Dissertationen zum Thema „Réservoir à hydrure métallique“
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Nolet, David. „Modélisation par la méthode des volumes finis des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un hydrure métallique et exemple d'application dans un problème de fuite de réservoir“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1830/1/000131300.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalque, Bruno. „Caractérisation mécanique de la respiration des hydrures pour uneconception optimisée des réservoirs de stockage de l’hydrogène par voie solide“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrogen can be used as a storage for electric energy. Hydrogen may become an energy vector, whichcould be used and transported easily. For the hydrogen sector to develop and mature, production, storageand consumption should be researched and optimized.This PhD is dedicated to hydrogen solid storage in metal hydride. This technology consists in usinga reversible and exothermic chemical reaction between an alloy and hydrogen. The hydrogen is capturedinside the metal lattice and can be released with the endothermic opposite reaction. The main factors whichimpact the performance of this technology are the choice of material, the heat flow management and thesystem used. Its main advantages lay on safety and energy compactness. Its main drawbacks come from theweight of the system. When the material absorb hydrogen, its volume increases. To contain this materialin an airtight environment, it is mandatory to know how stress develop on the container that contains thematerial. The cycles of dilatation and contraction of the material, when it is loading or unloading hydrogen,is called breathing.This research begins with a large spectrum presentation of hydrogen. Then comes a chemical and structuralcharacterization of the material : LaNiCoMnAl. Its Composition-Temperature-Pressure characteristicsare given. The material exhibits granular properties and is structurally characterize using laser grain sizing,shape measurement and X-Ray tomography. The typical length scale of LaNiCoMnAl particles is 20 micrometers.The third and fourth chapters are concerned with the experimental behavior. A sample is placed ina stress controlled environment where its density is measured during cycling. The other experiment places asample in a fixed volume. In that case, the stress exerted on the material is recorded and measured duringcycling. In the last chapter, numerical simulations using the Discrete Element Method are used. The materialis modeled by X shaped clusters and studied with different friction parameters and boundary conditions.Following other works done on other materials, these experiment showed a different behavior of LaNi-CoMnAl compared to Ti-Cr-V. During breathing, LaNiCoMnAl exhibits a decrease in density even whensubmitted to a relatively large stress. The rate at which the density decreases is lowered when the confinementpressure increases. When the material is placed in a fixed volume, the stress increases with increasingpoured mass. Numerical simulations show a decrease in density when the friction parameter is high enough.It validates the hypothesis that material parameters play a major role in the macroscopic behavior of metalhydride during breathing
Chaise, Albin. „Etude expérimentale et numérique de réservoirs d’hydrure de magnésium“. Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10257.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe target of this thesis was to study the feasibility of solid hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride (MgH2). At first, kinetic, thermodynamic and thermal properties of activated MgH2 powder have been investigated. Powders sorption kinetics are very sensitive to air exposure. The heat released by the very exothermic absorption reaction needs to be removed to load a tank with hydrogen in a reasonable time. In order to increase the thermal conductivity, a compression process of the material with expanded natural graphite (ENG) has been developed. Owing to that process, tough and drillable disks of MgH2 can be obtained with a reduced porosity and twice the volumetric storage capacity of the free powder bed. Handling those disks is easier and safer. Heat and mass transfer analysis has been carried out with a first small capacity tank (90 Nl), which is adapted to different experimental configurations. A second tank has been designed to fit disks of "MgH2 + ENG". This tank can absorbe 1200 Nl (105 g H. ) in 45 minutes, with a volumetric storage density equivalent to 480 bar compressed hydrogen. At the same time, a numerical modeling of MgH2 tanks has been achieved with Fluent® software. Numerical simulations of sorption process fit experiments and can be used for a better understanding of the storage material thermal and chemical behavior
Chabane, Djafar. „Gestion énergétique d'un ensemble réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure et une pile à combustible PEM“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the phenomena inherent in the coupling of a hydrogen storage system based on metal hydrides and a fuel cell. The aim is to develop an optimal flow management law (electrical, fluidic, thermal).A detailed study was carried out on the various means of hydrogen production and the different methods of its storage. A large place is given to the characterization of the hydrides within the reservoir. This work allowed the development of a new characterization method for hydride tanks. The latter was experimentally carried out with charge and discharge processes carried out on three reservoirs containing different hydrides. Given the manufacturer's confidentiality, several data were not accessible experimentally. Thus, a numerical model of the hydride tank was carried out in the multiphysics Comsol environment. In order to model the thermal coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank, an OD model in the Matlab Simulink environment of a fuel cell, hydride tank and heat exchanger system was realized. These developments resulted in the proposal and study of two topologies for the management of heat exchanges between the fuel cell and the type AB hydride tank: series topology and parallel topology. In the series topology, the same heat transfer fluid circulates in the reservoir and in the fuel cell, which means that the two components have the same operating temperatures. This can cause difficulties in the operation of the POC which generally requires higher operating temperatures than those of the tank. The parallel topology provides the solution to this problem by offering the possibility of two distinct operating temperatures for the PàC and the tank
Rozans, Isabelle. „Etude thermodynamique et cinétique de l'hydruration et de la déshydratation des composés de type TRB#5 ET AB#2 en vue de leur utilisation dans les accumulateurs NI/MH“. Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGondor, Germain. „Pour le stockage de l'hydrogène : Analyse thermodynamique de la formation d'hydrures métalliques et optimisation du remplissage d'un réservoir“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarcotte, Denis. „Conception d'une microsonde pour mesurer la concentration d'hydrogène dans un réservoir d'hydrure métallique“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7316/1/030621775.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSuer, Terry-Ann. „Partage du soufre et du platine entre un réservoir métallique et un réservoir silicaté lors de la formation du noyau terrestre“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066557/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeasurements of the metal-silicate partitioning behavior of siderophile and volatile elements at the conditions of the deep primitive Earth can provide constraints on the mechanisms of terrestrial core formation. Experiments were conducted in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell to investigate the metal-silicate partitioning of sulfur and platinum at high pressures and temperatures. The partitioning behaviors were quantified post-experiment by high resolution NanoSIMS imaging. Sulfur was found to be moderately siderophile at core formation conditions and this, together with cosmochemical estimates, argue that it cannot be a major light element in the core. Accretion modeling with this new partitioning data implies that a heterogeneous accretion scenario can best explain the mantle and bulk Earth sulfur contents. The measured partitioning values for platinum are such that the mantle's platinum abundance can be sufficiently explained by core-mantle equilibration. Overall these results support the hypothesis that the cores of large impactors did not equilibrate fully with the magma ocean and metal could have sequestered to the Earth's core without leaving a record in the mantle. A late sulfide segregation event also likely played a role in establishing the observed mantle compositions. These findings help to further elucidate the accretion history of the Earth and core-mantle differentiation processes
Zeaiter, Ali. „Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement des alliages TiFe dédiés au stockage solide d'hydrogène. : Application à l'amélioration des performances d'un réservoir à hydrures métalliques“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHe environmental and economic problems caused by the use of petroleum products and the scarcity of these fossil fuels have led to the search for alternative sources of energy, which are renewable and respectful of the environment. Many of these sources are intermittent and require storage solutions. Hydrogen gas appears as a good candidate for this function. The hydrogen element, abundant in nature, has in its gaseous form a calorific value of 140 MJ / kg, i.e. 2.5 times that of gasoline. The 'hydrogen' sector is based on 3 pillars: production, storage, distribution and use. The storage of hydrogen is traditionally carried out by compression, under pressures ranging from a few bars to several hundreds, and by liquefaction at 20 K. The low density of these two types of storage (42 and 70 kgH2 / m3) associated with serious problems of safety and mechanical design, make solid storage in metal alloys particularly relevant for some applications. This solution favors the development of safe, compact design tanks with a high density of 120 kgH2/m3for TiFe alloys, for example. This type of hydride has been retained in this work because it has operating conditions of temperatures and pressures that are relatively close to ambient conditions, and also because it does not contain rare earth elements. The aim of this study is to characterize and model the hydriding/dehydriding behavior of the TiFe0.9Mn0.1 alloy, in order to improve its performance when it is integrated into a storage system. We first tried to characterize the alloy TiFe0.9Mn0.1 in powder form by describing it morphologically, chemically and thermodynamically. Then, two strategies of improvement were tested, the first one based on a mechanical treatment by planetary ball milling, the second considers a thermochemical treatment at given temperature and duration. Both strategies accelerated the process of powder activation, but the planetary ball milling significantly impaired the apparent desorption kinetics. The thermo-chemical treatment did not degrade the equilibrium domains and thus did not have an adverse effect on the reaction kinetics. The two most important parameters of this treatment, temperature and holding time, have been optimized. Other parameters remain to be refined.In addition to this experimental characterization, we have undertaken to describe the hydriding / dehydriding reaction macroscopically. The model allows to account for the thermodynamic response of the hydride within a reservoir. This work presents the results obtained on a tank containing 4 kg of TiFe0.9Mn0.1 powder when different hydrogen loading / unloading scenarios are considered: (i) loading / unloading under constant pressure, (ii) loading / unloading under an initial dose ( Method of Sievert), iii) loading / unloading under inlet or outlet flux of hydrogen. For each scenario, the effect of the coupling with a heat exchange system on the filling / emptying times is analyzed and optimal operating conditions are proposed. Finally, a sensitivity study using the Morris method is presented, and the most influential parameters of the model on the reaction rates are identified. The design of a solid hydrogen storage system requires a good understanding of the macroscopic as well as the microscopic aspects of the hydriding reaction and therefore requires further research to find new directions for improving its performance
Delhomme, Baptiste. „Couplage d'un réservoir d'hydrure de magnésium avec une source externe de chaleur“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767941.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuiose, Béatrice. „Étude des composés intermétalliques Ti1,02-xZrxNi0,98 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,48) pour accumulateurs Nickel/Métal-Hydrure“. Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe negative electrode of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries, is constituted by an intermetallic compound which is able to reversibly absorb hydrogen under normal conditions. The aim of this work is to study the electrochemical performances of Ti1. 02-xZrxNi0. 98 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 48) cycled in KOH. Partial substitution of Ti by Zr in TiNi compound leads to a high increase of the storage capacity of these electrodes (150 mAh/g and ~350 mAh/g for binary and substituted compounds, respectively). This increase relates to the martensitic transformation that occurs in these intermetallic compounds. Unfortunately, the electrochemical cycle-life is poor for substituted compounds. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to study the cycle life and to understand the ageing mechanism of these electrodes by electrochemical methods as well as by chemical and structural analysis, mostly by transmission electron microscopy. Fast degradation for substituted compounds is due both to their strong pulverisation on electrochemical cycling and to calendar corrosion during KOH soaking
Garrier, Sylvain. „Conception et simulation d'un réservoir d'hydrure de magnésium avec récupération de la chaleur de réaction à l'aide d'un matériau à changement de phase“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940452.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTazi, Mostafa. „Modification du banc d'essai utilisé pour évaluer les performances d'un réservoir d'hydrogène à base d'hydrure métallique“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1835/1/030125031.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemourgues-Guerlou, Liliane. „Sur de nouveaux hydroxydes et oxydroxydes de nickel substitués au fer et au manganèse pour batteries nickel-cadmium ou nickel-hydrure métallique“. Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10670.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLenain, Cyrille. „Application de la mécanochimie à la préparation d'alliages hydrurables nanocristallins AB5, Mg-Ni, AB2 (M) et de composites M-C, M-Cu : étude de leurs propriétés électrochimiques“. Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to use the potential of mechanochemistry as a one step process to prepare hydride-forming compounds, and furthermore to enhance the electrochemical capacities of alloys having low weight capacities and presenting a strong corrosion in an alkaline media. These approaches first permit to synthesize AB5 alloys having electrochemical weight capacities of about 274 mAh/g after annealing. Fundamentally, the lower capacity observed in the case of AB5 alloys after grinding (120 mAh/g) was attributed to the surface oxidation during grinding. The modification of the particle surfaces by grinding the alloys with graphite powder allows to reduce the oxide coatings and to protect these surfaces for further oxidation during the synthesis process. The increase of the equilibrium hydriding pressure of the AB5 alloys is an other result of the structure and surface modifications induced by the ball milling. This phenomenon was successfully used to destabilize the hydrides of the Mg-Ni system and permit their electrochemical charge and discharge. The MgNi amorphous phase having a first discharge capacity of 500 mAh/g was obtained. The high capacity fading upon cycling is due to the formation of Mg(OH)2 platelets on the alloy surface. We also studied the effect of substituting this amorphous phase with Al, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co as a way to modified the resistance against corrosion. Very interesting results were obtained with the Mg0. 9NiY0. 1 composition. Finally, the coating of MgNi and ZrNi1. 14Mn0. 49Cr0. 18V0. 1 alloys with graphite or copper powders was studied. The better results show an enhance of the capacity fading for the MgNi amorphous phase ground with graphite and conceming the AB2 alloy we observed both an increase in the activation behavior and the maximum weight capacity
Lin, Xiwei. „Hydrures métalliques crées par implantation à basse température“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaleyron, Fabien. „Simulation numérique par la méthode SPH de fuites de fluide consécutives à la déchirure d'un réservoir sous impact“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRazafindramanana, Volatiana. „Amélioration et compréhension du mécanisme d'activation de l'alliage FeTi dopé avec de l'hafnium, pour le stockage de l'hydrogène“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0907/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe issue of the first hydrogenation (i.e. activation process) of the intermetallic FeTi for the storage of hydrogen is often a brake for its use in industry. The challenge lies in the design of a "new material" whose first hydrogenation is carried out under the same conditions of moderate temperature and pressure, as during reversible absorption. Efficient solutions are to use a doping element and/or mechanical alloying process. In this work, we propose to use hafnium as a dopant. This project completes the studies that have been carried out on zirconium (e.g. commercial zirconium always contains a certain amount of hafnium). The addition of a small amount of hafnium induces the formation of a secondary phase, "rich" in hafnium and iron. Thanks to the presence of this phase, the kinetics of activation process is improved, without prior heat treatment. The activation process consists of a single step, when the particle size is small. However, a second step appears, for particles bigger than 0.5 mm. The mechanical alloying allowed the formation of the main phase FeTi, and also enhanced the activation process. An accurate control of deposition conditions allow us to design a ″model″ material by magnetron sputtering as thin layers. This ″model″ material can be used to study and understand the hydrogen diffusion, at the interface of the matrix (FeTi) and the dopant (Zr or Hf)
Planté, Damien. „Elaboration d'un alliage métallique de structure cubique centrée pour le stockage portatif de l'hydrogène“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study has been carried out in the framework of solid state hydrogen storage for mobile applications withlow electrical power. It was conducted under the FUI project HyCAN. The objective was to develop andfunctionalize a bcc alloy. Such disordered solid solutions are based on vanadium, which initially has a goodreactivity in relation to hydrogen. However, the thermodynamics of V-H system does not allow applicationsbelow 40 ° C, the cost is prohibitive and its implementation in industrial environments is not straightforward.We worked on three major families of vanadium alloys. Alloys Ti-V-Cr have been studied by in operandosynchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction in order to understand the observable structural transformations that takeplace during hydrogenation and then to link them to the thermodynamics of compounds. In a second step, thespecifications of the project directed us towards vanadium composites in which we develop an intergranularstructure for a better controlled activation and destabilization of the hydride so as to reach operatingtemperatures near 0 ° C. The use of ferro-vanadium as a precursor prompted the study of alloys in the Ti-V-Feand Ti-V-Cr-Fe systems. The viability of storage solutions on the basis of these materials is discussed.Throughout the course of this work the relationship between microstructure and hydrogen sorption properties issystematically discussed and empirical models describing the hydride equilibrium are routinely faced with thebibliographic database.Finally, part of the study is devoted to the study and modeling of reservoirs in operating condition, from thepoint of view of heat exchange, compliance with safety standards and mechanical stresses generated by the bedreactive powder
Charbonnier, Véronique. „Optimisation de la composition en terres rares pour des hydrures métalliques utilisés comme électrodes dans les accumulateurs Ni-MH“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNi-MH batteries are used in both stationary (solar panels) and mobile (hybrid vehicles) applications. The active material of negative electrodes currently on the market is an AB5-type alloy (A = rare earth, B = transition metal). The continuously increasing demand for energy requires improving the mass capacity of these batteries. For this reason, we study new type of electrode materials ABy (y Æ 3.5 or 3.8). The particular stacking structure of these alloys composed of [AB5] and [A2B4] units give them more capacity. Indeed, [A2B4] unit is able to absorb more hydrogen than [AB5] unit. However, stability in cycling is lowered. In this phD work we have, at first, conducted a study of binary compounds type ANi 3.5 and ANi3.8 (A = Gd, Sm ou Y), then we studied the evolution of the thermodynamic properties, electrochemical and corrosion after successive substitutions of the rare earth (or yttrium) with magnesium and lanthanum
Etiemble, Aurélien. „Étude de matériaux hydrurables par émission acoustique : Application aux batteries Ni-MH“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pulverization (cracking) of active materials in batteries, induced by their volume change during charge/discharge cycles, accentuates their corrosion by the electrolyte and/or leads to a loss of electronic connectivity within the electrode, which notably reduces their cycle life. This particularly occurs for metallic hydrides used in Ni-MH batteries. To date, the evaluation of their cracking is generally limited to post mortem observations of the electrodes by microscopy, which does not allow for a detailed analysis of the decrepitation process. In this respect, one of our main research objectives was to develop an innovative and efficient analysis method based on acoustic emission (AE) for in situ monitoring of the cracking of negative electrodes for Ni-MH batteries. As a first step, a detailed analysis of the acoustic signals generated during the charge (hydriding) of a commercial LaNi5-based alloy and a MgNi alloy obtained by mechanical alloying was performed. This allowed separating the signals generated by the cracking of the metallic hydride particles from those induced by the formation of H2 bubbles. We have shown that the mechanism which governs the pulverization of the MgNi alloy remarkably differs from that of the LaNi5-based alloy. In a second step, an experimental set-up made of an electrochemical cell linked to a compression force cell and an AE equipment was elaborated, in order to monitor concomitantly the cracking and the force generated by the expansion/contraction of the MgNi and LaNi5 during cycling. We have thereby been able to confirm that the volume expansion/contraction of the MgNi alloy is more progressive than that of the LaNi5 alloy. The AE-based comparative study of MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl5 and Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 alloys then allowed demonstrating the positive effect of the partial Mg substitution by Ti and adding of Al on the alloy decrepitation resistance. As a final step, we have studied the impact of palladium addition in the Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 alloy on its electrochemical behaviour and cracking resistance
Gras, Matthieu. „Recyclage de métaux venant d'accumulateurs NiMH : développement d'extractions liquide-liquide sélectives à partir de liquides ioniques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI053/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are currently dominating the market of energy storage in hybrid electric vehicles. 1 billion cells are estimated to be produced each year. In their end-of-life, these electronical wastes exhibit low recycling rates, despite the fact that NiMH batteries contain high amounts of valuable and strategic metals. Two main metal families coexist as an intermetallic compound in negative electrodes: transition metals (TM) (Ni, Co, Mn and Fe) and rare earth elements (REE) (La, Ce, Nd and Pr). Among TM, cobalt exhibits the highest criticality rate. Indeed, natural ores will not cover the increasing cobalt demand linked to emerging technologies. REE produced at more than 97 % in China are at the centre of European Union’s preoccupations. To tackle economic and environmental issues, this project, supported by the labex CEMAM is a partnership between the company Recupyl® and the academic laboratory LEPMI. It aims at investigating on low environmental impact routes for the recycling of metals present in real spent NiMH batteries. This requires the replacement of volatile organic compounds by ionic liquids, respecting the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Based on innovative extraction and recovery processes of elements by hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry, we propose a flowsheet for the valorisation of metals from those batteries
Zhu, Dan. „Energy management of the embedded hydride tanks considering efficiency degradation and life span on fuel cell vehicles“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the development of alternative energy sources becoming particularly important due to the effect of climate change and fossil fuels depletion. Hydrogen holds great promise thanks to its unlimited resources, high energy density, large technological flexibility and the environmentally friendly nature. With high potential of safety, storing hydrogen with metal hydrides (MH) is considered to be the optimal on-board hydrogen storage method for the future hydrogen vehicle. This thesis therefore contributes to analyzing the performance and proprieties of embedded MH hydrogen storage systems, including the characteristic estimation, dynamic modeling and thermal management coupling with fuel cells.Firstly, statistical models are proposed for dynamic performance analysis and state of charge (SOC) calculation. The online SOC estimation process is then realized combining a multi-joint state classifier. The dynamic model of the embedded MH tank considering mass and energy conversion is proposed using optimized parameters identified through particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of the fuel cell system integrating proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and MH hydrogen storage tank is simulated with a mathematical model set and validated using a database from the real operation vehicles. A thermal management strategy with PID controller is proposed to reduce the degradation and extend the lifespan of PEMFC. Finally, a test bench is designed in laboratory and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed models and strategies
Hoda, Sadat Emami Meibody. „Influence de la substitution du nickel sur les propriétés d’hydrogénation de TiNi pour des applications d’alliage à mémoire de forme et de batteries NiMH“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe PhD thesis aims to improve shape memory and hydrogen storage properties of TiNi by chemical substitutions in the Ni sub-lattice. The effect of Pd, Cu and Co substitutions on crystal structure, martensitic transformation and hydrogenation properties of TiNi has been studied by structural (X-ray and neutron powder diffraction), calorimetric, solid-gas and electrochemical means. Ab initio DFT calculations were done to highlight electronic effects on hydrogenation properties. The three substitutions, TiNi1-zMz (M = Pd, Cu and Co; z ≤ 0.5), lead to the formation of pseudobinary compounds. Substitutions by Pd and Cu increase the unit-cell volume of TiNi, whereas the reverse effect occurs for Co. Martensitic transformation temperatures correlate with volume variations. They increase strongly for M = Pd and slightly for M = Cu, whereas M = Co decreases it. Hydrogenation properties are very sensitive to chemical elements substitution. The capacity decreases strongly for M = Pd, moderately for M = Cu and remains stable for M = Co. Contrary to expected effect by geometric model, both Pd and Cu substitutions decrease the stability of hydrides. DFT calculations show that electronic rather than geometric effects govern hydride stability for M = Pd. Co substitution induces step-wise formation of hydrides with a multi-plateau behaviour in pressure-composition isotherms. As concerns applications, low amount of Cu substitution (z =0.2) increases the electrochemical discharge capacity of TiNi from 150 to 300 mAh/g due to hydride destabilization. This opens new perspectives for using TiNi-based alloys in Ni-MH batteries. In contrast, Pd and high amount of Cu substitution (z = 0.5) are effective to decrease TiNi reactivity towards hydrogen, and therefore attractive for shape memory applications under reductive environment
Petit, Férey Marie Amélie. „Élaboration et caractérisation d'alliages hydrurables de type ABx (A=La, Mg ; B=Ni ET x=3 à 4) en vue de leur utilisation comme matière active pour électrode négative d'accumulateur Ni-MH“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMobile and stationary applications for Ni-MH batteries require continuously more and more energy density. This increased autonomy can be obtained by developing new hydride-forming compounds of ABx-type (3
Li, Xianda. „Mechanical alloying Ti-Ni based metallic compounds as negative electrode materials for Ni-MH battery“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0256/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNi-MH (Nickel-Metal-Hydride) batteries have been a promising and extensively studied topic among clean and sustainable energy researches. Finding the ideal material for the negative electrode with high volumetric and gravimetric densities is the key to apply this technology on broader applications. Metal hydrides based on Ti-Ni have balanced properties between hydrogen capacity and electrochemical performances in cycling.The objective of this thesis is to study the effects of element substitution/doping and mechanical alloying on the structural and hydrogen properties of Ti-Ni alloys. In this study, a series of Ti-Ni based systems with Mg or Zr doping/substitution have been systematically investigated.The metallic compounds (TiNi)1-xMgx, (TiH2)1.5Mg0.5Ni, and Ti2-xZrxNi were synthesized by mechanically alloying from elemental powders.The milling time and effects of Mg, Zr substitution/doping were studied firstly in respect of their microstructures, using characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM (EDX support), followed by the hydrogen properties measurements of the samples by hydrogen solid-gas reaction and electrochemical cycling.A first principle calculation tool based on DFT (Density Functional Theory) was carried out to further investigate the enthalpy of formation in order to compare the thermodynamical stability of the obtained compounds. In the study, we have found the alloying priorities in the ternary alloys Ti-Ni-Mg and Ti-Ni-Zr under milling conditions.A structure transformation of Ti to FCC induced by foreign elements is reported and investigated. Enthalpy of formation per atom of the compounds were obtained by DFT calculations, which helped interpreting the experimental results. PCI (Pressure Composition Isotherms) curves and discharge capacities as the function of cycling numbers revealed the hydrogen properties of the obtained compounds, including TiNi, Ti2Ni (amorphous), Ti-Mg and Ti-Zr
Zhang, Zhao. „Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of mechanicalyl alloyed Ti-Mg-Ni : application as negative electrode for Ni-MH battery“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe storage of hydrogen is one of the biggest technical problem that restrict the practical application of hydrogen. Metal hydrides are mainly regarded as the solution facing to this issue since it can reversibly absorb and desorb big amount of hydrogen under moderate temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, metal hydrides used as the negative electrodes of Ni-MH batteries are also the key components to the battery performance.In this thesis, the metallic composite TiMgNix, MgTi1-xNix and TiMg1-xNix were synthesized by mechanical alloying from elemental powder. The microstructure and phase transformation of prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM (EDS support). The hydrogenation properties were measured by hydrogen solid-gas reaction and electrochemical tests. Based on the Ti-Mg-Ni ternary phase diagram, a 3D composition-capacity diagram have been established. Two-step mill process was proposed for meliorating the electrochemical performance of Ti-Mg-Ni alloys.Additionally, TiNi1-xCux alloys had been synthesized by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing and studied using experimental and computational approaches. The influence of Cu substitution for Ni on the phase structure and electrochemical properties are investigated. The first principle calculation was carried out to study the formation enthalpy and hydrogen adsorption energy of pseudo-binary Ti(Ni, Cu) phase. The computational results are in good agreement with experimental results
Hosni, Bilel. „Élaboration par mécano-synthèse d'alliages à base Ti-Fe : caractérisation de leurs propriétés de stockage électrochimique d'hydrogène“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrogen is the potential solution to make a success of the energy transition of a current system basically based on fossil fuels towards a system friendly to environment. However, the storage of hydrogen is a big challenge that hinders its practical application in different areas.. Metal hydrides can store a large amount of hydrogen reversibly under good conditions (temperature, pressure, safety ...) compared to other storage modes (gaseous and liquid). In addition, these same materials are used as negative electrode in Nickel-Metal Hydride batteriesIn the first part of this thesis, Ti-Fe alloys were synthesized using mechanical alloying (MA) under argon atmosphere at room temperature, with different ball to powder weight ratio and at different milling times. In order to determine the optimal parameters of the elaboration the metallic composite were investigated using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (EDS support), chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry,In the second part, the metallic compounds, TiFe+4%MWNTs, TiFe0.95-xMx, TiFe0.90M0.10 and TiFe0.90Mn0.05V0.05 (x=0.05, 0.15) (M : Mn or V), which are used as the negative electrode material for Ni-MH secondary batteries, were synthesized by mechanical alloying according to optimal parameters, previously determined.The effect of MWNT addition, the Mn and/or V partial substitution for Fe and the excess of titanium on the structural, morphological and electrochemical parameters such as activation, electrochemical discharge capacity, reversibility, cycle life time and hydrogen diffusion coefficient were investigated.The redox properties of the electrodes such as the Nernst potential and the exchange current density were studied based on Stern’s first law and the theoretical model of Bulter-Volmer.The electrochemical properties of studied samples show the best performance for TiFe+4% MWNTs alloy. Indeed, this alloy presents a rapid activation (1st cycle) and a best discharge capacity (266 mAhg-1) with a reversibility remaining unchanged
Lemort, Lucille. „Élaboration et caractérisation d'alliages hydrurables de type ABx (A=Pr, Nd, La, Mg ; B=Ni; x=3, 3.5, 3.8, 5) en vue de leur utilisation comme matière active pour électrode négative d'accumulateurs NiMH“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaise, Albin. „Etude expérimentale et numérique de réservoirs d?hydrure de magnésium“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351465.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans un premier temps la poudre de MgH2 activé a été caractérisée d'un point de vue cinétique, thermodynamique, et thermique. Les cinétiques d'absorption / désorption de l'hydrogène s'avèrent très sensibles à une exposition des poudres à l'air.
La réaction d'hydruration, très exothermique, nécessite d'évacuer très rapidement la chaleur pour charger un réservoir dans un temps raisonnable. Afin d'augmenter la conductivité thermique, un procédé de mise en forme du matériau avec ajout de graphite naturel expansé (GNE) a été développé. Cette mise en forme permet d'obtenir des disques solides et usinables d'MgH2 activé de porosité réduite, présentant une densité volumique de stockage deux fois plus élevée que la poudre libre, et dont la manipulation est plus facile et sûre.
L'analyse du comportement thermique et des flux gazeux a d'abord été menée avec un réservoir de faible capacité (90 Nl d'H2) mais permettant de s'adapter à des configurations expérimentales variées. Un second réservoir a été conçu pour répondre aux spécificités des composites "MgH2 + GNE". Ce réservoir permet d'absorber 1200 Nl (105 g d'H.) en 45 minutes, avec une densité volumique système équivalente à celle d'une bouteille d'hydrogène comprimé à 480 bars.
Simultanément, un modèle numérique du comportement des réservoirs de MgH2 a été développé à l'aide du logiciel Fluent®. Les simulations numériques des chargements et des déchargements concordent avec l'expérience et expliquent le comportement réactionnel du matériau.
Tong, Liang. „Simulations et optimisation de systèmes de stockage et de purification d'hydrogène en utilisant des adsorbants et des hydrures métalliques = Simulation and optimization of hydrogen storage and purification using adsorbents and metal hydrides“. Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9682/1/eprint9682.pdf.
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