Zeitschriftenartikel: „Requirements-control-support“

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Verhanneman, Tine, Frank Piessens, Bart De Win und Wouter Joosen. „Requirements traceability to support evolution of access control“. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083212.

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Dimov, Atanas, und Sigrid Bolik. „Wind turbine manufacturers observation regarding reactive power support and control requirements“. IET Renewable Power Generation 11, Nr. 4 (06.02.2017): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0605.

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Аббасова, Т. С., und А. В. Шмелев. „Development of requirements for support for dispatch control planning systems in complex and uncertain conditions“. Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik, Nr. 3(25) (17.09.2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2020-25-3-88-97.

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Проанализированы задачи систем планирования диспетчерского управления в сложных и неопределенных условиях, показано, что для поддержки аппаратного и программного обеспечение таких систем необходимо использовать средства современных облачных технологий. На основе анализа характеристик облачных технологий разработаны требования к структуре аппаратно-программных средств для проектирования/модернизации систем поддержки принятия решений для диспетчерского управления в сложных и неопределенных производственных условиях. Предложены оценки эффективности программно-аппаратных средств поддержки, которые выражаются в оценке эффективного трафика данных, зависящего о пропускной способности аппаратных средств поддержки. The tasks of dispatch control planning systems in difficult and uncertain conditions are analyzed, it is shown that to support the hardware and software of such systems, it is necessary to use modern cloud technologies. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of cloud technologies, requirements have been developed for the structure of hardware and software for the design / modernization of decision support systems for dispatch control in complex and uncertain production conditions. Estimates of the effectiveness of software and hardware support are proposed, which are expressed in the evaluation of effective data traffic, which depends on the bandwidth of the hardware support.

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Alekseev, A. E., und M. V. Krisjanis. „Initial Technological Requirements for Position Control System of Edging Machine Support from Linear Induction Motor“. Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. Lesnoi Zhurnal (Forestry journal), Nr. 6 (10.12.2018): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.6.149.

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Cinque, M., F. Fucci, G. De Tommasi, P. C. de Vries, I. Gomez, B. Sammuli, J. Snipes et al. „Requirements management support for the ITER Plasma Control System in view of first plasma operations“. Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.088.

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Cheng, Xiao Fei, Jun Dong Guo, Shu Long Liu und Xian Ping Cui. „Research of Hydraulic Support Control System Based on Controller Area Network“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.191.

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According to the characteristics of hydraulic support intelligent control, the hydraulic support control system is designed and analyzed based on Controller Area Network (CAN) technology. Through the characteristics of CAN-bus network communication, the host computer communication and monitoring requirements is researched, and the mission of function is established. The data transmission program is designed under MSComm ActiveX which accomplishes stable communication function. Based on hydraulic test bench, the reliability of data transmission is verified which provides some guidance for the development of the intelligent control.

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Dawes, T. B., und N. J. Boughton. „Improved production planning and control via low-cost prototype solutions“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, Nr. 4 (01.04.2002): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520184.

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This paper describes prototype management information systems used to support the transformation of a job-orientated manufacturer into a preferred supplier to the Aerospace Industry. As a jobbing manufacturer the company excelled at reactive management, responding rapidly to short lead-time demands. This approach, however, was inappropriate for the increasingly competitive production of steady state orders (‘runners’) and spare parts orders (‘repeaters’). As a result, the company experienced falling delivery performances and increasing work-in-progress, inventory levels and overtime requirements. Furthermore, there was only a modest understanding of customer requirements due to the poor visibility of the order book. There was also little awareness of internal and supplier capabilities, and the planning and control systems were non-existent, relying heavily on senior management expertise. The company, however, was reluctant to invest in new management information systems, aware of the risk of expensive systems unsuited to the company requirements. Instead, prototype solutions were developed using low-cost and readily available software, which provided the stability and visibility that the company required and formed the basis of a more long-term understanding of planning and control requirements. This paper describes the iterative prototype developments to support the new company infrastructure and quantifies the benefits that were achieved through their introduction.

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Tokadlı, Güliz, und Michael C. Dorneich. „Development of Design Requirements for a Cognitive Assistant in Space Missions Beyond Low Earth Orbit“. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12, Nr. 2 (12.10.2017): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343417733159.

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This study describes the development of requirements for a cognitive assistant (CA) for use onboard a space vehicle/station. For missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), delayed communication will limit mission control’s ability to support the space crew in real time. During off-nominal situations, where no procedures have been developed prior to missions, crews must develop responses in real time and may increasingly rely on automation. A systematic approach was used to model the domain knowledge of the collaborative decision-making process of current space operations, extrapolate to missions beyond LEO, and develop the design requirements for a CA. Document analysis and interviews were conducted to create an abstraction hierarchy and a decision-action diagram of the cognitive functions currently performed by space crew, mission control, and onboard automation. These domain models were extrapolated to missions beyond LEO by identifying the breakpoints where current decision-making processes would break down due to increased communication delay between mission control and the space crew. Design requirements were identified for future CA systems that offer real-time decision-making support to mitigate the negative effect of limited support in off-nominal situations. The approach developed for this research can be generalized to identify the design requirements for future support systems in domains beyond space operations.

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Cross, Cynthia, John F. Lewis und George Tuan. „A Comparison of the Apollo and Early Orion Environmental Control, Life Support and Active Thermal Control System's Driving Requirements and System Mass“. SAE International Journal of Aerospace 1, Nr. 1 (29.06.2008): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2081.

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Vokáč, Roman, und Sarah Van den Bergh. „The need for concept of efficiency evaluation of security control at airports“. MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 6, Nr. 4 (15.10.2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/10.14311/mad.2018.04.07.

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<p>There are many demands placed on centralized security checkpoints of passenger and cabin luggage. Among the most important rank requirements for high passenger satisfaction, assurance of high security check effectiveness and operational efficiency. These three base requirements, however, do not support each other and in some ways they even conflict. Other aspects influencing operational security control are ever increasing volumes of handled passengers and the efforts to reduce flight ticket prices. Operational efficiency evaluation and targeted control are supported by the possibility to assure specific basic requirements. These include assuring required amount of security control staff, on the right place and at the right time. In sequence, a concept of security control efficiency evaluation is needed for operational, tactical and strategic planning.</p>

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Vokáč, Roman, und Sarah Van den Bergh. „The need for concept of efficiency evaluation of security control at airports“. MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 6, Nr. 4 (15.10.2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2018.04.07.

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<p>There are many demands placed on centralized security checkpoints of passenger and cabin luggage. Among the most important rank requirements for high passenger satisfaction, assurance of high security check effectiveness and operational efficiency. These three base requirements, however, do not support each other and in some ways they even conflict. Other aspects influencing operational security control are ever increasing volumes of handled passengers and the efforts to reduce flight ticket prices. Operational efficiency evaluation and targeted control are supported by the possibility to assure specific basic requirements. These include assuring required amount of security control staff, on the right place and at the right time. In sequence, a concept of security control efficiency evaluation is needed for operational, tactical and strategic planning.</p>

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Maurer, Jürgen, Katharine M. Harris, Carla L. Black und Gary L. Euler. „Support for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Requirements among US Healthcare Personnel“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, Nr. 3 (März 2012): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664056.

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Objective.To measure support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements among US healthcare personnel (HCP) and its associations with attitudes regarding influenza and influenza vaccination and self-reported coverage by existing vaccination requirements.Design.Between lune 1 and June 30, 2010, we surveyed a sample of US HCP (n = 1,664) recruited using an existing probability-based online research panel of participants representing the US general population as a sampling frame.Setting.General community.Participants.Eligible HCP who (1) reported having worked as medical doctors, health technologists, healthcare support staff, or other health practitioners or who (2) reported having worked in hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, long-term care facilities, or other health-related settings.Methods.We analyzed support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements for HCP using proportion estimation and multivariable probit models.Results.A total of 57.4% (95% confidence interval, 53.3%–61.5%) of US HCP agreed that HCP should be required to be vaccinated for seasonal influenza. Support for mandatory vaccination was statistically significantly higher among HCP who were subject to employer-based influenza vaccination requirements, who considered influenza to be a serious disease, and who agreed that influenza vaccine was safe and effective.Conclusions.A majority of HCP support influenza vaccination requirements. Moreover, providing HCP with information about the safety of influenza vaccination and communicating that immunization of HCP is a patient safety issue may be important for generating staff support for influenza vaccination requirements.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):213-221

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Wang, Mingjiu, und Shu Fan. „Cross-Layer QoS Scheme Based on Priority Differentiation in Multihop Wireless Networks“. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4892038.

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To support different QoS requirements of diverse types of services, a cross-layer QoS scheme providing different QoS guarantees is designed. This scheme sets values of service priorities according to services’ data arrival rates and required end-to-end delay to endow different services with diverse scheduling priorities. To support QoS requirements better and maintain fairness, this scheme introduces delay and throughput weight coefficients. The methods of calculating the coefficients are also proposed. Through decomposing the optimization problem that uses weighted network utility as its optimization objective using Lyapunov optimization technique, this scheme can simultaneously support different QoS requirements of various services. The throughput utility optimality of the scheme is also proved. To reduce the computational complexity of the scheme, a distributed media access control scheme is proposed. A power control algorithm for this cross-layer scheme is also designed, and this algorithm transforms the power control into the solution of a multivariate equation. The simulation results evaluated with Matlab show that, compared with the existing works, the algorithm presented in this paper can simultaneously satisfy the delay demands of different services with maintaining high throughput.

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Zhang, Xin, Meng Zang, Lian Min Cao und Ning Ding. „Design of the Test Rig for Whole Hydraulic Support“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (Oktober 2011): 1987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1987.

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By the analysis of the development tendency and test standards requirements of high-level hydraulic support, this paper primarily determines the chief technical parameters and overall structure of the test rig for whole hydraulic support, and its 3-D model is built and assembly check is conducted by using SolidWorks. Then, the hydraulic control system and data acquisition system of the test rig are designed. In the end, the 3-D model of the test rig is imported into COSMOSWorks to accomplish the finite element analysis. According to analysis result, the strength of the test rig can meet the requirements, which ensures the design quality of the test rig for whole hydraulic support.

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Wei, Guo, und Li Ji. „Bracket Electro-Hydraulic Control System Based on PLC Hydraulic Research“. Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (Oktober 2014): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1042.

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Adopt a PLC controller as the core and combined hydraulic supports CAN bus technology to build electro-hydraulic control system, the composition and working principle of hydraulic support electro-hydraulic control system will be described; according to the control system control requirements to achieve a single frame single action moving, single rack sequential linkage, group exercise, shearer position detection and the overall program design, while the stent control system software and hardware design. Verification shows that the system is able to achieve its basic functions. Reference to automate the development of the growing coal mine hydraulic support electro-hydraulic control system.

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Marchgraber, Jürgen, und Wolfgang Gawlik. „Dynamic Voltage Support of Converters during Grid Faults in Accordance with National Grid Code Requirements“. Energies 13, Nr. 10 (14.05.2020): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102484.

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To ensure system stability, national grid codes often require converter-based generators to provide fault-ride-through (FRT) capabilities and dynamic voltage support, according to which they should stay connected and support the voltage during fault situations. The requirements for dynamic voltage support include the injection of reactive current in the positive- as well as negative-sequence system, directly proportional to the change of the corresponding voltage between fault and pre-fault. Since this requirement may lead to a reference current surpassing the maximum current capability, the converter control has to contain a proper current limitation. This paper presents an algorithm for such a current limitation and a simulation model of a converter and its control, which applies this algorithm. Based on voltage measurements, which were measured during forced short-circuits in the real grid, the simulation model is used to simulate the behavior of a converter in reaction to these voltage measurements. The results show that the converter control using this algorithm for current limitation guarantees a current output below the maximum current capability while respecting the requirements for dynamic voltage support of the relevant grid codes.

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Skorin-Kapov, Lea, und Maja Matijasevic. „Analysis of QoS Requirements for e-Health Services and Mapping to Evolved Packet System QoS Classes“. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2010 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/628086.

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E-Health services comprise a broad range of healthcare services delivered by using information and communication technology. In order to support existing as well as emerging e-Health services over converged next generation network (NGN) architectures, there is a need for network QoS control mechanisms that meet the often stringent requirements of such services. In this paper, we evaluate the QoS support for e-Health services in the context of the Evolved Packet System (EPS), specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a multi-access all-IP NGN. We classify heterogeneous e-Health services based on context and network QoS requirements and propose a mapping to existing 3GPP QoS Class Identifiers (QCIs) that serve as a basis for the class-based QoS concept of the EPS. The proposed mapping aims to provide network operators with guidelines for meeting heterogeneous e-Health service requirements. As an example, we present the QoS requirements for a prototype e-Health service supporting tele-consultation between a patient and a doctor and illustrate the use of the proposed mapping to QCIs in standardized QoS control procedures.

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de Souza, Victor Ramon França Bezerra, Luciano Sales Barros und Flavio Bezerra Costa. „Modular Multilevel Converter for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Support in AC Networks“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (27.08.2021): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175314.

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New grid-connected systems have imposed additional requirements regarding reliability, power quality, high levels of power processing capacity, and fault support, where power converters have a crucial role in fulfilling these requirements. Overcoming one of these challenges, this paper proposes a new alternative application to improve the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support based on the arm impedance employment of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) by attenuating the fault impacts, avoiding overcurrents and overvoltages. This proposal does not require additional hardware or control loops for LVRT support, only using PI controllers. This paper evaluates symmetrical and asymmetrical grid fault impacts on the converter DC side of four converter topologies: two-level voltage source converter topology (2L-VSC), neutral point clamped (NPC), MMC, and 2L-VSC equipped with a DC-chopper, employing the same control structure for the four topologies, highlighting that the MMC contributed better to LVRT improvement under severe grid conditions.

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Sun, Ming Yang, Wei Jin Zhuang und Yong Gang Zhang. „Design of Technical Support System for Dispatching and Control Integration in Adaptation to Integrated Operation System“. Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (Dezember 2012): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.937.

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This paper analyzes the necessity of constructing integrated operation system as well as the current situation and development goal of substation operation management, it proposes the design of technical support system for dispatching and control integration that adapts to integrated operation system, it demonstrates the support system’s structure, basic technical requirements and key technologies and introduces practical applications of integrated dispatching and control system, providing a reference for the construction of integrated operation system.

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Mykyjchuk, Mykola, Taras Hut und Nadiya Lazarenko. „METROLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES“. Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, Nr. 2 (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.02.010.

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The article analyzes and proposes solutions for metrological support of weight information systems of road vehicles in motion, including the method of classification of WIM systems by purpose and accuracy classes, metrological requirements for them and control methods for testing and verification, as well as the main metrological risks for Weigh-in-motion systems for road vehicles and requirements for determining and calculating reliability.

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Zanabria, Claudia, Filip Andrén und Thomas Strasser. „An Adaptable Engineering Support Framework for Multi-Functional Energy Storage System Applications“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 11 (12.11.2018): 4164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114164.

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A significant integration of energy storage systems is taking place to offer flexibility to electrical networks and to mitigate side effects of a high penetration of distributed energy resources. To accommodate this, new processes are needed for the design, implementation, and proof-of-concept of emerging storage systems services, such as voltage and frequency regulation, and reduction of energy costs, among others. Nowadays, modern approaches are getting popular to support engineers during the design and development process of such multi-functional energy storage systems. Nevertheless, these approaches still lack flexibility needed to accommodate changing practices and requirements from control engineers and along the development process. With that in mind, this paper shows how a modern development approach for rapid prototyping of multi-functional battery energy storage system applications can be extended to provide this needed flexibility. For this, an expert user is introduced, which has the sole purpose of adapting the existing engineering approach to fulfill any new requirements from the control engineers. To achieve this, the expert user combines concepts from model-driven engineering and ontologies to reach an adaptable engineering support framework. As a result, new engineering requirements, such as new information sources and target platforms, can be automatically included into the engineering approach by the expert user, providing the control engineer with further support during the development process. The usefulness of the proposed solution is shown with a selected use case related to the implementation of an application for a battery energy storage system. It demonstrates how the expert user can fully adapt an existing engineering approach to the control engineer’s needs and thus increase the effectiveness of the whole engineering process.

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Miller, Matthew James, Kerry M. McGuire und Karen M. Feigh. „Decision Support System Requirements Definition for Human Extravehicular Activity Based on Cognitive Work Analysis“. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 11, Nr. 2 (17.10.2016): 136–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343416672112.

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The design and adoption of decision support systems within complex work domains is a challenge for cognitive systems engineering (CSE) practitioners, particularly at the onset of project development. This article presents an example of applying CSE techniques to derive design requirements compatible with traditional systems engineering to guide decision support system development. Specifically, it demonstrates the requirements derivation process based on cognitive work analysis for a subset of human spaceflight operations known as extravehicular activity. The results are presented in two phases. First, a work domain analysis revealed a comprehensive set of work functions and constraints that exist in the extravehicular activity work domain. Second, a control task analysis was performed on a subset of the work functions identified by the work domain analysis to articulate the translation of subject matter states of knowledge to high-level decision support system requirements. This work emphasizes an incremental requirements specification process as a critical component of CSE analyses to better situate CSE perspectives within the early phases of traditional systems engineering design.

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Li, Jin Hai, und Da Wei Wang. „Application of Measuring Capability Index in the Export of the Measurement Requirement“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (Februar 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.101.

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Measurement process is a specific process to support product quality, and export measurement requirements is the beginning of the measurement process control, it is important to achieve the goals of product quality and manage risk of incorrect measurement results. Measurement requirements, including the requirements for the measurement process and the requirements for measuring equipment, measuring requirements, measuring staff, measurement method, ambient conditions and the measured object as a system, use Measurement Capability Index, quantitatively export measurement requirements of measurement processes and measuring equipment to ensure that measurement processes and measuring equipment satisfy the intended use, make the process of measurement requirement derived more scientific and more standard.

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Knapp, Beverly G., Annette R. Ensing, Bruce G. Coury und Scott L. Godfrey. „Information Categorization for BMD Command and Control“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, Nr. 17 (Oktober 1994): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801709.

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Information requirements were investigated for operators in two BMD C2 (Ballistic Missile Defense Command and Control) Centers—command level and operations level. The objective was to elicit their underlying perceptions and cognitive structure of incoming data items, to address information display and decision support design requirements. Experts judged information items using an unconstrained sorting task, and data were analyzed using multivariate scaling methods. Findings revealed differences between the two groups in clustering of and associations between information items; e.g., more complex associations were found for the command level center. Also, the utility of the scaling algorithms for the large data sets used was assessed.

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Sinha, S. P., und P. Nayyar. „Crowding Effects of Density and Personal Space Requirements Among Older People: The Impact of Self-Control and Social Support“. Journal of Social Psychology 140, Nr. 6 (01.12.2000): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600512.

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Çelik, Doğan, und Mehmet Emin Meral. „Voltage support control strategy of grid-connected inverter system under unbalanced grid faults to meet fault ride through requirements“. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, Nr. 16 (21.08.2020): 3198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1206.

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Díaz, Matías, und Roberto Cárdenas-Dobson. „Dual current control strategy to fulfill LVRT requirements in WECS“. COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, Nr. 5 (26.08.2014): 1665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2013-0305.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a control strategy to fulfill low-voltage ride through (LVRT) requirements in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Design/methodology/approach – This paper considers an active front-end converter of a grid connected WECS working under grid fault conditions. Two strategies based on symmetrical components are studied and proposed: the first one considers control only for positive sequence control (PSC); the second one considered a dual controller for positive and negative sequence controller (PNSC). The performance of each strategy is studied on LVRT requirements fulfillment. Findings – This paper shows presents a control strategy based on symmetrical component to keep the operation of grid-connected WECS under unsymmetrical grid fault conditions. Research limitations/implications – This work is being applied to a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. The lab prototype emulates a grid connected WECS. Originality/value – This paper validate the PNSC strategy to LVRT requirements fulfillment by experimental results obtained for a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. PNSC strategy allows constant active power delivery through grid-voltage dips. In addition, the proposed strategy is able to grid-voltage support by injection of reactive power. Additional features are incorporated to PNSC: sequence separation method using delay signal cancellation and grid frequency identification using phase locked loop.

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Hamid, Brahim, Yulin (Huaxi) Zhang, Jacob Geisel und David Gonzalez. „First Experiment on Modeling Safety LifeCycle Process in Railway Systems“. International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems 2, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdtis.2011040102.

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The conception and design of Resource Constrained Embedded Systems (RCES) is an inherently complex endeavor. Non-functional requirements from security and dependability are exacerbate this complexity. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a promising approach for the design of trusted systems, as it bridges the gap between design issues and implementation concerns. The purpose of process models is to document and communicate processes, as well as reuse them. Thus, processes can be better taught and executed. However, most useful metamodels are activity-oriented, and the required concepts of safety lifecycle, such as validation, cannot be easily modeled. In this paper, the authors propose a safety-oriented process metamodel that extends exiting framework to support all safety control requirements. A new safety lifecycle development processes technique has been built to ease its use in a building process of system/ software applications with safety support. As a proof of concept, the feasibility of the approach has been evaluated with an example. The example is an engineering process for building industry control systems with safety requirements for software and hardware resources. A prototype implementation of the approach is provided and applied to the example of industry control systems in the railway domain.

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Churubrova, S. M. „Information security policy in the systems of information and analytical maintenance for support of organizational decisions“. PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2016): 097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2016.04.097.

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This article describes an information security policy in systems of support of organizational decisions. It defines the basic requirements for the protection of information objects, information resources and features of functioning Intellectual information technology support organizational decisions are described. The general rules and regulations separation and control access based on ABAC model are developed.

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Saini, H., und A. K. Garg. „Burst Assembly Framework for High Speed Optical Network“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.27 (15.08.2018): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.27.17983.

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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is promising technique to support requirements of high speed optical networks. OBS network ingress node assembles packets into bursts. Burst assembly criteria have to be optimally chosen based on network requirements. In this paper, burst assembly framework is presented which can support optimal time/size value selection during burst formation. It is observed that, network with high timeout supports high Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput for a range of burst size. For lower burst timeout values, throughput performance degrades only for small size bursts and further reduction in timeout threshold degrades throughput for range of burst size.

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Robertson, BD, NM Hiebert, KN Seergobin, AM Owen und PA MacDonald. „Dorsal striatum mediates cognitive control, not cognitive effort per se, in decision-making: an event-related fMRI study“. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (Mai 2015): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.94.

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Background: Whether the dorsal striatum (DS) mediates cognitive control or cognitive effort per se in decision-making is unclear because as cognitive control requirements of a task intensify, cognitive effort requirements increase proportionately. We implemented a task that disentangled cognitive control and cognitive effort to specify the function DS mediates in decision-making. Methods: Sixteen healthy young adults completed a number Stroop task with simultaneous blood-oxygenation-level-dependent response (BOLD) measurement. Participants selected the physically larger number of a pair. Discriminating smaller physical size differences increases cognitive effort, but does not demand greater cognitive control. We also investigated the effect of interdimensional conflict between physical size and numerical magnitude. Selections in this incongruent case are more cognitively effortful and require greater cognitive control to suppress responding to the irrelevant dimension. Enhancing cognitive effort or cognitive control requirements increases response times and error rates. Results: Behavioural interference occurred for both conditions; however, DS BOLD signal only correlated with interference due to increased cognitive control requirements. DS was not preferentially activated for discriminations of smaller relative to larger physical size differences between number pairs, even when using liberal statistical criteria. Conclusions: Our findings support the increasingly accepted notion that DS mediates cognitive control specifically and does not index cognitive effort per se.

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KASHTANOV, Serhii F., Yury O. POLUKAROV, Oleksiy I. POLUKAROV, Liudmyla O. MITIUK und Nataliia F. KACHYNSKA. „Specifics of modern security requirements for software of electronic machine control systems“. INCAS BULLETIN 13, S (03.08.2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.s.9.

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The required level of safety of machines and mechanisms is achieved through the use of appropriate safety management systems for industrial equipment, including programmable electronic ones. Such systems usually include a variety of security devices for managing industrial equipment settings. Since electronic control systems are currently considered the most promising control systems in this area, the study of the security parameters of their application support determines the relevance of this study. This study analyses the main requirements of IEC 61508 and IEC 62061 standards for compliance with modern safety requirements of embedded and applied software for electronic control systems of machines and mechanisms. This study proposes an algorithm for step-by-step implementation of software for electronic machine control systems in accordance with basic security standards for both built-in and application software. Testing has been determined as the main method of verification of application software. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the specification of security requirements, both built-in and application software, should highlight the necessary characteristics of each subsystem, providing information that allows choosing the equipment that meets existing security requirements. Relevant recommendations are given on the specifics of practical application of these standards.

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Pankok, Carl, und Ellen J. Bass. „Information Content Requirements for Remote Pilot Handover of Control of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the National Airspace“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, Nr. 1 (September 2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621018.

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The objective of the work is to develop recommendations to support the development of information content requirements for integrating unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS). The focus of the work relates to handover of control where positive control of the aircraft is transferred from one crew to another. We reviewed the human factors literature and handover corollaries that exist in the current NAS. We developed a structured approach to identifying information requirements that included consideration of technological context, and then addressed task analysis, human-automation function allocation, and information availability. UAS pilot subject matter expert feedback was leveraged throughout the process. We provide recommendations for the technological and automation capabilities required for safe handover of control in the NAS, and associated information requirements. We discuss how our method provides a structured basis for making design decisions for complex, safety-critical systems.

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Lockhart, John M., Michael H. Strub, John K. Hawley und Lourdes A. Tapia. „Automation and Supervisory Control: A Perspective on Human Performance, Training, and Performance Aiding“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, Nr. 18 (Oktober 1993): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701802.

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This paper is based on results from an on-going effort sponsored by the US Army Research Institute (ARI) concerned with human performance and training issues in automated, near-real-time air defense command and control systems. Air defense command and control is the specific applications context, but the paper's implications extend to many contemporary process control settings. Topics that are addressed in the paper include: (1) human performance problems associated with automation, (2) a new look at human performance requirements in near-real-time process control, (3) and training and job performance support requirements for supervisory controllers. The “new look” portion describes a reasonable and evolving concept for human participation in automated processing, designated Rule-Based Supervisory Control. The paper is intended to introduce these topics to concept developers, system designers, and trainers dealing with automated process control technology.

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Soloviev, S. V. „PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTING ALGORITHMIC SUPPORT FOR AN INTELLECTUALIZED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SPACE FLIGHT CONTROL“. Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2020-22-6-72-77.

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The article examines the issue of forming the principles of constructing algorithmic support for an intellectualized control system during space flight control. The features of the application of "classical" stochastic models for spacecraft (SC) are briefly analyzed. It is proposed to compensate for these shortcomings by introducing an intellectualized control system. On the basis of modern approaches, it is proposed to use digital intelligent models of spacecraft functioning on the basis of technological knowledge, which is telemetric information. An approach based on the development and integration of methods combining intelligent identification of individual components of a spacecraft using various analysis algorithms for imitating the functioning of the spacecraft as a whole is presented. The basic requirements for intelligent control systems and the tasks to be solved are formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of the space flight control process. The principle of the control technique using a digital twin created on the basis of real data of the spacecraft functioning is enlarged.

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Sexsmith, Wendy. „Policy and Regulations for Registration of Microbial Organisms in Canada“. Phytoprotection 79, Nr. 4 (12.04.2005): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706147ar.

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In Canada, microbial pest control products and agents are regulated under the Pest Control Products Act, administered by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) for the Minister of Health. A microbial includes bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, viruses, mycoplasmae or rickettsiae and related organisms. Microbial pest control products and agents can include those derived through genetic engineering. When the PMRA was established in 1995, specific directions were given by government to facilitate access to alternatives to traditional chemical products; to support environmental sustainability; and to pursue international cooperation to accelerate registration. Currently in Canada, there are 8 active ingredients and 34 products registered. In 1998, there were 19 research permits and notifications for active ingredients, an increase from 1997. Data requirements are set out in guidelines (Pro98-01 Regulatory Proposal: Guidelines for the registration of microbial pest control agents and products), rather than in regulation. General categories for data requirements for Tier 1 ( the set of information which is typically sufficient to allow regulators to determine that a product presents an acceptably low level of risk) include information or data on characterization, health toxicity, environmental toxicity, and efficacy. Pre-submission consultations between registrants and PMRA are encouraged. The main objectives of these consultations are to determine the appropriate study protocols and the subset of data requirements from the guidelines that may be required for the registration of a particular proposed product as well as the type of information required to support data waivers. Key issues, questions and challenges regarding registration 1. Characterization of the microbial active ingredient is seen as critical and fundamental to the determination of the other data requirements both in environment and in health. The key components are: • identification of the microorganism • relationship to mammalian or other pathogens • toxin producing potential • manufacturing process, including potential for contaminants • physical/technical properties, including storage stability. 2. Building on good information on characterization, for environmental risk assessment, information on host/target range, geographical distribution of host/target, and the geographical distribution of the microbial are key questions. 4. With respect to publicly-funded research groups, there is a need for links with commercial partners at an appropriate stage in order to love their products into the regulatory System and onto the marketplace. PMRA is working to support the registration and use of microbial products through developing data requirements appropriate to microbiais, working with growers and other stakeholders to support the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that include the use of microbials, harmonizing data requirements with both the US and other OECD countries, and ensuring the development of regulations and policies to encourage registration of these products.

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Rydahl, P., N. P. Jensen, M. Dyrmann, P. H. Nielsen und R. N. Jørgensen. „RoboWeedSupport - Presentation of a cloud based system bridging the gap between in-field weed inspections and decision support systems“. Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001054.

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In order to exploit potentials of 20–40% reduction of herbicide use, as documented by use of Decision Support Systems (DSS), where requirements for manual field inspection constitute a major obstacle, large numbers of digital pictures of weed infestations have been collected and analysed manually by crop advisors. Results were transferred to: 1) DSS, which determined needs for control and connected, optimized options for control returned options for control and 2) convolutional, neural networks, which in this way were trained to enable automatic analysis of future pictures, which support both field- and site-specific integrated weed management.

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Lyapin, M. N., I. Yu Sukhonosov, I. N. Ezhov, A. V. Toporkov, V. P. Toporkov, M. V. Chesnokova, S. A. Kosilko und O. D. Zakhlebnaya. „Epidemiological Situation Control at Biohazardous Facility“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 3(109) (20.06.2011): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2011-3(109)-18-22.

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The analysis of current regulatory requirements and applicable guidelines, as well as scientific papers, confirmed the existence of the subsystem of the control over epidemiological situation at the potentially hazardous biological facility. This subsystem is an element of the facility biosafety support system. Developed is the set of models which contain schemes of epidemiological situation management in case a sick facility officer is detected whose disease is suspected to be caused by the microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups.

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Karlen, Sarah J., Eric B. Miller und Marie E. Burns. „Microglia Activation and Inflammation During the Death of Mammalian Photoreceptors“. Annual Review of Vision Science 6, Nr. 1 (15.09.2020): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081730.

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Photoreceptors are highly specialized sensory neurons with unique metabolic and physiological requirements. These requirements are partially met by Müller glia and cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which provide essential metabolites, phagocytose waste, and control the composition of the surrounding microenvironment. A third vital supporting cell type, the retinal microglia, can provide photoreceptors with neurotrophic support or exacerbate neuroinflammation and hasten neuronal cell death. Understanding the physiological requirements for photoreceptor homeostasis and the factors that drive microglia to best promote photoreceptor survival has important implications for the treatment and prevention of blinding degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.

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Якимов, Анатолий, Anatoliy Yakimov, Константин Захарченков und Konstantin Zakharchenkov. „Computer software for the evaluation of economic management of industrial enterprise on the basis of the simulation model.“ Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2014, Nr. 1 (31.03.2014): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23387.

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The information assessments are developed to determine requirements to software-based simulation model. Software tools are designed to support decision-making control in the economic systems of enterprises. The software tools are focused on operation of simulation models by the makers managerial decisions.

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Strothmann, Tom. „Enabling Requirements for High Volume Thermo compression Bonding“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (01.01.2015): 000995–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp54.

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The potential of Thermo compression Bonding (TCB) has been widely discussed for several years, but it has not previously achieved widespread production use. TCB has now begun the transition to an accepted high volume manufacturing technology driven primarily by the memory market, but with wider adoption close for non-memory applications. Several key factors have enabled this transition, including advanced TCB equipment with higher UPH for cost reduction and advanced methods of inline process control. The unique requirements of TCB demand absolute process control, simultaneous data logging capability for multiple key factors in the process and portability of the process between tools. This introduces a level of sophistication that has not previously been required for BE assembly processes. This presentation will review state of the art TCB technology and the fundamental equipment requirements to support the transition to HVM.

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Pop, Florin. „Optimization of Resource Control for Transitions in Complex Systems“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/625861.

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In complex systems like Large-Scale Distributed Systems (LSDSs) the optimization of resource control is an open issue. The large number of resources and multicriteria optimization requirements make the optimization problem a complex one. The importance of resource control increases with the need of use for industrial process and manufacturing, being a key solution for QoS assuring. This paper presents different solutions for multiobjective decentralized control models for tasks assignment in LSDS. The transaction in real-time complex system is modeled in simulation by tasks which will be scheduled and executed in a distributed system, so a set of specifications and requirements are known. The paper presents a critical analysis of existing solutions and focuses on a genetic-based algorithm for optimization. The contribution of the algorithm is the fitness function that includes multiobjective criteria for optimization in different way. Several experimental scenarios, modeled using simulation, were considered to offer a support for analysis of near-optimal solution for resource selection.

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Piatakov, Anatolii I., Iurii I. Beresnev, Aleksandr I. Moiseev und Vladimir V. Kalnikov. „LOGISTIC SUPPORT FOR OPERATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED TOOLS OF THE SPECIFIC-APPLICATION CONTROL SYSTEMS“. Автоматизация Процессов Управления 62, Nr. 4 (2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35752/1991-2927-2020-4-62-15-22.

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Complicating functions of computer-aided tools of specific application control systems prioritize the task of keeping a highdegree alert performed by the operations services in the presence of component failures. Besides its primary function, the operations service provides the logistic support, maintenance and repair, storage, etc. Thus, it includes all the functions of the logistic support system. The article deals with such problems of the logistic support as planning, preparing and delivery of spare parts used to repair and recover systems. The authors analyzed customer’s requirements, which ensure stable operation of the specific application computer-aided systems. They discovered that one of activities intended to meet the customer’s requirements is preparing spare parts, which provide the operational onsite repair. Currently there are no governing documents specifying the procedure of spare parts preparation. The article proposes an approach to preparing optimal quantity of spare parts based on failure statistics over the past period and forecasting the number of possible failures over the planned period of time. The authors propose the widely-known method of exponential smoothing as a forecast model, which allows giving an unbiased estimate both for stationary time series, and for polynomial ones. Keywords: logistic support, operation of computer-aided tools, spare parts, preparation of optimal quantity of spares, forecasting of line time series, exponential smoothing.

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COLOMBO, ENZO, CHIARA FRANCALANCI und BARBARA PERNICI. „MODELING COOPERATION IN VIRTUAL DISTRICTS: A METHODOLOGY FOR E-SERVICE DESIGN“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 13, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2004): 369–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843004001048.

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E-services can be used to wrap an organization's information system and to provide a standard interface that enables cooperation with other information systems. As a consequence, e-services should not only support operating activities, but also embed mechanisms for inter-organizational coordination and control over operating activities. Inter-organizational coordination and control are based on contractual agreements that coordinate processes across cooperating companies and establish mechanisms to control the fulfillment of production goals. The objective of this paper is to describe a methodological approach for the design of e-services that supports the specification of inter-organizational coordination and control requirements. The paper explains how the methodology is structured in three phases, from requirements specification to conceptual design and implementation. The first phase of the methodology supports the specification of cooperation requirements, which constitute the static description of coordination and control requirements. In the second methodological phase, this static description is completed with a dynamic description of the actions to be taken upon exceptions, which occur when cooperating partners do not comply with cooperation goals. The static and dynamic description of coordination and control represent a conceptual specification of a business transaction. In the final methodological phase, this conceptual specification is implemented based on the WSDL and BPEL4WS languages for e-service design. The methodology is tested on the case study of the Italian production district of Matera.

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Liu, D. D., C. R. Tang und C. Zhao. „The Electro-Hydraulic Control Directional Valve Based on Magneto-Rheological Fluid“. Key Engineering Materials 567 (Juli 2013): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.567.139.

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The electro-hydraulic control directional valve based on magneto-rheological fluid using in hydraulic support is proposed. The magneto-rheological fluid represents favorable flow liquid state without external magnetic field, but it can represent mechanics quality of similarity solid in strong magnetic field. The magneto-rheological fluid may become solid within milliseconds under the action of an external magnetic field, which can realize intelligent control of hydraulic system and overcome shortcoming of traditional hydraulic valve. The electro-hydraulic control directional valve uses magneto-rheological fluid as controlling fluid, and adjusts pressure difference of action main control valve between left end and right end though changing excitation coil current of magneto-rheological valve. The electro-hydraulic control directional valve based on magneto-rheological fluid can satisfy the self-feeding hydraulic support using requirements and has low manufacturing cost. The installation and using of the electro-hydraulic control valve is more convenient and fast. It reduces the point of failure of the hydraulic supports piping system and makes hydraulic support more secure and reliable.

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Wu, Renbo, Hong Luo, Rui Qi, Ming Gao und Chao Liang. „Study on the Development Direction of Power Grid Dispatching Technical Support System“. MATEC Web of Conferences 260 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926001004.

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In order to ensure the safe, stable operation of Guangzhou power grid to meet the large city power grid requirements, reached the international advanced level, to realize the transformation of Guangzhou electric power dispatching control center strategy and control mode, it requires the construction of a new generation of intelligent dispatching technical support system. This paper analyzes the current situation and development of Guangzhou power grid. Based on the rapid development of smart grid technology and information technology, this paper puts forward the development direction of power grid dispatching technology support system. It also puts forward the construction work of reasonable planning, makes clear about construction content and technical support system to meet the overall business needs “integration of regulation and control, the integration of main distribution network, market-oriented support”. And we make theoretical exploration and practice and accumulated experience for the new generation of power dispatching intelligent technical support system development.

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Gazda, Lawrence S., Horatiu V. Vinerean, Melissa A. Laramore, Richard D. Hall, Joseph W. Carraway und Barry H. Smith. „Pravastatin Improves Glucose Regulation and Biocompatibility of Agarose Encapsulated Porcine Islets following Transplantation into Pancreatectomized Dogs“. Journal of Diabetes Research 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/405362.

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The encapsulation of porcine islets is an attractive methodology for the treatment of Type I diabetes. In the current study, the use of pravastatin as a mild anti-inflammatory agent was investigated in pancreatectomized diabetic canines transplanted with porcine islets encapsulated in agarose-agarose macrobeads and given 80 mg/day of pravastatin (n=3) while control animals did not receive pravastatin (n=3). Control animals reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 18, 19, and 32. Pravastatin-treated animals reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 22, 27, and 50. Two animals from each group received a second macrobead implant: control animals remained insulin-free for 15 and 21 days (AUC = 3003 and 5078 mg/dL/24 hr days 1 to 15) and reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 62 and 131. Pravastatin treated animals remained insulin-free for 21 and 34 days (AUC = 1559 and 1903 mg/dL/24 hr days 1 to 15) and reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 38 and 192. Total incidence (83.3% versus 64.3%) and total severity (22.7 versus 18.3) of inflammation on tissue surfaces were higher in the control group at necropsy. These findings support pravastatin therapy in conjunction with the transplantation of encapsulated xenogeneic islets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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Xu, Yin Li, Shu Cheng Li, Nian Liu und Dan Chen. „Research on Pressure Control Method of some Wind Tunnel Spraying Water Supply System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.420.

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By analyzing pressure control process of some wind tunnel spraying water supply system, a simplified method is presented, which can avoid interference between different pressure control circuits. Regulating valve is the key control equipment, and its regulating formula is given after detailed calculations and analysis. The simulation of pressure control for spraying water supply system is researched based on AMESim, which provides the theoretical support for experiment. In the end,experimental results show that the control method is effective, and water pressure precision can meet the technical requirements.

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Icke, O., D. M. van Es, M. F. de Koning, J. J. G. Wuister, J. Ng, K. M. Phua, Y. K. K. Koh, W. J. Chan und G. Tao. „Performance improvement of wastewater treatment processes by application of machine learning“. Water Science and Technology 82, Nr. 12 (12.08.2020): 2671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.382.

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Abstract Improving wastewater treatment processes is becoming increasingly important, due to more stringent effluent quality requirements, the need to reduce energy consumption and chemical dosing. This can be achieved by applying artificial intelligence. Machine learning is implemented in two domains: (1) predictive control and (2) advanced analytics. This is currently being piloted at the integrated validation plant of PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency. (1) Primarily, predictive control is applied for optimised nutrient removal. This is obtained by application of a self-learning feedforward algorithm, which uses load prediction and machine learning, fine–tuned with feedback on ammonium effluent. Operational results with predictive control show that the load prediction has an accuracy of ≈88%. It is also shown that an up to ≈15% reduction of aeration amount is achieved compared to conventional control. It is proven that this load prediction-based control leads to stable operation and meeting effluent quality requirements as an autopilot system. (2) Additionally, advanced analytics are being developed for operational support. This is obtained by application of quantile regression neural network modelling for anomaly detection. Preliminary results illustrate the ability to autodetect process and instrument anomalies. These can be used as early warnings to deliver data-driven operational support to process operators.

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Kasy, Maximilian. „IDENTIFICATION IN TRIANGULAR SYSTEMS USING CONTROL FUNCTIONS“. Econometric Theory 27, Nr. 3 (24.09.2010): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466610000460.

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This note discusses identification in nonparametric, continuous triangular systems. It provides conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for the existence of control functions satisfying conditional independence and support requirements. Confirming a commonly noticed pattern, these conditions restrict the admissible dimensionality of unobserved heterogeneity in the first-stage structural relation, or more generally the dimensionality of the family of conditional distributions of second-stage heterogeneity given explanatory variables and instruments. These conditions imply that no such control function exists without assumptions that seem hard to justify in most applications. In particular, none exists in the context of a generic random coefficient model.

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