Bücher: „Required power“

1

US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Extend the Time Required for the Construction of a Hydroelectric Project. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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2

Gerend, Jason. Effective executive's guide to Outlook 2002: The seven core skills required to turn Outlook into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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3

Effective executive's guide to Word 2002: The seven core skills required to turn Word into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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4

Maguiness, David. Effective executive's guide to Excel 2002: The seven core skills required to turn Excel into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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5

Connally, Carolyn M. Effective executive's guide to Office XP: The seven core skills required to turn Office into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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6

Maguiness, David. Effective executive's guide to Excel 2002: The seven core skills required to turn Excel into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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7

Coleman, Pat. Effective executive's guide to the Internet: The seven core skills required to turn the Internet into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2000.

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8

Coleman, Pat. Effective executive's guide to Windows 2000: The seven core skills required to turn Windows 2000 Professional into a business power tool. Redmond, WA: Redmond Technology Press, 2000.

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9

Commission, Virginia State Corporation. Staff's report to the State Corporation Commission in preparation for the Commission's report to the Governor and the General Assembly: As required by the third enactment clause of SB 1416, enacted as chapter 933 of the 2007 Acts of the General Assembly. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2007.

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10

FEDERATION, INTERNATIONAL METALWORKERS. The purchasing power of working time -an international comparison: International comparison average of net hourly earnings in 1987 based on working time required for the purchase of various consumer. Geneva: International Metalworkers Federation, 1988.

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11

FEDERATION, INTERNATIONAL METALWORKERS. The purchasing power of working time -an international comparison: International comparison average of net hourly earnings in 1993-1995 based on working time required for the purchase of various cons. Geneva: International Metalworkers Federation, 1996.

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12

Ivens, Stephen H. Demands for reading literacy require new accountability methods. Brewster, NY (Fields Lane, P.O. Box 382, Brewster 10509): Touchstone Applied Science Associates, 1991.

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13

Emison, Patricia. Moving Pictures and Renaissance Art History. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724036.

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Film, like the printed imagery inaugurated during the Renaissance, spread ideas – not least the idea of the power of visual art – across not only geographical and political divides but also strata of class and gender. Moving Pictures and Renaissance Art History examines the early flourishing of film, from the 1920s to the mid-1960s, as partly reprising the introduction of mass media in the Renaissance, allowing for innovation that reflected an art free of the control of a patron though required to attract a broad public. Rivalry between word and image, between the demands of narrative and those of visual composition, spurred new ways of addressing the compelling nature of the visual. The twentieth century also saw the development of the discipline of art history; transfusions between cinematic practice and art historical postulates are part of the story told here.

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14

Baudrillard, Jean. Power inferno: Requiem pour les twin towers, hypothèses sur le terrorisme, la violence du mondial. Paris: Galilée, 2002.

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15

M, Grau Judith, Griffin Karen, Strand Robert L und California Energy Commission. Engineering Office., Hrsg. Emergency conservation and supply response 2001: As required by Public Resources Code, Section 25705. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2001.

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16

Steigmann, David J. Mechanical power and hyperelasticity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198567783.003.0003.

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This chapter covers the notion of hyperelasticity—the concept that stress is derived from a strain—energy function–by invoking an analogy between elastic materials and springs. Alternatively, it can be derived by invoking a work inequality; the notion that work is required to effect a cyclic motion of the material.

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17

Faulkenbury, Evan. Poll Power. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.001.0001.

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The civil rights movement required money. In the early 1960s, after years of grassroots organizing, civil rights activists convinced non-profit foundations to donate in support of voter education and registration efforts. One result was the Voter Education Project (VEP), which, starting in 1962, showed far-reaching results almost immediately and organized the groundwork that eventually led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In African American communities across the South, the VEP catalyzed existing campaigns; it paid for fuel, booked rallies, bought food for volunteers, and paid people to canvass neighborhoods. Despite this progress, powerful conservatives in Congress weaponized the federal tax code to undercut the important work of the VEP. Though local power had long existed in the hundreds of southern towns and cities that saw organized civil rights action, the VEP was vital to converting that power into political motion. Evan Faulkenbury offers a much-needed explanation of how philanthropic foundations, outside funding, and tax policy shaped the southern black freedom movement.

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18

1947-, Martin James Lenial, und American Society of Civil Engineers. Environmental Effects Committee, Hrsg. Energy production and reservoir water quality: A guide to the regulatory, technical, and theoretical basis for required studies. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007.

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19

Horne, Gerald. Patterson and Black Power. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037924.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the contradictory trends that buffeted black America in the 1960s. On the one hand, the edifice of Jim Crow had begun to crumble, a reality that received legislative sanction in 1964 and, notably, 1965, with the passage of the Voting Rights Act. On the other hand, this victory was attained while the most sophisticated, cosmopolitan, and battle-ready fighters—W.E.B. Du Bois, Shirley Graham, Claudia Jones, Paul Robeson, Ben Davis, and William Patterson—were under attack, with courage required to associate with them. Among these were the spectacular rise of the group that came to be called the Nation of Islam, which had been founded decades earlier but only gained traction in the 1960s when the “other” radical alternative—represented by Patterson—was battered and bludgeoned.

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20

Walker, Vanessa. Principles in Power. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713682.001.0001.

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This book explores the relationship between policy makers and nongovernment advocates in Latin America and the U.S. government in order to explain the rise of anti-interventionist human rights policies uniquely critical of U.S. power during the Cold War. The book shows that the new human rights policies of the 1970s were based on a complex dynamic of domestic and foreign considerations that was rife with tensions between the seats of power in the United States and Latin America, and the growing activist movement that sought to reform them. By addressing the development of U.S. diplomacy and politics alongside that of activist networks, especially in Chile and Argentina, the book shows that Latin America was central to the policy assumptions that shaped the Carter administration's foreign policy agenda. The coup that ousted the socialist president of Chile, Salvador Allende, sparked new human rights advocacy as a direct result of U.S. policies that supported authoritarian regimes in the name of Cold War security interests. From 1973 onward, the attention of Washington and capitals around the globe turned to Latin America as the testing ground for the viability of a new paradigm for U.S. power. This approach, oriented around human rights, required collaboration among activists and state officials in diverse places. The book tells the complicated story of the potentials and limits of partnership between government and nongovernment actors. Analyzing how different groups deployed human rights language to reform domestic and international power, it explores the multiple and often conflicting purposes of U.S. human rights policy.

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21

Coleman, Pat, und Stephen L. Nelson. Effective Executive's Guide to the Internet: The Seven Core Skills Required to Turn the Internet into a Business Power Tool. Redmond Technology Press, 2001.

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22

Godsey, William D. The Sinews of Habsburg Power. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809395.001.0001.

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This book explores the domestic foundations of the immense growth of central European Habsburg power from the rise of a permanent standing army after the Thirty Years War to the end of the Napoleonic wars. With a force that grew in size from around 25,000 soldiers to half a million in the War of the Sixth Coalition, the Habsburg monarchy participated in shifting international constellations of rivalry and in some two dozen armed conflicts. Raising forces of such magnitude constituted a central task of Habsburg government, one that required the cooperation of society and its elites. The monarchy’s composite-territorial structures in the guise of the Lower Austrian Estates—a leading representative body and privileged corps—formed a vital, if changing, element underlying Habsburg international success and resilience. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy below the river Enns (the historic designation of Lower Austria) was geographically, politically, and financially a key Habsburg possession. Fiscal-military exigency induced the Estates to take part in new and evolving arrangements of power that served the purposes of government; in turn the Estates were able in previously little-understood ways to preserve vital interests in a changing world. The Estates survived because they were necessary, not only thanks to their increasing financial potency but because they offered a politically viable way of exacting ever-larger quantities of money and other resources from local society. These circumstances persisted as ruling became more regularized and formalized, and as the very understanding of the Estates as a social and political phenomenon evolved.

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23

Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Renewables—Solar and Wind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0007.

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Solar and wind power have low power densities. Large areas will be required to generate the electrical energy that we are using right now. These energy sources are intermittent, although sunshine is reasonably predictable in desert climates. Even in these ideal locations, fixed rooftop PV can only be used to meet a relatively small proportion of total electrical demand. Solar thermal with molten salt storage has a higher efficiency, and can better match electrical demands in these places. For wind turbines to generate their advertised or rated power, winds have to be blowing at about 12 m/sec (20 kt or 24 mph). In the United States, except in mountain passes and the Texas panhandle, this does not appear to happen very often. A simple test of whether a given renewable energy source is practical is to check whether it can meet the electrical demands of a single house.

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24

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research., Hrsg. Draft regulatory guide DG-3014: (proposed revision to Regulatory guide [3.66]) : standard format and content of financial assurance mechanisms required for decommissioning under 10 CFR parts 30, 40, 70, and 72 : for comment. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, 1999.

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25

Stern, Philip J. Power, Petitions, and the ‘Povo’ in Early English Bombay. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477791.003.0008.

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This chapter examines the role petitioning and civil society played in early English attempts to establish political authority at Bombay. The so-called ‘transfer’ of Portuguese authority, first to the English Crown and subsequently to the English East India Company, was hardly immediate, and required varied efforts by English officials to establish power and legitimacy over the places, populace, and littoral they claimed to govern. Drawing on European and Mughal traditions, individuals and groups used petitions as a means to negotiate their own place in this new regime, while in turn the act of hearing, granting, and adjudicating petitions helped to slowly establish English authority over Bombay. Thus, what seems superficially to be a supremely local act—petitioning—reveals the fuzzy boundaries among ‘internal’ and ‘external’ sources of sovereignty, regional and geo-politics, and state authority, civil society, and the ‘public’ in the early modern colonial world.

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26

Corrales, Javier. Ecuador. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868895.003.0007.

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This chapter looks at Ecuador (1998–2008) to introduce yet another variation in power asymmetry: situations in which the Opposition splits. This split allows the Incumbent to form an alliance with former Opposition groups, thus permitting more expansion of presidential powers relative to the status quo. One of this book’s messages is that Incumbents require a large pro-Incumbent asymmetry to achieve their preferences. This chapter complicates this argument, showing how splits among non-Incumbent forces help the president achieve these goals—at a cost. In Ecuador, non-Incumbent forces split between traditional, region-based parties and newly mobilized nontraditional actors. One nontraditional actor—an indigenous group—also split, with one section supporting the president and the other becoming anti-Incumbent. The availability of so many nontraditional actors to form alliances with the Incumbent led to a remarkable pro-Incumbent table asymmetry. This alliance, however, required the Incumbent to offer concessions to nontraditional actors.

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27

Carroll, John. Parsing. Herausgegeben von Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0012.

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This article introduces the concepts and techniques for natural language (NL) parsing, which signifies, using a grammar to assign a syntactic analysis to a string of words, a lattice of word hypotheses output by a speech recognizer or similar. The level of detail required depends on the language processing task being performed and the particular approach to the task that is being pursued. This article further describes approaches that produce ‘shallow’ analyses. It also outlines approaches to parsing that analyse the input in terms of labelled dependencies between words. Producing hierarchical phrase structure requires grammars that have at least context-free (CF) power. CF algorithms that are widely used in parsing of NL are described in this article. To support detailed semantic interpretation more powerful grammar formalisms are required, but these are usually parsed using extensions of CF parsing algorithms. Furthermore, this article describes unification-based parsing. Finally, it discusses three important issues that have to be tackled in real-world applications of parsing: evaluation of parser accuracy, parser efficiency, and measurement of grammar/parser coverage.

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28

Rez, Peter. Agriculture—Things That Are Grown. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0014.

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Timber has the lowest embodied energy of any of the construction materials. Paper production from trees requires much more energy. There is some energy saving in recycling, as recycled paper substitutes for pulp derived from wood chips. Growing crops for food also requires energy. The energy required for plants to grow comes from the sun, but there are additional energy inputs from fertiliser and farm machinery to speed up the growth process and vastly improve crop yields. If grains are used as animal feed, then the energy inputs are much larger than the dietary energy output—the larger the animal and the longer it is fattened up before slaughter, the more inefficient the process. The use of crops to make fuel for electrical power generation or for processing into liquid fuels is horribly inefficient. The problem is simple—the plants do not grow fast enough!

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29

Budget issues: Compliance report required by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 : report to the President and the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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30

Budget issues: Compliance report required by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 : report to the President and the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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31

Martich, Daniel, und Jody Cervenak. Integration of information technology in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0007.

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As we look to the evolving health care industry with improved care quality, health outcomes, and cost parameters, the demands of the critical care environment require a transformation. Technology, process, and people are at the centre of this transformation. The power is in the knowledge that can be achieved and the process improvements that can be made through automation. Five major areas of technology evolution include workflow automation, information exchange, clinical decision support, and predictive modelling, remote monitoring, and data analytics. If designed properly, technology can result in doing things differently (better) and doing different things. Information exchange is required for quality and efficient critical care information delivery. Data analytics will use information for comparative effectiveness, registry reporting, population management, and research study recruiting.

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International Conference on Gears 2017. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948.

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Talking about the design of modern high-performance power train applications, one of the essential components to focus on are the gears. Gears convert torque and speed in a very wide power range, at low cost and with minimal losses and noise emission. However, the demands regarding cost, power density, NVH-behavior and efficiency are steadily increasing. Demands, which can only be met using modern gearing technologies that allow combining individual materials, heat treatment and manufacturing processes. Particularly in the industrial sector, the requirements for the reliability and service life of the gear units have increased. Therefore, more and more accurate calculation methods are required for the load bearing capacity, life expectancy and failure probability as well as better test methods. This aspect is also becoming more important with regard to Industry 4.0 and Predictive Maintenance. In addition, the potentials of innovative production methods like powder metal sintering, plas...

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33

Craig, Forcese. Part II Institutions and Constitutional Change, A The Crown and the Executive, Ch.7 The Executive, the Royal Prerogative, and the Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0007.

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The royal prerogative is the residue of power once exercised by the Crown. In modern Canadian law, some historic prerogative powers have been codified as part of Canada’s written constitutional law. Others persist in a form governed by constitutional conventions. Most others have been displaced by legislation, through the exercise of parliamentary supremacy. Exactly what is required before this displacement by statute arises is, however, an area of considerable uncertainty in Canadian law. What is clear is that the royal prerogative remains a source of executive authority in several special subject areas, especially defence and foreign relations. Some exercises of the remaining prerogatives constitute matters of high policy, whereas others may affect the interests and rights of individuals. Where exercises of the prerogative do affect interests and rights, the prerogative has been treated no differently than any other exercise of executive power. Specifically, it has been subject to judicial review.

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34

Mostert, Hanri, und Heleen van Niekerk. Disadvantage, Fairness, and Power Crises in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0004.

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Realizing energy justice in Africa requires targeting the difficulties that the continent faces. Energy justice is a concept emanating from three philosophical notions, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and recognition justice. The practical challenges of achieving energy justice are illustrated well in the coal and oil industries of Africa, a continent plagued by the resource curse. Moreover, despite being energy-poor, African countries often export their mined fossil fuels, providing other parts of the world with the energy necessary to live productive and dignified lives. These considerations, in conjunction with Africa’s history of colonialism and the concomitant denial of people’s rights require distinct approaches to distributive, procedural, and recognition justice in extractive industries. This chapter outlines these approaches and explores uniquely African responses to some of the injustices that prevail in Africa’s extractive industries.

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35

Scott, David. The Indian Ocean as India’s Ocean. Herausgegeben von David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan und Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.34.

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This chapter discusses India’s role in the Indian Ocean and the role that the Indian Ocean plays in Indian foreign policy. In effect this represents a ‘look south’ policy for developing India’s sea power in its extended neighbourhood. Six sections look in turn at India’s official frameworks, geopolitics and geoeconomics, location and oceanic holdings, blue-water naval projective capabilities, diplomatic position in the Indian Ocean, and relations with extra-regional powers. The chapter concludes by looking beyond the present into the near future where India will probably maintain and extend its regional pre-eminence, but will face the challenge of maintaining required financial outlays. It also concludes by looking at the implication for India and the Indian Ocean of ‘Indo-Pacific’ strategic formulations.

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36

Fidell, Eugene R. 5. Command influence, lawful and unlawful. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199303496.003.0006.

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The military is a hierarchical and pervasively regulated society in which individuals can exert tremendous influence over subordinates. Military codes in the United States and elsewhere vest tremendous discretionary power in commanders. “Command influence” occurs whenever a superior influences the action of some participant in the military justice process and may be lawful or unlawful. The US Congress has put in place a variety of protections against unlawful commander influence, but the issue remains. ‘Command influence, lawful and unlawful’ suggests that even with structural changes that reduce the power of commanders, there will inevitably be room for overreaching, and vigilance will continue to be required to keep it in check.

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Dominic N, Dagbanja. The Investment Treaty Regime and Development Policy Space in Ghana. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780190612054.016.0015.

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This chapter explores the relationship between Ghana's standards of investment protection by treaty and its development policy-making and implementation obligations under the constitution of the Republic of Ghana 1992 and general international law. It advances four theses. First, the state has the constitutional and general international law duty to make and implement development policies for the realization of the legal right to development in Ghana. Second, the power to make treaties, which derives from the constitution and general international law, requires the conclusion of treaties that promote development. Third, existing standards of investment protection by treaty are incompatible with the constitutional and general international law duty to make and implement development policies to the extent that they impose damages on the state for doing that which is required by the constitution and general international law. The fourth thesis is that Ghana's investment treaties were aimed at establishing standards of investment protection to attract foreign investment for development and not merely to protect foreign investment as an end.

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Meyer, Elizabeth A. Evidence and Argument. Herausgegeben von Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando und Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.21.

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The human qualities, types of arguments, and the varieties of evidence that brought victory in a Roman courtroom are the subject of long controversy. The argument offered here is that evidence was subordinated to argument in Roman legal practice and the common thread tying arguments in various types of cases together was personal prestige of a particularly Roman sort—auctoritas, dignitas, gravitas—ideally possessed by litigants, advocates, witnesses, and supporting onlookers. But inert prestige was ineffectual: prestige carried with it expectations of behaviour, and its possessors were required to activate its power by appropriate behaviour in court, which confirmed the truthfulness of what they said, and at the same time strictly avoid inappropriate behaviour, which lessened or obliterated the power of their prestige.

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Rogula, Tomasz G., Esam Batayyah und Philip R. Schauer. Operating Room Set-up and Instrumentation for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. Herausgegeben von Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer und Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses operating room set-up and the basic instruments required for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, including hand instruments (which come in different lengths that accommodate the large cavity of bariatric patients), retraction instruments, stabilizers, and energy sources for transection and coagulation. In addition, staplers are discussed and the articulating and power technology, along with different thicknesses of reloads, as well as buttressing materials, are described. Voice activation technology in operating theater simplifies many of the demands on the surgeon. Finally, robotics improve ergonomics for the surgeon and enhance complex maneuvers in the abdominal cavity.

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40

Harrison, Graham. Developmentalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785798.001.0001.

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When we talk about development, we are talking about capitalist development. Taking a historical-comparativ e approach, Harrison understands development as a transformation which involves a deep and integrated political economy of change: a shift from a state of ‘capital-ascendance’ to ‘capital-dominance’. It is only through a transformation towards capital dominance that mass poverty reduction and the construction of a commonwealth are possible. However, capitalist development is extremely difficult and requires a highly exacting political endeavour. The politics of development is conceptualized as developmentalism: a strategy and ideology in which governments exercise heavy directive power, endure instability and crisis, and secure a rudimentary legitimacy for their efforts. The political exertions required to generate and sustain a developmentalist strategy are too great to be met by the simple desire to develop. Harrison argues that developmentalism requires a conflation of successful capitalist transformation with some form of existential insecurity of the state itself. Developmentalism flourishes when capitalist transformation connects to profound questions of sovereignty, statehood, nation-building, and elite survival. Authoritarian state action is intrinsic to developmentalism, which the book addresses by adapting a realist approach to politics in which political norms and values are generated within the agonies of suffering and benefit generated by an ascending capital. Taking case studies from the last 250 years, Developmentalism shows the deep contextualization of capitalist transformation as well as the massive improvements in material life that it has generated.

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41

Lippiatt, G. E. M. Crusaders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805137.003.0003.

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Simon’s independence required alternative bases for his own power that could not be found in the largely rhetorical refuge offered by a distant overlord. In the absence of support from above, Simon worked to cultivate relationships with his social peers and the lesser French nobility. Notably, however, outside of his immediate family, adherence to his cause more often came from his socially inferior neighbours and those with common spiritual devotions than from his wider kinship network. His extended family, of roughly equivalent social standing to himself, were more interested in following the French king in his campaigns to consolidate royal power than investing deeply in Simon’s crusade. However, those with similar ideological concerns or dependent on his success saw in Simon a charismatic and effective leader worthy of their allegiance.

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42

Forst, Rainer. Normativity and Power. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798873.001.0001.

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Humans are justificatory beings—they offer, demand, and require justifications. The rules and institutions we follow rest on narratives that have evolved over time and, taken together, constitute a dynamic and tension-laden normative order. This book presents a new approach to critical theory. Each chapter reflects on the basic principles that guide our normative thinking. The book's argument goes beyond obsolete “ideal” and “realist” theories and shows how closely the concepts of normativity and power are interrelated, and how power rests on the capacity to influence, determine, and possibly restrict the space of justifications for outsiders. By combining insights from the disciplines of philosophy, history, and the social sciences, the book revaluates theories of justice, as well as of power, and provides the tools to conceptualize the “justification narratives” that form the bedrock of our social and political life.

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43

Gray, Barbara, und Jill Purdy. Power and Collaboration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782841.003.0007.

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This chapter highlights how power affects and is affected by the structure, processes, and relationships in partnerships. We consider the episodic aspects of power that enable actors to influence dependencies through their authority, resources, and discursive legitimacy, as well as the systemic aspects of power that are linked to institutionalized expectations and legitimacy. An analysis of episodic power yields insights into possible power responses that partners may engage in based on their perceived characteristics, acknowledging that partners may use power to advantage themselves, to influence the process, or for collective benefit. Systemic power reflects the alignment of partners and the partnership as a whole with the institutional expectations of one or more fields, and how the meanings framed by partners serve to maintain or change field norms. Successful partnerships require that partners will have sufficient power to remain legitimate and that the collaborative effort is seen as acceptable.

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44

Chomsky, Noam. Requiem for the American dream: The 10 principles of concentration of wealth & power. Seven Stories Press, 2017.

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König, Thomas, und Michael E. Gorman. The Challenge of Funding Interdisciplinary Research. Herausgegeben von Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.41.

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Public research funding agencies today are required to address proactively interdisciplinary research. “The Challenge of Funding Interdisciplinary Research: A Look Inside Public Research Funding Agencies” looks specifically at two funding agencies—the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the EU European Research Council (ERC)—and how these bodies promote interdisciplinarity, on the one hand, and how they claim to identify it, on the other. Inevitably, this gives the funding agencies some definition power over what interdisciplinary research actually is or should be. At the same time, there are organizational constraints that restrict the funding agencies’ capacity to fully embrace novel ways of interdisciplinary collaboration and investigation.

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Varol, Ozan O. The Retreat. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0019.

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For several reasons, prolonged participation in politics can endanger both the military as an institution and the leaders at the helm, prompting an abdication of political power. Military muscle doesn’t equal political acuity. Governance often turns out to be a humbling experience for military leaders ill-equipped to perform the task. Even military officers initially determined to establish a dictatorship may lose their appetite for governance as they begin to appreciate the human and political capital required to run a government, let alone establish an enduring dictatorship. The intramural squabbles within the junta can snowball in intensity over time and cause the leadership to implode.

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Wallace, Aurora. New Buildings and New Spaces. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037344.003.0003.

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This chapter views the New-York Tribune and the New York Times—the first in the industry to use skyscraper architecture as the medium for corporate image construction—in the context of the growing power of the press. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the city was reimagined with new patterns of circulation, spaces, conduits, and nodes of power. Alongside the growth of the banking and insurance industries, the press colonized lower Manhattan and the value of land rose precipitously. New construction and printing technology required capital investment and new forms of corporate governance. Media architecture transformed from rented space in low buildings to purpose-built signature buildings with lawyers, press agents, and advertising firms as tenants. The shift to taller buildings reveals a preoccupation with both the symbolic and economic value of the skyscraper, as media content became more attentive to the built environment.

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F A, Mann. 1 The Prerogative in Foreign Affairs. Oxford University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198255642.003.0001.

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The conduct of foreign affairs is an executive act of government in which neither the Queen nor Parliament has any part. It is the Government which represents the State and determines its policy, though Parliament has the right and the power to control the Executive, to withhold confidence in it, to refuse to grant the financial resources required to carry out its decisions, and thus to deprive the Government's foreign policy of efficacy. Hence the Government must be certain that its foreign policy has the support of Parliament. The affairs which the Crown conducts comprise the whole catalogue of relations with foreign nations which includes the declaration of war and peace, of belligerency and neutrality, and the recognition of foreign States and of their extinction. The law can control the conduct of foreign affairs if and in so far as the prerogative has been superseded by legislation, but even where this has happened there usually remains a residue of prerogative power vested in the Executive.

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Morgan, M. Granger. Control strategies for power-frequency electomagnetic fields which do not require a measure of dose. Florida. Dept. of Environmental Resource, 1987.

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Brown, Kate Pride. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0001.

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Whereas civil society has previously been considered a “check” upon concentrated elite power, this chapter explains civil society as one player in a larger field of power. The field of power is a meta-field that contains all other social fields. To contend in the field of power requires a generalizable power source, and these powers operate simultaneously at two levels: in discrete social fields and in the field of power as a whole. Thus, through a close examination of a single social field, one can trace the shape of the larger field of power. Because power can be garnered and deployed in multiple spatial scales, the field of power approach is particularly appropriate for understanding civil society in the twenty-first century, which is characterized by globalization and a resurgent authoritarianism. The book examines the global field of power by focusing upon the dynamic interactions of power players around Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia.

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