Dissertationen zum Thema „Réseaux de gènes synthétiques“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Réseaux de gènes synthétiques" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Baptist, Guillaume. „Réseaux de régulation chez Escherichia coli“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTroisi, Lucie. „Development of a new class of synthetic gene circuits based on protein-protein interactions“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS728.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSynthetic biology, by its engineering approach, promise to revolutionize the way scientists manipulate and analyze living systems. In this project, we propose to develop a new class of synthetic gene circuits whose fine tuning rely on the affinity competition between active and inactive forms of a transcription factor. Modelling, together with an in silico evolutionary approach, will be used to determine molecular parameters and network topologies required for a given functionality. Circuits will be assembled accordingly and their expression in mammalian cells measured to confirm the expected response or correct our model. Using this methodology, we plan to build multi-inputs circuits with tunable response function, as well as new bistable and oscillatory circuits. The new investigated class of circuits will also be extended to multi-cellular networks exhibiting symmetry breaking or oscillating patterns. This fundamental project bridging modelling and experimental validation will promote the development of advanced targeting circuits with promising applications in diagnosis, gene therapy and complex tissue engineering
Van-Craynest, Nathalie. „Nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes“. Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5424.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Bon Bertrand. „Nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels pour le transfert de gènes“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeux familles de vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels ont été synthétisées afin d'améliorer d'une part la biodisponibilité des vecteurs dans les applications in vivo et d'autre part leur spécificité de ciblage des tissus tumoraux.
La première famille de composés est constituée de télomères et de cotélomères « furtifs » issus des réactions de (co)télomérisation. Le design des télomères est basé sur un squelette « diblock » composé d'une partie polyaminée de degré de télomérisation aléatoire et d'une partie hydrophile (polyéthylène glycol). Le design des cotélomères est basé sur un squelette aléatoire de motifs aminés et de structures hydrophiles (tétraéthylène glycol et trishydroxyméthyl). La deuxième famille de vecteurs synthétiques est issue de la synthèse de lipides et polymères cationiques conjugués à un ligand dérivé de l'antagoniste des récepteurs à chimiokines CXCR-4, l'AMD3100 ou bicyclame.
Le potentiel des (co)télomères « furtifs » en tant qu'agents de condensation et de transfert de gènes a été évalué in vitro sur des cellules de carcinome pulmonaire humain A549.
Le potentiel des conjugués ciblés lipidiques et polymériques à compacter l'ADN et à transfecter de manière spécifique des cellules par la voie récepteur médiée a été évalué à la fois sur des cellules n'exprimant pas le récepteur CXCR-4 (A549, T98G) et sur des cellules l'exprimant (Jurkat).
Certains des (co)télomères « furtifs » testés (PEG2000-[NH2]n) ont démontré des efficacités de transfection comparables à des formulations lipidiques de référence (pcTG90/DOPE) tout en étant moins toxiques. Parmi les conjugués ciblés, le cotélomère iBu-[NH]80-[AMD]4 s'est révélé être un agent de transfert de gènes spécifique sur les cellules Jurkat sous certaines conditions de formulations, par rapport aux lipides et polymères conventionnels.
Mots clés : thérapie génique, transfert de gènes, lipoplexes, polyplexes, polyéthylène glycol, biodisponibilité, AMD-3100, ciblage, transfection.
Discipline : Chimie.
Le, Bon Bertrand. „Nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels pour le transfert des gènes“. Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was the synthesis and the assessment of new functionals non viral gene delivery systems. Two groups of synthetic vectors were synthesised in order to improve the biodisponibility of non viral vectors and increase specific gene delivery into targeted cells. One group of vectors was based on diblock and random cotelomers combining hydrophilic neutral groups (polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxylated groups) with cationic ones. The other group consisted into polycationic lipids or polymers conjugated to AMD3100 which is a specific ligand of the CXCR4 receptor. These vectors were evaluated as non-specific and specific gene transfer agents on human CXCR4(-) cell lines and CXCR4(+) Jurkat cells. Among these new gene delivery systems, compounds PEG2000-[NH2]n which contains a mean number n of amine functions of 190 exhibited a significant transfection efficiency on A549 cell lines as compared with reference systems. With regard to targeted complexes, compound iBu-[NH2]80-[AMD]4 proved to be, under certain conditions, a specific gene delivery system on Jurkat cells
Le, Gourrierec Loïc. „Élaboration de virus synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes spécifique“. Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elaboration of synthetic virus is a key step for gene transfer to become a clinical alternative. This thesis relates on the design of DNA monomolecular particles coated by an amphiphilic-PEG-ligand conjugate and the evaluation as gene transfer agents of amphiphilic polycationic cyclodextrins chosen for their potential to form nanostructures with DNA and for their easy post-decoration by inclusion of hydrophobic conjugate into their cavity. Our dimerisable cationic detergents condense plasmid DNA into a homogenous population of 50-80 nm particles, which are then successively coated by the amphiphilic-PEG-folate conjugate. The cationic nanoparticles transfect cells, in a non-specific manner, more efficiently than reference PEI polyplexes. The [detergent]2/DNA/conjugate system was shown to display by flux cytometry a specific folate-mediated internalization. Although the luciferase expression is similar in both cell types (KB(-) and KB(+)) this novel system presents promising properties for in vivo applications. Our study on the new cyclodextrins showed the necessity for these compounds to posses an amphiphilic character in order to condense DNA into stable particles (50 -75 nm size). They display a better transfection efficiency and cell viability than reference PEI polyplexes. It is now necessary to investigate the DNA nanoparticle’s multi-functionalization allowed by these cyclodextrins
Réthoré, Gildas. „Analogues de lipides membranaires d'archaebacéries : nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Woei fuh. „Trouver les gènes manquants dans des réseaux géniques“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681864.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Woei-Fuh. „Trouver les gènes manquants dans des réseaux géniques“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV080/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the development of hight-throughput technologies, the investigation of the topologies and the functioning of genetic regulatory networks have become an important research topic in recent years. Most of the studies concentrate on reconstructing the local architecture of genetic regulatory networks and the determination of the corresponding interaction parameters. The preferred data sources are time series expression data. However, inevitably one or more important members of the regulatory network will remain unknown. The absence of important members of the genetic circuit leads to incorrectly inferred network topologies and control mechanisms. In this thesis we propose a method to infer the connection and expression pattern of these “missing genes”. In order to make the problem tractable, we have to make further simplifying assumptions. We assume that the interactions within the network are described by Hill-functions. We then approximate these functions by power-law functions. We show that this simplification still captures the dynamic regulatory behaviors of the network. The genetic control system can now be converted to linear model by using a logarithm transformation. In another word, we can analyze the genetic regulatory networks by linear approaches. In the logarithmic space, we propose a procedure for extracting the expression profile of a missing gene within the otherwise defined genetic regulatory network. The algorithm also determines the regulatory connections of this missing gene to the rest of the regulation network. The inference algorithm is based on Factor Analysis, a well-developed multivariate statistical analysis approach that is used to investigate unknown, underlying features of an ensemble of data, in our case the promoter activities and intracellular concentrations of the known genes. We also explore a second blind sources separation method, “Independent Component Analysis”, which is also commonly used to estimate hidden signals. Once the expression profile of the missing gene has been derived, we investigate possible connections of this gene to the remaining network by methods of search space reduction. The proposed method of inferring the expression profile of a missing gene and connecting it to a known network structure is applied to artificial genetic regulatory networks, as well as a real biologicial network studied in the laboratory: the acs regulatory network of Escherichia coli. In these applications we confirm that power-law functions are a good approximation of Hill-functions. Factor Analysis predicts the expression profiles of missing genes with a high accuracy of 80% in small artificial genetic regulatory networks. The accuracy of Factor Analysis of predicting the expression profiles of missing genes of large artificial genetic regulatory networks is 60%. In contrast, Independent Component Analysis is less powerful than Factor Analysis in extracting the expression profiles of missing components in small, as well as large, artificial genetic regulatory networks. Both Factor Analysis and Independent Component suggest that only one missing gene is sufficient to explain the observed expression profiles of Acs, Fis and Crp. The expression profiles of the missing genes in the △cya strain and in the △cya strain supplemented with cAMP estimated by Factor Analysis and Independent Component Analysis are very similar. Factor Analysis suggests that fis is regulated by the missing genes, while Independent Component Analysis suggests that crp is controlled by the missing gene
Le, Bihan Olivier. „Etude par microscopie électronique des mécanismes d'action de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13972/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe vast majority of clinical trials of gene transfer in vivo use viral vectors. Although they are effective, they induce immunogenic, toxic or mutagenic risks. Due to their high modularity and low toxicity, synthetic vectors (non viral), represent a promising alternative despite their lack of effectiveness. The major objective of this work was to understand the mechanism of gene transfer using two prototypic synthetic vectors, in the context of a rational design of new vectors. We studied on cultured cells, the mechanism of action of two cationic lipids; BGTC (bis(guanidinium)-tren-cholesterol) and DOSP (DiOleylamine A-Succinyl-Paromomycine) formulated with plasmid DNA (lipoplexes) which are in vitro efficient vectors. We have been able to visualize by electron microscopy, their intracellular pathways, their structural alterations and their endosomal escape, the latter being a key step in the process of gene transfer. The unambiguous identification of lipoplexes throughout their intracellular trafficking has been made possible thanks to the labelling of DNA by core-shell silica nanoparticles with an electron dense maghemite core (Fe2O3). The labeling strategy has also been applied to study the mechanism of action of a nonionic block copolymer (P188 or Lutrol). Interestingly, these synthetic vectors have an in vivo transfection efficiency in mice lung and muscle tissue while they are totally inefficient in vitro. We have shown that Lutrol induces an increase of DNA internalization into cells and fails to trigger endosomal escape, which would explain the lack of in vitro efficacy. These findings suggest that the in vivo mechanism of action of Lutrol would involve other internalization pathways
Evlampiev, Kirill. „Modélisation de réseaux biologiques“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerbach, Ulysse. „Modélisation stochastique de l'expression des gènes et inférence de réseaux de régulation“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1155/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGene expression in a cell has long been only observable through averaged quantities over cell populations. The recent development of single-cell transcriptomics has enabled gene expression to be measured in individual cells: it turns out that even in an isogenic population, the molecular variability can be very important. In particular, an averaged description is not sufficient to account for cell differentiation. In this thesis, we are interested in the emergence of such cell decision-making from underlying gene regulatory networks, which we would like to infer from data. The starting point is the construction of a stochastic gene network model that is able to explain the data using physical arguments. Genes are then seen as an interacting particle system that happens to be a piecewise-deterministic Markov process, and our aim is to derive a tractable statistical model from its stationary distribution. We present two approaches: the first one is a popular field approximation, for which we obtain a concentration result, and the second one is based on an analytically tractable particular case, which provides a hidden Markov random field with interesting properties
Janbain, Ali. „Utilisation d'algorithmes génétiques pour l'identification systématique de réseaux de gènes co-régulés“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to develop a new automatic approach to identify networks of genes involved in the same biological function. This allows a better understanding of the biological phenomena and in particular of the processes involved in diseases such as cancers. Various strategies have been developed to try to cluster genes of an organism according to their functional relationships : classical genetics and molecular genetics. Here we use a well-known property of functionally related genes mainly that these genes are generally co-regulated and therefore co-expressed. This co-regulation can be detected by microarray meta-analyzes databases such as Gemma or COXPRESdb. In a previous work [Al Adhami et al., 2015], the topology of a gene coexpression network was characterized using two description parameters of networks that discriminate randomly selected groups of genes (random modules, RM) from groups of genes with known functional relationship (functional modules, FM), e.g. genes that belong to the same GO Biological Process. We first tested different topological descriptors of the co-expression network to select those that best identify functional modules. Then, we built a database of functional and random modules for which, based on the selected descriptors, we constructed a discrimination model (LDA)[Friedman et al., 2001] allowing, for a given subset of genes, predict its type (functional or not). Based on the similarity method of genes worked by Wang and co-workers [Wang et al., 2007], we calculated a functional similarity score between the genes of a module. We combined this score with that of the LDA model in a fitness function implemented in a genetic algorithm (GA). Starting from a given Gene Ontology Biological Process (GO-BP), AG aimed to eliminate genes that were weakly coexpressed with the largest clique of the GO-BP and to add genes that "improved" the topology and functionality of the module. We tested TopoFunc on the 193 murine GO-BPs comprising 50-100 genes and showed that TopoFunc aggregated a number of novel genes to the initial GO-BP while improving module topology and functional similarity. These studies can be conducted on several species (humans, mice, rats, and possibly chicken and zebrafish) to identify functional modules preserved during evolution
Faucon, Felicie. „Identification, chez les ruminants, des gènes ou réseaux de gènes impliqués dans la différenciation et le fonctionnement de la glande mammaire“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005545.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaucon-Lahalle, Félicie. „Identification, chez les ruminants, des gènes ou réseaux de gènes impliqués dans la différenciation et le fonctionnement de la glande mammaire“. Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5545/01/these_Felicie_Faucon_26mars2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVallat, Laurent. „Réseaux de régulation transcriptionnelle de la leucémie lymphode chronique“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown mechanism, characterized by a heterogeneous clinical outcome. Cells from the more aggressive CLL subtype show a specific B cell receptor (BCR). The resulting integrated signal from several pathways, such as BC stimulation and DNA damage response, is also impaired contributing to frequent genetic aberrations. CLL cells reveal a specific transcriptional profile compared to other hematopoietic neoplasms. Several transcriptional programs were then studied within different CLL cells subtypes, at the basal level or after cell stimulation. Gene expression comparison before and after DNA damage by ionizing irradiation showed a specific transcriptional response for the apoptosis resistant cells Functional gene product analysis of the more aggressive cells at the basal level or after cell stimulation showed complex disorder of multiple gene expression. Unsupervised gene expression analysis over 6hrs after BCR cross-linking revealed a transcriptional program specific for the more aggressive CLL cells. In order to understand the concerted action of these thousand of genes over time, temporal gene interaction models were inferred. The scale free architecture of these models revealed transcriptional nodes, suggesting rational targets to perturb these pathways in the more aggressive cells
Jachiet, Pierre-Alain. „Étude de l'évolution combinatoire des gènes par l'analyse de réseaux de similarité de séquence“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066358/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent accumulation of genomic sequence data has shown that gene evolution is not strictly tree-Like. Many evolutionary processes, like exon shuffling, gene fusion or nonhomologous recombination remodel genes by creating composite structures that are made from parts with different evolutionary histories. The development of sequence similarity networks provides an analytical framework to study the impact of these processes on molecular evolution, by structuring the resemblance relationships between sequences and by formalizing, in terms of graph theory, the detection of composite genes (intransitive triplets) and gene families (clique minimal separators). The size of current data sets, typically several million sequences, has also required the development of new tools and methods: sequence comparison parallelization, large networks visualization with Louvain communities and large cycles identification. When applied to eukaryotic and viral genome data sets, these methods have shown that composite genes are found throughout cellular organisms and mobile genetic elements. Proportionally, composite genes are more numerous in eukaryotic genomes; in absolute number, they are more numerous in viruses. In the latter, composite genes functional distribution is biased (enrichment of genes families that are essential for the perpetuation of the viral cycle), and the various parts of composite genes sometimes even originate from the genetic material of different viral classes. More generally, the extent of combinatorial processes, by unravelling other evolutionary bonds than homology bonds in the strictest sense, legitimates a pluralistic study of similarity relationships between sequences
Delépine, Pascal. „Étude des voies d'administration et du devenir in vivo de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes : application à la mucoviscidose“. Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES3103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCystic Fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasian populations, is characterized by its great genotypic and phenotypic variability. This disease mainly affects both digestive and pulmonary functions, and the progressive respiratory degradation ultimately leads to death. Although many therapeutic strategies have emerged for the past decade, efficient treatments to cure permanently this disease are not available yet. Preventing the genetic defect would be the ideal way to achieve this goal. Since the CFTR gene, responsible for the disease was identified in 1989, gene therapy has become the major hope for CF patients. Many gene vectors, such as adenoviral-derived vectors and synthetic reagents have been evaluated to deliver therapeutic genes to the airways and numerous clinical trials have been initiated to assess both their safety and efficacy. Professor Férec, in Brest, has decided to penetrate this field by testing and developing a new family of cationic lipids for gene transfer to the lungs. Biodistribution of these reagents as well as kinetics of expression of the reporter genes were studied in vivo in mice following different ways of administration by various techniques, including imaging-based systems. Although we and others have collected a broad range of data including parameters influencing transfection efficiency and tissue targeting, a long and hard work is still to be done before gene therapy strategies can be routinely used as a common treatment to cure the CF disease
Bonnaffoux, Arnaud. „Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInference of gene regulatory networks from gene expression data has been a long-standing and notoriously difficult task in systems biology. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic data have been massively used for gene regulatory network inference, with both successes and limitations.In the present work we propose an iterative algorithm called WASABI, dedicated to inferring a causal dynamical network from timestamped single-cell data, which tackles some of the limitations associated with current approaches. We first introduce the concept of waves, which posits that the information provided by an external stimulus will affect genes one-byone through a cascade, like waves spreading through a network. This concept allows us to infer the network one gene at a time, after genes have been ordered regarding their time of regulation. We then demonstrate the ability of WASABI to correctly infer small networks, which have been simulated in-silico using a mechanistic model consisting of coupled piecewise-deterministic Markov processes for the proper description of gene expression at the single-cell level. We finally apply WASABI on in-vitro generated data on an avian model of erythroid differentiation. The structure of the resulting gene regulatory network sheds a fascinating new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. In particular, we find no evidence for hub genes and a much more distributed network structure than expected. Interestingly, we find that a majority of genes are under the direct control of the differentiation-inducing stimulus. Together, these results demonstrate WASABI versatility and ability to tackle some general gene regulatory networks inference issues. It is our hope that WASABI will prove useful in helping biologists to fully exploit the power of time-stamped single-cell data
Cioli, Claudia. „Organisation multi-échelle du cortex humain : des réseaux anatomo-fonctioneles à l'expression des gènes“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066412/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is conceived in the present panorama of fast development of large databases gathering experimental results about the organization of the human brain at different scales. This abundance of information calls for an intra and inter-disciplinary effort aimed to synthesize this information in a coherent way.The aim of this thesis was to contribute to this effort for knowledge synthesis to better understand the multiscale organization of the cerebral cortex. The work followed two paths: an intra-disciplinary effort to bring together results produced by the brain imaging community with particular focus on Resting State and Task Based MRI experiments; an inter-disciplinary attempt to draw a link between the anatomo-functional organization of the cortex as emerging from brain imaging studies and the cortical patterns of gene expression as revealed by recently published atlases of the adult human brain transcriptome.The thesis is organized into three parts: In Part I studied the anatomo-functional organization of the human cortex starting from brain imaging studies. In Part II we studied the link between cortical gene expression and the anatomo-functional organization of the cortex both in term of their topography and in term of their function, focusing in particular on information processing and memory formation. In Part III we present a platform that we developed to favor knowledge integration between cognitive networks and gene expression databases.In perspective we show how our approach may provide new insights to the debate about neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases on one hand, modeling of dynamical processes in different areas of the cortex on the other
Belmadi, Nawal. „Développement, formulation et biodistribution de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes dans le cadre de la thérapie génique de la mucoviscidose“. Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0093/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCystic fibrosis is a monogenic disease characterized by mutations occurring at the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene. The clonining in 1989 of the CFTR gene has enabled to consider treating this disease by gene therapy. This consists of transferring a normal version of the CFTR gene in the affected patients’ cells, using a vector. Due to the severity of pulmonary complications, it is obvious that the respiratory epithelium constitutes the target tissue for the gene transfer. The principle of gene therapy is indeed very attractive and a number of clinical trials have already been made. Gene therapy requires vectorization tools that are efficient and compatible with repeated clinical use.My thesis has focused on the development, biodistribution and optimization of synthetic vectors (cationic lipids) for gene transfer in the respiratory epithelium. During my work, we were able to develop useful fluorescent KLN47 lipophosphoramidates for in vivo biodistribution studies. Compared to non fluorescent KLN47, these new compounds exhibit the same physicochemical properties: a relatively small size and a positive zeta potential. On cell lines, we found that the new formulations were as effective as the KLN47, with little or no toxicity. Then, in animal models, the biodistribution profiles of pegylated and non-pegylated lipoplexes were compared after systemic injection. The biodistribution profiles of pegylated and non-pegylated lipoplexes were similar. However, the pegylation of the complex resulted in prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, whereas transgene expression (luciferase) was equivalent in both cases. In addition, luciferase activity was similar to that obtained with the non-fluorescent KLN47. We have demonstrated that the addition of fluorescent lipid probes in the liposomal solution KLN47, does not change its physicochemical and transfectant properties. The overall results show that we have promising tools for in vivo biodistribution studies. Other molecules have also been tested successfully
Lindberg, Mattias. „Développement, formulation et biodistribution de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes dans le cadre de la thérapie génique de la mucoviscidose“. Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2012/These-2012-SICMA-Biologie_sante-LINDBERG_Mattias-Version_integrale.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of nucleic acids is a promising therapeutic approach in nanomedicine, in particular with the aim of remedying a genetic defect. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis, namely the transfer of a normal copy of the CFTR gene into the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of patients, requires particularly effective vectoring tools suitable for use in human clinics. If recombinant viruses are very efficient, their immunogenicity and oncogenic potential are all major drawbacks that synthetic vectors, and in particular cationic lipids, do not have. The subject of my thesis concerned the development and optimization of cationic lipids for gene transfer to the respiratory epithelium.In this work, we were able to demonstrate that the use of phytanyl aliphatic chains, on the latest generation arsenolipids, allowed the formation of reverse hexagonal phases, a supramolecular organization known to destabilize endocytosis vesicles and thus to promote cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids. Compared to its analogues, this new compound was particularly effective and not very toxic in vitro but also in mice, where a higher and more sustained expression of the transgene was observed in pulmonary epithelial cells after intravenous (IV) administration.We also investigated the various physiological damages caused by systemic administration oflipoplexes. We also used a plasmid optimized to allow sustained expression of the transgene.Acute inflammatory responses as well as a hepatic cytolysis were systematically observed in the first days after administration of the complexes, regardless of the presence of CG immunostimulatory motifs on the plasmid, the duration of transgene expression, or even the nature of the lipid. These phenomena last only a few days, while transgene could be expressed for more than 40 days using the codon-optimized plasmid. Efficient re-administration of lipoplexes was possible, but required sufficient time between each injection, emphasizing the importance of using nucleic acid constructs that give strong and stable transgene expressions.Intratracheal administration of judiciously prepared complexes also showed transgene expression kinetics (bioluminescence) of more than 100 days after a single administration.These results mark real progress in the structural optimization of vectors developed by our group as well as in their formulation, and encourage us to further exploit their potential for the transfer of genes to the lung
Lemhemdi, Afef. „Caractérisation de réseaux des gènes qui contrôlent l’initiation du fruit chez le melon (Cucumis melo)“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnalyzes of candidates genes expression profile by qRT-PCR shown that ARF19 has the most interesting profile for parthenocarpy for melon and cucumber. These analyze show that the pollination induces the expression of GA20oxydase(1) and GA20oxydase(5). In the absence of pollination, almost all GA2oxydases are expressed. The study of the transcriptome by RNA-seq identifies genes which have a role of negative or positive regulators in the fruit initiation of melon. The study of genes matrix of cell division shows that their expression is high in ovules and pericarp at anthesis and fertilized stage. The data show that fruit development is largely regulated by transcription factors. Systematic phenotyping genetic analysis identified FS1 the first candidate for facultative parthenocarpy in melon
Potorac, Simona. „Réseaux interpénétrés à base de collagène fonctionnalisé et polymères synthétiques avec des applications biomédicales : résumé de la thèse de doctorat“. Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAit-Hamlat, Adel. „Reconstruction de réseaux de gènes à partir de données d'expression par déconvolution centrée autour des hubs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGene regulatory networks (GRNs) are graphs in which nodes are genes and edges represent causal relationships from regulator genes, towards their downstream targets. One important topological property of GRNs is that a small number of their nodes have a large number of connections whereas the majority of the genes have few connections. The highly connected nodes are called hubs ; they allow any two nodes to be connected by relatively short paths in sparse networks. HubNeD (Hub-centered network deconvolution) is a novel method that exploits topological properties of GRNs to reconstruct them from steady state expression profiles. It works in three steps : firstly, a clustering step extracts genes that are considered solely regulated by grouping them in highly homogeneous co-regulation communities. Secondly, hub are inferred from the remaining genes, by analyzing the similarities of their correlation profiles to the genes in the co-regulations communities. Thirdly, an adjacency matrix is computed by a hub-centered deconvolution of the Pearson correlation scores. This last step penalizes direct connections between non-hubs, thus reducing the rate of false positives. The original strategy of preceding GRN reconstruction by a hub selection step, allows HubNeD to habe the highest performances on expression datasets associated with the two well established experimentally curated GRNs of E. Coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mazurie, Aurélien. „Des gènes aux réseaux génétiques : exploitation des données transcriptomiques, inférence et caractérisation de structures de régulation“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMikol-Segonne, Sandrine. „Etude des réseaux de régulation de gènes qui gouvernent l'élaboration de la texture de la pomme“. Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARI073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApple fruit is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. Apple mealiness is an important textural deterioration which occurs during storage. This phenotype refers to a dry andgrainy sensory perception during mastication. Despite its significance, this phenotype is still rather poorly characterized, the few available results mostly depending on sensory analyses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of this unwanted character is essential for the improvement of fruit quality and fruit production.The work presented here is focused on the identification of key genes associated with apple mealiness through global transcriptome analyses. A first multiscale analysis combining transcriptomic, biochemical and phenotypic analyses was performed on pairs of individuals displayingcontrasted phenotypes for mealiness.This analysis led us to the identifi cation of one pectin methylesterase gene, MdPME2, which appears as an early molecular marker of mealiness in this genetic background. Next, a transcriptome analysis enlarged to 34 cultivars allowed the identification of the jasmonate hormonal pathway as a key driver of apple fruits ripening. By regulating ethylene and oxidative stress pathways, jasmonates appear as a fi ne-tuning regulator onthe postponement of apple mealiness. In addition, a new quantitative test of mealiness has also been developed to allow the validation of this model by means of pharmacological approaches. The main outcome of this work is to propose a new molecular model to explain apple mealiness development. This work shed
Brunet, Anne-Claire. „Développement d'outils statistiques pour l'analyse de données transcriptomiques par les réseaux de co-expression de gènes“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30373/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday's, new biotechnologies offer the opportunity to collect a large variety and volume of biological data (genomic, proteomic, metagenomic...), thus opening up new avenues for research into biological processes. In this thesis, what we are specifically interested is the transcriptomic data indicative of the activity or expression level of several thousands of genes in a given cell. The aim of this thesis was to propose proper statistical tools to analyse these high dimensional data (n<
Le, Tan. „Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996894.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Tan. „Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2337/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiagnostic reasoning (abductive) and predictive reasoning (inductive) are two methods of reasoning that enable the discovery of new knowledge. When abductive reasoning is the process of finding the best explanation (hypothesis) for a set of observations (Josephson, 1994), the inductive reasoning is the process of predicting, from a set of observations, to find all possible results. These observations may be symptoms of a patient, experiments on genomic and metabolic networks, etc. In this PhD thesis, we are interested in the representation, analysis and synthesis of genomic signaling networks using hypothetical logic. In fact, this thesis focuses on modeling of signaling pathways in response to the DNA double stranded break. To implement the abduction, we use algorithms of production. Then, the default logic is used to build models of minimum representation. These algorithms are proven knowledge discovery on the map of DNA double-strand break. This map is minimal as biological causality graph and allows integrating bio-molecular data
Zaag, Rim. „Enrichissement de profils transcriptomiques par intégration de données hétérogènes : annotation fonctionnelle de gènes d'Arabidopsis thaliana impliqués dans la réponse aux stress“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the era of computational biology, functional annotation remains a major challenge. Recent annotation methods are based on the guilt by association assumption and rely on data integration to identify functional partners. However, most of these methods suffer from data heterogeneity and a lack of biological context specificity which would probably explain the high rate of false positives among predictions. This thesis develops an approach of molecular data integration controlling their heterogeneity in order to annotate Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in stress response. The major contributions of this thesis are: (1) functional annotation of groups of co-expressed genes by omics data integration (2) the construction of a coregulatory gene network through a cross-analysis of the coexpressed groups strengthening the functional links between genes (3) the development of a supervised learning method for the inference of gene function centered on the GO Slim terms with a control of the FDR. By identifying a decision rule by term, this method was used to predict the function of 47 orphan or partially annotated genes
Refahi, Yassin. „Modélisation multiéchelle de perturbation de la phyllotaxie d'Arabidopsis thaliana“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859869.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlum, Anne Yuna. „Analyse génétique d’un caractère complexe à l’aide de données transcriptomiquesPport de la modèlisation de réseaux de gènes“. Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARB228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the past ten years, many projects on functional genomics have been developed with the aim of better understanding complex traits of socio-economical interest in order to better control them. These traits are called complex traits because they are controlled by multiple factors : genetics food, health stutus… One strategy commonly used to analyze such traits involves localizing QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), i. E. Chromosomic regions controlling their variability. In parallel to this work, new technologies (microarrays) have emerged, which allow the high throughput measurement of gene expression through the quantification of transcripts (transcriptomic data). Genetical genomic approaches combining functional genomic methods and QTL mapping have been developed with the aim of facilitating the identification of causal mutations underlying detected QTL. In this new context, an original aspect of my thesis is to take into account the heterogeneity existing in transcriptomic data and due to know or unkno
Goreac, Dan. „Quelques sujets en contrôle déterministe et stochastique : méthodes de type LP, PDMP associés aux réseaux de gènes, contrôlabilité“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864555.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePirayre, Aurélie. „Reconstruction et classification par optimisation dans des graphes avec à priori pour les réseaux de gènes et les images“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1170/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe discovery of novel gene regulatory processes improves the understanding of cell phenotypicresponses to external stimuli for many biological applications, such as medicine, environmentor biotechnologies. To this purpose, transcriptomic data are generated and analyzed from mi-croarrays or more recently RNAseq experiments. For each gene of a studied organism placed indifferent living conditions, they consist in a sequence of genetic expression levels. From thesedata, gene regulation mechanisms can be recovered by revealing topological links encoded ingeometric graphs. In regulatory graphs, nodes correspond to genes. A link between two nodesis identified if a regulation relationship exists between the two corresponding genes. Such net-works are called Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs). Their construction as well as their analysisremain challenging despite the large number of available inference methods.In this thesis, we propose to address this network inference problem with recently developedtechniques pertaining to graph optimization. Given all the pairwise gene regulation informa-tion available, we propose to determine the presence of edges in the final GRN by adoptingan energy optimization formulation integrating additional constraints. Either biological (infor-mation about gene interactions) or structural (information about node connectivity) a priorihave been considered to reduce the space of possible solutions. Different priors lead to differentproperties of the global cost function, for which various optimization strategies can be applied.The post-processing network refinements we proposed led to a software suite named BRANE for“Biologically-Related A priori for Network Enhancement”. For each of the proposed methodsBRANE Cut, BRANE Relax and BRANE Clust, our contributions are threefold: a priori-based for-mulation, design of the optimization strategy and validation (numerical and/or biological) onbenchmark datasets.In a ramification of this thesis, we slide from graph inference to more generic data processingsuch as inverse problems. We notably invest in HOGMep, a Bayesian-based approach using aVariation Bayesian Approximation framework for its resolution. This approach allows to jointlyperform reconstruction and clustering/segmentation tasks on multi-component data (for instancesignals or images). Its performance in a color image deconvolution context demonstrates bothquality of reconstruction and segmentation. A preliminary study in a medical data classificationcontext linking genotype and phenotype yields promising results for forthcoming bioinformaticsadaptations
Monneret, Gilles. „Inférence de réseaux causaux à partir de données interventionnelles“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS290/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is the use of current transcriptomic data in order to infer a gene regulatory network. These data are often complex, and in particular intervention data may be present. The use of causality theory makes it possible to use these interventions to obtain acyclic causal networks. I question the notion of acyclicity, then based on this theory, I propose several algorithms and / or improvements to current techniques to use this type of data
Crudu, Alina. „Approximations hybrides de processus de Markov à sauts multi-échelles : applications aux modèles de réseaux de gènes en biologie moléculaire“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouleimat, Nizar. „Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes : analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ“. Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouleimat, Mohamed Nizar. „Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes : analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ“. Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cellular response to the DNA damage provoked by irradiation (IR) is relatively well studied, however, many observations show the involvement of the expression of many genes. We propose to identify the different potential patterns of the transcriptional response to IR and to reconstruct a gene regulatory network involved in its control. The first point of this work lies in the exploitation of the gene expression dynamics in conditions of genetic perturbations. The second point lies in the integration of systemic biological informations. We define an approach composed of one step of automated logical deduction of regulations from a strategy of perturbations and two induction steps that allow the analysis of the gene expression dynamics and the extraction of potential regulation from additional data. This approach allowed to identify, for the yeast, a complex response to IR and allowed to propose a regulation model which some relations have been experimentally validated
Lefebvre, Céline. „Réseaux de gènes, évolution / développement et pathologie : définition et applications d'un nouveau concept d'analyse de la conservation génétique et fonctionnelle“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJiao, Yunlong. „Pronostic moléculaire basé sur l'ordre des gènes et découverte de biomarqueurs guidé par des réseaux pour le cancer du sein“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of women's death from cancer. Improving cancer prognosis has been one of the problems of primary interest towards better clinical management and treatment decision making for cancer patients. With the rapid advancement of genomic profiling technologies in the past decades, easy availability of a substantial amount of genomic data for medical research has been motivating the currently popular trend of using computational tools, especially machine learning in the era of data science, to discover molecular biomarkers regarding prognosis improvement. This thesis is conceived following two lines of approaches intended to address two major challenges arising in genomic data analysis for breast cancer prognosis from a methodological standpoint of machine learning: rank-based approaches for improved molecular prognosis and network-guided approaches for enhanced biomarker discovery. Furthermore, the methodologies developed and investigated in this thesis, pertaining respectively to learning with rank data and learning on graphs, have a significant contribution to several branches of machine learning, concerning applications across but not limited to cancer biology and social choice theory
Taffin, de Tilques Mathilde de. „Contrôle transcriptionnel de l'identité musculaire chez la drosophile : modules cis-régulateurs et gènes cibles directs de Collier“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2232/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe COE (Collier/Early B cell Factor) family is a metazoan-specific family of transcription factors (TF) that are involved in the control of numerous biological processes, including hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and muscle identity. Mutant analysis of COE TFs across several organisms showed defects in the specification of different cell types, like neuron subtypes or, in mammalians, B lymphocytes and brown adipocytes. However, the COE target genes are mostly unknown. Drosophila (fruit fly) is an excellent model to study the functional diversity of COE TFs. The core of my PhD work was the identification of Collier direct target genes in the DA3 muscle lineage, and the characterization of the corresponding CRM to better understand how COE proteins activate specific target genes in a tissue-dependent manner. I performed chromatin immuno-precipitation on whole embryos followed by systematic sequencing of the immuno-precipitated fragments (ChIPseq). By bio-informatics, I identified Col in vivo binding motif and showed that Col binding in vivo is context-dependent. Several candidate genes were validated by in situ hybridizations and functional analysis of the Col binding CRM. TF are over-represented among these targets. All together, the results reveal an unexpected complexity of gene regulatory networks that control muscle identity in Drosophila and confirm the critical role for Col in several transcription regulatory networks in the embryo. Considering the evolutionary conservation of COE proteins and their in vivo DNA binding properties, these results bring new insight into the complexity of COE function in other organisms, including mammals
Vandel, Jimmy. „Apprentissage de la structure de réseaux bayésiens : application aux données de génétique-génomique“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1913/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStructure learning of gene regulatory networks is a complex process, due to the high number of variables (several thousands) and the small number of available samples (few hundred). Among the proposed approaches to learn these networks, we use the Bayesian network framework. In this way to learn a regulatory network corresponds to learn the structure of a Bayesian network where each variable is a gene and each edge represents a regulation between genes. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in learning the structure of generic Bayesian networks using local search. We explore more efficiently the search space thanks to a new stochastic search algorithm (SGS), a new local operator (SWAP) and an extension for classical operators to briefly overcome the acyclic constraint imposed by Bayesian networks. The second part focuses on learning gene regulatory networks. We proposed a model in the Bayesian networks framework taking into account two kinds of information. The first one, commonly used, is gene expression levels. The second one, more original, is the mutations on the DNA sequence which can explain gene expression variations. The use of these combined data, called genetical genomics, aims to improve the structural learning quality. Our different proposals appeared to be efficient on simulated genetical genomics data and allowed to learn a regulatory network for observed data from Arabidopsis thaliana
Pons, Nicolas. „Réseau de régulation de l'expression des gènes : Détection de motifs et intégration de données génomiques et post-génomiques : Application chez les streptocoques“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModelling the transcriptional regulatory networks allow to set insights in the adaptation mechanisms of living organisms to environmental changes. Here, we propose to build the topological structure of gene expression regulatory networks through the characterization of DNA binding sites. The motif detection is based on bioinformatic approaches combining transcription global analyses (intragenomic approach) and genome comparisons (intergenomic approach). The intragenomic approach consists of comparing upstream sequences of coregulated genes according to transcriptomic data. On the other intergenomic approach, the upstream sequences of orthologous genes are compared. This lies on the expectation that regulatory schemes are conserved between orthologous genes of phylogenetically close bacteria. To build up the orthologous classification, we have developed an original algorithm called Scissors. The algorithm has been optimized to exclude paralogous genes. Scissors has been validated on synthetic genome banks as well as by biological expertise. In order to facilitate the integration of these two approaches, we developed the plateform called iMOMi composed of relational database and a set of software dedicated to the detection of regulatory motifs. The plateform has been used in the experimental studiefds of regulation of several metabolisms in Lactococcus lactis IL1403 as well as Streptococcaea and Firmicutes. The biological relevance of iMOMi has been validated by the DNA binding site characterization of CodY, FruR and FhuR regulators
Rouault, Hervé. „Réseaux génétiques et dynamique spatio-temporelle d'ensembles cellulaires“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a series of works dealing with some aspects of development and cellular differentiation. The first part exposes a bioinformatics algorithm, that we have developed, allowing to study the sequences from the genome responsible for the specific expression of genes in the various tissues constituting an organism. It aims at extracting the key components and some syntax of the cis-regulatory sequences. We present its application to the specification of sensory organ precursors in Drosophila melanogaster. A second part consists in the theoretical study of the structure of the networks of interactions between genes and proteins leading to cell fate specification. We have used a method of evolution in silico, to build genetic networks, needing or not cell-cell communication, mimicking cell differentiation. The underlying phenomena are responsible for the settlement and maintenance of the specialized functions of cells. Finally, in a third part, we propose a model of mechanical control of growth, likely to explain several surprising observation in the formation of organs. In particular, we have modeled the proliferation of cells constituting the Drosophila melanogaster wings and propose a mechanism which make the tissue growth rate uniform
Lopez, Pierre fabrice. „De l'analyse de la régulation transcriptionnelle à la modélisation logique des réseaux géniques“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis report is about bioinformatic analysis of mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression, an ubiquitous phenomenon in all life froms, notably at the root of cellular differenciation. The use of genomic large scale datasets motivated the creation of specific algorithms and methods. These approaches led to the development of tools and databases, namely the software BZScan for the quantification of DNA microarray images, the ATD database listing polyadenylation sites in human and mouse genomes, the sofware package TranscriptomeBrowser containing a transcriptional signatures database, and the logical simultaion and modellind software signatures database, and the logical simulation and modelling software GINsim. A modular programming approach allowed us to develop efficient communication between these different tools
Suzano, Massa Francisco Vitor. „Mise en relation d'images et de modèles 3D avec des réseaux de neurones convolutifs“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1198/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent availability of large catalogs of 3D models enables new possibilities for a 3D reasoning on photographs. This thesis investigates the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for relating 3D objects to 2D images.We first introduce two contributions that are used throughout this thesis: an automatic memory reduction library for deep CNNs, and a study of CNN features for cross-domain matching. In the first one, we develop a library built on top of Torch7 which automatically reduces up to 91% of the memory requirements for deploying a deep CNN. As a second point, we study the effectiveness of various CNN features extracted from a pre-trained network in the case of images from different modalities (real or synthetic images). We show that despite the large cross-domain difference between rendered views and photographs, it is possible to use some of these features for instance retrieval, with possible applications to image-based rendering.There has been a recent use of CNNs for the task of object viewpoint estimation, sometimes with very different design choices. We present these approaches in an unified framework and we analyse the key factors that affect performance. We propose a joint training method that combines both detection and viewpoint estimation, which performs better than considering the viewpoint estimation separately. We also study the impact of the formulation of viewpoint estimation either as a discrete or a continuous task, we quantify the benefits of deeper architectures and we demonstrate that using synthetic data is beneficial. With all these elements combined, we improve over previous state-of-the-art results on the Pascal3D+ dataset by a approximately 5% of mean average viewpoint precision.In the instance retrieval study, the image of the object is given and the goal is to identify among a number of 3D models which object it is. We extend this work to object detection, where instead we are given a 3D model (or a set of 3D models) and we are asked to locate and align the model in the image. We show that simply using CNN features are not enough for this task, and we propose to learn a transformation that brings the features from the real images close to the features from the rendered views. We evaluate our approach both qualitatively and quantitatively on two standard datasets: the IKEAobject dataset, and a subset of the Pascal VOC 2012 dataset of the chair category, and we show state-of-the-art results on both of them
Folliguet, Marysette. „Odontogenèse : cartographie neurale et implications cliniques“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05M096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichaut, Magali. „Analyse de données transcriptome et protéome pour l’étude des réponses aux stress oxydants et aux métaux lourds“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at studying responses to oxidative stress and heavy metals through transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis, in particular in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. This organism is a prokaryote largely studied which notably enables to improve the understanding of plants and is easy to manipulate genetically. The approach first involved analysing the transcriptional responses of Synechocystis' genes in stress conditions, particularly in the presence of cadmium or hydrogen peroxide. Methods to predict protein-protein interactions were then developed in order to construct an interaction network. This network was compared to an experimental network in terms of structure. It was then complemented with transcriptomic data previously analysed in order to obtain a more integrated view of the different phenomena and to study the dynamics of functional modules. The results show different phases in the transcriptional responses as well as functional groups of interacting and coexpressed proteins. In addition, the automation of a mixed hierarchical-pyramidal classification method is proposed. A method to identify composition biases between groups of proteins was also developed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction prediction tool was developed, of use for all sequenced species. This open-source software, InteroPorc, has been made available and has the great advantage of being flexible since it can be applied to different source interactions. Furthermore this tool can be easily run online through a web interface (http://biodev. Extra. Cea. Fr/interoporc/)
Liesecke, Franziska. „"Coupable par association" : exploitation de ressources transcriptomiques pour la construction de réseaux de co-expression de gènes dédiés à l'élucidation de voies cellulaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the rise of high throughput technologies able to provide a large-scale view of transcriptomes, a highamount data has been produced. This work focuses on publicly available data reuse to construct gene coexpressionnetworks for metabolic or signalling pathways elucidation. The final aim of this work, was toprovide a methodology for candidate gene identification and thus focuses on (i) the choice of an appropriateddistance to evaluate similarity between gene expression profiles, (ii) the identification of a minimal numberof samples to be included in the expression matrix in order to construct robust co-expression networks, andfinally (iii) the comparison of targeted co-expression networks built with the Pathway Level Co-expression(PLC) approach and using guide genes coding actors of the Multi Step Phosphorelay (MSP) among differentspecies