Dissertationen zum Thema „Réseaux électriques industriels“
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Leblanc, Diane. „Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité et stabilisation des réseaux électriques industriels“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0368/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndustrial power grids are micro-grids connected to the distribution grid via transformers. Recently in these micro-grids, there is a growth in the use of power electronic devices for switch mode power supplies, variable speed drives, UPS, critical loads and energy compensators. Nevertheless, if certain precautions are not taken, these devices may significantly affect the system stability especially in islanded operating mode where the available power is limited. In this work, main causes of instability in micro-grids are studied and solutions to improve the stability margins are proposed. First, small-signal stability analysis tools are applied to identify most sensitive components of the system. Then, large-signal tools are used to estimate the domain of attraction of the stable operating point leading to quantify allowable disturbances. Afterward, a dedicated stabilizer similar to FACTS and another stabilizer taking action directly on loads are proposed. Several stabilization laws are studied, based on either small-signal design tools, or on large-signal tools. Finally, the optimal placement of distributed stabilizers in a micro-grid was studied. A final point concerns the choice of centralized or decentralized computers for stabilization
Thomas, Thierry. „Etude et mise en œuvre d'un système de filtrage actif modulaire pour réseaux industriels de distribution d'énergie électrique“. Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLott, Christophe. „Filtrage actif parallèle des harmoniques de courant sur des réseaux industriels : étude théorique et réalisation d'une maquette à GTO“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL116N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRauma, Kalle. „Aspects industriels de la gestion de tension et la capacité d'accueil de la génération photovoltaïque dans les réseaux basse tension“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, voltage measurements provided by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are used to control an on-load tap changer located at the secondary substation. The thesis presents a practical and a straightforward method of selecting the low voltage customers whose voltage measurements are used as an input to the controller of the on-load tap changer. The developed method takes into account the load and the topology of the network. Furthermore, a simple method of creating synthetic and statistically correct load curves for networks studies is presented. The created methods have been tested by using real data of low voltage networks on a common platform in the power distribution industry leading to encouraging results; a few customers per low voltage network should be monitored in order to achieve accurate voltage measurements.This methodology is further applied to estimate the hosting capacity of photovoltaic power generation in a given low voltage network.In the first part, the evolution of the hosting capacity by using three different types of voltage control; an on-load tap changer of five and nine tap positions and voltage control through photovoltaic power generators, is studied. The study considers two different cases for placing and sizing the photovoltaic generators in a low voltage network. The results of 38 low voltage networks are provided.In the second part, the hosting capacities of 631 low voltage networks, located in a French metropolitan area, are analysed by using an on-load tap changer of five and an on-load tap changer of nine tap positions.The work has been together with Électricité Réseau Distribution France (ERDF), the major French distribution system operator. All studies presented in the thesis are based on the real operational data of the company. Moreover, all studies are implemented on a platform that is widely used in the power distribution industry.As an introductory part to low voltage networks, the thesis provides a general view about the French power system. In addition, the thesis presents a number of selected technologies considering low voltage networks that seem promising in the future
Veizaga, Arevalo Maria. „Automation of power quality diagnosis of industrial electrical grids“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe demand for power quality analysis has increased over the past decades. Voltage sags are the most frequent and impactful disturbances in industrial power grids, leading to high financial losses for industrial clients. The core of this thesis work is dedicated to the classification of voltage sag causes and their relative location to the monitoring point. The solution uses voltage and current waveforms as input to identify the causes of voltage sags in LV industrial grids. The methodology is based on four-dimension time series signatures, obtained through the application of the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and the Fortescue Transform. The source of a voltage sag is identified using a distance-based classification strategy with a custom distance measure based on the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm (DTW). In addition, the soft-DTW algorithm is used to reduce the size of the signature training database and increase speed. The performance of the method was analyzed in terms of class separability, prediction efficiency (accuracy and robustness to noise), and sensitivity to fundamental frequency variations. The proposal is resilient regarding noise levels up to an SNR = 15 dB and fundamental frequency variations up to +/- 0.5 Hz. Moreover, a confidence index on the prediction is proposed, increasing the algorithm's reliability. The proposal offers an easy implementation in industrial applications with no previous recorded data. It has the benefit of using a reduced-size reference database, entirely composed of synthetic data. The main advantages of the proposed method are its generalization capabilities and the possibility of raising an alert based on the confidence index. The obtained classification accuracy on synthetic data with seven causes is 100%. The method reaches a classification F1-score higher than 99% with field measurements representing five classes obtained from three different industrial sites. Finally, we also study the impact of voltage sags on industrial equipment. We propose a methodology to estimate the self-disconnected load composition following a voltage sag. The results showed some limitations in terms of harmonic interaction among the loads. Some of the limits of this approach are discussed, and several proposals to improve the load composition estimation for future work are made
Coutard, Olivier. „UNE ANALYSE ÉCONOMIQUE DE L'ACCÈS AUX RÉSEAUX ÉLECTRIQUES D'INTERCONNEXION“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345062.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellerécentes dans le secteur électrique, leurs modalités et leurs enjeux. La seconde traite des questions d'efficacité tarifaire des prix d'accès. La troisième enfin aborde la question de la réglementation et, plus généralement, de la régulation d'un système électrique ouvert.
Le premier chapitre vise à décortiquer in concreto les relations de dépendance mutuelle, d'interpénétration entre les considérations économiques et les considérations extra économiques (i.e. réglementaires au sens large ou même politiques) dans l'organisation industrielle traditionnelle (on peut parler de modèle) du secteur électrique dans les sociétés développées.
Nous analysons le rôle essentiel du couple interconnexion/ intégration dans cette organisation.
C'est cet équilibre complexe qui est globalement remis en cause par les évolutions réglementaires récentes, auxquelles est consacré le deuxième
chapitre. La perspective adoptée dans l'analyse nous permet d'expliciter les principaux enjeux de ces évolutions : promotion de l'efficacité économique
(au sens large) ; préservation des conditions d'exercice de différentes missions 'de service public' (ou 'd'intérêt économique général'). Nous tentons de
préciser le plus finement possible les termes économiques dans lesquels ces enjeux se présentent aux réglementeurs du secteur électrique.
Le troisième chapitre débute l'étude plus normative du problème des prix d'accès. La notion de coût marginal de court terme de transport, qui
soulève ici des problèmes conceptuels inusités, y est présentée et discutée. Nous étudions en particulier les limitations à l'efficacité de ces coûts
marginaux qui résultent de la présence d'externalités, de problèmes informationnels et de l'existence de coûts de transaction.
Nous poursuivons cette démarche dans le quatrième chapitre, en étudiant d'une part les conséquences pratiques en termes d'efficacité des indivisibilités dans les fonctions de coût de réseau, et d'autre part celles de la variabilité-imprévisibilité des coûts marginaux de court terme de transport.
Nous proposons différents critères et principes pour limiter en pratique les inefficacités induites.
Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous abordons le problème de la réglementation sous un angle plus concret que ne le font les modèles théoriques, et en tenant compte des principales interdépendances entre les coûts de production et les coûts de réseau. Nous insistons sur les aspects du problème spécifiques à l'électricité (par rapport aux modèles théoriques généraux).
Le sixième chapitre est consacré à une discussion moins formalisée de l'équilibre réglementaire à long terme nécessaire à la régulation d'un système
électrique ouvert. Il met en perspective certaines pratiques réglementaires observées. Il pose la question essentielle de l'arbitrage entre consommateurs 'domestiques' et industriels.
Enfin la conclusion récapitule l'essentiel des résultats de l'étude, en évalue la portée et propose des voies de recherche
Coutard, Olivier. „Une analyse économique de l'accès aux réseaux électriques d'interconnexion“. Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9440.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Henaff Carole. „Les mécanismes d'entrée : application à l'entrée des entreprises électriques dans les industries de réseau“. Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the opening to competition of the electricity industry in Europe, incumbents have anticipated the erosion of their market share on their national market and have integrated new sectors or new geographical markets to find new growth potentials. To help us understand these new entry mechanisms, the first part of the thesis has been devoted to defining the major steps ahead achieved in economic theory about the concept of "entry”. When reading various theorical surveys we noticed that economists explain the entry by referring exclusively to ”barriers to entry” and focus their attention on the behaviour of existing incumbents. In the second part of, we have tried to define these entry mechanisms by studying very closely about a hundred entry cases. We have tried to keep new entrants at the core of our study and we have devised three stages to explain the implementation process of new entrants. The first one occurs before entry and aims at defining the motives and choices of these new actors. The second one is the entry per se and enables us to elaborate a typology of entries. The last one consists in measuring the relevance of entry once the new actors have entered the market
Gouja, Mounir. „Analyse économique de l'élargissement de la règlementation d'une industrie de réseau à la maîtrise de la demande: le cas de l'électricité“. Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo meet the growing demand of energy electricity companies had longly adopted a planning strategy based on supply-sideinvestment. However since the end of the 70's and the beginning of the 80's demandside management (dsm) have becausethe principle means of regulating power industry. With dsm, the presupposed optimal fonctioning of the market mechanisms defined by the neoclassical model of the standard theory is called in question. Compared to the classical approach of regulation which is based on the confidence in the price-signal, dsm has the advantage of giving explanations to the dysfonction of market mechanisms in order to argue the need for the regulator intervention. The dsm fits into the dynamic of extension of the power industry regulation and going past to the classical approach of sector based optimisation by meeting the consumers'needs of energy services at a beast social cost, in a logic of maximizing the total consumers'surplus. Incentive structures are then necessary to the electricity companies in situation of sale monopoly as well in a system of competition. They make dsm actions the most profitable of the utilities, subcontracting or cooperation with partners) is explained mainly by the degree of competence available to the electricity company in this new position into the energy services market
Atangana, Pierre Rolland. „Privatisation, tarification et équité dans les industries de réseaux électriques des pays en développement : cas des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne“. Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTchapga, Flavien. „L'ouverture des réseaux électriques des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne aux capitaux privés : Choix organisationnels et contraintes institutionnelles“. Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Khodary Mohammed. „Libéralisation des marchés et stratégies de développement des entreprises électriques européennes“. Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdiaye, Elhadji Mounirou. „L'exploitation des industries de réseau : une analyse économique appliquée aux partenariats public-privé dans la libéralisation des secteurs de l'électricité et des télécommunications au Sénégal“. Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of their specific characteristics (externalities, ladder economies, costs set up students), the network industries are natural monopolies. Traditionally, the public monopoly allowed also protecting the public service falling to a government, financially stronger than the private sector while the financial market was non-existent. Currently, the public private partnerships (liberalization) allow compensating for the financial lacks of the State and to establish a harshness of management which is necessary to promote the technical progress. Public-private partnerships thus became the new options of exploitation of network industries. The economic theories of contracts, of competition and of regulation constitute the theoretical centring of the liberalizations. They offer the theoretical tools and the support necessary for the setting up of a well-balanced competition and the definition of an adequate contractual frame between the government and his private partners. The efficiency of the liberalization depends on regulation which is an emanation of the global institutional supervision. In Senegal, the liberalization of electricity and telecommunications sectors and the corresponding institutional changes were begun only from 1996. However, it is possible to make a mid-term analysis to draw up a normative approach of the perspectives in terms of regulation and institutional frame (supervision)
Gougeon, Adrien. „Optimisation d’un réseau dynamique et efficace en énergie servant à piloter la grille électrique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04086397.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn front of the challenges concerning the energy and environmental sectors, the electrical grid faces some limitations. A major issue of the current power network is the lack of communication and coordination between its actors to fully exploit its potential.To overcome those limitations, and offer new services to the actors of the electrical grid, we are moving toward the Smart Grid. The deployment of an additional infrastructure is necessary to enable the Smart Grid. This infrastructure, known as the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), aims to enhance the monitoring and communication capabilities of the actors of the electrical grid.The goal of this thesis is to quantify the performance degradation of some new services of the Smart Grid, due to the quality of service of the AMI. We explore several parameters of the communication infrastructure and observe through co-simulation how those parameters influence the efficiency of those services. One of the main objectives of the Smart Grid is to reduce energy consumption.In a second stage, we model the end-to-end energy consumption of an AMI at a large scale to assess its own consumption.The proposed co-simulation framework and consumption models are all license free
Andaluz-Alcàzar, Alvaro. „Choix d’investissement sous incertitude des gestionnaires des réseaux de distribution (GRD) en Europe à l’horizon 2030“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDistribution activities have been the least studied domain of the electricity sector; over the last few years though, strong debates emerged with regards to the future. Indeed, this activity might soon undergo some deep structural changes, particularly as smart technologies are deployed: theses technologies could strongly impact the current business cases of the DSOs, along with the regulation now in effect, at a time when numerous uncertainties weigh on the distributors choices of investments. This thesis investigates the distributors’ business models evolutions in Europe for the next 20 years, based on technological, macroeconomic and geographical parameters. It proposes an original approach, both theoretical and analytical, to better understand the future world of DSOs. At first, it introduces the notion of “technologies with natural potential” in order to study the optimal development of the different technologies, by geographical context and macroeconomic scenarios. From these results, it then defines various possible evolutions of the distribution activities. Crossing these futures with the various possible investment strategies for the DSOs makes it possible to define the future business models of the European DSOs, according to various combinations of smart technologies displayed and contrasted geographical contexts. In its last part, the thesis studies the predictable changes in the relation DSO / regulator, using a formalization based on the Games Theory; this work is complemented by identifying the different lock-in effects (using the approach described in Brian Arthur’s studies) that could hinder the emergence of smart technologies, and the possible solutions
Vechiu, Ionel. „Modélisation et analyse de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables dans un réseau autonome“. Le Havre, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn many of the remote areas, the diesel generator is the main source of power supply. The cost of grid extension is, and will probably continue to be, prohibitive and the fuel cost increases severely with the remoteness of the location. The combination of several energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, small hydroelectric power plants etc. ) in a Hybrid Power System (HPS) can be very attractive for most of the remote areas, in terms of cost and availability. However, improvements of the design and operation of the HPS is still needed to allow this technology more competitive in remote areas. In this context, the work presented in this thesis gives a contribution to the behaviour analysis and the performances control of an HPS constituted by two renewable sources, a diesel generator and storage batteries. This kind of system is studied according to three aspects: sizing, maximizing the use of the renewable resource and power quality
Baro, Aurélie. „Principe d’efficience entre technique et économie : calculs de rendement des premiers moteurs électriques (1881 – 1914)“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the end of the 19th century, the electrical grid is taking shape and electricity as a source of energy starts to be used, mainly for lighting and communications, and to a lesser extent as a motor force. In this thesis, we analyze the sociological conditions of calculations of the efficiency of the first electric motors, the theoretical and experimental methods used by the first electrical engineers to demonstrate that electric motors could effectively replace other types of engines, alive or not, available in the industry. Electrical machines were also compared with each other, and the industry was theoretically used to produce the most efficient transmission and distribution system. In practice, other criteria came into play, as electricians defending a certain type of machinery or transport systems also had to convince the scientific community and industry interested in their discovery. Based on an analysis of this context made from texts from technical journals and archival documents, as well as from works of sociology and history, this thesis aims to better understand the development of this particular type of machines, symbols of the quest for a certain efficiency
Kravtzoff, Ivan. „Optimisation d'un système hybride de génération d'énergie électrique permettant de minimiser la consommation et l'empreinte environnementale“. Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrowing environmental issues and concerns have led to efforts to reduce CO2 and greenhouse effect pollutant emissions in the field of electric power generation. This has led Leroy Somer to investigate systems based on hybrid technologies to reduce genset fuel consumption and operating costs. A methodology is developed in this thesis to address issues of sizing hardware resources and their optimal use. The optimum energy management strategy is based on the dynamic programming algorithm of Bellman. It will be associated to a differential evolution optimization algorithm to optimize the design of the hybrid structure. The objective functions are obtained by developing energetic and economic models. Through this method, we show that the benefits of a hybrid generator are strongly related to its use. In cases where the generator is used on profiles with low load factors, the benefits will be significant. It will be very important to have good knowledge of load profiles applications before sizing the whole structure of the hybrid generator. A prototype of this system has been developed and has confirmed simulation results
Bonanni, Alexandra. „Les logiques de la diversification horizontale des opérateurs historiques de l'électricité en Europe : du produit-service au "multiservices"“. Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWachon, Sandrine. „Les enjeux stratégiques du développement durable dans le contexte européen : une question de valeurs pour RTE“. Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDessaigne, Elsa. „Le distributeur B to B, orchestrateur de relations collaboratives : lecture dynamique de la position des distributeurs professionnels au sein de leurs réseaux“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation provides a new understanding of the position of B to B distributors within their network of relationships. Thanks to an in-depth case study in the French distribution network of electrical equipment (EE), we highlight the position of distributors as a key resource to every actor of the electrical equipment sector. B to B distributors of electrical equipment have indeed specific resources that enable them to play their own roles. To distributors those resources are also a keystone to develop their institutional role within the network.In line with Vargo and Lusch (2016) we analyze the institutional arrangements that exist in the French EE distribution network. Thanks to them distributors have the position to orchestrate the relationships among their network. They can namely align the different actors of the network along a common interest, i.e the improved performance of the whole network through the satisfaction of end-users. That’s the reason why we propose to consider EE distributors as Network Stewards, who orchestrate the relationships in their network in a collaborative way
Briceno, Garcia Ruben Dario. „Crosslinking of ethylene copolymers from epoxy chemistry“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMost of insulation layers of cables for medium voltage “MV” and high voltage “HV” applications are made of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) by peroxide technology. The impact of reaction by-products on properties and the consequential need of a degassing stage during the process are the main problems related to this technology. This study focuses on the development of an alternative crosslinking method without by-products issues. Epoxy-ethylene copolymers were thermally crosslinked by using an amino-acid agent to create covalent cross-links between epoxide functions. Influence of several parameters on kinetic reactions such as crosslinking temperature, amino acid/epoxy proportions, size particle of amino acid and epoxy content in copolymers were studied by characterization techniques such as: dynamic rheology, FTIR spectrometry, SEM microscopy and differential calorimetry. In addition, study of the network structure before and during a thermal aging was done on a pre-constrained and a non-constrained network by different techniques (swelling ratio measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile properties and thermoporosimetry analysis). Finally, a characterization of electrical properties by dielectric spectroscopy and breakdown measurements was done. Results related to reaction kinetic, thermo-mechanical properties and electrical behavior have shown that the developed formulation can be used for cable application
Desta, Alemayehu. „Energy Supply and Demand Side Management in Industrial Microgrid Context“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1234/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to increased energy costs and environmental concerns such as elevated carbon footprints, centralized power generation systems are restructuring themselves to reap benefits of distributed generation in order to meet the ever growing energy demands. Microgrids are considered as a possible solution to deploy distributed generation which includes Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) (e.g., solar, wind, battery, etc). In this thesis, we are interested in addressing energy management challenges in an industrial microgrid where energy loads consist of industrial processes. Our plan of attack is to divide the microgrid energy management into supply and demand sides.In supply side, the challenges include modeling of power generations and smoothing out fluctuations of the DERs. To model power generations, we propose amodel based on service curve concepts of Network Calculus (NC). Using this mathematical tool, we determine a minimum amount of power the DERs can generate and aggregating them will give us total power production in the microgrid. After that, if there is an imbalance between energy supply and demand, we put forward different strategies to minimize energy procurement costs. Based on real power consumption data of an industrial site located in France, significant cost savings can be made by adopting the strategies. In this thesis, we also study how to mitigate the effects of power fluctuations of DERs in conjunction with Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). For this purpose, we propose a Gaussian-based smoothing algorithm and compare it with state-of-the-art smoothing algorithms. We found out that the proposed algorithm uses less battery size for smoothing purposes when compared to other algorithms. To this end, we are also interested in investigating effects of allowable range of fluctuations on battery sizes.In demand side, the aim is to reduce energy costs through Demand Side Management (DSM) approaches such as Demand Response (DR) and Energy Efficiency (EE). As industrial processes are power-hungry consumers, a small power consumption reduction using the DSM approaches could translate into crucial savings. This thesis focuses on DR approach that can leverage time varying electricity prices to move energy demands from peak to off-peak hours. To attain this goal, we rely on a queuing theory-based model to characterize temporal behaviors (arrival and departure of jobs) of a manufacturing system. After defining job arrival and departure processes, an effective utilization function is used to predict workstation’s (or machine’s) behavior in temporal domain that can show its status (working or idle) at any time. Taking the status of every machine in a production line as an input, we also propose a DR scheduling algorithm that adapts power consumption of a production line to available power and production rate constraints. The algorithm is coded using Deterministic Finite State Machine (DFSM) in which state transitions happen by inserting a job (or not inserting) at conveyor input. We provide conditions for existence of feasible schedules and conditions to accept DR requests positively.To verify analytical computations on the queuing part, we have enhanced Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNET++) discrete event simulator for fitting it to our needs. We modified various libraries in OMNET++ to add machine and conveyor modules. In this thesis, we also setup a testbed to experiment with a smart DR protocol called Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) that enables energy providers (e.g., utility grid) to ask consumers to reduce their power consumption for a given time. The objective is to explore how to implement our DR scheduling algorithm on top of OpenADR
Diaz, Nava Mario. „Proposition d'une méthodologie de conception de circuits intégrés de communication : réalisation d'un communicateur pour le réseau local FIP“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320454.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaidi, Majdi. „Contribution à l'optimisation des systèmes hybrides de production énergétique à base de sources renouvelables“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0627.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a contribution to the optimal design of hybrid systems for energy production. The proposed work is organised in three parts. The first part is dedicated to an energy analysis at the level of the national electricity grid. The aim is to study the possibility of integrating sub-grids consisting of a set of producer-operators connected to the main grid. The aim is to strengthen the decentralisation of energy production, taking into account the specific needs and availability of renewable sources. To achieve this, the approach is to optimise the cost of the installation for the producer-operator and the subsidy rates provided by the supporting state, while avoiding financial speculation. The second part deals with the problem of sizing hybrid systems by optimal load adaptation, and the approach is carried out in two parts. In the first part, the load is modelled taking into account the specific constraints of the operation. Then, in the second part, an optimisation of the structure is carried out according to the available energy. To illustrate the relevance of the approach, an application to a concrete case of a company is performed. The third part is devoted to the specific case of a nomadic application. First, the different constraints characteristic of this type of application (energy security, design cost, etc.) are determined and the different optimisation problems associated with the specific objectives are defined. Then, a case study expressed as an optimisation problem of a multi-objective nature is stated. Finally, optimal solutions are identified through artificial intelligence tools and application
Blottin, Benoît. „Le rôle des autorités de concurrence et des autorités de régulation sectorielle dans la surveillance de la libéralisation des marchés de l'énergie“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe opening to competition of the markets in gas and electricity has hardly produced the desired impact. To a large extent, the directives flowing from the third package have been transposed amongst the Member States. However, the effective implementation of a European energy is still facing several challenges ahead. With this nebulous background, supervision has become all-seeing, Argus-like. In fact, while competitions authorities and sectoral regulators are significantly stepping up theirs efforts so as to push forward the liberalization process towards the swift completion of the internal energy market, they seem, at times, to work against the grain of their original assignment. On the one hand, competition authorities appear to be increasingly willing to act as « builders » for the energy markets as they tackle market structures rather than harmful behaviours. Conversely, sectoral regulators, with their ever-strengthening powers, are more and more incited to track down and take sanctions against barriers to competition. Such bicephalous management has resulted in a confusion of roles which has not been alleviated by the « bridges »built between both types of regulators. At any rate, in the face of such a tangled web of competences, operators find themselves in markets that are not very conducive to competition and in a regulatory framework which is both volatile and complex, thereby paralysing the investments required to render such markets more dynamic. The system as it stands may still be improved and many would like to see it clarified. Although the prospect is not very realistic, some commentators have called for the merger of authorities. It appears nonetheless that reworking the supervision framework with a view to strengthening inter-regulation but also implementing actual European regulations is a route that has not yet been sufficiently explored
Yu, Hyun Jin Julie. „Public policies for the development of solar photovoltaic energy and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolar PV systems have experienced strong market growth over the last decade supported by favorable political reactions in the energy transition context. However, despite these favorable conditions, paradoxically, the global PV market recently went through a chaotic time encountering the overproduction issue, the industry crisis and the long-lasting trade disputes. This thesis started from these problematics to understand the PV public policies and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets. In order to define those issues, a systemic approach is taken to provide an accurate comprehension of the overall mechanisms of PV public policies. The concrete systemic vision of PV policy mechanisms is constructed based on theoretical and historical analysis by defining key variables and the context. A retrospective analysis using the proposed mapping tools is conducted to understand critical limits and challenges of PV development and to identify risks factors in the sector. This thesis also demonstrates how the nature of policy context changes in combined with the dynamic feature of the PV sector. Our analysis highlights the nationwide PV policy dynamics was broken with the arrival of China in the PV sector. This thesis eventually proposes strategic orientations of PV development at the two dimensions from both national and international perspectives. At the national level, this thesis discusses on PV self-consumption as the natural way of PV power use in the electricity system. This analysis implies a change in the nature of PV policies in the future. Next, as a response to the current global industry crisis, the thesis proposes opportunities of international collaborative actions to create new PV demand in the international context in pursuit of global economic and environmental benefits
Amelete, Sam. „Gestion des actifs, industrie 4.0 et efficacité de la maintenance“. Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9670/1/eprint9670.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurcotte, Yolaine. „Le poteau d’utilité publique, icône d’un autre siècle?“ Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4874.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aerial distribution network, also known as the utility network, comprised of wooden poles and its cables, is still omnipresent in the majority of Québec’s cities. Although many perceive the public utility poles as belonging to another era, they are not ready to disappear; quite the opposite, they don’t cease to evolve. Recently, more and more pieces of equipment have been added to the network: technical contraptions, additional cables, apparatuses mounted on the summit, antennas for wireless communication, etc. Although these devices are industrially produced, the service of industrial designers has been rarely solicited during their initial conception. This research examines the aerial distribution system from a design prospective, an angle of the « new » design approach also called design thinking. The intent of this study is to analyze the impact of the aerial distribution network on the urban environment with the goal of better guiding future design practices of such infrastructures. In order to do so with a transdisciplinary mind-set, several approaches have been solicited: the systemic approach, the landscape approach and the approach of system partnership. Through literature search and field observation the research intends to obtain a holistic view of the aerial distribution network and its challenges. Through inventory, the research exposes the results of our analytical questioning: what does the aerial distribution network consist of, who intervenes with and within the network, what are their interactions, what are the viewpoints of the different categories of actors with regards to the network, how does the presence of the network impact the urban landscape and how has it evolved over the years. From a design perspective, seeking to understand an overall problem situation helps to insure that the right problems are being addressed, that all contributing aspects are being taken into account and thus diminishing negative repercussions on the current and future contextual situations. The main findings of this research show that the current composition of the distribution network has significant shortcomings, even without taking into consideration the newly added services, uses and equipment. Management among service providers using the network is also facing challenges. The add-on of devices combined with all other equipment that gradually appear on public streets allow us to anticipate a level of saturation within the urban landscape. The hermetic and « crystallized » practices of the service providers that share the network are neither in line with the initiatives nor with the general aspirations when it comes to urban planning. Studying the problem situation of the distribution network using a design approach allows us to proactively isolate design opportunities that aim for the improvement of the existing situation, with regards to the newly appearing equipment on the poles. This approach encourages solutions that limit collateral repercussions once in its contextual environment and addresses at the same time other problem areas. Finally, the analysis of the research results allows us to enumerate a series of guidelines for the design of a future distribution network, which have been elaborated from a design perspective.