Zeitschriftenartikel: „Residential areas close to the centre“

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Ceccato, Vania, Guangquan Li und Robert Haining. „The ecology of outdoor rape: The case of Stockholm, Sweden“. European Journal of Criminology 16, Nr. 2 (19.05.2018): 210–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818770842.

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The objective of this article is to report the results of an ecological study into the geography of rape in Stockholm, Sweden, using small area data. In order to test the importance of factors indicating opportunity, accessibility and anonymity to the understanding of the geography of rape, a two-stage modelling approach is implemented. First, the overall risk factors associated with the occurrence of rape are identified using a standard Poisson regression, then a local analysis using profile regression is performed. Findings from the whole-map analysis show that accessibility, opportunity and anonymity are all, to different degrees, important in explaining the overall geography of rape - examples of these risk factors are the presence of subway stations or whether a basområde is close to the city centre. The local analysis reveals two groupings of high risk of rape areas associated with a variety of risk factors: city centre areas with a concentration of alcohol outlets, high residential population turnover and high counts of robbery; and poor suburban areas with schools and large female residential populations where subway stations are located and where people express a high fear of crime. The article concludes by reflecting upon the importance of these results for future research as well as indicating the implications of these results for policy.

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Raslanas, Saulius, Jurgita Alchimovienė und Nerija Banaitienė. „RESIDENTIAL AREAS WITH APARTMENT HOUSES: ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF BUILDINGS, PLANNING ISSUES, RETROFIT STRATEGIES AND SCENARIOS / DAUGIABUČIŲ NAMŲ GYVENAMUOSIUOSE RAJONUOSE BŪKLĖS, PLANAVIMO PROBLEMŲ IR ATNAUJINIMO STRATEGIJŲ BEI SCENARIJŲ ANALIZĖ“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 15, Nr. 2 (04.07.2011): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2011.586531.

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Modernisation of apartment houses is a particularly relevant issue both in Lithuania and many other countries. To make it more efficient, the modernisation of apartment houses must be integrated–an entire block or residential area must be renovated and the principles of sustainable development must be followed. This article dwells on the issues related to retrofit planning in residential blocks/areas and analyses the condition of apartment houses and their environment. The article also proposes strategies for retrofit of residential areas with apartment houses. The strategies aim to improve the living standards and the quality of environment, to cut energy consumption and Co2 emissions, to maintain mixed social structure, to integrate new buildings into the existing environment in a sustainable manner, to develop an urban centre of a residential area as a functioning part of the city, to develop democratic planning and to seek close cooperation of modernisation partners. The scenarios based on relevant strategies must define the measures of retrofit, their priority and their potential effect. Santrauka Daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų modernizavimas šiuo metu yra ypač aktuali problema ne tik Lietuvoje, betir daugelyje kitų šalių. Kad modernizavimas būtų efektyvesnis, daugiabučius reikia atnaujinti kompleksiškai, modernizuojant visą kvartalą, rajoną, vadovaujantis darniosios plėtros principais. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamos gyvenamųjų kvartalų, rajonų atnaujinimo planavimo problemos, analizuojama daugiabučių ir jų aplinkos būklė. Siūlomos daugiabučių rajonų atnaujinimo strategijos, kuriomis siekiama: gerinti gyvenimo standartus ir aplinkos kokybę, mažinti energijos suvartojimą ir CO2 emisiją, išlaikyti mišrią socialinę struktūrą, darnų naujų pastatų integravimą į jau egzistuojančią aplinką, plėtoti miesto centro kaip funkcionalios miesto dalies daugiabučių namų rajone sukūrimą, demokratinį planavimą bei prie modernizavimo prisidedančių partnerių glaudų bendradarbiavimą. Scenarijai, grindžiami atitinkamomis strategijomis, privalo apibrėžti renovacijos darbų priemones, jų įgyvendinimo prioretiškumą ir būsimus poveikius.

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Heilhecker, Ellen, Richard P. Thiel und Wayne Hall. „Wolf, Canis lupus, Behavior in Areas of Frequent Human Activity“. Canadian Field-Naturalist 121, Nr. 3 (01.07.2007): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i3.472.

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We report incidental observations of Wolves (Canis lupus) tolerating human activity in central Wisconsin. Three monitored packs raised pups in close proximity to varying levels of human activity. Wolf pups were raised <350m from rearing pens of the endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana), which saw daily human activity. One pack used cornfields as rendezvous sites within 175 m of a maintenance shed visited regularly by workers. Another pack centered their activities along a well-traveled state highway using both the verge and the road center for activity. Aerial locations of 10 yearling and adult dispersing Wolves were plotted to evalute human densities in natal territories relative to dispersal and post-dispersal territories. Township densities (mean = 9.02 humans/km2, SE = 4.015) and residential densities (mean = 5.59 housing units/km2, SE = 2.12 ) in natal pack territories were significantly greater (P <.01) for dispersal and post-dispersal township densities (mean = 43.98 humans/km2, SE =7.37) and residence densities (mean = 23.12 housing units/km2, SE =3.49). Furthermore, a pup negotiated the densely populated region of northern Illinois and dispersed from central Wisconsin to east-central Indiana, a distance of at least 690 km. As Wolves live in closer proximity to humans, living in areas of higher township and residential densities, they can be expected to be more habituated to people, increasing the probability of human/Wolf conflicts.

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Rusdi, Muhammad, Muhammad Irham, Sugianto Sugianto, Ruhizal Roosli, Mohd Sanusi S Ahamad und Yudi Haditiar. „Settlement suitability mapping based on the salinity index in the Banda Aceh City“. Depik 10, Nr. 1 (07.04.2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.1.18413.

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The availability of accurate land data is useful in planning, policymaking, regional development, and preserving the environment. Banda Aceh is the center of education and development in Aceh, Indonesia, which is located in the coastal area. The tsunami has had a significant impact on development and settlements in Banda Aceh. Currently, settlements in Banda Aceh rapidly grow also the need for land and water resources. Therefore, mapping the potential for residential land in Banda Aceh is required. This study examines land suitability in Banda Aceh based on the FAO salinity criteria and spatial data analysis by remote sensing methods. Based on the results, it is known that Banda Aceh has land suitable for settlement of around 85% or 2975 hectares. These areas are generally located close to watersheds and receive sufficient freshwater input. Meanwhile, areas far from rivers and close to the coast have brackish salinity. This area is not suitable as a residential area. There are about three sub-districts in Banda Aceh which are not suitable for settlement.Keywords:KrigingRemote sensingSettlementSalinity mappingCoastalBanda Aceh

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Eldek Güner, Hikmet. „Evaluation of a Modernist Approach through Buildings in Kayseri, Turkey“. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 49, Nr. 2 (27.11.2018): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.12643.

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Kayseri was an important commercial city throughout history, and with the declaration of the Republic, it continued its importance in different areas. The city has many original buildings from the Early Republican Period and was a model of modernisation set on a western ideology. Modernisation of the Republic was started with industrialisation. Consequently, Kayseri became an industrial city in the early 20th century. Investments (both economic and spatial) made by government were later continued by the private sector. Industrialisation was seen as the most important dynamic of development and key to modernisation. This situation resulted in the establishment of a new Kayseri around the industrial area and was viewed as an example for a modern Turkey. These industrial areas were constructed close to the boundary of the city centre. At the same time, the city centre was reconstructed according to modern city planning and the new style (modern style). The ceremonial ground (city square), an urban grid system, wide main transport routes, new public and municipal buildings, which were symbols of international style, were constructed by destroying the historic city centre in the Early Republic Period.The Republic was not only constructing new public buildings in a modern style; it was tried to build a new life with the modern residential areas. Instead of the traditional dwellings, modern houses were constructed to illustrate the new lifestyle together with new functional buildings such as modern education complexes, a community centre, stadium and train station were all constructed to show how to live the modern life.The city gained a new face with the changes starting from 1930. Today, many buildings, belonging to the Early Republican Period, are not being considered in the conservation of cultural heritage and are in danger. Industrial complexes, residential areas, public places are seen as a building stock destined to disappear and be replaced by new buildings. These earlier buildings hold important historical, social, economic and political values. Similarly, construction techniques and materials were also unique for that period.The aim of this study is to draw attention to the 20th century buildings in Kayseri constructed in the Early Republic Period, and classify these buildings under different headings (industry, housing, public space, educational space, open spaces) with the photographs, plans and history, thus defining their values and why they must be conserved. Republic was not only constructed new public buildings in modern style, it was tried to build a new life with the modern residential areas. Instead of the traditional dwellings, modern houses were constructed for point out of new life style and also new functioned buildings like as modern education complexes, community center, stadium, train station were constructed to show how to live in the modern life. The city has gained a new face with the changes starting from 1930. Today many buildings, belonging to the Early Republican Period, are not being considered in the conservation of cultural heritage and they are in danger. Industrial complexes, residential areas, public places are seen as a stock of a building and faced to disappear for constructed for the new buildings. They have very important values like as historical, social, economic and politic. Also construction techniques and materials were also unique for that period. The aim of this study is, to attract attention on 20th century buildings in Kayseri which are constructed in Early Republic Period, to classify these buildings in different headings (industry, housing, public space, educational space, open space …etc) with the photographs, plans and history. In general, meaning the main aim of this study is to define their values and explain why they must be conserved.

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Gijseghem, Hendrik Van. „Household and Family at Moche, Peru: An Analysis of Building and Residence Patterns in a Prehispanic Urban Center“. Latin American Antiquity 12, Nr. 3 (September 2001): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971632.

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The Moche was the last complex society to develop on the Peruvian north coast during the Early Intermediate Period (200 B. C.-700 A. D.). While archaeological research on the Moche has traditionally concentrated on the impressive marks of political and religious power, we know relatively little about Moche household organization and patterns of residence. In this research, conducted at the eponymous site of Moche, I identify three types of architectural organization relating to both residential and nonresidential spaces. An analysis of building materials and architectural superposition suggests a close relationship among construction quality, household size, and occupational continuity, in the case of residential architecture. The observed differences, I argue, reflect strategies of household social reproduction among Moche's urban population that depend largely on socioeconomic status. I also contend that different forms of labor were responsible for the construction of residential compounds and other specialized areas, the function of which may not be primarily residential. This research emphasizes the great potential of studying domesticity in prehistory as well as the dynamics of urban construction and suggests methods effective for the reconstruction of household forms and change in sedentary societies.

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ANDERSSON, EVA K., MARIANNE ABRAMSSON und BO MALMBERG. „Patterns of changing residential preferences during late adulthood“. Ageing and Society 39, Nr. 8 (17.04.2018): 1752–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000259.

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ABSTRACTEarlier research on residential mobility has demonstrated a tendency for the young old of the 55+ population to prefer peripheral locations, whereas older age groups choose central locations. Here, we present survey results indicating that such late-adulthood differences in preferences are supported by age-related shifts corresponding to differences in housing preferences expressed by individuals in peripheral as well as central locations in Sweden. A sample of 2,400 individuals aged 55 years and over was asked to select the seven most important characteristics of a dwelling from a list of 21 alternatives (Survey of Housing Intentions among the ELDerly in Sweden (SHIELD), 2013). The preferences expressed were used as dependent variables in logistic regressions to determine to what extent the housing preferences of older people are linked to age, gender, socio-economic status and type of geographical area. The results demonstrated a close link between neighbourhood characteristics and housing preferences. Owning the dwelling, having a garden and access to nature were stressed as important by individuals living in non-metropolitan middle-class areas and in suburban elite areas. The youngest cohort expressed similar preferences. Older age groups instead stressed the importance of an elevator, single-storey housing and a good design for independent living; preferences that have similarities to those expressed by individuals living in large cities and smaller urban centres where such housing is more readily available.

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Masztalski, Robert, und Marcin Michalski. „Role of Housing Reconstruction Between Years 2000 - 2014 in Merging of Urban Structure of The North East Wrocław / Rola Zabudowy Mieszkaniowej z Lat 2000-2014 w Scalaniu Struktury Urbanistycznej Północno-Wschodniego Wrocławia“. Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 20, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2016-0005.

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Abstract The article presents the urban structure of the North-East of Wroclaw, where in the vicinity of the historic buildings and residential buildings from the 70s of the last century, and between, in the last 20 years there were built new buildings, as binding material of the urban structure. The new multifamily housing development of years 2000-2014 of Psie Pole as a housing development in Wroclaw, closes the gap between the historic district residential buildings in the old Psie Pole and the buildings of large slabs of the 70s of the twentieth century. The contemporary residential development uses the existing social infrastructure centre of the old Psie Pole district, and also the social infrastructure of the housing development of 70s of the twentieth century. The authors analyze, in the first part, the spatial development of these areas on the basis of historical materials. In the following, based on an analysis of urban structure created in the last 15 years of development, analyze existing conditions, context and value (in terms of urban planning - the wealth of social infrastructure), the contemporary housing development of Psie Pole.

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Okuyama, Kenta, Takafumi Abe, Xinjun Li, Yuta Toyama, Kristina Sundquist und Toru Nabika. „Neighborhood Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Status among Rural Older Adults in Japan“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 4 (04.02.2021): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041450.

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(1) Background: Although several neighborhood environmental factors have been identified to be associated with older adults’ physical activity, little research has been done in rural areas where the population is aging. This study aimed to investigate neighborhood environmental factors and the longitudinal change of physical activity status among rural older adults in Japan. (2) Methods: The study included 2211 older adults, aged over 60 years, residing in three municipalities in Shimane prefecture and participating at least twice in annual health checkups between 2010 and 2019. Physical activity was identified based on self-report. Hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were calculated for each subject. Hazard ratios for the incidence of physical inactivity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. (3) Results: We found that 994 (45%) of the study subjects became physically inactive during the follow-up. Those living far from a community center had a lower risk of becoming physically inactive compared to those living close to a community center. When the analysis was stratified by residential municipality, this association remained in Ohnan town. Those living in hilly areas had a higher risk of becoming physically inactive in Okinoshima town. (4) Conclusions: The impact of neighborhood environmental factors on older adults’ physical activity status might differ by region possibly due to different terrain and local lifestyles.

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Cisek, Ewa. „IDEA OF ECOSTRUCTURE IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE OF OSLO“. Space&FORM 45 (30.03.2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.45.b-01.

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The revitalization actions carried out in recent years within the urban tissue of Oslo made it possible to generate architectural layouts of a new character known as eco-structures. They are created both in the wharf zones of the city and accompanying natural and artificially formed promontories (Fjordbyen enterprise) as well as in its very centre (Grünerløkke district). These are old closed port and post-industrial areas now transformed into new layouts with residential, service, culture-creating and recreation functions. Frequently shaped on the border of two environments, i.e. urban and water as well as urban and park ones, they create a new quality of architecture making a dialogue with the natural environment and the local ecosystem.

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Ritter, Erie W., John W. Foster, Robert I. Orlins, Louis A. Payen und Paul D. Bouey. „Informative archaeological signatures at Bahía de las Ánimas, Baja California“. Estudios Fronterizos, Nr. 35-36 (01.01.1995): 151–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21670/ref.1995.35-36.a08.

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Bahía de las Ánimas along Baja California's central GuIf coast was a major focus of prebistoric activities. Here family groups relied on a rich and diverse marine and terrestrial food base close at hand. Numerous archaeological sites are evident including shellmounds, f1aked stone tool worlcshops, smaller residential bases, and a mortuary center. Occupation is evident from initial Mission-era sites with brown ware ceramics to remains perhaps thousands of years old. It is hypothesized that over time the regional inhabitants may have intensified and diversified their food gathering practices with concomitant popuJation increases and links with areas nearby including those to the interior and Bahía de los Ángeles. Stress reduction mechanisms, in addition to the regionallinks with othec groups, may have included various ritual activities and the beginnings of social differentiation.

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Kopeć, Marcin. „Rewitalizacja przemysłowych miast angielskich na przykładzie Barnsley“. Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 12 (04.06.2009): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.12.17.

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Polish cities need to redevelop post-industrial areas located within their boundaries. Cities’ authorities, while preparing regeneration programs, can use best practices of Western European cities. One very good example is the case of the English town Barnsley. Barnsley in earlier days was famous for coal mining, but the last pit was closed in 1994. With the demise of the coal industry, people suffered from unemployment and the town from losing its main revenue sources (in 2000, the town was ranked 16th out of 354 most deprived district of England). Town was blighted by a very high incidence of post-industrial areas: disused colliery spoil tips, pit yards and the railway infrastructure which served the collieries. For many years Barnsley has carried out an extensive land reclamation program, together with investments put into new road links and job creation schemes for the former colliery workers. Between 1982 and 2003, over 23 million GBP was spent on the restoration of over 600 hectares of derelict land. Barnsley’s vision is to be a 21st Century Market Town. Those plans are prepared for the next 30 years, and the budget of 380 million GBP (including EU co-financing) constitutes the basis for the town transformation. In 2002, the Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council, together with local partners, started the Rethinking Barnsley weekend, a consultation project, which was the entry for preparing the urban centre regeneration program, called Remaking Barnsley. Planned and partly realised projects include construction of the new Barnsley Interchange – bus and coach station opened in May 2007, new cultural centre in the old Civic Hall, new commercial centre in Barnsley Markets, Digital Media Centre – opened in August 2007 – an incubator of new technologies, as well as new office and residential areas in the town centre. New business parks opened the new possibilities on the labour market. A well planned and perfectly realised process of the town development, started by wide citizens’ consultancy program, treated as a basis for establishing the town development vision, transformed then into an action plan and verified by already completed projects, is a good example to be copied by Polish towns.

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Östh, John, Ian Shuttleworth und Thomas Niedomysl. „Spatial and temporal patterns of economic segregation in Sweden’s metropolitan areas: A mobility approach“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, Nr. 4 (20.03.2018): 809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18763167.

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The statistical resources at hand for segregation research are usually almost exclusively confined to annual or decennial records where the only available spatial information is the individual’s place of residence. This coarse temporal periodicity and spatial resolution provides a very limited account of people’s diurnal lives. Incorporating mobility and temporal dimensions in segregation analysis is advocated within a growing body of research but there has rarely been sufficient data to make this possible. In this paper, we employ a fine-grained mobile phone dataset outlining the daily mobility of a substantial sample of the residents in Sweden’s metropolitan areas. Combining spatial trajectory data with detailed socio-economic residential statistics, we are able to study how everyday spatial mobility in cities shapes the segregation experiences of people and changes the segregation levels of places. Results indicate that while mobility alleviates segregation for some individuals, the population of a large number of areas remain highly segregated even when daily mobility is taken into account. Individuals residing or spending time in central urban areas are more exposed to individuals from other areas because of daily moves to these central places. Daytime movement to central areas also reduces segregation significantly for people from places remote from city centres but with high average levels of mobility whilst daytime segregation levels remain close to their original night-time levels in low-mobility areas in the outskirts of the cities.

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Ozdemir, Adnan, und Mahmut Tahir Nalbantcilar. „Potential Settlement Due to Seismic Effects in the Residential Area of Ilgin (Konya, Turkey)“. Earth Sciences Research Journal 20, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n2.50062.

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Ilgin lies on newly formed, loose, granular deposits, and there is a substantial risk for surface liquefaction and foundation settlements due to the seismic effects resulting from groundwater close to the surface. This study evaluates potential settlement due to seismic effects in the residential areas of Ilgin using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) performed on 45 geotechnical bores. In Turkey, where earthquakes occur frequently, the selection of residential areas is of great importance. In this research, the number of settlements was calculated considering an earthquake having a Local Magnitude of 6 (i.e., ML ≥ 6.0 and a ≥ 0.4 g) under a 0.4 g seismic force, and a potential settlement map of the residential area was prepared. The amount of settlement exceeds 20 cm at locations near Ilgin Lake and in the northern section of Ilgin residential areas; downtown, the settlement ranges from 10-20 cm. The settlements presented here exceed the allowable threshold limits for structures constructed using adobe and brick in this district. Thus, improvements to minimize earthquake-induced damages are required for structures in Ilgin. Moreover, the selection of new residential areas, along with the proper design of the structures before construction, should be examined further to avoid ground liquefaction and structure damage due to settlement. ResumenLa localidad de Ilgin está ubicada sobre depósitos recién formados, granulares y no compactos, por lo que existe un riesgo sustancial de licuefacción de la superficie y la creación de asentamientos o deslizamientos debido a los efectos sísmicos resultantes del agua subterránea poco profunda. Este artículo evalúa el potencial de asentamiento debido a los efectos sísmicos en las áreas residenciales de Ilgin a través del Ensayo de Penetración Estándar (SPT, en inglés) realizado en 45 perforaciones geotécnicas. En Turquía, donde los terremotos ocurren frecuentemente, la selección de áreas residenciales es de gran importancia. En esta investigación, se calculó el número de asentamientos ante un terremoto con Magnitud Local (ML) de 6 y con una fuerza sísmica de 0.4 g para preparar un mapa de asentamientos en el área residencial. La cantidad de asentamientos supera los 20 centímetros en lugares cercanos al lago Ilgin y en la sección norte del área residencial; en el centro, los rangos de asentamiento van de 10 a 20 cm. Los asentamientos presentados exceden los límites de lo permitido para estructuras construidas en adobe y ladrillo en este distrito. Por esto, se requieren mejoras para minimizar los daños inducidos por terremotos en las estructuras de Ilgin. Además, la selección de nuevas áreas residenciales, junto con el diseño apropiado de las estructuras antes de la construcción, debe ser revisado atentamente para evitar la licuefacción del suelo y el daño de las estructuras debido al asentamiento.

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Xi, Tian Yu, Jian Hua Ding und Hong Jin. „Study on the Influence of Piloti Arrangement on Outdoor Wind Environment in Residential Blocks in Subtropical Climate Zones“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.227.

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To create shadows and enhance ventilation, piloti is commonly used in subtropical climate areas, and the influence of piloti on outdoor environment need to be revealed. Taking the city of Guangzhou China, as an example, by adopting coupled simulation method, this work researched on the influence of piloti on wind environment in residential blocks. Firstly, a series of building cases with piloti in the center of each building was simulated, and the piloti of each case is 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Secondly, another 3 cases with 50 percent piloti ratio were simulated, and the piloti arrangement method is crossed, vertical and horizontal for each case. The results showed that, when piloti is in the center of each building, both of velocity under piloti and out of piloti area showed positive correlation with piloti ratio, and the inflection point is 60 percent and 80 percent independently. The result of another 3 cases was plotted on the figure of piloti centralized cases, and for the velocity out of piloti area, the value of these 3 cases is very close to each other and much lower than the centralized case. For the velocity under piloti area, the vertical piloti arrangement case fits the trend of centralized cases well, and the horizontal and cross piloti arrangement case is much lower than that of centralized cases.

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Okba, Benameur, Valerio Cutini, Francesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori und Noureddine Zemmouri. „Relation between soundscape and spatial configuration in different urban contexts“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 5 (01.08.2021): 1405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1834.

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During the last decade, the problem of noise pollution has continued to increase in Europe as well as in under-developed countries. This issue is stressed in city centers, owing to the abundance of residential activities, vehicle traffic and multiple services. This study investigates the relationship between urban spatial configuration and environment soundscape in two different areas: Pisa historic center, Italy and Biskra downtown, Algeria, using the potential of Space Syntax theory in predicting noise levels distribution. For this analysis, thirty stations of measurements were held in each area during day time using a Sound Level Meter. A Noise map was modeled using the interpolation tool provided by a Geographic Information System program, while the collected data were correlated with the Angular Segment Analysis variables. The findings reveal a close relationship between the sound levels obtained and Space Syntax theory global and local indexes such as Normalized Choice and Integration, which signifies the ability of the approach in describing the sound phenomenon in different urban contexts.

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Riccioli, Francesco, Roberto Fratini und Fabio Boncinelli. „The Impacts in Real Estate of Landscape Values: Evidence from Tuscany (Italy)“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 4 (19.02.2021): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042236.

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Using spatial econometric techniques and local spatial statistics, this study explores the relationships between the real estate values in Tuscany with the individual perception of satisfaction by landscape types. The analysis includes the usual territorial variables such as proximity to urban centres and roads. The landscape values are measured through a sample of respondents who expressed their aesthetic-visual perceptions of different types of land use. Results from a multivariate local Geary highlight that house prices are not spatial independent and that between the variables included in the analysis there is mainly a positive correlation. Specifically, the findings demonstrate a significant spatial dependence in real estate prices. The aesthetic values influence the real estate price throughout more a spatial indirect effect rather than the direct effect. Practically, house prices in specific areas are more influenced by aspects such as proximity to essential services. The results seem to show to live close to highly aesthetic environments not in these environments. The results relating to the distance from the main roads, however, seem counterintuitive. This result probably depends on the evidence that these areas suffer from greater traffic jam or pollution or they are preferred for alternative uses such as for locating industrial plants or big shopping centres rather than residential use. Therefore, these effects decrease house prices.

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Zarbaliyeva, Nijabat. „General Plan of Volgograd: A Territorial Analysis of Current Trends in the Economic Development of the City“. Natural Systems and Resources, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.2.5.

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The article analyzes the master plan for the development of Volgograd, which defines the main directions of urban development of the city, developed a comprehensive urban zoning of the territory. According to the socio-economic and territorial prerequisites for the reconstruction of the city, a program of priority townplanning measures has been established. The main goal of the urban development of the city is to preserve and increase the architectural, spatial, historical, cultural and landscape identity of the city, creating for the population and future generations favorable for life, a safe and diverse urban environment. The General plan is made to implement the functions of Volgograd both a center of region and considering the close relationships with the cities and settlements within the zone of its direct influence. It is the basis for the development and implementation of long-term and priority programs for the development of urban infrastructure, conservation and development of natural areas, reconstruction of residential and industrial areas, development of public, business and cultural centers, tourism and recreation facilities, integrated landscaping, urban planning projects. The location in the most attractive Volga strip a severe large industrial enterprises, complicating the environmental situation, is a serious obstacle to the harmonious development of Volgograd. The gradual liberation of the Volga riverbank from production functions and their replacement by public-residential and recreational ones is one of the most urgent modern tasks of Volgograd. For such a long city as Volgograd, the development of transport infrastructure is vital. It is the good connectivity of all areas is considered the basis of urban sustainability and the integrity of the urban organism. In the General plan, the development of transport infrastructure is considered from the position of both external and internal transport. the Master plan is focused on the maximum possible disclosure of the existing potential of the Volgograd transport hub, strengthening its role as one of the largest hubs of Federal importance. There are many measures aimed at the development of external transport links. Much attention is paid to the development of inbound tourism. The main objective of the policy in the field of tourism is to create a modern highly efficient and competitive tourist product on the territory of Volgograd.

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Helmholz, P., D. Bulatov, B. Kottler, P. Burton, F. Mancini, M. May, E. Strauß und M. Hecht. „QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF URBAN INFILL ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT – A CASE STUDY FOR AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM DENSITY MODEL“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W1-2021 (03.09.2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w1-2021-43-2021.

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Abstract. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) impact the quality of life in many urban centres. Metropolitan areas of Australian cities and urbanised regional centres, in particular, show vulnerability towards UHIs due to challenging climatic conditions and the model of greater subdivision of established properties whereby backyards and mature trees are replaced with more residential dwellings and sealed areas. The measurements for the UHI mitigation, such as imposing reforestation, employing sustainable and medium density housing build form typology must be quantified. Simulation-based identification and mitigation of UHIs can be used for planning decisions. There are several advantages to use simulations. For instance, alternative subdivision design, building design and the placement of trees and other measures is only required in the digital twin. Experimenting with the digital twin saves resources and maximises the outcome by being able to quantify the heat reduction. The aim of this work is to quantify the impact of the current urban infill methods on UHI. We focus on an area that has gone through a process of re-subdivision that is bounded by roads within Perth, Western Australia. For the same area we propose an alternative design with an urban infill model based on a medium density housing guidelines with an improved green space allocation. While the current model shows significant effects of UHIs we could mitigate those effects in the alternative proposed model. In our simulation the hottest surfaces are roads with a temperature of approximately 45 °C at 2PM in the afternoon. In the current model close to 100% of the road surfaces reach this temperature. In contrast, in the alternative model only 45% of all road surfaces reach this temperature, significantly reducing the impact of UHI for pedestrian walking close by to those roads. At 2PM, the most frequent temperature of all surfaces for the current model is around 44 °C while the alternative’s model the most frequent temperature is approximately 28 °C – a difference of 16 °C.

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Sinaga, Ronald Yohanes Clinton. „The Spatial Analysis Urban Structure of Medan Baru Subdistrict“. International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 5, Nr. 2 (26.08.2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v5i2.6833.

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A city is a residential area that is physically indicated by a group of houses that dominate the layout and have facilities to support the lives of its citizens independently. In order to optimize urban development, the use of urban space needs to be directed into a city spatial plan consisting of spatial structure and spatial patterns. Data collection methods in this study using observation techniques and data analysis methods in this study using qualitative descriptive. The final result of this research is the condition of the existing spatial structure in Medan Baru District, which has met the service needs in Medan Baru District. However, there must be added facilities that are still lacking in certain areas. The structure of Medan Baru District is close to the concentric concept, the pattern of urban development is in the middle of Medan Baru District as the central area city and spatial structure model of Medan Baru Subdistrict when viewed based on centers service that is approaching the multi-nodal space structure model which consists of one center and several sub-centers and sub-centers which are connected.

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Vanker, Signe, Mart Enneveer und Imre Rammul. „NOISE ASSESMENT AND MITIGATION SCHEMES FOR ESTONIAN AIRPORTS“. Aviation 13, Nr. 1 (31.03.2009): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-7788.2009.13.17-25.

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In recent years, concern over airport noise and its impact on surrounding communities has been spurred by the continual growth in air traffic together with urban development in close proximity to many airports around the world. This paper aims at studying the cases of Tallinn Airport and Tartu Airport, both in Estonia, with a focus on evaluating the airport noise and its impact on the neighbouring residential districts. Tallinn Airport is located within the city limits (only 4 kilometres from the city centre), and therefore the inhabited areas are also exposed to aviation noise. The main water catchment area for the city – Lake Ülemiste – and the nearest residential district are situated about 0.5 km from the airport. In 2003 stationary noise monitoring equipment was installed at Tallinn Airport to measure the noise level caused by starting and landing aircraft so that the necessary measures and sanctions can be taken. At Tartu Airport, the noise was recurrently measured in 2008, by using a TES 1352A sound level meter. The monitoring system at Tallinn Airport and the measurements at Tartu Airport enable operating noise and aircraft noise to be analyzed and predicted as a way to differentiate the landing fees for aircraft depending on noise and flight trajectory. According to the noise monitoring and measurements results, noise maps can be drawn. Santrauka Pastaraisiais metais nerimo faktorius, atsirades del triukšmo, sukeliamo oro uostuose ir jo poveikio aplinkiniams gyvenamiesiems rajonams, tapo rimtesnis, nes gauseja orlaiviu, taip pat oro uostai isikuria per arti gyvenamuju rajonu. Šiu tyrimu tikslas buvo nustatyti Talino ir Tartu oro uostu keliamo triukšmo lygi bei jo itaka aplinkiniams gyvenamiesiems rajonams. Tarptautinis Talino oro uotas yra isikūres miesto ribose (tik 4 km atstumu nuo miesto centro). Tai reiškia, kad nemažai gyventoju kenčia nuo orlaiviu keliamo triukšmo. Pati artimiausia gyvenviete yra nutolusi nuo oro uosto tik 0,5 km atstumu. Julemistes ežeras, kuris yra miesto geriamojo vandens šaltinis, taip pat yra oro uosto apylinkese. 2003 m. Talino oro uoste buvo pastatyta triukšmo lygio matavimo iranga, kuri turejo ne tik nustatyti kylančiu ir besileidžiančiu orlaiviu sukeliamo triukšmo lygi, bet ir numatyti būtinas priemones jam sumažinti bei taikyti sankcijas. 2008 m. Tartu oro uoste triukšmas matuotas kelis kartus naudojant triukšmo matuokli TES 1352A. Ši triukšmo matavimo sistema leidžia pirmiausia išanalizuoti ir nustatyti orlaiviu bei kitos irangos keliamo triukšmo lygi ir tuomet diferencijuoti rinkliavas už nusileidima, kurios priklauso nuo sukeliamo triukšmo lygio ir skrydžio trajektorijos. Priklausomai nuo triukšmo kontroles ir jos rezultatu, galima nupiešti triukšmo žemelapius.

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Utomo, Budi, Afifuddin Dalimunthe und Muhammad Husni. „Using of Sun Power Plant to Light Out The Residential Environment of Lau Damak Village“. ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, Nr. 1 (15.03.2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v6i1.5886.

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Until now, it seems that electricity is still a challenge in Indonesia, there are still many who have not enjoyed electricity for those who live in suburban or coastal areas, and some are located not far from cities. The target area is relatively close to the center of the capital, but has escaped the attention of the government because the location is quite remote with a minimal population, so it is considered uneconomical to provide electricity to this area. This hamlet is also inhabited by less than 18 families, so that only those with an interest are left in and out of this hamlet. The remote location from one house to another makes the construction of the electricity network no longer efficient for State Electricity Company. Therefore, people must be willing to live without electricity. Lighting as a basic need must be met from an oil lamp (sentir). Some residents who have a few advantages will buy individual generators. This generator only operates from 06.30 pm to 09.00 pm. After entering the sleep time, the generator is immediately turned off, the lighting is continued using an oil lamp. The emergence of the USU Community Services Implementing Team to this partner area provided new hope for the community. The community enthusiastically complained about this condition and hoped that the USU Community Services Implementation Team could help with these residents' problems. The results of monitoring by the Community Services Implementing Team at several residents 'houses proved the residents' complaints. Electric lighting as a basic need for residents is believed to be able to be completed using existing knowledge at the university in the form of lighting using solar power. Science and Technology The USU Community Services Team through the joining program has now produced economical science and technology products and realizes the expectations of the people in this region. Now people can enjoy light for 24 hours using electricity from solar energy. The community would like to thank the team and university for the scientific products that were donated to this village.

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Park, Soo Young, und Jin Seog Kim. „Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurement on Foxtail Seed as an Environmental Index“. Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (Januar 2005): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.523.

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The carbon isotope ratios in foxtail seeds, which grow well anywhere such as a residential street, roadside, empty lot, field etc., were measured by EA/IRMS (Elemental Analyzer/ Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer). The samplings were carried out in two ways. One set of foxtail seeds was sampled at 11 different locations to examine the effect of the traffic frequency in Daejeon and its suburbs. The other set was collected in three separate areas to examine the distance effect from the roadside. The d13C values of foxtails were increased at a distance from the center of Daejeon City. According to the results for the other set to examine the distance effect from the roadside, the d13C values of foxtails grown close to the roads were lower than those far away from the road. It means that the roadside foxtails are highly affected by automobile exhaust gases. This effect strongly decreased as the distance from the road increased, because the pollution gases by the vehicles diluted well with the air, even at 5 m from the road. We propose that these results can be used in the monitoring of the hazardous atmospheric pollutants caused by fossil fuel in addition to the monitoring of carbon dioxide.

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Mattioli, Giulio, Craig Morton und Joachim Scheiner. „Air Travel and Urbanity: The Role of Migration, Social Networks, Airport Accessibility, and ‘Rebound’“. Urban Planning 6, Nr. 2 (09.06.2021): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i2.3983.

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Residents of urban areas, and particularly urban cores, have higher levels of long-distance travel activity and related emissions, mostly on account of greater frequency of air travel. This relationship typically remains after controlling for basic socio-economic correlates of long-distance travel. There is an ongoing debate in the literature about what causes this association, and whether it calls into question urban densification strategies. Understanding this is important from a climate policy perspective. In this article, we investigate the role of three factors: i) access to airports; ii) the concentration of people with migration background and/or geographically dispersed social networks in urban areas; and iii) greater air travel by urban residents without cars (‘rebound effect’). We use representative survey data for the UK including information on respondents’ air travel frequency for private purposes and derive estimates of greenhouse gas emissions. The dataset also includes detailed information on migration generation, residential location of close family and friends, car ownership and use, as well as low-level geographical identifiers. The findings of regression analysis show that Greater London residents stand out in terms of emissions from air travel. Airport accessibility, migration background, and dispersion of social networks each explain part of this association, whereas we find no evidence of a rebound effect. However, proximity to town centres remains associated with higher emissions after accounting for these issues, indicating that this association is due to other factors than those considered here. We conclude by discussing implications for urban and climate policy, as well as future research.

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Karadeniz, Beyza, Ayşegül Özyavuz, Yelda Aydın Türk, Gürkan Topaloğlu und Zeynep Yılmaz Bayram. „İlkokul Bahçelerinde Davranış Haritaları Bağlamında Mekânsal ve İşlevsel Bir Analiz: Trabzon Örneği / A Spatial Functional Analysis in the Context of Behavioral Maps in Primary School Grounds: Case of Trabzon“. Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, Nr. 3 (30.09.2018): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i3.1628.

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ABSTRACTPrimary school gardens are areas where children spend extracurricular time. The gardens are influential on children's physical, social and academic development. School gardens should be designed according to the needs of the students from different age groups. During the design process of school gardens, the standards defined in the context of hierarchical space fiction are ignored. This leads to spatial inadequacies in school gardens and also affects students’ behavior. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior of the students as well as the spatial setting of the schools.The purpose of this study is to perform spatial-functional analysis and school gardens and to create behavioral maps based on student’s use of the school garden. The study was carried out in five primary schools, selected from various regions (city center, arear close to the city center, residential area, newly developed residential area and rural character areas) in Trabzon. First, the spatial situation was analyzed according to the areas and spatial units table. Secondly, a behavioral map was created for each selected school by the location-based behavior mapping method. Then, a spatial and functional study of the tendencies of children to use the school garden, and the activities they perform are analyzed.As a result; this work is an attempt to reveal the necessity of a comprehensive planning and design for the school gardens through student behaviors. It is found that spatial standards are not met in the city center and nearby schools, which limits the behavior of students. In primary school, there are no defined areas or guiding spaces for passive and play activities for students. Especially in schools that are below spatial and functional standards, behaviors such as peer bullying, adversely affect the development of the students, have been observed. In primary school gardens, it is necessary to create spaces that allow students to organize, exhibit informal and creative behaviors.Özİlkokul bahçeleri, çocukların ders dışı zamanlarını geçirdikleri ve fiziksel, sosyal ve akademik gelişimleri üzerinde etkili olan alanlardır. Farklı yaş gruplarından öğrencilerin birlikte kullandığı okul bahçeleri, çocukların ihtiyaçlarına göre düzenlenmelidir. Okul bahçeleri tasarlanırken okul yapısı ile ilişkili, hiyerarşik mekan kurgusunu içeren standartlar tanımlanmış olsa da uygulamada bu ölçütler gözardı edilmektedir. Bu durum okul bahçelerinde mekansal yetersizliklere yol açmakta ve öğrenci davranışları üzerinde de etkili olmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu alanlarda yapılacak çalışmalarda mekansal durum tespitinin yanısıra öğrenci davranışlarının incelenmesi gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı; ilkokul öğrencilerinin okul bahçelerini kullanımına yönelik davranış haritalarının oluşturulması ve bu davranış haritaları ile okul bahçelerinin mekansal-işlevsel analizinin yapılmasıdır.Çalışma Trabzon kentinde farklı bölgelerden (kent merkezi, merkez yakın çevresi, konut alanı, yeni gelişenkonut alanı ve kırsal karakterli alanlar) seçilen 5 ilkokulda gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak okul bahçelerinde bölgeler ve mekansal birimler özelinde oluşturulan tablo ile mekansal durum tespiti yapılmıştır. İkinci olarak, yer merkezli davranış haritalama yöntemi ile seçilen her bir okul için davranış haritası oluşturulmuştur. Ardından çocukların okul bahçesinin kullanımına yönelik ne gibi eğilimleri olduğu, ne tür aktiviteler yaptıkları mekan ve işlev bağlamında analiz edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak; bu çalışmayla okul bahçelerinde kapsamlı bir düzenleme ve tasarımın gerekliliğiöğrenci davranışları üzerinden ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Kent merkezinde ve yakınındaki okullarda mekânsal standartların sağlanmadığı ve bu durumun öğrencilerin davranış biçimlerini sınırlandırdığı saptanmıştır. İlkokullarda öğrenciler için pasif ve oyun aktivitelerine yönelik tanımlı alanlar ve yönlendirici mekânlar bulunmamaktadır. Özellikle bahçenin mekânsal ve işlevsel olarak standartların çok altında olduğu okullardayapılan gözlemlerde öğrencilerin gelişimlerini olumsuz etkileyecek, akran zorbalığı gibi davranışlar gözlemlenmiştir. İlkokul bahçelerinde öğrencilerin organize, informal veyaratıcı davranışlar sergilemelerine olanak tanıyan mekânlar oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

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Baker, Anthony, Donald Tahani, Christopher Gardiner, Keith L. Bristow, Andrew R. Greenhill und Jeffrey Warner. „Groundwater Seeps Facilitate Exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, Nr. 20 (26.08.2011): 7243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05048-11.

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ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a saprophytic bacterium which is the causative agent of melioidosis, a common cause of fatal bacterial pneumonia and sepsis in the tropics. The incidence of melioidosis is clustered spatially and temporally and is heavily linked to rainfall and extreme weather events. Clinical case clustering has recently been reported in Townsville, Australia, and has implicated Castle Hill, a granite monolith in the city center, as a potential reservoir of infection. Topsoil and water from seasonal groundwater seeps were collected around the base of Castle Hill and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR targeting the type III secretion system genes for the presence ofB. pseudomallei. The organism was identified in 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.5 to 80.4) of soil samples (n= 40) and 92.5% (95% CI, 83.9 to 100) of seasonal groundwater samples (n= 40). Further sampling of water collected from roads and gutters in nearby residential areas after an intense rainfall event found that 88.2% (95% CI, 72.9 to 100) of samples (n= 16) contained viableB. pseudomalleiat concentrations up to 113 CFU/ml. Comparison of isolates using multilocus sequence typing demonstrated clinical matches and close associations between environmental isolates and isolates derived from clinical samples from patients in Townsville. This study demonstrated that waterborneB. pseudomalleifrom groundwater seeps around Castle Hill may facilitate exposure toB. pseudomalleiand contribute to the clinical clustering at this site. Access to this type of information will advise the development and implementation of public health measures to reduce the incidence of melioidosis.

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Kanash, Sunita, S. D. Shirodkar und Swati Gawai. „A study of visual inspection of cervix under acetic acid and visual inspection of cervix under Lugol's iodine for screening of carcinoma cervix“. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, Nr. 9 (26.08.2019): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193665.

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Background: Carcinoma cervix is the most common cancer among women in developing countries. The objectives of the study were to study the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) for cervical cancer screening. To study the correlation of demographic data like age, socioeconomic status, education residential area, parity, age at marriage in premalignant lesion of the cervix.Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a Tertiary Medical Care Center over a period of two years. Five hundred fifty women between 20-65 years of age who fulfilled the selection criteria were enrolled in our study. Positive tests for VIA was opaque aceto white lesion on applying 5% acetic acid or detection of definite yellow iodine non uptake areas with Lugol's iodine in the transformation zone or close to touching the squamocolumnar junction. Positive cases were scheduled for cervical biopsy. Ethical approval of the study protocol was obtained from the ethics committee of the institute.Results: On down staging 7.2% (40/550) of cases had an unhealthy cervix and 0.36% (2/550) with a suspicious cervix. VIA positive in 4.55% (25/550), VILI positive in 2.73% (15/550). Biopsy was taken from positive with VIA and VILI. On histology 2.9% (16) were chronic cervicitis, CIN I had (1), 0.2%, CIN II (2) 0.4%, CIN III (4) 0.7% and squamous cell carcinoma (2) 0.4% VIA sensitivity 72.22%, specificity 97.74%. VILI sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.89%.Conclusions: VIA and VILI are simple, inexpensive, low resources technique. Both have high sensitivity and specificity.

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Gidhagen, Lars, Patricia Krecl, Admir Créso Targino, Gabriela Polezer, Ricardo H. M. Godoi, Erika Felix, Yago A. Cipoli et al. „An integrated assessment of the impacts of PM2.5 and black carbon particles on the air quality of a large Brazilian city“. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 14, Nr. 9 (03.05.2021): 1455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01033-7.

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AbstractData on airborne fine particle (PM2.5) emissions and concentrations in cities are valuable for traffic and air quality managers, urban planners, health practitioners, researchers, and ultimately for legislators and decision makers. Emissions and ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) were assessed in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil. The methodology combined a month-long monitoring campaign with both fixed and mobile instruments, development of emission inventories, and dispersion model simulations on different scales. The mean urban background PM2.5 concentrations during the campaign were 7.3 μg m−3 in Curitiba city center, but three- to fourfold higher (25.3 μg m-3) in a residential area on the city’s outskirts, indicating the presence of local sources, possibly linked to biomass combustion. BC concentrations seemed to be more uniformly distributed over the city, with mean urban background concentrations around 2 μg m−3, half of which due to local traffic emissions. Higher mean BC concentrations (3–5 μg m-3) were found along busy roads. The dispersion modeling also showed high PM2.5 and BC concentrations along the heavily transited ring road. However, the lack of in situ data over these peripheral areas prevented the verification of the model output. The vehicular emission factors for PM2.5 and BC from the literature were found not to be suitable for Curitiba’s fleet and needed to be adjusted. The integrated approach of this study can be implemented in other cities, as long as an open data policy and a close cooperation among regional, municipal authorities and academia can be achieved.

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Khuzhakhmetova, A. Sh, S. E. Lazarev und V. A. Semenyutina. „Эколого-биологическая оценка вьющихся кустарников для вертикального озеленения территорий“. World Ecology Journal, Nr. 2() (15.06.2020): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/worldjournals.pro/wej.2020.2.5.

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Promising types of climbing shrubs have important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic importance as types of multi-purpose use in the development of urban and agroecosystems in arid regions (Volgograd region). The purpose of the research is to determine the prospects for the use of climbing shrubs in the vertical gardening of residential areas on chestnut soils based on the study of their biological potential. The object of research was climbing shrubs growing in the collections of the Federal Research Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the landscaping of Volgograd and Kamyshin. In collection plantings, 5 species of different geographical origin grow: Campsis radicans; Vitis amurensis; Parthenocissus quinguefolia; Celastrus orbiculata; Lonicera caprifolium. Under the conditions of introduction, all types of climbing shrubs bloom and bear fruit. The ability of climbing shrubs to self-reproduce indicates the degree of their adaptation to new environmental conditions. Plants of all studied species reached the generative phase of development. Studies on the negative effects of low temperatures on plants in the winter showed that they are mostly frost and winter hardy and suitable for vertical gardening of residential areas of Volgograd and Kamyshin. It was revealed that climbing shrubs are quite resistant to the transfer of a complex of winter factors. North American, European and Far Eastern (Vitis amurensis, Parthenocissus quinguefolia, Celastrus orbiculata) winter the best in the collections. They have a high winter hardiness score. The area of their natural distribution is located at the same geographical latitudes as the Lower Volga. Campsis radicans freezes when lowering winter temperatures to -37°C. It has been established that the climate of the region of their natural distribution is largely similar to the area of introduction, therefore, they turned out to be quite adapted to the new growing conditions. The distribution range of the Caucasian-Mediterranean and East Asian species is much to the south. Campsis radicans and Lonicera caprifolium tolerate lower freezing temperatures worse. These species should be introduced into the southern regions of the Volgograd region. In plants at a young age and with increasing temperature and falling humidity of air and soil by the end of the growing season, the water deficit increases. The greatest water deficit during drought (July, August) as a percentage is observed in Vitis amurensis at about 22%. Celastrus orbiculata rotundifolia has a water deficit of about 18%, then Campsis radicanswithin 14%, Parthenocissus quinguefolia - 12%. The lowest water deficit is observed in Lonicera caprifolium (about 10%). Studies have shown that vertical landscaping involving climbing shrubs improves the microclimate. Wall plantings of maiden grapes in the hot summer months (July, August) reduce the air temperature by an average of 3 - 4 ° C, increase air humidity to 55 - 60% and bring microclimate parameters closer to the zone of hygienic comfort. A high yield of planting material can be achieved due to the optimal harvesting time of cuttings. The economic efficiency of production, expressed as a percentage, was 186 for Campsis radicans and 212% for Lonicera caprifolium. Вьющиеся кустарники имеют важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение как виды многоцелевого использования при развитии городских и агроэкосистем в засушливых районах (Волгоградская область). Объекты исследования – 5 видов вьющихся кустарников(Campsis radicans; Vitis amurensis; Parthenocissus quinguefolia; Celastrus orbiculata; Lonicera Caprifolium) в коллекциях Федерального научного центра агроэкологии Российской академии наук. Выявлено, что устойчивы к переносу комплекса зимних факторов североамериканские, европейские и дальневосточные виды (Vitis amurensis, Parthenocissus quinguefolia, Celastrus orbiculata), естественный ареал которых расположен в тех же географических широтах, что и Нижнее Поволжье. Ареал кавказско-средиземноморских и восточноазиатских видов значительно южнее. Campsis radicans и Lonicera caprifoliumрекомендуются для южных районов Волгоградской области. Установлено, что с повышением температуры и падением влажности воздуха и почвы к концу вегетации наибольший дефицит наблюдается у Vitis amurensis - 22%. Celastrus orbiculata rotundifolia–18%, Campsis radicans– 14%, Parthenocissus quinguefolia - 12%. Низкий дефицит воды у Lonicera Caprifolium (около 10%). Исследования показали, что вертикальное озеленение с использованием вьющихся кустарников улучшает микроклимат в жаркие летние месяцы.

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Biggeri, Annibale, Lucia Bilanci, Lucia Caselli, Stefano Lucarelli, Carlo Niccolai, Sabrina Paterniti, Franco Sirianni und Maurizio Ferrara. „Assistenza psichiatrica a Firenze. Indagine “ad hoc” sulla prevalenza dei casi in trattamento nei servizi psichiatrici pubblici (1991)“. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 4, Nr. 3 (1995): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00010393.

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SummaryObjective - The aim of our research is to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses by means of data collected at the Florence municipality community mental health services encompassing all hospital and extramural activities, providing the same kind of information given by Psychiatric Case Register (PCR) covered areas. Design - It has been carried out a one week prevalence assessment through a cross-sectional analysis of clinical records gathered by psychiatric services of the submitted area. Population studied - The inquiry has considered the area of USL (Administative Local Authority of National Health Service) 10/A, 10/B, 10/C and 10/D, which constituite togheter with USL 10/E, the Florence municipality area. Results - Total and specific rates for diagnostic categories, sex and age reveal a large variability among the four considered USLs confirmed by standardized rates: the 10/A and 10/B USLs, that include the historic centre of Florence, present the highest standardized rates (10/A 207/100.000, 10/B 189/100.000), especially for the most severe disorders (Schizophrenia: 10/A 110/100.000, 10/B 87/100.000; Major Affective Disorders: 10/A 32/100.000, 10/B 38/100.000; Organic Psichosys: 10/A 6/100.000, 10/B 9/100.000). Conclusion - In the present study, the prevalence rate for all diagnoses for the whole area considered, is about 150.6/100.000, quite close to the estimate calculated in Verona-Sud (200/100.000). As to the different rates among USLs we have to bear in mind the development of the delivery care system, and the available clinical settings (on day hospital and residentials activities for long-term patients).

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Artuso, Anna, Elena Cossu, Liang He und Qirui She. „REHABILITATION OF LANDFILLS. NEW FUNCTIONS AND NEW SHAPES FOR THE LANDFILL OF GUIYANG, CHINA“. Detritus, Nr. 11 (23.07.2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13971.

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The enlargement of a modern landfill may provide an opportunity to intervene with large-scale projects and thus restore spaces for community use and potentially providing an added value. Based on these premises, the intervention on the Guiyang landfill in China has been developed focussing on the possibility of future reclamation of the site under construction during the design stage by applying an approach that takes into account future use from a technical and, more importantly, economical perspective from the outset. The design proposal has been developed following analysis of these elements: landscape and territory (predominant features of the area, naturalistic features to be preserved, optimization of the interrelationship between the adjacent areas and functionality of the territory); analysis of the residential, infrastructural and productive systems (fundamental in ascertaining the size of the catchment area of potential users). The landfill mining intervention planned in the area allows a more efficient operation of the landfill and has been studied to redesign the site in terms of morphological shapes. Indeed, the project suggests the use of the mass of waste as a plastic element for the reconstruction of a redeveloped landscape according to the shape required by the new configuration of the area. In view of this consideration, in this case study, the typical shape of a landfill is abandoned and the site has been reshaped according to the design of the Chinese landmarks in the surroundings. The area has been conceived as a new green space and defines the role of the landfill site as an Environmental Education Centre and a recreational urban park for public uses, located close to a highly urbanized area. This project design was developed in the context of the ROLES initiative funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the framework of the Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Italy and the Government of the People’s Republic of China. ROLES was coordinated by Raffaello Cossu (University of Padova, Italy) with the collaboration of Roberto Raga (University of Padova, Italy) and Dongbei Yue (Tsinghua University, China). ROLES (Remediation of Old Landfills for Environmental sustainability and final Sink) proposes an innovative approach to landfill reclamation, analysing in depth the issue of functional requalification, i.e. the possibility of enhancing the valorisation of landfill surfaces for specific uses aimed at ensuring environmental and landscape sustainability.

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Soile, Olutola Bob, Moses O. Akiibinu, Temitope E. Bakare, Gabriel O. Olaoye, Felix A. Oyeyiola, Jacob A. Adeola, Bolaji B. Alarape, Olaniyi O. Duduyemi und John I. Anetor. „Assessment of Landfill-emitted Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matters in Alimosho Local Government of Lagos state, Nigeria“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, Nr. 24 (31.08.2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n24p272.

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Information on landfill-emitted pollutants in Nigeria cities has consequently become a priority. This study was designed to assess the air quality of landfill sites and the nearby communities in the Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Five public landfills in use since about thirty years ago were chosen for this study. A lightly populated area, free from other sources of air pollution served as control. Target points for the study were the centre of landfill (CLF), 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF, and a radius of 100M away from landfill. Levels of selected gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3, H2S and CO) and particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) were determined in the landfill environments and control (unpolluted area), using Aeroqual Series 500 with sensors for NO2, O3, H2S, CO, PM2.5 and PM10. The result showed that levels of H2S were significantly (p<0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF and 100M from CLF compared with unpolluted area. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference when the level of H2S in 100M radius was compared with the unpolluted area. Levels of CO were significantly (p<0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with unpolluted area. The levels of O3 were significantly (p<0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with unpolluted area. Levels of VOC were significantly (p<0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with unpolluted area. The levels of NO2 were significantly (p<0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with the unpolluted area. The levels of PM2.5 increased significantly (p<0.001) at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with the unpolluted area. The levels of PM10 were also significantly (p< 0.001) higher at the CLF, 50M from CLF, 100M from CLF and 100M radius compared with the unpolluted area. In conclusion, communities close to landfills may be polluted with toxic gases and particulate matters. Further investigation is needed to validate the safe distance of residential areas from landfills to avert the risks of toxicity associated with gaseous pollutants.

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Notman, Olga V., und Anna P. Bagirova. „Social Mapping of Megalopolis Space: Micro-Districts as Places of Residence, Places of Labor and Places of Leisure Activities“. Sociological Journal 26 (2020): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2020.26.2.7269.

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The article presents the results of studying the functions of urban micro-districts according to their residents’ assessments. We did a mapping of urban space based on a population survey conducted in Yekaterinburg (n = 3570) and developed a composite ratings method. The rating of micro-districts as places of residence included the residents’ satisfaction with different aspects of life; emotional attitude towards micro-districts; choosing the best residential micro-district in the city. The rating of microdistricts as places of labor included such indicators as popularity of the micro-district as a place of labor among the working respondents; the number of facilities in close proximity to the workplace that are used by working citizens; stability when it comes to choosing the micro-district as a workplace. The rating of micro-districts as places of leisure activities was based on the ratings of shopping centers (SC) and leisure areas (LA). We analyzed that portion of respondents who marked SC/LA as frequently visited; the number of micro-districts where visitors come to SC/LA from; the proportion of citizens coming to SC/LA from other micro-districts. The results of the study suggest that there are both multifunctional and mono-functional districts. The central micro-district is considered by residents to be the most attractive in regards to all functions. We identified the controversial tendencies for developing and perceiving urban space, which arise in the aftermath of planned industrial development. We came to the conclusion that modern processes of citizens’ and enterprises’ self-organization have given rise to the compensatory ‘redefinition’ of urban space, which manifests itself in the increasing functional and symbolic value of the city center and a growing number of new (non-industrial) second-tier centers.

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Schiefelbein, Ulf, Frieda Engel, Franziska Masberg, Svea Lübke, Johann Schiefelbein und Matthias Schultz und Carl Venzmer. „Veränderungen der epiphytischen Flechtenflora im Stadtgebiet von Rostock zwischen 1994/1995 und 2017/2018“. Archiv Natur- und Landeskunde Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 57 (22.07.2020): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/anlk.57.01.

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Die Flechtendiversität und -quantität wurde in den Jahren 2017/2018 in Rostock an 53 Bäumen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Ergebnissen einer Kartierung von 1994/1995 verglichen. Ferner wurden die Feuchtigkeitsverhältnisse und der Grad der Eutrophierung bzw. die Luftqualität an den Bäumen der Gattungen Tilia und Acer anhand des bekannten Verhaltens der nachgewiesenen Flechten bezüglich Luftfeuchtigkeit/Niederschlägen, Eutrophierung und pH-Verhältnissen bewertet. 2017/2018 wurden 79 Flechtenarten und 14 lichenicole Pilzarten nachgewiesen. Die Gesamtzahl der im Untersuchungsgebiet nachgewiesenen epiphytischen Flechtenarten erhöhte sich damit auf 80. Die meisten Flechtenarten kommen an Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) und A. platanoides (34) vor. Die häufigsten Arten sind Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella und Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina und Taeniolella delicata sind Neufunde für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Hinsichtlich der Verbreitung und des Charakters der Fundorte können die nachgewiesenen Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze drei Gruppen zugeordnet werden: 1. Arten, die auch an stark befahrenen Straßen oder in eng bebauten Wohngebieten mit wenig Grünflächen und in den Stadtgebieten Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt oder Stadtmitte vorkamen, 2. Arten, die auch noch in locker bebauten, grünreichen Wohngebieten und in kleineren Grünlagen der Neubaugebiete vorkamen, aber nicht mehr in der Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt und Stadtmitte nachgewiesen wurden, 3. Arten, die nur an Bäumen vorkamen, die sich in der Nähe zum Offenland befinden. Der ersten Gruppe wurden 22, der zweiten Gruppe 32 und der dritten Gruppe 25 Flechtenarten zugeordnet. Dem Verhältnis zwischen der Frequenzsumme der stark nitrophytischen Arten und der Frequenzsumme der a-, schwach und mäßig nitrophytischen Arten auf den Bäumen entsprechend, wird die Luftqualität an 15 Bäumen der Gattungen Acer und Tilia für gut, an 14 Bäumen für mäßig und an 13 Bäumen für schlecht befunden. Auf der Grundlage des Verhältnisses zwischen der Anzahl basiphytischer Arten und der Summe an Arten an sauren oder/und subneutralen Borken wurden sechs Standorte als wenig, 21 Standorte als mäßig und 15 Standorte als stark schadstoffbelastet eingestuft. Meso- bis hygrophytische Flechten kamen an zehn Standorten mit nur ein oder zwei Arten, an 21 Standorten mit drei bis fünf Arten und an elf Standorten mit mehr als fünf Arten vor. Die epiphytische Flechtenflora hat sich in Rostock seit 1995 gravierend verändert. Es nahmen 69 Flechten im Bestand zu, von denen sich 52 Arten erst nach 1995 angesiedelt haben. Bei 32 Flechten ist eine schwache, bei 19 Flechten eine mäßige und bei 18 Flechten eine starke Zunahme zu verzeichnen. Lecanora conizaeoides kam 2017/2018 nicht mehr vor, vier Arten haben im Bestand abgenommen. Changes in the epiphytic lichen flora in the urban area of Rostock between 1994/1995 and 2017/2018 In 2017/2018, diversity and quantity of lichens were studied on 53 trees in Rostock city. The results were compared with the results of a mapping project in 1994/1995. Humidity conditions and degree of eutrophication at trees of the genera Tilia and Acer were interpreted with reference to the known indicator characteristcs of the lichen species concerning air humidity/precipitation, eutrophication and pH conditions. In 2017/2018, 79 lichen species and 14 lichenicolous fungus species were found. The total number of lichens increased to 80 species. Most species were found on Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) and A. platanoides (34). The most common species are Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella and Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina and Taeniolella delicata are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The distribution and characteristics of the collection sites allow for deviding the species into three groups: 1. species also present along streets with heavy traffic or in densely populated residential areas with a lack of green areas and in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 2. species still present in sparse residential areas and smaller green areas but not in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 3. species only colonizing trees close to the open landscape. Twenty-two species were assigned to the first, 32 species to the second and 25 species to the latter group. According to the proportion between the sum of frequencies of the strongly nitrophytic lichens and the sum of frequencies of the anitrophytic and moderately nitrophytic lichens on trees, air quality was indicated to be good at 15 trees of the genera Acer and Tilia, moderate at 14 trees and bad at 13 trees. Based on the proportion between the number of basiphytic lichen species and the sum of species colonizing acidophytic and subneutrophytic bark, six locations were categorized as little, 21 locations as moderately and 15 locations as strongly polluted. Mesophytic or hygrophytic lichens were present with only one or two species at ten locations, three to five species at 21 locations and over five species at 11 locations. Within the period under consideration, the epiphytic lichen flora of the Rostock urban area changed considerably. The populations of 69 lichen species increased, with 52 lichens newly establishing after 1995. In 32 lichen species a slight, in 19 species a moderate, and in 18 species a strong population increase was recorded. Lecanora conizaeoides disappeared and the populations of four species decreased.

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Soekardono, Soekardono, M. Yasin, Anwar Fachry, Moh Taqiuddin und Maya Nachida. „Pengolahan Kotoran Ternak Menjadi Pupuk Organik Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Peternak Pada Kelompok Tani-Ternak “Beriuk Taker” Di Desa Dasan Cermen Kecamatan Sandubaya Kota Mataram“. Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 3, Nr. 1 (15.03.2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v3i1.127.

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City of Mataram City is the center of government and economic activity. Urban-Village of DasanCermen, district of Sandubaya, has been selected as site of community service with consideration that there are several livestock-farmers group, namely: the cattle-farmers group, the Buras Chicken-Farmer Group, the Duck-Farmers Group, and the Fish- Farmers Group. The existence of these livestock-farmer groupshave been used as an educational tourism-site by the Urban-Village Government. The cattle-farmer group of “Beriuk Taker” is located close to the urban-village office and residential areas so that accumulated-manure disturbs environmental health. Therefore, the aim of this community service is to find solution problem of accumulated-livestock manure by processing it into organic fertilizer. In addition, this service also provides knowledge and skills about group-based business management to group committee.The methods have been used in this activity are extension service on implementation of cattle-business technology, training on processing organic fertilizers, and focus group discussions (FGD) on cattle-group management. The service results showed: (1) positively response of beneficiary group to the community service; (2) cattle-farmers capable and willing to apply technology about feed, cattleshed, and marketing;(3) cattle-farmers are skilled in processing of organic fertilizer by mutually work in every Sunday after zuhr prayer. The processing of organic fertilizer can produce 1 – 1.5 tons in 3 weeks. The temporary marketing is directed to ornamental-plant entrepreneurs around in the city of Mataram. It is hoped that the proceeds from the sale of fertilizers can be used to pay land rent to the local mosque management. With the support of the village government, the "Beriuk Taker" cattle farmer group can be used as a location for livestock education. They planned that the income from sale of organic fertilizerwould be used to pay land-rent to the local mosque committee.With the support of the urban-village government, the cattle-farmers group of "Beriuk Taker" can be used as site for livestock’educational-tourism.

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Md Sakip, Siti Rasidah, Aldrin Abdullah und Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh. „Fear of Crime in Residential Areas“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, Nr. 7 (15.03.2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i7.261.

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Physical environmental elements such as gated elements are believed to have an effect towards the reduction of fear of crime in residential neighbourhoods. In Malaysia, the typical form of residences is that involving gated individual houses, while residences without gated elements are relatively a new development concept. Therefore, a survey on fear of crime among residents in housing areas with gated and non-gated residences was conducted in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor and Precinct 9B, Putrajaya. This research discovered that respondents inhabiting a gated residential area exhibit a higher fear of crime level (M=5.84, SD=1.23) when compared to respondents living in a non-gated residential area (M=3.85, SD=1.66). Keywords: Crime, fear of crime, gated and non-gated residential areas, confirmatory factor analysis eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Ghaleb, Bannoud. „Methods for the reconstruction of residential areas in the historical centre of Aleppo“. Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost»N 10, Nr. 2 (2020): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2020-2-294-301.

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The article discusses measures for restoring the living environment of the Syrian city of Aleppo taking regional characteristics, national traditions and religious normsinto account. Archival and field studies conducted for the identification of valuable environmental elements for each district of the city are presente-dalongside morphological building elements characteristic of urban areas pertaining to different periods. On the basis of morphological maps for residential building elements and general demographic trends, a system for the restoration of the Aleppo residential development, based on the modular method of forming the three-dimensional structure for a traditional residential building, is proposed. The proposed system for the forma-tion of a residential building is based on the multiple variability of its structure as formed by a limited number of volume elements. The technique supports the restoration of buildings using industrial methods combining various elements as applicable for creating a diverse urban environment. This technique is applicable not only in the city of Aleppo, but also in other Syrian cities affected by the military conflict, as well as in other regions with analogous climatic conditions and national traditions.

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RADZhABOV, R. I., und V. A. SAMOGOROV. „THE PROBLEM OF RECONSTRUCTING THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF 1940-1950s“. Urban construction and architecture 2, Nr. 4 (15.12.2012): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.04.10.

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The article briefly describes the origin of Bezymyanka district, the situation with the residential fund at those times and nowadays. Three types of buildings are shown up and described. The work is not completely finished and most likely it is aimed at drawing more attention the part of the city which not long ago was the alternative centre of Samara and especially to two-storied residential structures built in 1940-1950th.

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Малярчук, Олег. „COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTIS¬TIC DESIGN OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK DURING “DEVELOPED SO¬CIA-LISM”“. Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис "Галичина", Nr. 33 (20.12.2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/gal.33.126-136.

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The article describes the changes that took place as a result of the socialist industrialization of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR by the example of the Ivano-Frankivsk region and related urbanization. The architecture of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavov, Stanislav) has absorbed features of different historical epochs. Architectural features different from all other styles as well as the scale of development characterized the Soviet period in the history of the city. The urbanization of Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Chernivtsi, Uzhhorod, and especially Lviv, is unique in its historical experience. It was “overdue” and was preceded by a radical military and postwar change in the ethnic and social composition of the population of cities where Jews and Poles were the dominant majority. The rapid increase in urban population of the western region of the republic was at the expense of the Ukrainian rural population. Among other major Ukrainian cities, Ivano-Frankivsk was notable for being one of the few regional centers (inferior to Lviv), that was Ukrainized, and played a decisive role in the national-religious movement of the second half of the 1980s. The purpose of the study is to analyze in the historical context the specifics of architectural and artistic design, improvement of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk during the rule of the Soviet totalitarian system (“developed socialism”), successes and miscalculations. Objectives: 1) to prove that irreparable damage was caused to the historic part of the city as a result of Soviet reconstruction. Many old buildings could have been in operation for decades, after preventive repairs. They reiterated the fate of their former owners, who were physically destroyed; 2) to generalize the gains and disadvantages in the practice of housing, industrial and communal construction on the example of frequent cases when in the territory of the new building (quarters, neighborhoods and even entire settlements) the inhabitants were not provided with the most necessary elements of improvement. Significant disadvantages were allowed in the landscaping business. To develop the topic, the authors used a whole group of scientific methods: the principles of objectivity and historicism, which involve consideration of particular phenomena and processes in their development and close connection with the system of relevant social relations; historical facts are considered against the backdrop of political processes, which involves the use of a method of comparative analysis, which clarifies the essence of many significant events for Ukrainian socio-political thought. Design and construction organizations while constructing residential complexes did not always take care of the conservation of natural relief, vegetation, green space. The public carried out systematic work on the improvement of cities, towns and villages. The Party-Soviet authorities tried to chalk up all the achievements. The regional center of Ivano-Frankivsk gained the glory of a beautiful city. At one time, it won prizes in urban competitions. This glory was preserved and multiplied by the city’s inhabitants, despite the adverse political conditions of the totalitarian system through creative approach to the renewal and expansion of the city, attentive and careful attitude to the existing capital buildings and nature. Keywords: architectural styles, Ivano-Frankivsk, complex development, residential areas, landscaping, planting.

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Grabkowska, Maja, und Jan Frankowski. „‘Close to the city centre, close to the university’. Are there symptoms of studentification in Gdańsk, Poland?“ Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 32, Nr. 32 (01.06.2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0016.

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Abstract Students are increasingly recognised as important actors of urban change in contemporary cities. The article presents an analysis of incipient studentification processes in Gdańsk. Its general aim is to reveal patterns of students’ presence and activity which translate into spatial and socio-economic transformations of a post-socialist city at the level of neighbourhoods. The study consists of a survey on students’ residential behaviour, complemented by field and desk research. According to the results, due to the fact that Polish students’ housing and lifestyle choices are limited by their low purchasing power, student-dedicated services have a rather negative impact on the quality of urban space. Furthermore, under these conditions studentification may not be regarded as a stimulus to the gentrification process, which is rather driven by hipsters and affluent foreign students.

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Wade, Richard L., Amir Jokar, Kristina Cydzik, Adam Dershowitz und Rod Bronstein. „Wildland fire ash and particulate distribution in adjacent residential areas“. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, Nr. 8 (2013): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12062.

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In recent decades, the frequency of wildland fire incidents near residential areas has decreased but the number of acres burned has increased, in large part due to changes in forest management methods and further human encroachment in forested regions. There is much debate about whether the wood ash generated by these wildfires can significantly affect residential buildings outside the fire zone perimeter. This study investigates the distribution of ash, soot and char that are generated from wildfires and migrate into adjacent residential regions. For this purpose, a wildland fire in Bastrop, Texas, was studied with samples collected from a variety of locations within the fire site and in adjacent areas. The collected samples were assayed for pH, asbestos, heavy metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of this investigation showed that the magnitude of the deposition on residential buildings near wildfires is dependent on a variety of variables, in particular the distance from the centre of the fire.

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Poikolainen, Jaana, und Kati Honkanen. „How Do Urban Neighbourhoods Impact Parents’ Subjective Well-being?“ Nordic Journal of Social Research 11, Nr. 1 (11.03.2020): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njsr.2198.

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Introduction: In this paper, parents’ well-being is examined from their subjective point of view of their living experiences in a certain residential area. The subjective viewpoint is relevant as the focus of the research is interlinked with residential areas. Aims: The research aims to determine what meaning parents ascribe to their residential area (suburb or city centre) as a space for physical, social and psychological well-being. It also aims to discover whether there are qualitative differences between the given meanings of parents living in different areas. Methods: The data were acquired through semi-structured interviews with parents who live in a suburb or the city centre of Lahti, Finland. Data analysis was conducted using abductive thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed that physical, social and psychological spaces were experienced differently depending on the residential area in question. In parents’ narration about the physical space, in both areas the basic services were defined as valuable for well-being. Parents living in the suburb experienced the natural environment as an important source of well-being. When talking about the social space, the parents living in the suburb emphasised social networks and the importance of building well-being bridges in their neighbourhood, unlike the city dwellers. The psychological space was connected to the reputation and security of the residential area. An important well-being factor for all parents was the well-being of their children, with an emphasis on the safety of the residential area. Discussion: Subjective assessments of neighbourhood attributes are more important in explaining neighbourhood satisfaction than any perceived reputation. Parents’ ways of thinking and acting in certain residential areas appear to tie in with the social capital that forms social resources. Almost all parents who participated in this research estimated their well-being as rather high, irrespective of their socioeconomic status, but the city centre residents rated their well-being even higher.

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Chee Cheong, Kee, Cheong Yoon Ling, Lim Kuang Hock, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Teh Chien Huey, Mohd Che Ibrahim, Azli Baharudin et al. „Association between Availability of Neighborhood Fast Food Outlets and Overweight Among 5–18 Year-Old Children in Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 4 (18.02.2019): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040593.

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A growing number of fast-food outlets in close proximity to residential areas raises a question as to its impact on childhood overweight and obesity. This study aimed at determining the relationship between the availability of fast-food outlets that were in close proximity to residential areas and overweight among Malaysian children aged 5 to 18 years. Measurement data on the weight and height of 5544 children (2797 boys, 2747 girls) were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011. Overweight (including obesity) is defined as BMI-for-age z-score > +1 SD based on the WHO growth reference. Geographic information system geospatial analysis was performed to determine the number of fast-food outlets within 1000 m radius from the children’s residential address. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the availability of fast-food outlets (none or more than one outlet) and overweight with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, monthly household income, parental educational level, residential area and supermarket density. Our results showed that the prevalence of overweight was 25.0% and there was a statistically significant association between the density of fast-food outlets and overweight (odds ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.47). Our study suggested that the availability of fast-food outlets with close proximity in residential areas was significantly associated with being overweight among children. Limiting the number of fast-food outlets in residential areas could have a significant effect in reducing the prevalence of overweight among Malaysian children.

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Wade, Richard L., Amir Jokar, Kristina Cydzik, Adam Dershowitz und Rod Bronstein. „Corrigendum to: Wildland fire ash and particulate distribution in adjacent residential areas“. International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, Nr. 4 (2014): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12062_co.

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In recent decades, the frequency of wildland fire incidents near residential areas has decreased but the number of acres burned has increased, in large part due to changes in forest management methods and further human encroachment in forested regions. There is much debate about whether the wood ash generated by these wildfires can significantly affect residential buildings outside the fire zone perimeter. This study investigates the distribution of ash, soot and char that are generated from wildfires and migrate into adjacent residential regions. For this purpose, a wildland fire in Bastrop, Texas, was studied with samples collected from a variety of locations within the fire site and in adjacent areas. The collected samples were assayed for pH, asbestos, heavy metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of this investigation showed that the magnitude of the deposition on residential buildings near wildfires is dependent on a variety of variables, in particular the distance from the centre of the fire.

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Debrezion, Ghebreegziabiher, Eric Pels und Piet Rietveld. „The Effects of Railway Investments in a Polycentric City: A Comparison of Competitive and Segmented Land Markets“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 2048–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39180.

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The paper analyzes the effect of railway investment on land prices and land use in a polycentric city under various regulatory regimes of land markets. The introduction of a fast mode of transport (train), accessible in discrete locations, leads to an increase in city size. The stations of the fast mode induce dense residential settlements in their vicinity. As a result, the average residential and commercial land rents increase in both competitive and segmented land-market situations, compared with the unimodal transport case. When rail investments serve only one particular centre, this leads to the growth of the advantaged centre at the expense of the other centre. An investment in the fast mode results in city growth and an increase in rent receipts. However, the effect of the investment for individual centres and their corresponding residential areas depends on the underlying land-market conditions. Restrictions on commercial land use lead to increases in commercial rents, but this is more than offset by the decrease in residential land rents.

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Shi, Yishao, Haoran Ren, Xiatong Guo und Tianhui Tao. „Implementation and Advancement of a Rural Residential Concentration Strategy in the Suburbs of Shanghai“. Land 9, Nr. 10 (01.10.2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100367.

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Rural residential concentration was one of the important tasks of the “Three Concentrations” strategy implemented in the suburbs of Shanghai in the mid-1990s. The aims of this paper are to comprehensively evaluate the process, pattern and effects of residential concentration in the suburbs of Shanghai over the past 20 years, clarify the direction and focus of development, and propose suggestions for existing deficiencies. Based on remote sensing images and statistical data, the implementation and effects of the rural residential concentration strategy from 1990 to 2015 were analysed using landscape indexes and geospatial analysis. The results are as follows: (1) according to the changes in the landscape pattern and spatial structure, the trends in population concentration in the suburbs of Shanghai are obvious. (2) Before 1995, the trend of population diffusion was conspicuous. After 1995, the period of population diffusion gradually shifted to a period of population agglomeration. The rate of population concentration increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010 and then became moderate after 2010. (3) In 1990, most of the rural residential areas were distributed within 14–52 km of the city centre, the distribution of residential area in each ring was relatively uniform, and the overall distribution was scattered and uniform. By 2015, the rural population gradually converged in the inner suburbs, and the centralized distribution gradually changed to within 16–32 km of the city centre. (4) In 1990, most of the rural residential areas were located north-northwest, southeast, and southwest of the People’s Square. By 2015, the areas southwest and southeast of the People’s Square became the focus of rural residential distribution. These findings provide a useful reference for future rural planning and construction.

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Nadalin, Vanessa, und Danilo Igliori. „Empty spaces in the crowd. Residential vacancy in São Paulo’s city centre“. Urban Studies 54, Nr. 13 (20.09.2016): 3085–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016666498.

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In the past decades, when São Paulo became the national manufacturing centre, it has experienced great population growth. Since then, many housing problems have emerged. In addition, the difficulties that inner cities face in attracting jobs and maintaining economic activities are particularly challenging. Indeed, even if many cities have successfully regenerated their central areas, the so-called inner city problem is still very much alive in the case of São Paulo. As a result although the city centre has abundant urban infrastructure it still has plenty of vacant spaces, including residential buildings. One could say that São Paulo’s city centre is characterised by a large number of empty spaces in an area that is simultaneously crowded with buildings and urban facilities. This paper intends to contribute to the empirical analysis of the determinants of vacancy rates, with a particular focus on historical city centres, using São Paulo Metropolitan Area as our case study. Our empirical analysis relies on district-level data for the years 2000 and 2010, and combines standard spatial econometric methods with hedonic modelling. Our results suggest that there are three main groups of determinants: individual buildings characteristics, mobility of households and neighbourhood quality. We find evidence that the historic central city is a distinctive submarket, needing special urban policies. Its determinants work differently when compared with the housing markets of other areas across the city.

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Li, Lun Liang. „Planning Control and Guidance Research on Residential Differentiation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1700.

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Residential differentiation has a close relationship with urban planning. Urban land use planning will guide the formation of the residential differentiation pattern and the existing residential differentiation pattern will have some impact on the preparation and implementation of the urban planning. Adhering to market regulation and planning control simultaneously, strengthening the study on the characteristics and mechanism of the urban residential differentiation, preparing a reasonable planning for residential land, focusing on the living environment construction of deprived urban areas and strengthening the guidance and control of urban planning will play an important role in forming reasonable urban residential differentiation pattern.

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Waelkens, Marc, Toon Putzeys, Inge Uytterhoeven, Thijs Van Thuyne, Wim Van Neer, Jeroen Poblome und Nathalie Kellens. „TWO LATE ANTIQUE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES AT SAGALASSOS“. Late Antique Archaeology 3, Nr. 2 (2006): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000076.

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The town of Sagalassos, located in south-western Turkey, was an important regional centre from the Hellenistic period to Late Antiquity. Since the 1990s, the site has been the subject of systematic interdisciplinary research focusing on industrial, commercial, and residential areas of the town. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the excavations of two residential complexes in the town, including a palatial mansion to the north of the Roman Baths and a late antique house/shop encroaching upon the east portico of the lower agora. These housing complexes provide evidence for the living conditions of both the upper and middle classes in Late Antiquity.

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Mikulík, Oldřich, und Antonín Vaishar. „Residential Environment and Territorially Functional Structure of the Brno City in the Period of Transformation“. Geografie 101, Nr. 2 (1996): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1996101020128.

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The article evaluates the residential environment of Brno according to the individual town wards. A more detailed analysis is done for the centre of the town. Parametres of housing resources, environment hostile functional clashes, extent of green areas and state of social environment have been taken into consideration. The results show a bad residential environment in the industrialized town wards in flat relief and a good one in the town wards situated in articulated relief.

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