Dissertationen zum Thema „Réseau photonique“
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Lechevalier, Corentin. „Structure des bandes, états propres et dynamique non linéaire dans un réseau photonique fibré“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR070.
The subject of this manuscript's research is based on the characterization the dynamics of light in a photonic lattice. Photonic lattice are platform where light can propagate and be precisely analysed. The photonic lattice studied is formed by two fiber coupled ring. The evolution of light inside the lattice is fully describe by one relation. This one is especially challenging to be measured in a single measure. In our study, we propose to measure the complet relation into a single measure thanks to an add-on device.When the relation is observed, we analyze its structure to describe fundamental propreties of the lattice. Our experimental device offer the possibility to measure various relation but moreover complex physical phenomena such as high pulses formation, coherents structures or pulses interactions
Collardey, Sylvain. „Applications des matériaux à bande interdite photonique à la réduction de la S. E. R. D'un réseau d'antennes“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10155.
He, Qiong. „Diffraction de Bragg dans des réseaux minces à deux dimensions“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112137.
Optical signal processing requires compact, efficient and selective devices. The solution suggested in this thesis consists in the setting of a thin transmission grating inside a reflection grating or a Bragg mirror, which offer, at the band-edge of the device, the triple advantage of a strongly amplified diffraction efficiency, a largely improved wavelength selectivity and a Bragg diffraction regime. This principle was implemented in two designs: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating and a transmission grating recorded in a Bragg reflector deposited on another totally reflecting Bragg mirror. These designs were validated by two experimental achievements: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating recorded in a photopolymer material by optical interference, and a transmission grating recorded in a semiconductor Bragg mirror (CdMgTe/CdMnTe). An analytical model was developed which showed the huge potential of such a device. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical calculations resulting from our model. The comparison with the equivalent transmission gratings recorded in a homogeneous medium demonstrated the huge improvement in the diffraction properties when the read beam wavelength and incidence correspond to the band edge of the reflection grating or the Bragg mirror and satisfy the transmission grating Bragg condition. These results are very promising for applications in optical signal processing
Durel, Jocelyn. „Intégration d’un laser hybride DBR III-V/Si en face arrière d’une puce photonique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT026/document.
Recently, Silicon Photonics has emerged as a solution for the mass manufacturing of optical transceivers addressing datacenter’s needs in terms of increasing data-rate and reduced cost. Several Silicon-Photonics platforms have been demonstrated using standard Si technology. While these platforms differ in many regards, they all lack a solution for a monolithically integrated light source. To solve this problem, the most commonly proposed approach consists in bonding an InP-stack onto a Si-wafer in order to fabricate a Hybrid III-V/Si laser. However, none of those demonstrations have been made with a standard CMOS-BEOL, preventing a proper electronic-photonic integration. To solve the topographical problem induced by the additional layers, a new integration scheme, called Back-Side, has been developed and is presented in this document.First, the context of this study, a state of the art as well as the presentation of the Back-Side is discussed. The innovation brought by this integration, namely the bonding of the III-V on the back side of the SOI after the structuring of the latter, is then detailed.The correct behavior of a key element to the photonic chip, the grating coupler, is then treated through simulations, fabrication and optical characterizations. We have proved that, under specific conditions, this device has the same measured performances in Back-Side and in Front-Side.The principle of an optical oscillator and then the various modules composing the hybrid laser are then detailed. The implemented laser is based on a hybrid DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) III-V/Si cavity. In order to increase the mode confinement in the MQWS (Multi Quantum Wells) and hence ensure a high optical gain, the optical mode is gradually transferred between the III-V waveguide and the silicon waveguide of the hybrid laser by adiabatic tapers, patterned on both sides of the gain zone, to finally be reflected by the mirrors DBR in the silicon.Finally, its manufacturing process is explained before its opto-electronic characterizations are presented. The electrically pumped lasers have been tested under continuous-wave current conditions and the generated light has been collected through the grating coupler to a multi-mode fiber. The fiber coupling losses has been measured to be higher than 10 dB. The output power is up to 1.15 mW at an injection current of 200 mA. The lasing threshold is 45 mA which corresponds to a current density of 1.5 kA/cm2 and the series resistance of the laser contacts is approximately 9 . The threshold voltage is 1.45 V.The laser spectra reflect its single-wavelength laser operation, for different injection currents, with a central wavelength corresponding to the Bragg wavelength of the mirrors. A Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) of more than 35 dB has been measured. A 4 nm wavelength shift has been observed when injecting 20 mA into both metallic heaters above DBRs.The monolithic integration of a fully CMOS compatible hybrid DBR laser on the backside of a SOI wafer being demonstrated for the first time, implementing CMOS compatible electric interconnects and optical sources on a same chip has could be achieved. This device opens the route to a fully integrated optical transceiver on a Si platform
Tsyier, Sergei. „Caractérisation des profils d'indice de réseaux de Bragg innovants en module et phase“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0022.
N the last decade new techniques were developed for fabrication of sophisticated Fiber Bragg Gratings (FGBs). This has been motivated by the emergence of many applications such as dispersion compensation for long-haul communication systems, DFB fiber lasers, optical add/drop multiplexers, and optical sensors. Post-fabrication diagnostics should provide relevant information to enhance the FBG fabrication process. It is well known that the FBG spectral properties are related to the index profile Δn. Direct measurement techniques, such as the side diffraction method reported by P. Krug, allow determining the index modulation amplitude along the FBG. Nevertheless, these techniques provide no information about phase fluctuations. An alternative method of indirect characterization, based on the Layer-Peeling (LP) algorithm, consists in Bragg grating profile reconstruction from its complex reflectivity. However, the LP method is unstable when applied to characterize long FBGs (>1mm) due to the error propagation effect. In this thesis we have shown the principle of a novel technique for the direct measurement of amplitude and phase variations of the index modulation along an FBG based on the blue luminescence (BL). Our experimental results are in a good agreement with the according Krug characterization. The proposed method of FBG characterization in amplitude and phase using the UV induced BL can be applied to long gratings (up to tens of centimeters) having complex index modulation profiles. It allows retrieving simultaneously the index profile modulation Δnac(z) and the chirp function, localizing phase shifts, and also detecting the mean index change Δndc(z)
Ayi-Yovo, Folly Eli. „Évaluation d’un module électro-optique hybride combinant la photonique sur silicium et sur verre pour des applications de multiplexage en longueur d’onde (WDM)“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT046/document.
The ever-increasing demand for telecommunications needs has highlighted the intrinsic limitations of electronics. Photonics has proven to be a suitable solution to its limitations. STMicroelectronics has developed a silicon photonic platform called PIC25G that allows single-channel transmission at 25 Gb/s. The data rate increase with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) encounter some constraints. The proposed solution is based on a hybrid approach integrating silicon photonics and glass ions exchanged photonics developed at the IMEP-LaHC laboratory. The solution consists of a glass interposer on which a silicon photonics chip is assembled. First, the studies focused on the components of the silicon chip especially on the optimization of grating couplers and (de)-multiplexers based on cascaded Mach Zehnder interferometers. Then, the optical and electrical passive components of the glass interposer were studied and realized. The feasibility of an optical coupling between the silicon chip and the glass interposer has been demonstrated. Finally, the test structures needed to validate the proposed solution were studied. These test structures allowed to transmit radiofrequency signals up to 40 GHz between the silicon chip and the glass interposer. A new approach to realize the optical waveguides of the interposer has been suggested and carried out in order to address the fabrication issues. Ultimately, this approach will provide an electro-optical module for high-speed applications
Bédard, Keven. „Modulateurs intégrés sur silicium pour la transmission de signaux à modulation d'amplitude multi-niveau“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27019.
In recent years, silicon photonics has developed quickly. Modulators coming from this technology show potentially interesting characteristics for short reach communication systems. In fact, these modulators are expected to reach high transmission speeds, while limiting the fabrication cost and the systems power consumption. At the same time, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is promising for this type of systems. Thus, this work focuses on the development of silicon modulators for the transmission of PAM signals. In the first chapter, the necessary theoretical concepts to silicon modulators designing are presented. Mach-Zehnder modulators and Bragg grating modulators are the main focus of this section. Moreover, the theory surrounding electro-optical effects in silicon, PAM modulation, integrated electrodes and digital signal processing is detailed. In the second chapter, a segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator is presented. The electrodes segmentation enables optical PAM signals generation using binary signaling. This approach eliminates the need for an external digital-to-analog converter by integrating this function in the optical domain, in order to try to lower the communication system cost. This chapter contains a detailed modulator description, optical and electrical characterization results and system tests. Furthermore, the system tests include the application of pre-compensation and post-compensation to the signal by equalizing its frequency response for PAM-4 and PAM-8 modulation formats at different binary rates. A transmission speed of 30 Gb/s is demonstrated in both cases, despite the limited frequency response obtained after the RF circuit packaging was added (8 GHz 3 dB bandwidth). This is the first PAM-8 modulation demonstration using a segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator. Finally, the conclusions from this work have led to a second segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator design currently under test, whose performances are showing great potential. In the third chapter, a dual phase-shift Bragg grating modulator is presented. The use of Bragg gratings for modulation is an approach still largely unexplored. Indeed, the spectral response of these structures can be precisely controlled; an interesting characteristic for modulators. In this work, we propose to add two phase-shifts to a uniform Bragg grating to create a sensitive transmission peak in its reflection band. Thus, the transmission peak amplitude can be changed with the help of a pn junction. Similarly to the second chapter, this chapter includes a detailed modulator description, optical and electrical characterization results and system tests. Additionally, the pn junction characterization using the Bragg grating modulator is explained. Transmission speed up to 60 Gb/s PAM-4 and 55 Gb/s OOK are demonstrated after the compensation of the signal distortions. To our knowledge, this is the fastest Bragg grating modulator demonstrated to the day. urthermore, for the first time, the performances of a Bragg grating modulator are approaching those of the typically faster micro-ring or Mach-Zehnder silicon modulators.
Tsyier, Sergei. „Caractérisation des profils d'indice de réseaux de Bragg innovants en module et phase“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0022/document.
N the last decade new techniques were developed for fabrication of sophisticated Fiber Bragg Gratings (FGBs). This has been motivated by the emergence of many applications such as dispersion compensation for long-haul communication systems, DFB fiber lasers, optical add/drop multiplexers, and optical sensors. Post-fabrication diagnostics should provide relevant information to enhance the FBG fabrication process. It is well known that the FBG spectral properties are related to the index profile Δn. Direct measurement techniques, such as the side diffraction method reported by P. Krug, allow determining the index modulation amplitude along the FBG. Nevertheless, these techniques provide no information about phase fluctuations. An alternative method of indirect characterization, based on the Layer-Peeling (LP) algorithm, consists in Bragg grating profile reconstruction from its complex reflectivity. However, the LP method is unstable when applied to characterize long FBGs (>1mm) due to the error propagation effect. In this thesis we have shown the principle of a novel technique for the direct measurement of amplitude and phase variations of the index modulation along an FBG based on the blue luminescence (BL). Our experimental results are in a good agreement with the according Krug characterization. The proposed method of FBG characterization in amplitude and phase using the UV induced BL can be applied to long gratings (up to tens of centimeters) having complex index modulation profiles. It allows retrieving simultaneously the index profile modulation Δnac(z) and the chirp function, localizing phase shifts, and also detecting the mean index change Δndc(z)
Oser, Dorian. „Integrated silicon photonics for quantum optics“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS455.
Silicon photonics is a dynamic research field of integrated optics. It allows to miniaturize numerous optical functionalities such as lasers, electro-optical modulators, routers, detectors, for telecom wavelengths, LIDAR, sensor, metrology or even spectroscopy, all while been able to propose large scale production high precision technologies. On another side, quantum optics suffers from difficulties to scale optical systems, requires extreme stability, perfect alignment, and many bulky optical elements, while solving these issues follows a natural path in integrated photonics. Development of integrated quantum photonics can thus open the door to cheap, powerful, and scalable systems for quantum cryptography, telecoms, and computation. In a significant way, quantum requirements are not the ones of classical circuits with respect to photonic components and circuits. The generation of quantum states indeed requires more than 100dB of pump laser rejection, while being able to manage ultra-low useful optical signals and get rid of on-chip optical noise. In this context, this thesis is dedicated to the study, dimension, realization, and characterization of silicon photonic components and circuits for quantum optics on a chip. The target goal is to generate entangled states in energy-time and manipulate them on chip. The qualification of the quantum properties is also explored to better understand the limitations of the silicon platform in the followed objectives. Another choice of this work is to stay in telecoms wavelength and aligned with the standard channels (ITU grid), to only use off-the-shelf components, all while been CMOS compatible and compliant with standard fabrication process, this to allow the possibility to produce on large scale
Mejri, Sinda. „Horloge à réseau optique de mercure neutre : Détermination de la longueur d'onde magique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806792.
Duprez, Hélène. „From design to characterization of III-V on silicon lasers for photonic integrated circuits“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC005/document.
This 3 years work covers the design, the process and the characterization of III-V on silicon lasers at 1.31 µm for datacommunication applications. In particular, the design part includes the optimization of the coupling between III V and Si using adiabatic tapers as well as the laser cavity, which is formed within the Si. Three types of lasers were studied, all of them based on cavities which consist of gratings: distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers and finally sampled-grating DBR (SGDBR) lasers. Regarding the DFB lasers, two solutions have been chosen: the grating is either etched on top or on the edges of the Si waveguide to form so called vertically or laterally coupled DFB lasers. The latter type, quite uncommon among hybrid III V on Si technologies, simplifies the process fabrication and broadens the designs possibilities.Not only the lasers demonstrated show high output powers (~20 mW in the waveguides) but also very good spectral purities (with a side mode suppression ratio higher than 50 dB), especially for the DFB ones. The SGDBR devices turn out to be continuously tunable over a wavelength range higher than 27 nm with a good spectral purity as well and an output power higher than 7 mW in the waveguide with great opportunities of improvement
VALENTIN, Jérôme. „Nouvelles approches d'intégration pour les microsystèmes optiques“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010248.
Fernandez, Fernandez Alberto. „Photonics for nuclear environments from radiation effects to applications in sensing and data-communication“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210843.
Gouaichault, Nathalie. „Réseaux transitoires dans les semiconducteurs sous forte excitation photonique“. Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0044.
Hernandez, Stephan. „Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de filtres optiques nanostructurés à bande étroite pour applications spatiales à 0. 85 µm“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/368/.
New concepts in nanophonotonics and progress in microelectronic fabrication processes should lead to a new generation of optical components. The goal of this thesis is to propose such innovative optical filters for space application for 0. 85 µm wavelengths in order to overstep the usual filters limitations, particularly in term of bandwidth, polarization sensibility, oblique incidence and tunability. This PhD project is about conception, fabrication and characterization of resonant grating filters, composed by a dielectric multilayer and a bi-dimensional nanostructuration on the top. From the electromagnetic modeling of the devices, a conception methodology is developed leading to the parameters of the photonic lattice. A fabrication process including steps of thin film deposition, e-beam lithography and dry etching is developed. Thickness of the deposited layers and lattice parameters are controlled within nanometer precision. The optical characterization of the fabricated devices demonstrates state of art performances for normal incidence (bandwidth of 0. 4 nm, reflexion higher than 55%. . . ) and for oblique incidence at ~60° (bandwidth <0. 8 nm, polarization independence, tunability. . . ). These results fit well with the performances predicted by the theoretical studies. The generic aspect of the realization process and the achieved performances show that these components are good candidates to replace conventional multi-layer filters. Moreover, their fabrication processes compatibility with those from microelectronics opens the way to further integration of these filters on chips with other advanced functions, leading to new complex optical devices
Héliot, Anatole. „Matériaux fonctionnels et procédés technologiques pour la réalisation de composants optiques actifs transparents“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30112.
Ces travaux de thèse sont une contribution au projet de réalisation de matrices actives photoniques dans le cadre de la confection de lunettes à réalité augmentée. Un état de l’art des dispositifs actuels nous a permis de montrer l’encombrement engendré par l’utilisation d’un projecteur situé sur la monture. Pour s’en abstenir, l’utilisation du verre de lunette comme source d’image est limitée par la transparence des matrices actives classiques adressant un signal électrique avec des matériaux métalliques. L’utilisation de la photonique pour adresser chacun des pixels avec un signal optique guidée dans des matériaux diélectriques pourrait permettre d’en optimiser la transmission. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux concernent l’étude et la réalisation expérimentale de dispositifs incluant un guide d’onde et un système d’extraction activable. L'objectif est, d'une part, de sélectionner les matériaux et procédés technologiques adaptés pour former des lignes d'adressage photoniques et, d'autre part, d'associer les composants réalisés avec des éléments actifs permettant d’initier ou non l’extraction d’un guide d’onde. Le dispositif doit être transparent dans le visible afin de respecter les contraintes liées au secteur de l'optique ophtalmique. Dans un premier axe de recherche, des réseaux de diffraction micrométriques sont réalisés grâce au développement d’un procédé de photolithographie sur verre avant d’être imprégnés de cristaux liquides via la formation de cellules. La caractérisation, en transmission, des dispositifs formés permet d’étudier la capacité des molécules de cristal liquide à moduler l'intensité de diffraction pour passer d’un état diffractant à un état non diffractant. Une extinction de la diffraction de 90 à 99,9% selon l'épaisseur des structures est finalement mesurée avec l’application d’un champ électrique dans la cellule. La comparaison de ces résultats avec des calculs numériques permet de confirmer l’alignement des molécules à l’intérieur de la structure ainsi que leurs mobilités sous l’effet d’un champ électrique. Ce principe est, dans un second temps, étudié avec des composants photoniques et la réalisation de GMRF (Guided Mode Resonance Filter), association d'un guide d'onde et d'un réseau de diffraction. Des matériaux issus de la chimie sol-gel sont utilisés pour former des guides d'onde planaires et le développement d’un procédé de lithographie par nano-impression nous a permis d’obtenir les structures nanométriques requises. Divers bancs de caractérisation optique sont alors mis en place pour aboutir à plusieurs méthodes de couplage permettant d’obtenir une onde guidée dans le visible. Finalement, nous avons mesuré une modulation de 90% de l’intensité extraite par le GMRF via l’activation des cristaux liquides
Gâté, Valentin. „Ecriture de motifs périodiques submicrométriques sur films TiO2 sol-gel par lithographie interférométrique dynamique sur de grandes surfaces“. Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01073314.
Real, Elgueda Bastián Maximiliano. „Transport and driven-dissipative localization in exciton-polariton lattices“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR025.
The simulation of lattice Hamiltonians in photonic platforms has been enlightening in the understanding of novel transport and localization properties in the context of solid-state physics. In particular, exciton-polaritons provide a versatile system to investigate these properties in lattices with intriguing band structures in the presence of gain and loss, and particle interactions. Polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles arising from the strong coupling between photons and excitons in semiconductor microcavities, whose properties can be directly accessed in photoluminescence experiments. In this thesis, we firstly study the features of strained honeycomb lattices made of coupled polariton resonators having high photonic content. In a critically strained lattice, we evidence both a semi-Dirac transport and an anisotropic localization of photons. Secondly, we show that a judicious driving in lattices of lossy resonators allows the appearance of novel localized modes. Using polariton lattices driven resonantly with several optical beams, we demonstrate the localization of light in at-will geometries down to a single site. Finally, we take advantage of the polarization-dependent polariton interaction to demonstrate an optical Zeeman-like effect in a single micropillar. In combination with optical spin-orbit coupling inherent to semiconductor microstructures, the interaction-induced Zeeman effect results in emission of vortex beams with a well-defined chirality. This thesis brings to light the power of polariton platforms to study lattice Hamiltonians with unprecedented properties and it also provides a first step towards the fully-optical generation of topological phases in lattices
Allouch, Alaa. „Microfluidique diphasique : réseaux de micro-bulles à défauts contrôlés pour la photonique“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634454.
Allouch, Alaa el dine. „Microfluidique diphasique : réseaux de micro-bulles à défauts contrôlés pour la photonique“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1376/.
Microfluidics is a large field that encompasses the study of fluids' behavior at microscales. Progresses in microfabrication technologies have enabled an increasing number of applications in biology, chemistry, and recently in optics. Indeed, microfluidic methods to fabricate photonic crystals are attractive, as compared to standard microfabrication, since they enable low interfaces roughness and self-organized collective fabrication. In this perspective, this thesis suggests the use of two-phase microfluidics to fabricate stable bubble networks, and to integrate easily realistic optical functionalities. First of all, we present the formation of monodisperse hexagonal bubble networks with a tunable pitch (between 5 and 100 µm) controlled by geometry and flow conditions. High-quality crystal organization is revealed by diffraction imaging. A photopolymer, used as carrier liquid, enables obtaining long life crystals. We have developed a glass-glass technology which allows the fabrication of channels adapted to optical applications: transparent, rigid and chemically resistant. To further demonstrate the potentiality of our approach, we have realized bubble crystals which contain controlled defects (lacuna of one, two or line of bubbles), key element in the design of waveguides or resonators. Small bumps are used in order to exclude bubbles from determined zones by a competition between interfacial tension and hydrodynamic forces. We have developed and experimentally confirmed a model which predicts the efficiency of this method. On-chip generated microbubbles are promising for photonics: they intrinsically enable self-organization and surface roughness unbeatably low. Sub-wavelength period are still needed to build photonic crystal-based optical functions. Our approach should enable such scaling down, because bubble formation is not diffraction limited as opposed to photolithography. This work thus opens a novel way to achieve optical functionalities such as waveguide, filter or resonator
Dastmalchi, Mansour. „Photonic processing of microwave signals“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29555/29555.pdf.
Jafari, Omid. „Transmetteurs photoniques sur silicium pour la prochaine génération de réseaux optiques“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69491.
Vatin, Jeremy. „Photonique neuro-inspirée pour des applications télécoms“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CSUP0004.
We are producing everyday thousands of gigabits of data, exchanged over the internet network. These data are processed thanks to computation clusters, which are responsible of the large amount of energy consumed by the internet network. In this work, we study an architecture made of photonic components, to get rid of electronic components that are power consuming. Thanks to components that are currently used in the internet network (laser and optical fiber), we aim at building an artificial neural network that is able to process telecommunication data. The artificial neural network is made of a laser, and an optical fiber that send back the light into the laser. The complex behavior of this system is used to feed the artificial neurons that are distributed along the fiber. We are able to prove that this system is able either to process one signal with a high efficiency, or two signals at the expense of a small loss of accuracy
Salaün, Mathieu. „Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0092.
The objective of this thesis was to examine the possibility of carrying out a growth of three-dimensional periodic structures by chemical vapour decomposition in a 3D interfe-rence field. The direct growth of chromium oxide Or20:3 of 3D periodic organization was proven. This one takes place by photolytic decomposition of chromyle chloride Cr02C[2' Moreover, as such a decomposition was realized on T i02 single-crystal substrate, it was found that the structuring of Cr203 exhibits crystallographical orientational relationships with respect to the substrate. The process starts with an epitaxial growth of Or02 which the crystal structure is isomorphous with that of TiCh rutile; CrCh oxide decomposes par¬tially into C7'203, itself cristallographically orientecl with respect to Cr02' Then a growth of Cr203 phase continues according to the electromagnetic energy clensity modulations of the 3D interference network
Guida, Geraldine. „Contribution à l'étude électromagnétique des réseaux lacunaires et des cristaux photoniques métalliques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30020.
Salaün, Mathieu. „Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612071.
Chauveau, Clément. „Réseaux de résonateurs pour la photonique sur silicium, applications au multiplexage en longueur d'onde“. Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0036.
The development of the micro-electronics industry has given access to very high data transmission rates. Currently, these data rates are limited by the electrical interconnection bandwidth and it will soon be necessary to use optical links to obtain higher data rates. To attain this objective, new building blocks must be developed such as lasers, modulators, photo-detectors, wave-guides and routing devices which must all be fully compatible with the CMOS processing. This doctoral thesis concerns the study and development of new components based on circular resonators arrays, which offer alternative solutions to existing devices in the field of wavelength division multiplexing for silicon photonics. The study of single ring resonators over the entire surface of a wafer shows that the use of thermal regulation is required to compensate for fabrication variations. Results of simulations and experiments show that arrays of circular resonators allow broadband filtering with very low loss. Based on this principle, an 8 channel multiplexer is demonstrated conforming to telecoms specifications. This kind of device is a potential candidate for use in the development of wavelength division multiplexing in silicon photonics
Fehrembach, Anne-Laure. „Réseaux résonnants à Bande Interdite Photonique, nouveaux filtres pour le D. W. D. M“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30028.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (D. W. D. M. ) significantly increases the optical telecommunication transmission rates. To separate the channels, narrow band spectral filters are necessary. Resonant gratings, composed with a grating engraved on a planar waveguide, are a potential solution. These structures support eigenmodes, which can be excited by a wave coming out of an optical fiber. The excitation creates a resonance peak in the reflected beam, for a given wavelength and incidence angle. In general, the peak does not exhibit the qualities required for the D. W. D. M. : at oblique incidence, the angular and spectral tolerances are weak, and the line shapes are polarization dependent. Combining photonic crystals concepts, a rigorous phenomenological theory, and a perturbative theory, we design a filter that meet all the conditions imposed by the D. W. D. M.
Ziebell, Melissa. „Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d’accès“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112181/document.
Silicon photonics is a research field in full expansion that works towards the integration of photonics and microelectronic components in a single chip. The creation of a broadband optical link that is able to carry high-speed information requires the development of efficient building blocks compatible with CMOS technology. The work carried out during my Ph.D. focused specifically on silicon optical modulators for high-speed applications from 10 to 40 Gbit/s. The work presented includes design, optimization, fabrication and characterization of the complete device. The modulator is based on the electro-refractive effect obtained by depletion of carriers in PN and PIPIN diodes to obtain a phase change of the optical mode. Intensity modulation is obtained by integration of the active region in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a ring resonator. Electrical, optical and radio frequency simulations were conducted on the various elements of the modulator to design a device for FTTH (Fiber To The Home) applications operating at 127 µm. Additional studies included the design of RF coplanar waveguide electrodes optimized through the development of an electro-optical model that takes into account the propagation of the electrical and optical waves in the active region. Compatible CMOS processes were proposed, and the necessary masks for fabrication were designed considering fabrication tolerances and critical parameters. Finally, various experimental results were obtained on components designed at IEF and fabricated at CEA-LETI. We can specially mention a Mach Zehnder modulator operating at 40 Gbit/s that uses a PIPIN diode to obtain an index variation, and having an extinction ratio of 7.5 dB and losses of only 6 dB. The goal of future optimizations of silicon modulator is to integrate these devices with the RF driver, and to move towards more complex and efficient modulation formats than the two-level intensity modulation seen so far
Pierre, Thomas. „Mesure de la température à l'échelle microscopique par voie optique dans la gamme ultraviolet-visible“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL096N/document.
The aim of this study is to measure microscale temperature by optical way in the UV-visible range by photons counting using a cooled PMT. From the existing techniques advantages and disadvantages, this first part allows to understand the choices of this study. The second part shows and underlines the interest in working in short wavelengths (diffraction limit, measurement accuracy), in using the multi-spectral method to get rid of unknown parameters (e.g. emissivity) by choosing judicious working wavelengths, as well as the statistic laws to measure the photonic flux knowing its random emission. The third chapter presents the optical bench (optical microscope, photonic flux measurement facility…). A particularly attention is given to the design of the heated elements, which allow to calibrate the facility. The fourth part exposes the temperature results obtained through statistic laws. They validate the well-running of the facility, the microscopic area focusing, and the interest to model correctly the filters. Finally, measurement accuracy improvements (diffraction grating, multi-channel analyzer) and lower temperature measurement techniques (LIF, time-correlated method) are presented in the fifth part
Collin, Stéphane. „Résonances photoniques dans les réseaux métalliques : théorie et application à la photodétection ultrarapide“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142103.
Nous avons mis en oeuvre un calcul original des courbes de dispersion complexes des réseaux métalliques, basé sur une méthode modale et un formalisme de matrice S. Le calcul des structures de bandes photoniques complexes et de la répartition spatiale du champ électromagnétique a permis de décrire précisément les résonances de surface horizontales et verticales, leurs conditions d'excitation ainsi que leurs durées de vie radiatives et non radiatives. Leurs propriétés de confinement et de transmission de la lumière dans des fentes très fines devant la longueur d'onde offrent de nouvelles possibilités en optoélectronique.
Nous proposons en particulier deux structures de type métal-semiconducteur-métal pour la photodétection ultrarapide, dans lesquelles le confinement de l'absorption permet de repousser le compromis habituel entre rendement et vitesse. La première structure est un réseau métal/semiconducteur dans lequel la lumière est absorbée entre les électrodes. La seconde structure permet une absorption efficace dans une fine couche sous le réseau métallique. Ces deux photodétecteurs, dont la distance inter-électrode est d'environ 100 nm, ont été fabriqués sur substrat de GaAs. Le bon accord des mesures de réflectivité et de photocourant avec la théorie a permis de valider cette approche, qui pourra notamment être appliquée aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications.
Les dimensions mises en jeu rendent possibles des fréquences de coupure de plusieurs centaines de GHz, avec un rendement théorique de 75 % indépendamment de la polarisation de la lumière. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à une nouvelle génération de photodétecteurs ultrarapides.
Collin, Stéphane. „Résonnances photoniques dans les réseaux métalliques : théorie et application à la photodétection ultrarapide“. Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142103.
Gralak, Boris. „Etude théorique et numérique des propriétés des structures à bandes interdites photoniques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30032.
This work is centered on the theoretical and numerical study of the photonic crystals properties. We consider, in an increasing order of complexity, the cases of 1D, 2D and 3D structures. We pay a detailed attention on the dispersion relations of the Bloch modes of the crystal. This relation indeed contains a great number of informations, not only in the field in the crystal (on the energy propagation for example), but it also makes it possible to understand and predict how is carried out the coupling, at the borders of a limited crystal, between the interior field and the exterior field. The exploitation of these properties enable us to predict, then to simulate numerically, some situations in which the photonic crystals behave like mediums of optical index lower than that of the vacuum (ultra-refraction), even of negative optical index. It is shown for example that it is possible to design micro-lenses whose dimensions and focal distance are a few tens of wavelengths. We worked out a numerical method partcularly adapted to the woodpile photonic crystals
Pialat, Elodie. „Le Micro-usinage de dispositifs polymères à bande interdite photonique par faisceau d'ions“. Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/221048f5-8cc4-493d-9156-e51b053adce6/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0010.pdf.
. The increase in the data transmission traffic imposes innovations. A solution considered is the Wavelenght Demultiplexing Method (WDM) Devices with photonic band gap lend themselves advantageously to the implementation of this technique, since they do not require any consumption of energy. Their manufacture in polymeric technology is the subject of this study. The first part of this work gives a progress report on the bands structures and on the electronic Valence Band Density Of State (VBDOS) of the organic materials use. The following part is devoted to comprehension of the physical phenomena related to the concept of crystal photonic, according to the models of : Yablonovitch and John. Then the theory of the plane waves expansion is developped and used to compute the photonic band gap structures. The 4th part is about the calculation and the manufacture of a focused ion beam machine, with a minimum beam diameter of 10nm, used to etch polymers. The last part exposes the conditions to etch 2D diffractive lattice in PMMA and CR39 according to the previously calculated dimensions
Antoni, Thomas. „Structures de couplage optique originales pour les détecteurs infrarouge à puits quantiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441495.
Dalstein, Olivier. „Nanoporous thin films structured by top-down & bottom-up approaches : towards smartphone-compatible optical sensors“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066739.
Multi-scale structuration of functional materials at nano- and micro- levels is an active scientific field driven by the tremendous potential of miniaturized devices in microelectronics, optics (light harvesting, photonics), sensing (selective sensors) or microfluidics (lab-on-a-chip). Diverse micro-nanofabrication techniques are exploited for device fabrication. On one hand, Top-Down techniques are developed to fabricate complex micro- and nano- structures from bulk materials; this approach relies on lithography which offers a wide flexibility on the final object architecture but suffers from low-throughput that hinders its use for large-scale production. On the other hand, Bottom-Up techniques based on the assembly of molecular building blocks are suited for the large-scale fabrication of nanostructured materials but are limited to simple architectures. The fruitful combination of both approaches is thus a vast field of investigation with promising technological outcomes.The scope of this thesis is to combine Bottom-Up and Top-Down approaches to obtain hierarchical architectures with original chemical characteristics and optical properties. In practical terms, the deposition by Chemical Liquid Deposition (dip-coating) of nanoporous inorganic or organic-inorganic (hybrid) films structured by self-assembly and the subsequent patterning by either lithographic or evaporation-driven patterning will be presented. The resulting multi-scale structures possess periodic micro- or submicro- organization and engineered nanopores (<100 nm) and are used as optical sensing devices for the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). In the pursuit of simplicity, the compatibility of these sensors with Smartphone technology is emphasized; the final goal is to fabricate low-cost sensors with pronounced chemical selectivity that produce an optical signal directly readable by Smartphone cameras
Beninca, de farias Giovanni. „Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061786.
Beninca, de Farias Giovanni. „Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT083/document.
In the context of Passive Optical Networks (PON), operators are looking for innovative solutions to increase aggregated data-rate, split-ratio and reach. Another requirement is that transceivers should be as low-cost as possible. The optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique can improve performance of the transmission in terms of data-rate and reach as compared to classical single-carrier On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation. At the same time, the silicon photonics technology can lower the cost per unit of the transceiver, due to its mass production and E/O integration capabilities. Optical OFDM has already shown its potential using commercially available optical components. However, its use with silicon photonics Directly-Modulated Lasers (DML) and modulators is more challenging. The objective of this work is to study the performance of OFDM -based solutions for future PON, using silicon photonics transmitters. For that purpose, a dedicated simulation platform is developed. The OFDM modem is implemented, as well as models of silicon photonic devices built during this thesis. These models are validated by characterizing physical components available for test. In parallel, an experimental test-bed is developed. The silicon photonics transmitters are benchmarked with commercial-available transmitters for OFDM-based optical systems. For Intensity-Modulated/Directly-Detected (IM/DD) links, the use of optical OFDM with adaptive bit and power loading is proposed to maximize spectral efficiency. Two types of silicon photonics transmitters are considered: directly modulated III/V-on-silicon lasers (experiment) and external optical modulators such as Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) (simulation) and ring-resonator (simulation and experiment). Experimental results show that the hybrid DML can provide more than 10Gbps aggregated data-rate over at least 50km, which is a requirement for future uplink PON (from the subscriber to the central office). For the silicon ring modulator, because of the high coupling loss in and out of the photonic chip, reach was limited to 20km for a data-rate higher than 10Gbps. These are the first experimental demonstrations of OFDM modulation with hybrid III/V-on-silicon lasers and silicon ring-resonator modulator. Besides, simulation results show that reach can be indeed improved up to 100km if the optical signal is amplified or the coupling loss reduced. A modulation technique called Single-Side Band (SSB)-OFDM is known to improve the [bandwidth x reach] product of the link, as compared to IM/DD (Dual-Side Band (DSB)) systems. However, it requires expensive transmitters with several discrete optical components. As silicon photonics technology allows a very high level of integration between different optical components and between electrical and optical devices, a silicon optical IQ modulator enabling ac{SSB}-ac{OFDM} technique is investigated. Simulation results of a study-case reveal that a relatively low optical budget penalty (up to 3dB) of the silicon photonics transmitters as compared to the LiNbO3 modulator is achieved. The solutions presented in this thesis are demonstrated to be compliant with future PON in terms of data-rate, with relatively low bandwidth (<6.25GHz) electronics. This is a great asset for the considered application. The driving voltages required for typical IM/DD systems showed to be closer to what CMOS driving circuitry can provide (about 2Vpp). Recent developments on high-speed digital signal processors and D/A-A/D converters, using CMOS technologies, make optical-OFDM an attractive solution for future PONs as full-Silicon-transmitters could be used
Beaudin, Guillaume. „Nouvelles technologies de fabrication associées aux composants photoniques hybrides“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1480.
Sarrazin, Michaël. „Etude de propriétés optiques liées à la transmission de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels“. Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2012.
Ziebell, Melissa. „Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d'accès“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873582.
Bruckner, Jean-Baptiste. „Réseaux de diffraction et métamatériaux photoniques pour le contrôle de la lumière dans le visible et l’infrarouge“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4319.
Thanks to recent advances in nanofabrication, the realization of photonic structures was possible, allowing the control of light as an information vector or for energy harvesting. This PhD thesis adresses the studies carried out in collaboration with Thales Optronics on two demonstrators for the ANR NPOEM research project, whose objective is to fabricate photonic structures on flexible substrates by nanoimprint technology. The first demonstrator consists of an antireflective coating using resonance phenomena within biperiodic diffraction gratings. Conical structures with flat, rough or patterned tops were modeled by FDTD and RCWA, carried out in collaboration with the CEA Liten LTM and then characterized at the IM2NP institute. The antireflective performances obtained are remarkable (reflection coefficient lower than 2 % at normal incidence) and extend over a wide spectral range from the visible to the infrared region. The second demonstrator presents a low-pass type filtering function at optical and infrared frequencies. A study of several resonant structures such as metamaterials (metallic crosses, metal-dielectric-metal stack, metallic cones and perforated plates) showed singular propagation phenomena related to small dimensions (modes, surface waves and proximity coupling) and led to the completion of a large surface, flexible filter demonstrating the desired properties. The photonic components made during this thesis have applications in the stealth and thermal solar domains
Maktoobi, Sheler. „Couplage diffractif pour réseaux de neurones optiques“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD019.
Photonic networks with high performance can be considered as substrates for future computing systems. In comparison with electronics, photonic systems have substantial privileges, for instance the possibility of a fully parallel implementation of networks. Recently, neural networks have moved into the center of attention of the photonic community. One of the most important requirements for parallel large-scale photonic networks is to realize the connectivities. Diffraction is considered as a method to process the connections between the nodes (coupling) in optical neural networks. In the current thesis, we evaluate the scalability of a diffractive coupling in more details as follow:First, we begin with a general introductions for artificial intelligence, machine learning, artificial neural network and photonic neural networks. To establish a working neural network, learning rules are an essential part to optimize a configuration for obtaining a low error from the system, hence learning rules are introduced (Chapter 1). We investigate the fundamental concepts of diffractive coupling in our spatio-temporal reservoir. In that case, theory of diffraction is explained. We use an analytical scheme to provide the limits for the size of diffractive networks which is a part of our photonic neural network (Chapter 2). The concepts of diffractive coupling are investigated experimentally by two different experiments to confirm the analytical limits and to obtain maximum number of nodes which can be coupled in the photonic network (Chapter 3). Numerical simulations for such an experimental setup is modeled in two different schemes to obtain the maximum size of network numerically, which approaches a surface of 100 mm2 (Chapter 4). Finally, the complete photonic neural network is demonstrated. We design a spatially extended reservoir for 900 nodes. Consequently, our system generalizes the prediction for the chaotic Mackey–Glass sequence (Chapter 5)
Dahdah, Jean. „Etude théorique et expérimentale de cavités photoniques en niobate de lithium : appliquation à la détection de gaz“. Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2045.
In this thesis we show photonic crystal cavities can be exploited for sensing application, provided that theyare filled with a sensitive absorbent layer. A Lorentz dispersion model implementedin a 2D-FDTD code shoxw that the abbsorption of the layer can be exploited for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor. We found that a variation of the refractive index of 10-7 leads to a variation of the transmittivity of 23% at the resonnance peak. Also, we will report the first study and realization of two types of tithium niobate photonic cavities (LiNbO3 PhCs). The choice of the LiNbO3 substrate is motived by its capability of combiningpiezoelectric, electro-optical, acousto-optical, non-linear optical properties, which offers the perspective of controlling the operating point of of photonic devices such as sensors. The cavities wre fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, on annealed proton exchange (APE) sttrip waveguide. Numerical analysis with plane wave expansion method (PWE) has been realized to define the lattice parameters of the studied structures. This study was followed by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations to extractthe transmission and reflexion spectra of the cavities. Experimental setup was mounted to characterize the PhCs cavities, wherethe incident light consists of a supercontiuum powerful white source. In addition, experimental near field measurements (SNOM) show the presence of resonnance mode at the defect region of the cavity
Favreau, Julien. „Étude et développement d'une plateforme photonique moyen infrarouge sur silicium : vers des capteurs intégrés“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS263/document.
Nowadays, microelectronic chips and sensors are not simply electronic circuits anymore. They are able to convey both electric and optical signal. As shown by the so-called photonic chips used to transmit data at high speed rate. However, this technology only exploits a very small part of the light spectrum, namely in the near infrared. Exploitation of the whole mid-infrared domain (λ=2-20 µm) would allow to develop new integrated sensors using molecules specific spectral fingerprints in this part of the electromagnetic spectrum.This thesis deals with the development of integrated optical circuits on silicon capable of handling these wavelengths and compatible with 200 mm clean room fabrication processes. The technology developed in this work, is based on Si₀,₆Ge₀,₄ channel square waveguides in order to obtain compact and low loss optical circuits. First of all, the design of optical functions required to build circuits is presented. Then, these functions are assembled into circuits which are manufactured and characterized in order to assess performances of the developed technology. Two circuits have been produced: one with standard processes and one with damascene processes. The first one has the advantage of using known processes, whereas the second one allows to make waveguides for different wavelengths on a single chip. These two circuits have been characterized in order to conduct a comparative study between the two fabrication processes. Finally, in order to mature the technology, an in-depth study on grating coupler for Si₀,₆Ge₀,₄ waveguides have been conducted. It has led to the manufacturing and characterization of two grating couplers : one made of air inclusions and another locally suspended
Beugin, Vincent. „Étude de la photosensibilité dans les guides planaires et les fibres à cristal photonique“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Beugin.pdf.
Ferrand, Patrick. „Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003341.
Ferrand, Patrick. „Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10104.
Chevriaux, Dominique. „Supratransmission et bistabilité nonlinéaire dans les milieux à bandes interdites photoniques et électroniques“. Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20039.
Boisbouvier, Nicolas. „Application des matériaux à Bande Interdite Photonique (BIP) pour la conception d'antennes et dispositifs associés destinés aux réseaux domestiques sans fils“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10164.