Dissertationen zum Thema „Réseau tridimensionnel“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Réseau tridimensionnel" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Cafun, Jean-Daniel. „Photomagnétisme dans les analogues cobalt-fer du bleu de prusse : rôle des espèces du réseau tridimensionnel“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the challenges in the field of molecular magnetism is the design of optically and thermally switchable magnetic materials for which various kinds of applications may be feasible. The long-known photomagnetic CoFe Prussian blue analogs (PBA) appear to have great potentials for these technological applications. The photomagnetic properties in Co-Fe PBA were evidenced by Hashimoto et al. Ten years ago. They are due to a photo-induced electron transfer CoIII(LS)-FeII(LS) CoII(HS)-FeIII(LS). Some significant results concerning the formation of photomagnetic CoIII-FeII pairs and the effect of the amount and nature of inserted alkali-metals on the photomagnetic properties of these compounds have been reported. However the phenomenon is not yet totally understood. In order to understand the switching properties in the Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues, we have studied the role play by each chemical species forming the 3D network in the photomagnetic Prussian blue analogue of chemical formula Rb2Co4[Fe(CN)6]3,3•11H2O. The chemical species forming the 3D network are Co ions, [Fe(CN)6] entities and alkali metal ions. The determination of the Co ligand field parameter in the rubidium compound has allowed the understanding of the role of the cyanide ligand. The effect of the substitutions of the Co, [Fe(CN)6] entities and the alkali metal ions have allowed to understand the role played by these species in the photomagnetic properties
Yu, Ning. „Étude de la cinétique de polymérisation radicalaire du styrène dans un réseau tridimensionnel et application à la valorisation de pneus usagés“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to develop a novel approach to value ground tire rubber (GTR). The latter results from grounding of the rubber part of used tires which retains excellent elasticity. The idea is to take the advantage of its elasticity to toughen brittle polymers such as polystyrene (PS) upon incorporating GTR into them. However, two challenges have to be overcome to realize this idea. (1) Commercial GTR is typically in the form of particles of a few hundreds of micrometers in diameter. However, it has to be at least one to two orders of magnitude smaller when incorporated in a brittle polymer so as to be able to improve its impact resistance. (2) The interfacial adhesion between the polymer and GTR is weak. These two challenges are related to the intrinsic nature of the GTR which is chemically cross-linked. This thesis chooses PS to represent brittle polymers. The approach aiming at toughening it is to polymerize styrene in a free radical manner inside cross-linked GTR particles. This leads to the formation of both free PS and PS that is grafted onto the GTR, denoted as grafted PS. The inclusions of the free PS inside the GTR particles help break them down by mechanical shear in a screw extruder for example and the formation of grafted PS improves the interfacial adhesion between the PS and the GTR. This thesis has developed a comprehensive kinetic model for the polymerization of free PS and that of grafted PS. This model is validated by experimental designs
Lope, Alonso Luis Francisco de. „Développement d'un modèle tridimensionnel couplant sur les approches "milieu poreux équivalent" et "réseau des fractures discrètes" pour la modélisation de l'écoulement dans les massifs fissurés“. Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiais, Pauline. „Synthèse de copolymères amphiphiles triblocs BAB par PISA-RAFT dans l'eau“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past decade, the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has become an efficient tool for the preparation of block-copolymer nanoparticles at high solid contents, in both organic solvents and water. Nonetheless, most of the studied systems are currently based on simple AB diblock copolymers (where A = solvophilic, stabilizer block and B = solvophobic block). Another interesting class of block copolymers are associative BAB triblocks. To the best of our knowledge, very few studies report their synthesis by PISA and the polymerizations are performed in mixtures of alcohol and water. In this work, for the first time, a straightforward strategy to synthesize, in pure water, BAB triblock copolymers through the use of reversible deactivation radical polymerization is developed and studied in details. To this end, an hydrophilic, bifunctional macroRAFT agent of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) with a central benzoic acid group was used in the aqueous dispersion polymerization of diacetone acrylamide. Various morphologies (spheres, fibers and vesicles) could be obtained with good polymerization controls. Moreover, we showed that the particle morphology and colloidal stability strongly depend on the degree of ionization of the central charge in the stabilizer loop. Then, the mechanism of formation of these triblock copolymers during PISA was investigated. Finally, we showed the possibility to form dynamic networks of BAB copolymers – using a one-pot process entirely in water – leading to the formation of thermoresponsive copolymer networks with tunable viscosity
Lauwers, Frédéric. „Etude quantitative tridimensionnelle du réseau micro-vasculaire du cortex cérébral humain“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/173/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetailed information on microvascular network anatomy is a requirement for understanding several aspects of microcirculation, including interpretation of haemodynamically based functional imaging methods, but very few quantitative data on the human brain microcirculation are available. The main objective of this study is to propose a new method to analyze this microcirculation. From thick sections of India ink-injected human brain, using confocal laser microscopy, the author developed algorithms adapted to very large data sets to automatically extract and analyze centre lines together with diameters of thousands of brain microvessels within a large cortex area. From this database the global densities, the statistical distributions of diameters and lengths were analysed, separating the tree-like and the net-like parts of the microcirculation. The topological structure of the cerebral arterioles and venules is tree-like, while that of the capillaries is net-like. Because of this essential difference in nature, the topology of these branching or mesh structures must be analyzed separately. To extract a vascular tree from the skeleton, we identified its origin in the sulcus and traced automatically all the paths from this origin through vessels in which resistance to flow is lower than a prescribed value. The branching pattern of the arteriolar and venous trees extracted is best described by the diameter defined Strahler system. Furthermore, our analysis included variations in volume density along the cortical depth and along vectors parallel to the cortical surface. It appears that spatial specificity of fMRI signals at an intracortical level could profit from precise quantitative evaluation of the vascular network suggested by the present anatomic study
Bendaikha, Tahar. „Photopolymérisation réticulante de macromères multifonctionnels : comportement photochimique de réseaux polyacryliques tridimensionnels“. Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLacroix, Marie. „Méthodes pour la reconstruction, l'analyse et l'exploitation de réseaux tridimensionnels en milieu urbain“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDisasters like the ones that happened in Ghislenghien (Belgium), Ludwigshafen (Germany), or Lyon (France), have been attributed to excavations in the vicinity of gas pipelines. Though pipes are one of the safest methods of transportation for conveying hazardous substances, each year many cases of damage to gas pipes are recorded in France. Most of them are due to works in the vicinity of the networks and some illustrate the lack of reliability of the provided information. Concessionaries have to take stock of the situation and to suggest areas of improvement, so that everyone could benefit from networks becoming safer.To prevent such accidents which involve workers and the public, French authorities enforce two regulations: DT / DICT: reform of the network no-damage by securing the excavations, Multifluide: reform which is interested in securing networks of hazardous events.So, to avoid such accidents or other problems, it is necessary to acquire and control the 3D information concerning the different city networks, especially buried ones.Preventive strategies have to be adopted. That’s why working on the networks and their visualization and risk cartography, taking the blur into account, is a recent and appropriate research. The software applications I develop should help the utility and construction contractors and focus on the prevention of hazardous events thanks to accurate data sets for users and consumers, the definition of a geomatics network but also some methods such as triangulation methods, element modeling, geometrical calculations, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality
Lacroix, Marie. „Méthodes pour la reconstruction, l'analyse et l'exploitation de réseaux tridimensionnels en milieu urbain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDisasters like the ones that happened in Ghislenghien (Belgium), Ludwigshafen (Germany), or Lyon (France), have been attributed to excavations in the vicinity of gas pipelines. Though pipes are one of the safest methods of transportation for conveying hazardous substances, each year many cases of damage to gas pipes are recorded in France. Most of them are due to works in the vicinity of the networks and some illustrate the lack of reliability of the provided information. Concessionaries have to take stock of the situation and to suggest areas of improvement, so that everyone could benefit from networks becoming safer.To prevent such accidents which involve workers and the public, French authorities enforce two regulations: DT / DICT: reform of the network no-damage by securing the excavations, Multifluide: reform which is interested in securing networks of hazardous events.So, to avoid such accidents or other problems, it is necessary to acquire and control the 3D information concerning the different city networks, especially buried ones.Preventive strategies have to be adopted. That’s why working on the networks and their visualization and risk cartography, taking the blur into account, is a recent and appropriate research. The software applications I develop should help the utility and construction contractors and focus on the prevention of hazardous events thanks to accurate data sets for users and consumers, the definition of a geomatics network but also some methods such as triangulation methods, element modeling, geometrical calculations, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality
Salomé, Murielle. „Acquisition et quantification d'images du réseau trabéculaire osseux en microtomographie tridimensionnelle utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron“. Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrabecular bone architecture which determines bone density and its mechanical properties is highly anisotropic and made of trabeculae with an average thickness of 100 microns. As a consequence, the study of this structure ideally requires a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging tool. X-ray tomography which allows reconstructing non-destructively a 3D image of a sample from projections taken at different. Viewing angles is well ml1ted. This work deals with the development of a microtomographic imaging system using synchrotron radiation and dedicated to bone structure studies. Thanks to the properties of synchrotron radiation, the system which we have developed at ESRF, Grenoble, provides 3D images of bone samples in vitro with a spatial resolution around 10 microns. In order to measure morphometric and topological parameters representative of bone structure from these images, we have developed 2D and 3D quantification tools. These parameters have been compared to conventional histomorphometric measurements. The influence of spatial résolution on the evaluation of bone architecture has also been studied, both in simulation and in a real case by comparing measurements performed with our system and with a lower spatial resolution nùcrotomographic scanner. These imaging and quantification tools have been used in a study dealing with the evolution of the structure of trabecular bone with aging. We have also investigated other applications like the study of the structural effects of drugs against osteoporosis and the study of fetal trabecular bone
Pointillart, Fabrice. „Magnétisme et chiralité : des réseaux tridimensionnels à pont oxalate aux chaînes à pont verdazyl“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLetort, Cédric. „Modélisation, implantation et caractérisation de fonctions de routage tridimensionnel de canaux optiques pour les réseaux WDM“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe avenment of selective optical transparency (wavelength insertion-extraction and cross-connect) in WDM network optical nodes is a fundamental study dedicated to find some new transmission architectures. In this frame, the Wavelength Selective Switch appears as a key component to obtain a flexible management of optical network nodes diplaying both wavelength selective optical routing and optical channel power control functions. The study we present here is based on optical beam digital deflection with high flexibility, obtained with diffraction grating displayed on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. We describe here the integration and test of an holographic deflector using LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon) technology whose parameters of realization are optimized for an optical transmission network environment. The modeling of a reconfigurable fibre to fibre optical interconnections system based on holographic deflection leads to the optimization of the adressing map and to the realization of a specific bidimensionnal monomode fiber array with high capacity. All these elements are assembled in a holographical switch prototype whose optical functions are tested
Achour, Rim. „Etude de la fissuration précoce d’une série argileuse : analyse tridimensionnelle du réseau fissural et modélisation numérique“. Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research arose from the co-operation between ENSMP and ANDRA for the study of a potential geological formation for the disposal of the radioactive waste. A main goal is the study of the early cracking within shales from “le Puy” hill in the S-E of France. The originality consists in trying to reconstitute through a timescale the phases of the geological history of the sediment since its mud state to its hardened state. Thus to be able to understand the factors which generated the initiation of early cracking. A scenario of the early cracking based on the study of the structure and the lithology of and from observations and analyses of representative samples was proposed. With the aim of confirming this scenario, a methodology based on the GOCAD software, was established to be able to reconstitute in 3D and individualize the generations of cracks. This confirms the results obtained by other methods and informs us about the nature of the modes of deformations. A numerical FLAC hydro-mechanic modelling simulates a model composed of a marl band intercalated between two argillaceous bands. The model validates the first modes of deformations located on heterogeneities. The witnesses of this history of the early deformations affecting the lithological series are very largely obliterated in the most argillaceous layers. It is one of the originalities of this work to have made it possible to locate them in marl layers whose fast induration allowed their conservation then to gather the informations allowing the establishment of a chronology of cracks applicable to the whole series
Windyga, Zajalzkowski Piotr Stanislaw. „Évaluation et modélisation de connaissances pour la reconstruction tridimensionnelle du réseau vasculaire cardiaque en angiographie biplan“. Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Rainville François-Michel. „Placement interactif de capteurs mobiles dans des environnements tridimensionnels non convexes“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25896.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Thesis proposes a novel mobile sensor placement system working in initially unknown three dimensional environment. The mobile sensors are fix sensors placed on autonomous robots, which are ground and aerial vehicles equipped with computing units. The sensor placement is based on a user-defined view, named the virtual view. This view is manipulated through a virtual sensor intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as its position, orientation, field of view, resolution, etc. The virtual sensor is not subject to any physical constraint, for example it can be place where no sensor could be or it possess an arbitrary large field of view and resolution. The mobile (real) sensors have to acquire the entire information contained in this virtual view. It is only by combining the sensory capacity of an unknown number of sensors that they can acquire the necessary information. First, this Thesis addresses the sensor placement problem by defining a visibility function to qualify a group of sensor configurations in the environment. This function is applicable to three dimensional environments and is based on direct line of sight principle, where we compute the sensor sampling density in its visibility region. Then, this Thesis proposes the use of an incrementally built model of the environment containing all the information needed by the objective function. Next, a cooperative optimization algorithm is put forward to simultaneously find the number of sensors and their respective position required to capture all the information in the virtual view. Finally, the proposed system is experimentally shown to use less sensor to acquire the scene of interest at a higher resolution than state of the art methods in initially known two dimensional environments. It is also shown in simulation and practice that the performance of the system can be transposed to initially unknown non-convex three dimensional environments.
Royan, Jérôme. „Visualisation interactive de scènes urbaines vastes et complexes à travers un réseau“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStratmann, Dirk. „Nouvelles méthodes pour l'attribution de spectres RMN de protéines de structure tridimensionnelle connue“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066667.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA prerequisite for any protein study by NMR is the assignment of the resonances from the 15N-1H HSQC spectrum to their corresponding atoms of the protein backbone. A new type of assignment strategy exploits the information given by an already available 3D structure of the same or a homologous protein. Up to now, the algorithms that have been developed around this strategy have two important drawbacks: they cannot guarantee the accuracy of the assignment and they are not applicable to large proteins. First is shown that the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDC) for the structure based assignment can be problematic, especially the estimation of the alignment tensor is difficult. A novel structure based assignment approach, called NOEnet, is presented here. NOEnet is not based on RDCs but on Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOEs). RDCs, chemical shifts (CS) and almost any kind of data can be included in NOEnet through a general filter approach. NOEnet exploits the network property of unambiguous HN-HN NOE constraints to realize an exhaustive search of all matching possibilities of the NOE network on the structural one. Its efficient complete search algorithm ensures the correctness of the assignment results. NOEnet has been successfully tested on several proteins up to 28 kDa, using only NOE data or a combination of NOE, RDC and CS data
Meribout, Mahmoud. „Conception en vue d'une réalisation d'un système de vision tridimensionnel“. Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaessel, Matthieu. „Modélisation 3D de réseaux fibreux : un outil pour l'étude des interactions microstructure-propriétés de panneaux de fibres“. Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12781.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBOŁDAK, Cezary. „Extraction et caractérisation 3D des réseaux vasculaires en imagerie scanner multibarette : application aux réseaux des membres inférieurs et des coronaires“. Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMomplot, Adrien. „Modélisation tridimensionnelle des écoulements en réseau d’assainissement : Evaluation des modèles RANS à travers l’étude des écoulements au droit d’ouvrages spéciaux“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of sewer flows behaviour is a key component for better urban drainage monitoring and management. However, these flows are conveyed across singularities (such as bends, drops, deviations, etc.) and special structures (combined sewer overflows –CSOs–, channels junction, dividing flow structures, etc.). These singularities and specific structures exhibit complex geometries, leading to open channel turbulent, three-dimensional and multiphase (pollutants and storm and sewer waters) flows. Using three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) platform allows a better understanding of mechanisms of contaminants transport through these structures and singularities, leading to a better sewer monitoring. In this thesis, 3D-RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) modelling approach under steady-state conditions is used in order to study flows within CSOs, junctions and bifurcations. Through these three structures, several modelling strategies (wall law/turbulence model combination, velocity/pressure coupling algorithm, spatial discretisation schemes, boundary conditions, computational mesh –shape and size of cells–, etc.) are tested and evaluated thanks to performance indicators (such as RMS –Root Mean Square– indicators) based on velocities (in situ mean velocities and PIV velocity fields obtained in laboratory), water depths and discharge (discharge repartition for bifurcation in laboratory or in situ overflow discharge, for CSOs). Results deriving from these tests are transposable to other singularities or special structures encountered in sewer network and suggest that: i) simulated CFD results are sensitive to the roughness coefficient; ii) for the three studied structures, second-order discretisation schemes and SIMPLE or PISO velocity/pressure coupling algorithm are appropriate; iii) scalable wall function associated to the group of k-ε turbulence model for junction flows (with a lateral inflow lower or equal to the main inflow) or for CSOs is appropriate, whereas RSM turbulence model associated to enhanced wall function allows a better representation of bifurcation flows or junctions flows when the lateral inflow is greater than the main inflow. Based on these results and on Jakeman et al. (2006) guideline, a six steps-methodology focused on the using of RANS approach modelling has been proposed. This six steps-methodology is used in order to i) enhance the monitoring of an OTHU (Observatoire de Terrain en Hydrologie Urbaine) CSO located at Ecully accounting for uncertainties on overflow discharge values ;ii) simulate the performance of flowmeters downstream of a junction, defining the best location for these sensors. This methodology is used to design the new overflow discharge measurement device. This device is an international patent. Finally, the application of the methodology led to point out a new flow structure, occurring in the downstream lateral branch of a 90° bifurcation
Ruichek, Yassine. „Stéréovision linéaire par réseau de neurones de Hopfield : application à la détection d'obstacles à l'avant des véhicules routiers“. Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-43.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDussault, Marc-André. „Développement d'un dispositif d'extrusion tridimensionnelle de sucre vitrifié pour la production de réseaux fluidiques complexes par moulage rapide“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe overall goal of this broad research project, within which this master project took place, is to cure type 1 diabetes. We aim to produce a vascularized bioartificial pancreas that would be made of beta cells embedded in a hydrogel (i.e. insulin secreting cells). This organ would restore to type 1 diabetics the self-capacity to secrete insulin, thus to control in real time their glycaemia. Vascularization is currently a major issue in the field of tissue engineering. Most tissues produced by TE are limited in thickness due to the lack of adequate vasculature. To engineer a tissue thicker than 400 μm, vascularization is mandatory for most of the cells to survive [1]. The lack of adequate vascularization leads to hypoxia and hinders cells to fulfill their functions. This thesis presents the development and the commissioning of a 3D sugar glass extrusion apparatus for the vascularization of a bioartificial pancreas. This apparatus was developed at the “laboratoire de recherche sur les procédés d’impression 3D” and at the “bureau de design” in the mechanical engineering department of Université Laval. With this pioneering 3D printing technology, it is now possible to rapidly and precisely produce temporary sugar glass template that can then be used to produce complex 3D vascular networks. After the printing process, the temporary template is used as a mold for the rapid casting of vascularized constructs made with materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or cellladen hydrogels. Due to the nature of the material used, the temporary lattices can be dissolved in an aqueous medium without releasing any cytotoxic byproducts and in a fast and easy fashion. This feature is a major advantage in the context of bioengineering.
Charnoz, Arnaud. „Recalage d'organes intra-patient à partir de l'étude de leur réseau vasculaire : Application au foie“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CHARNOZ_Arnaud_2007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a new automated method to evaluate the deformation of a vascularized organ between two CT-scan images. This method analyses internal vascular networks in order to better register those images. This way, it provides support for the diagnosis by easing individual tumour follow-up as well as for the planning by creating more detailed vascular network models. The method is composed of three major steps. First, contrasted vascular networks in CT-scan images are modelled thanks to graphs. Then, an original graph matching algorithm associates common bifurcations. Finally, a transformation is computed from estimated matchings in order to compensate the overall organ deformation. The many experimentations carried out on our databases of synthetic and real patients validate the efficiency and robustness of this new method
Groueix, Thibault. „Learning 3D Generation and Matching“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to develop deep learning approaches to model and analyse 3D shapes. Progress in this field could democratize artistic creation of 3D assets which currently requires time and expert skills with technical software.We focus on the design of deep learning solutions for two particular tasks, key to many 3D modeling applications: single-view reconstruction and shape matching.A single-view reconstruction (SVR) method takes as input a single image and predicts the physical world which produced that image. SVR dates back to the early days of computer vision. In particular, in the 1960s, Lawrence G. Roberts proposed to align simple 3D primitives to the input image under the assumption that the physical world is made of cuboids. Another approach proposed by Berthold Horn in the 1970s is to decompose the input image in intrinsic images and use those to predict the depth of every input pixel.Since several configurations of shapes, texture and illumination can explain the same image, both approaches need to form assumptions on the distribution of images and 3D shapes to resolve the ambiguity. In this thesis, we learn these assumptions from large-scale datasets instead of manually designing them. Learning allows us to perform complete object reconstruction, including parts which are not visible in the input image.Shape matching aims at finding correspondences between 3D objects. Solving this task requires both a local and global understanding of 3D shapes which is hard to achieve explicitly. Instead we train neural networks on large-scale datasets to solve this task and capture this knowledge implicitly through their internal parameters.Shape matching supports many 3D modeling applications such as attribute transfer, automatic rigging for animation, or mesh editing.The first technical contribution of this thesis is a new parametric representation of 3D surfaces modeled by neural networks.The choice of data representation is a critical aspect of any 3D reconstruction algorithm. Until recently, most of the approaches in deep 3D model generation were predicting volumetric voxel grids or point clouds, which are discrete representations. Instead, we present an alternative approach that predicts a parametric surface deformation ie a mapping from a template to a target geometry. To demonstrate the benefits of such a representation, we train a deep encoder-decoder for single-view reconstruction using our new representation. Our approach, dubbed AtlasNet, is the first deep single-view reconstruction approach able to reconstruct meshes from images without relying on an independent post-processing, and can do it at arbitrary resolution without memory issues. A more detailed analysis of AtlasNet reveals it also generalizes better to categories it has not been trained on than other deep 3D generation approaches.Our second main contribution is a novel shape matching approach purely based on reconstruction via deformations. We show that the quality of the shape reconstructions is critical to obtain good correspondences, and therefore introduce a test-time optimization scheme to refine the learned deformations. For humans and other deformable shape categories deviating by a near-isometry, our approach can leverage a shape template and isometric regularization of the surface deformations. As category exhibiting non-isometric variations, such as chairs, do not have a clear template, we learn how to deform any shape into any other and leverage cycle-consistency constraints to learn meaningful correspondences. Our reconstruction-for-matching strategy operates directly on point clouds, is robust to many types of perturbations, and outperforms the state of the art by 15% on dense matching of real human scans
Lelièvre, Edwige. „Des jeux de rôle en ligne tridimensionnels aux jeux à réalité alternée : expérience esthétique, création et expérimentation“. Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/181885379#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVideo games have become a serious subject of study in digital arts. However, if this media has become more and more recognized as a piece of art, studies on his practice are still rare. Yet, the gaming experience seems really substantial. Particularly 3D online roleplaying game seem to propose a unique experience given the fact they generate a huge investment from the players. Some players can spend several hours a day, during several years on the same game. Thus, in online roleplaying games, relation between games and players is built like a long term relationship. Online roleplaying games created with interactive computer graphics seem to ask art field two questions. Do they make possible aesthetic experiences? And what can be those characteristics? We need to find in what these games encourage players to create, and what is their potential as a creation form for authors. We based our researchs on the analysis of player’s aesthetic experiment and creations, on the creation of an experimental online roleplaying game and on the creation of an alternate reality game crossed with a online roleplaying game systems. We will offer a new perspective on this type of game. Our researchs is aimed at showing the creative aspects of those games and the aesthetic experience they can provide. Our last goal is to help authors access this innovating support
Macé, Laëtitia. „Caractérisation et modélisation numériques tridimensionnelles des réseaux de fractures naturelles : application au cas des réservoirs“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_MACE_L.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural fractures have a dramatic impact on reservoirs either in fields such as mining and petroleum engineering or hydrogeology. Indeed, acting as conductors or barriers, they often control the flow and also the storage capacity in such reservoirs. The presented work is enclosed in the numerical modelling line of naturally fractured reservoirs, addressing the specific issues of characterizing and modelling fractures in three dimensions. The proposed approaches successively deal with the first logical stages of this modelling: 1. Natural fractures characterization from structural data: a geomechanical and probabilistic approach in three dimensions integrates tensorial strain data (obtained from forward or backward modelling techniques) in order to compute new structural drivers of fracturing intensity and orientation. The proposed mathematical framework also account for petrophysical rock property uncertainties. 2. Numerical fracture network modelling: a discrete fracture network modelling approach in three dimensions was developed because of its flexibility and its realism. A numerical stochastic simulation enables to model any kind of fracture network while honouring field data and predefined geological constraints (such as strata confinement, relative chronology between several fracture systems, etc. ). 3. Connectivity analysis of discrete fracture networks: a graph structure highlights the connectivity relationships between the discrete fractures of a three-dimensional network. Several connectivity analysis methods, qualitative and quantitative, are then outlined with an emphasis on their improvement on understanding of the fracturing impact on fluid flows
Massone, Quentin. „Numérisation 3D en environnement aquatique : application aux réseaux karstiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKarst aquifers, mainly limestone geological formations, represent a considerable challenge in the current context where many parts of the world are under water stress due to climate change. Although these aquifers are one of the world’s main freshwater sources, they are still underexploited due to a lack of precise knowledge of their geomorphology. Exploring them to collect data is a complex task because the networks formed in this type of environment are very extensive. In addition, sending divers is not ideal as they are limited in depth and the risks are significant due to the confinement and unpredictable structure. Eventually, the shipment of autonomous underwater vehicles would allow further exploration of the tunnels safely while acquiring data from sensors. However, using such vehicles in such an unpredictable environment without human supervision still presents many technical and scientific challenges.The objective of this thesis is therefore to propose 3D vision solutions adapted to gallery networks present in this type of environment. We thus propose two approaches based on the use of camera and a projector of conical shape.The first, prospective, is an active stereovision method using a system composed of two cameras and the projector, has been validated in simulation via the use of a gallery model.The second, which is the heart of this memory, is a structured light 3D reconstruction method using the combination of a camera and a cone-shaped projector.After extracting the contours, the points of these contours are reconstructed in 3D using the geometric constraint between the cone and the camera. This geometric constraint is expressed via the parameters of the headlamp cone, the estimation of which is made via a specific calibration.Various experiments have been carried out to validate this original approach. The first is carried out in a laboratory where a luminous contour projected on two orthogonal walls is reconstructed in 3D and then verified via tests of coplanarity and angulation between these two control walls. The second is carried out in an abandoned aqueduct (without water) having the advantage of reproducing an environment close to that of a karst aquifer: narrow, without light and especially without water to continue our assessment. The validation of the results is done on tests of coplanarity of the walls of the aqueduct and on the estimation of the known distance between these walls. The third is done in the pool, the first step before the final test in karstic environment. The validation of the results is also carried out by tests of the coplanarity of the points on the ground and the estimation of the cylindrical shape of the pool and its radius
Verscheure, Leslie. „Description symbolique d’une arborescence vasculaire : application au réseau vasculaire cérébral“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10090/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the methodology and the evaluation of a symbolic description method applied on vascular trees from multimodal 3D images. This work aims to supply a global methodological framework for the analysis of such structures and, more particularly, for the cerebral vascular tree. The clinical application field is neurosurgery and particularly neurosurgery planning. Our method is based on the application of the minimum cost-spanning tree using Dijkstra’s algorithm and seems well appropriate to tubular objects. We skeletonize the structure in two stages: first, we extract the main branch which corresponds to the longest branch of the Dijkstra’s tree, then, we detect iteratively every secondary branch by keeping the branches of the tree which length is superior to a fixed threshold. Since our skeletonization works in an iterative way, we possess local information for each branch. In this way, the symbolic description is facilitated and consists in a partitioning of the skeleton to collect the descriptive characteristics. Algorithms were implemented on the laboratory software platform (ArtiMED) developed in Borland C++ and estimated on digital and clinical data. The evaluation scheme adopts a specific experiment approach consisting in a comparison of the results of a series of 18 rotations of the initial volume
Dreher, Thomas. „Couplage de la méthode des éléments finis tridimensionnels avec une méthode d'analyse du circuit électrique : application à la modélisation des machines électriques tournantes“. Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOldfield, Andrew. „Etude du réseau transcriptionnel du gène Xist, acteur principal de l'inactivation du chromosome X“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePedrazzani, Mélanie. „Microscopie de fluorescence rapide et optique adaptative pour l'étude fonctionnelle tridimensionnelle in vivo des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans la mémoire chez Drosophila melanogaster“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS226/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCellular and neural network dynamics involved in memory formation remain poorly known despite the progress brought by advanced optical microscopies to neurobiology. The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism constitute one of the most promising approaches due to its unique features: a small brain size, outstanding learning capabilities, very powerful genetic tools and the possibility to analyze a whole neural network with a cellular resolution. To this aim, we implemented two types of optical fluorescence microscopes coupled to cutting-edge fluorescent biosensors, calcic G-CaMP6f and voltage ArcLight probes. We used HiLo structured illumination, a technique able to provide axial optical sectioning, deep in the brain, to study the role of dopaminergic and gabaergic molecular receptors in the transmission of aversive stimulus to mushroom bodies neurons. We also evidenced a non-uniform response of type α/β mushroom bodies neurons under electrical stimulation at 10 to 20 µm depth of analysis. To penetrate deeper in the brain, we added an adaptive optics feedback loop into our microscope in order to overcome aberrations issues. We were then able to rebuild optical sections down to 50 µm depth. The second type of microscopy we developed is a multiconfocal microscope using spinning disk. The aim was to image all the mushroom bodies neurons, at the level of their cell bodies, with a cellular resolution. Since this project is at its beginning, it did not allow us to answer to advanced biological questions yet
Golebiewski, Brigitte. „Propriétés de réseau et dynamique segmentaire dans les copolymères triséquences : approche RMN“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10225.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOliva, Jean-Michel. „Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'objets complexes a l'aide de diagrammes de Voronoi simplifiés : application a l'interpolation 3D de sections géologiques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeagu, Ionut. „Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation tridimensionnelle de l’interface fibres/fil“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe basic need of this study, would be to predict accurately yarn structure behavior based on the physical behavior and mechanical properties under different loads applied to the range. Beyond the scientific nature of the forecast, we can use the same computer to simulate virtually ground tests and laboratory experiments (prediction of new material technology) or to generate realistic animation art characters (design of textiles and clothing).Therefore, to model and to predict the different behavior in the chain of textile design by the a tool provides a gain of time and considerable manpower. Simulation of laboratory tests for textile products in the clothing industry may eventually lead to improved products, lead to higher rates of successful or reduce the amount of unsold goods, and lead ultimately to an increase in sales. In computer graphics, it is possible to implement a virtual chain of comparative testing using a specific standard based on criteria of quality obtained by simulation. The innovative aspect of our research is the generation of a structure with a variable diameter structure. The real model of the yarn is simulated by presenting a preliminary 2D structure that simulates the change in diameter and after the 3D presentation of it, the repetition of the simulated part is also an important part.The use of interpolation curves represented by Bezier polynomials in the context of this work represents a new approach, especially in the area of natural yarns sectional variation.In this context we obtained a valid model of the yarn in order to extended and validated theother one that are allready developed The main objective of this work is to complement research conducted in the framework of modeling and simulation applications textiles. By using 3D tools, companies can reduce the time required for product improvement. The immediate consequences are the reduction of costs and working hours. The increased power and speed of computing technologies, but also reducing their prices, make possible the implementation of virtual tools to improve the realistic level of quality and technical simulations
Perret, Julien. „Modélisation d'environnements urbains virtuels“. Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRittemard, Charlotte. „Identification d’espèce par micro-CT et reconstruction tridimensionnelle : méthodologie et applications aux sciences archéologiques, historiques et forensiques“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe distinction between human and animal remains or between different animal species represents one of the most fundamental steps in the identification of bone remains discovered in archaeological and forensic contexts. Unfortunately, the frequent bone fragmentation makes this identification difficult or even impossible only based on anatomical osteology. The use of new identification criteria and a more accurate method of analysis are then necessary. In this perspective, the analysis of bone microstructural features, in particular, the canal cortical network (CCN) appears discriminating as its organization varies among species. This Ph.D. dissertation aims to define CCN microstructural parameters allowing the determination of the human or non-human origin of bone fragments and then the identification of the animal species concerned. In this research, we performed 3D qualitative and quantitative analysis of µCT images from long bones (Femur and humerus) of 3 species (H. sapiens, S. scrofa and B. taurus). The identification test, based on the random forests statistical method, results in a total correct identification rate of 88.82%. 100% of the human's samples were properly identified as well as 86.6% of S. scrofa and 79.51% of B. taurus samples. Canal’s mean length and connectivity appear to be the most discriminating parameters. The 3D observation and quantification of CCN proved to be a non-invasive and promising method for species identification, appropriate for the study of rare or fragile specimens. It can be useful in various science fields in case of important fragmentation. In order to confirm and improved theses first results, it is, however, necessary to enhance this identification method by testing other bones and animal species
Risser, Laurent. „Analyse quantitative de réseaux micro-vasculaires intra-corticaux“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is a quantitative investigation of intra-cortical micro-vascular networks using a new micro-tomography imaging protocol which permits a complete scan of the entire gray matter with a micron resolution. The first part of the PhD is devoted to the analysis of very large 3D images coming from healthy rats and marmosets primate cortex, as well as tumour implanted rats brains. Classical methods are used for binarisation and squeletonization of the images. The influence of the experimental protocol on the obtained images is evaluated. A fast and original method is proposed to fill the gaps of incompletely injected vessels the efficiency of which is tested and validated. The second part of the PhD is concerned by the statistical analysis of geometrical, local and topological properties of micro-vascular networks. Geometrical properties are related to the spatial distribution of vessels from studying the vascular density and the vessel/tissue distance map. We brought to the fore the multi-scale properties of those fields from fractal and spectral analysis up to a some cut-off which defines the typical length-scale of an elementary representative volume. We found that this length-scale significantly differ in normal and tumoral tissues. The local analysis of vessel's segment length systematically exhibits exponential distribution, which leads to some characteristic segments length. Those length significantly differ in adult and new-born primates tissues. This analysis is consistent with the result obtained on the vascular density and leads to the conclusion that developmental angiogenesis occurs mainly at the capillary scale. .
Vincent, Rémi. „Modélisation et simulation en trois dimensions d'un réseau fibreux en vue de prédire ses propriétés physiques“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEn vue de mieux comprendre l'influence de la morphologie des fibres sur les caractéristiques du papier, nous avons développé un outil de simulation qui permet de générer, manipuler et visualiser un réseau fibreux dont la structure ressemble à celle d'un papier de laboratoire. Les principales propriétés de contexture ainsi que la résistance à la rupture en traction du réseau sont déterminées. Une méthode de Lattice-Boltzmann a été appliquée pour estimer la perméabilité du réseau. Toutes les étapes ont été validées par un travail expérimental.
Behlouli, Hassan. „Apprentissages auto-améliorants et modélisation de la dynamique temporelle de données évolutives par réseaux de neurones : application au diagnostic et la prédiction en électrocardiologie quantitative“. Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present various methodologies to improve decision making on follow-up patient data and their validation in the field of quantitative electrocardiology. First, we propose an extension to the classical Pattern Recognition supervised learning model by introducing a self-improving concept based on information min. Ing from undocumented datasets. Then we apply this concept to the particular case of neural networks based supervised learning and we propose a self-improving learning methodology integrating iteratively, in the initial learning set, undocumented data that are extracted from databases not validated by experts. This method involves different concepts such as neural network combination, rejection of ambiguous cases and control of the learning process by cross-validation. Using this approach for the categorisation of cardiac diseases we could significantly improve the performance of the original classifiers. Secondly, we developed a methodology based on neural networks to model the dynamic behavior of the heart particularly for predicting one of the main descriptors of the ventricular repolarisation, i. E. : the QT interval as a function of the RR interval that represents the inverse of heart rate. An initial evaluation on a series of sequences of 30 electrocardiograms (3D ECG) continuously '1 recorded over 24 hours allowed to demonstrate the pertinence of the models and to study the ray of some parameters (e. G. Memory effect and noise level) on the prediction quality of this model We conclude by presenting another outcome of our work, a series of generic analysis processing tool s that were integrated into the MATIS environment (Mathematical Tools Integration Software), which is a fundamental building black for the future workstation of the research cardiologist
Aden, Diriye Abdourahman. „Modélisation analytique tridimensionnelle de nouvelles structures de génératrices électriques destinées à l'éolien de forte puissance“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH13/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis subject of the thesis is part of a priority research theme developed by the GREAH laboratory on the optimization of the energy efficiency of electrical energy management and production systems. In this context, the performance of energy converters (electrical machines for the conversion of electromechanical energy) have a decisive impact on the energy efficiency of the conversion and on the quality of electrical energy management in terms of efficiency, reduction of emissions, reduction of costs, which therefore requires a special effort to design. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a light model allowing to exploit fairly quickly the space of potentially optimal solutions in the first phase of machine design. The work presented in this thesis focuses on electromagnetic modeling for the pre-design of permanent magnets synchronous machines integrated into high power wind turbines. In this manuscript, two modeling approaches of electric machines have been proposed. The presented reluctance network modeling is generated from the mesh of studied domain as the finite element method. Reluctance elements are used for the mesh. The proposed hybrid analytical modeling is based on a strong coupling between a reluctances network generated from a mesh of the study domain and analytical models based on the formal solution of Maxwell’s equations in regions of low permeability (magnetic gap). This approach can help solve the problem of air-gap modeling in MEC method, and the consideration of the local magnetic saturation in modeling approaches involving analytical technique. The results obtained from these models are validated by the corresponding results from the finite element method and very good has been observed. To indicate the gain obtained in time, the execution times of the programs are compared to the times set by the Flux software
Magnin, Olivier. „Utilisation des ondes sismiques pour le caractérisation d'objets enfouis : contribution à la mise au point d'une méthode d'imagerie sismique de très haute résolution : application à l'imagerie des fondations de pylônes du Réseau de Transport d'Electricité“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoudjemaï, Farid. „Reconstruction de surfaces d'objets 3D à partir de nuages de points par réseaux de neurones 3D-SOM“. Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bcedde4b-f138-4193-8cec-20a49de14358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarthélémy, Pierre. „Etude de la géométrie des réseaux de fractures naturelles à différentes échelles : reconnaissance de structures hiérarchisées et incidence sur les propriétés hydrauliques“. Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112440.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBahmani, Maryam. „Exploration architecturale et étude des performances des réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés verticalement“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUtilization of the third dimension can lead to a significant reduction in power and average hop-count in Networks- on-Chip (NoC). TSV technology, as the most promising technology in 3D integration, offers short and fast vertical links which copes with the long wire problem in 2D NoCs. Nonetheless, TSVs are huge and their manufacturing process is still immature, which reduces the yield of 3D NoC based SoC. Therefore, Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC has been introduced to benefit from both 3D technology and high yield. Moreover, Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC is flexible, due to the fact that the number, placement, and assignment of the vertical links in each layer can be decided based on the limitations and requirements of the design. However, there are challenges to present a feasible and high-performance Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC due to the removed vertical links between the layers. This thesis addresses the challenges of Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC: Routing is the major problem of the Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC. Since some vertical links are removed, some of the routers do not have up or/and down ports. Therefore, there should be a path to send a packet to upper or lower layer which obviously has to be determined by a routing algorithm. The suggested paths should not cause deadlock through the network. To cope with this problem we explain and evaluate a deadlock- and livelock-free routing algorithm called Elevator First. Fundamentally, the NoC performance is affected by both 1) micro-architecture of routers and 2) architecture of interconnection. The router architecture has a significant effect on the performance of NoC, as it is a part of transportation delay. Therefore, the simplicity and efficiency of the design of NoC router micro architecture are the critical issues, especially in Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC which has already suffered from high average latency due to some removed vertical links. Therefore, we present the design and implementation the micro-architecture of a router which not only exactly and quickly transfers the packets based on the Elevator First routing algorithm, but it also consumes a reasonable amount of area and power. From the architecture point of view, the number and placement of vertical links have a key role in the performance of the Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC, since they affect the average hop-count and link and buffer utilization in the network. Furthermore, the assignment of the vertical links to the routers which do not have up or/and down port(s) is an important issue which influences the performance of the 3D routers. Therefore, the architectural exploration of Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC is both important and non-trivial. We define, study, and evaluate the parameters which describe the behavior of the network. The parameters can be helpful to place and assign the vertical links in the layers effectively. Finally, we propose a quadratic-based estimation method to anticipate the saturation threshold of the network's average latency
Bekhti, Mustapha. „Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm
Courchay, Jérôme. „Calibration par programmation linéaire et reconstruction spatio-temporelle à partir de réseaux d’images“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe issue of retrieving a 3D shape from a static scene captured with multiple view point calibrated cameras has been deeply studied these last decades. Results presented in the stereovision benchmark made by Strecha et al., show the high quality of state of the art methods. Particularly, works from IMAGINE laboratory lead to impressive results. So, it becomes convenient to calibrate wider and wider scenes, in order to apply these stereovision algorithms to large scale scenes. Three main objectives appear : – The calibration accuracy should be improved. As stated by Yasutaka Furukawa, even stereovision benchmarks use noisy cameras. So one obvious way to improve stereovision, is to improve camera calibration. – It is crucial to take cycles into account in cameras graph in a global way. Most of nowadays methods are sequential and so present a drift. So these methods do not offer the guarantee to retrieve the loopy configuration for a loop made of a high number of images, but retrieve a spiral configuration. As we aim to calibrate wider and wider cameras networks, this point becomes quite crucial. – To calibrate wide cameras networks, having quick and linear algorithms can be necessary. Calibration methods we propose in the first part, allow to calibrate with an accuracy close to state of the art. Moreover, we take cyclicity constraints into account in a global way, with linear optimisations under linear constraints. So these methods allow to take cycle into account and benefit from quickness of linear programming. Finally, sterovision being a well studied topic, it is convenient to concentrate on the next step, that is, spatio-temporal reconstruction. The IMAGINE' stereovision method being the state of the art, it is interesting to extend this method to spatio-temporal reconstruction, that is, dynamique scene reconstruction captured from a dome of cameras
Serhan, Hayssam. „Approches biomimétiques pour le contrôle de la marche des robots bipèdes : stratégie intuitive et intégration d'un modèle de muscle“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe approach proposed in this thesis is to update the parameters of a PID controller using a specialized learning algorithm in order to reproduce the fluids and tonics that can be observed in human walking gaits. This approach is based on neural techniques and techniques of dynamic walking modeling of the human being. Experimental data are extracted from the work of LISV as part of its activities on disability with the functional rehabilitation department of the Raymond Poincaré hospital in Garches. In a first stage a non-linear model of a muscle based on a neural network has been identified and used as a reference model for learning another neural network which regulates online the parameters of a PID controller in a way for the physical system [PID Controller + Motor] to behave like the muscle model. In order to validate our study, in a first time, a dynamic simulation of the robot ROBIAN of LISV has been developed under OPENHRP. In a second step, an original approach to the 3D dynamic walking has been implemented in this simulator. Finally the physical model of muscle already developed is incorporated into the algorithm for generating the walking cycles of ROBIAN. The set is simulated under OPENHRP. The results show that the online learning of the PID parameters of the knee from the neural model of muscle, did improve the fluidity of movement, increased robustness against perurbations (lateral and frontal push) and walk-stop-walk transitions. Compararaison with human walking is conducted along with an assessment of power consumption compatibility with ROBIAN motors
Da, penha coelho Alexandre Augusto. „Tolérance aux fautes et fiabilité pour les réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNetworks-on-Chip (NoC) have emerged as a viable solution for the communication challenges in highly complex Systems-on-Chip (SoC). The NoC architecture paradigm, based on a modular packet-switched mechanism, can address many of the on-chip communication challenges such as wiring complexity, communication latency, and bandwidth. Furthermore, the combined benefits of 3D IC and Networks-on-Chip (NoC) schemes provide the possibility of designing a high-performance system in a limited chip area. The major advantages of Three-Dimensional Networks-on-Chip (3D-NoCs) are a considerable reduction in the average wire length and wire delay, resulting in lower power consumption and higher performance. However, 3D-NoCs suffer from some reliability issues such as the process variability of 3D-IC manufacturing. In particular, the low yield of vertical connection significantly impacts the design of three-dimensional die stacks with a large number of Through Silicon Via (TSV). Equally concerning, advances in integrated circuit manufacturing technologies are resulting in a potential increase in their sensitivity to the effects of radiation present in the environment in which they will operate. In fact, the increasing number of transient faults has become, in recent years, a major concern in the design of critical SoC. As a result, the evaluation of the sensitivity of circuits and applications to events caused by energetic particles present in the real environment is a major concern that needs to be addressed. So, this thesis presents contributions in two important areas of reliability research: in the design and implementation of deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing schemes for the emerging three-dimensional Networks-on-Chips; and in the design of fault injection frameworks able to emulate single and multiple transient faults in the HDL-based circuits. The first part of this thesis addresses the issues of transient and permanent faults in the architecture of 3D-NoCs and introduces a new resilient routing computation unit as well as a new runtime fault-tolerant routing scheme. A novel resilient mechanism is introduced in order to tolerate transient faults occurring in the route computation unit (RCU), which is the most important logical element in NoC routers. Failures in the RCU can provoke misrouting, which may lead to severe effects such as deadlocks or packet loss, corrupting the operation of the entire chip. By combining a reliable fault detection circuit leveraging circuit-level double-sampling, with a cost-effective rerouting mechanism, we develop a full fault-tolerance solution that can efficiently detect and correct such fatal errors before the affected packets leave the router. Yet in the first part of this thesis, a novel fault-tolerant routing scheme for vertically-partially-connected 3D Networks-on-Chip called FL-RuNS is presented. Thanks to an asymmetric distribution of virtual channels, FL-RuNS can guarantee 100% packet delivery under an unconstrained set of runtime and permanent vertical link failures. With the aim to emulate the radiation effects on new SoCs designs, the second part of this thesis addresses the fault injection methodologies by introducing two frameworks named NETFI-2 (Netlist Fault Injection) and NoCFI (Networks-on-Chip Fault Injection). NETFI-2 is a fault injection methodology able to emulate transient faults such as Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Single Event Transient (SET) in a HDL-based (Hardware Description Language) design. Extensive experiments performed on two appealing case studies are presented to demonstrate NETFI-2 features and advantage. Finally, in the last part of this work, we present NoCFI as a novel methodology to inject multiple faults such as MBUs and SEMT in a Networks-on-Chip architecture. NoCFI combines ASIC-design-flow, in order to extract layout information, and FPGA-design-flow to emulate multiple transient faults
Tarabay, Ranine. „Simulations des écoulements sanguins dans des réseaux vasculaires complexes“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTowards a large scale 3D computational model of physiological hemodynamics, remarkable progress has been made in simulating blood flow in realistic anatomical models constructed from three-dimensional medical imaging data in the past few decades. When accurate anatomic models are of primary importance in simulating blood flow, realistic boundary conditions are equally important in computing velocity and pressure fields. Thus, the first target of this thesis was to investigate the convergence analysis of the unknown fields for various types of boundary conditions allowing for a flexible framework with respect to the type of input data (velocity, pressure, flow rate, ...). In order to deal with the associated large computational cost, requiring high performance computing, we were interested in comparing the performance of two block preconditioners; the least-squared commutator preconditioner and the pressure convection diffusion preconditioner. We implemented the latter, in the context of this thesis, in the Feel++ library. With the purpose of handling the fluid-structure interaction, we focused of the approximation of the force exerted by the fluid on the structure, a field that is essential while setting the continuity condition to ensure the coupling of the fluid model with the structure model. Finally, in order to assess our numerical choices, two benchmarks (the FDA benchmark and the Phantom benchmark) were carried out, and a comparison with respect to experimental and numerical data was established and validated
Demésy, Guillaume. „Modélisation électromagnétique tri-dimensionnelle de réseaux complexes. Application au filtrage spectral dans les imageurs CMOS“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436046.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle