange resin from the discarded expanded polystyrene via a multi-stage process with plasma treatment. The process of sustainable ion-exchange resins’ preparation includes several consecutive steps. At first, a polystyrene waste is collected and dissolved in an organic solvent.After that the polymeric beads are prepared using a microdroplet precipitation mechanism. Then, one part of the polystyrene beads is modified with the green gas-liquid interfacial plasma (GLIP) sulfonation process producing a strong acidic cation exchange resin. The other part is functionalized by amine groups in cyclopropylamine medium producing strong basic anion exchange resin. Robust and self-sustained process for creating the polystyrene beads was developedusing the «solvent-non-solvent» system. The bead formation process is realized by a controlled, laminar liquid jet broken into equally sized beads by vibrations at optimized frequency value. This process was performed using the in-house state-of-the-art encapsulator instrument. The concentration of waste expanded polystyrene and a filler in a solution was optimized. The size of obtained porous beads was measure around 750-1000 micron and can be controlled by the nozzle size and frequency of vibration. The research describes a new method of sustainable ion-exchange resin creation. The utilization of this novel material is a beneficial approach to re-use plastic waste and reuse it to clean produced water from dissolved salts. Moreover, plasma technology that is used for polystyrene treatment is probably the most versatile surface treatment technique and, moreover, it is environmentally friendly.

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Huang, Yingjun, Xudong Liao, Guoyun Bai, Bo Li und Miao Lou. „Research on Helium Mass-spectrometer Back Pressure Leak Detection Purification Craft for the Specimen with Epoxy Resin“. In 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmbe-16.2016.19.

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Tuan, Vi Nha, Le Thi Kim Phung und Lai Quoc Dat. „Purification of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) from fermentation of defatted rice bran extract by using ion exchange resin“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FOOD AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (ICCFB2017): Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5000175.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Resin purification"

Marsh, S. F. Improved recovery and purification of plutonium at Los Alamos using macroporous anion exchange resin. Herausgegeben von M. J. Mann. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6352241.

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Brown, M. Developing Inorganic Resins for Radium and Actinium Generators and Purifications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1908454.

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Grumet, Rebecca, und Benjamin Raccah. Identification of Potyviral Domains Controlling Systemic Infection, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695842.bard.

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Potyviruses form one of the largest and most economically important groups of plant viruses. Individual potyviruses and their isolates vary in symptom expression, host range, and ability to overcome host resistance genes. Understanding factors influencing these biological characteristics is of agricultural importance for epidemiology and deployment of resistance strategies. Cucurbit crops are subject to severe losses by several potyviruses including the highly aggressive and variable zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In this project we sought to investigate protein domains in ZYMV that influence systemic infection and host range. Particular emphasis was on coat protein (CP), because of known functions in both cell to cell and long distance movement, and helper component-protease (HC-Pro), which has been implicated to play a role in symptom development and long distance movement. These two genes are also essential for aphid mediated transmission, and domains that influence disease development may also influence transmissibility. The objectives of the approved BARD project were to test roles of specific domains in the CP and HC-Pro by making sequence alterations or switches between different isolates and viruses, and testing for infectivity, host range, and aphid transmissibility. These objectives were largely achieved as described below. Finally, we also initiated new research to identify host factors interacting with potyviral proteins and demonstrated interaction between the ZYMV RNA dependent RNA polymerase and host poly-(A)-binding protein (Wang et al., in press). The focus of the CP studies (MSU) was to investigate the role of the highly variable amino terminus (NT) in host range determination and systemic infection. Hybrid ZYMV infectious clones were produced by substituting the CP-NT of ZYMV with either the CP-NT from watermelon mosaic virus (overlapping, but broader host range) or tobacco etch virus (TEV) (non- overlapping host range) (Grumet et al., 2000; Ullah ct al., in prep). Although both hybrid viruses initially established systemic infection, indicating that even the non-cucurbit adapted TEV CP-NT could facilitate long distance transport in cucurbits, after approximately 4-6, the plants inoculated with the TEV-CPNT hybrid exhibited a distinct recovery of reduced symptoms, virus titer, and virus specific protection against secondary infection. These results suggest that the plant recognizes the presence of the TEV CP-NT, which has not been adapted to infection of cucurbits, and initiates defense responses. The CP-NT also appears to play a role in naturally occurring resistance conferred by the zym locus in the cucumber line 'Dina-1'. Patterns of virus accumulation indicated that expression of resistance is developmentally controlled and is due to a block in virus movement. Switches between the core and NT domains of ZYMV-NAA (does not cause veinal chlorosis on 'Dina-1'), and ZYMV-Ct (causes veinal chlorosis), indicated that the resistance response likely involves interaction with the CP-NT (Ullah and Grumet, submitted). At the Volcani Center the main thrust was to identify domains in the HC-Pro that affect symptom expression or aphid transmissibility. From the data reported in the first and second year report and in the attached publications (Peng et al. 1998; Kadouri et al. 1998; Raccah et al. 2000: it was shown that: 1. The mutation from PTK to PAK resulted in milder symptoms of the virus on squash, 2. Two mutations, PAK and ATK, resulted in total loss of helper activity, 3. It was established for the first time that the PTK domain is involved in binding of the HC-Pro to the potyvirus particle, and 4. Some of these experiments required greater amount of HC-Pro, therefore a simpler and more efficient purification method was developed based on Ni2+ resin.

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