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Stamule, Stere, und Steluța Todea. „Millennials between consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes towards local campaigns“. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, Nr. 1 (01.07.2017): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0076.
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Abstract This paper aims to measure the Romanian Millennials’ ethnocentrism tendency, together with their attitude of consumption towards Romanian-made products. Millennials, known as the Generation Y, are the demographic cohort, following the Baby Boomers and the Generation X. There is no specific date in time when this cohort begins and ends, but researchers put the early 1980’s as starting birth and, the mid-1990’s to early 2000’s as the ending birth year. Representing the youth and the young adult population, they are the principal source of worldwide influence in the world. Given the fast and massive changes of the society, in which the Generation Y developed, there are numerous socio-psychological characteristics promoted by researchers, all of these being essential for buying and consumer status of Millennials. The data were gathered using a structured online questionnaire, filled in by 518 Romanian youngsters, representative for the Generation Y, aged between 15 to 34 years old. Ethnocentrism was measured using the consumer ethnocentric tendencies scale (CETSCALE) developed by Shrimp and Sharma (1987). The attitudinal statements were used to measure the consumption behavior towards locally made products. The data was analyzed with the SPSS 20.0 statistics software for Windows, using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and correlation. The research results underline the role of the government and industry in encouraging Romanians to buy local products.
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Oumoussa, Abderrazzak. „Translating Difference: The Ambiguous Representation of the ‘Exotic’ in Wyndham Lewis’s Journey into Barbary: Travels across Morocco“. ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 18, Nr. 2 (29.12.2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.18.2.101-113.
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Difference is dealt with paradoxically in discourse: sometimes, it is admired and eulogized by the perceiver to the extent of fetishism; other times, however, it represents a mixture of both love and repulsion. The concept of representation does not stand for a homogeneous idea, but engenders a plethora of other concepts that lead to an inevitable crossing of various disciplines. In this regard, Journey into Barbary offers a rich territory for the study of crosscultural encounters and the representation of difference. The paper investigates the discursive ambiguity in Lewis’s representation of Morocco. The focus is on the fluctuation between a celebration of exoticism, and an assertion of ethnocentrism and superiority. The paper analyses Lewis’s travelogue considering recent theories in postcolonial criticism, attempting to unravel and demonstrate the author’s biased racial attitudes and ethnocentric tendencies in representing Moroccan people and culture, as well as his representation of other cultures – which I refer to as the translation of difference – as manifested in his description of Berbers.
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Stepchenkova, Svetlana, Lijuan Su und Elena Shichkova. „Intention to travel internationally and domestically in unstable world“. International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, Nr. 2 (26.06.2019): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-01-2018-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether events such as acts of terrorism, political and social turmoil, military conflicts, epidemics, and similar influence preferences of Russian tourists for international and domestic travel (DT) and the role of psychographic and demographic factors in this process. Design/methodology/approach The study is a survey of 139 international tourists from a large Russian city. Variables representing the influence of instability in the world on selecting international vacations (unstable world, UW) and the willingness to turn to DT instead (domestic tourism, DT) were operationalized. The study operationalized the constructs of national attachment and consumer ethnocentrism and then converted them into manifest variables, NAT and CET. Hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression were conducted to investigate the relationship between UW and DT variables and personal factors. Supporting ANOVA and χ2 tests were conducted to further explore those relationships. Findings The study found that being a female, older and more attached to the homeland make Russian tourists more receptive to threats and risks of international travel; however, being wealthier, makes them less susceptible to those threats. Those with higher ethnocentric tendencies are more likely to turn to DT instead, while those with higher income are less likely. Originality/value The study does not pertain to a particular “destination-negative event” context. Nor the study is interested in a particular travel risk or whether or not Russian tourists perceive international travel as risky. The study focuses on to what degree those perceptions influence their decisions to travel internationally or domestically. Psychographic consumer ethnocentrism and national attachment variables that are rarely used in tourism studies were employed to better understand the destination selection process of Russian tourists in the UW.
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Youngs, Tim. „“Why is that white man pointing that thing at me?” Representing the Maasai“. History in Africa 26 (Januar 1999): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172149.
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The feminist anthropologist Henrietta Moore has noted that “the interpretation of ‘other cultures’ has often been likened in the anthropological literature to a process of translation.” If one accepts that interpretation and translation are closely linked (though there may be some subtle distinctions to be drawn between them), then the comparison described by Moore may be illustrated with statements from two of the most prominent of anthropological critics in recent years, Clifford Geertz and James Clifford. In his book The Interpretation of Cultures, first published in 1973, Geertz claimed that:anthropological writings are themselves interpretations, and second and third ones to boot. (By definition, only a “native” makes first order ones: it's his culture.) They are, thus, fictions, in the sense that they are “something made,” “something fashioned…”A few years later, in a now similarly influential commentary on figures of and challenges to authority in ethnography, James Clifford declared that “[e]thnography is the interpretation of cultures. Both statements reflect the growing conviction that anthropology is not the objective or even the authoritative science that it once claimed to be. In the essay that follows I want to sketch some of the problems of cultural interpretation and translation in anthropology and to discuss one fascinating attempt to find a responsible solution to the imbalance of power inherent in anthropological representation.Before I turn to this example, Melissa Llewelyn-Davies' film on the Maasai, Memories and Dreams, I need to outline the main arguments that have been made about the status of anthropology. These have focused on the discipline's complicity with colonialism, its male bias, and the ethnocentrism that underlies the claim of scientific objectivity. I shall take each of these points in turn and, though it is important to outline the arguments about, and proposals for, methods and forms of representation, I will consider them only in brief since they have been often discussed in detail elsewhere. Cumulatively, they have contributed to the recognition that “[c]ulture, and our views of ‘it,’ are produced historically, and are actively contested.”
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Shixian, LIU. „Transnational Trauma and Politics in Phil Klay’s Post-9/11 War Novel Redeployment“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2023.0302.005.
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Phil Klay’s short story collection Redeployment is considered a quintessential literary text for the U. S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and won the 2014 National Book Award for fiction. This study argues that it gestures beyond the narrow American war frame to show both the physical and cultural trauma of nonwhite Other in wars during the post- 9/11 era; meanwhile, Klay subverts and deconstructs the myth of trauma hero, truly representing soldiers’ anxiety and trauma about their relationships with enemies, wars, and national power. In Klay’s view, the disillusionment of the American myth of “city upon a hill” projects intense political crises and social contradictions, including the civilian-military divide, racial conflicts, and the loss of national faith and security. And America’s way of democracy reconstruction in the Middle East is colored by ethnocentrism and cultural imperialism, thus further questioning the rationality and justice of the U. S. global counter-terrorism strategies.
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Gur-Ze'Ev, Ilan. „Sports Education Facing Globalizing Capitalism“. Policy Futures in Education 3, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2005.3.2.7.
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From its very beginning sports activity became – already within the framework of the modern nation-building project, establishing national ethos, and constituting effective colonization of the Other – a central element of the effort of the modern system to create, represent, and consume the modern body and soul and to create the healthy-conquering national ‘we’. And yet, when true to its essence, sport represents the impetus of Love of Life. As Love of Life it raises the human from lower levels of existence to their supreme goal within the forms of constant self-elevation. Sport as a global commodity is manufactured and consumed locally, serving and representing both ethnocentrism and false universalism in the form of globalization. It is of vital importance for sport's success as a worldwide commodity to function in the service of local passions and as a manifestation of the negation of the otherness of the Other. Without local rivalries, hate, and chauvinism, the worldwide reception and production of sport would not have been so successful.
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Savage, Patrick E. „Alan Lomax’s Cantometrics Project“. Music & Science 1 (01.01.2018): 205920431878608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204318786084.
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Alan Lomax’s Cantometrics Project was arguably both the most ambitious and the most controversial undertaking in music and science that the world has known. Its flagship component, Lomax’s “cantometric” analysis of approximately 1,800 songs from 148 worldwide populations using 36 classificatory features, sparked extensive debate. While Lomax responded to some criticisms, neither his final conclusions nor the evidence on which they were based were ever fully made clear. For decades, neither cantometrics nor Lomax’s related projects involving dance, speech, popular music, digital humanities, pedagogy, and activism were widely adopted by other researchers, but there has been a resurgence of interest since Lomax’s death in 2002. Here, I provide a comprehensive critical review of the Cantometrics Project, focusing on issues regarding the song sample, classification scheme, statistical analyses, interpretation, and ethnocentrism/reductionism. I identify misunderstandings, improvements that were made, and criticisms that remain to be addressed, and distil Lomax’s sometimes-conflicting claims into diagrams summarizing his three primary results: (1) ten regional song-style types, (2) nine musical factors representing intra-musical correlations, and (3) correlations between these musical factors and five factors of social structure. Although Lomax’s interpretations regarding correlations between song style and social structure appear weakly supported, his historical interpretations regarding connections ranging from colonial diaspora to ancient migrations provide a more promising starting point for both research and teaching about the global arts. While Lomax’s attempts to correlate features of social structure such as gender, religion, politics, and economics with stylistic features of musical performance largely failed to gain acceptance, the Cantometrics Project can still provide both inspiration and cautionary lessons for future exploration of relationships between music and culture.
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Tarbastaeva, Inna S. „Modern models of Buddhism as a social institution in Buryatia, Kalmykia and Tuva“. Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, Nr. 4 (2019): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-4-144-156.
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In the sociocultural space of Russia, there are three main and independent Buddhist centers: Kalmyk, Buryat and Tuvan. An analysis of geopolitical landmarks, ideological position, and large religious organizations representing this faith in the region shows that three different models of Buddhism as a social institution have developed: globally oriented (Kalmykia), ethnocentric (Buryatia), and regionally oriented (Tuva).
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Artamonov, V., V. Lukin und T. Musienko. „Strategic culture: to the question of the evolution theory“. National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-3-5-15.
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Status of the issue. The development of the theory of strategic culture began more than seven decades ago. To date, the theory has evolved from the theoretical justification of the behavioral styles of elites representing institutions and security services, to the development of models for the use of national strategic cultures as an important tool for political struggle at the global and regional levels. It should be noted that Russian political science is significantly lagging behind foreign science in the theoretical understanding of the problem and in the development of effective models for countering the Anglo-Saxon strategic culture, which has an openly aggressive Russophobic content.
Results. In the course of political analysis of the evolution of the theory of strategic culture, four stages of its development and their features were identified.
At the first stage-the 40-60s of the XX century, the main content was the study of national styles in strategic planning in the field of national security, caused by a military clash during the World War II. Stereotyping of the initial grounds and a certain ethnocentrism as the main features of the stage, were subjected to reasonable criticism and stimulated the further development of theoretical provisions of the problem.
At the second stage – the 70-90s of the XX century researchers developed a methodology for structural and functional analysis, institutionalism and modeling of competitive relations between regional actors. This was caused by the advent of the era of nuclear deterrence.
The third stage of the wave of research on strategic culture is formed at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. Theoretical and methodological research is carried out during this period in the framework of a critical rethinking of previous approaches and the formation of a trend towards neorealism. On the basis of comparative analysis, distinctions and justifications of different types of strategic culture and corresponding strategic thinking, as well as the behavior of actors, were identified.
At the present stage of theory evolution, the main attention of researchers is focused on the dynamics of changing strategic culture under the influence of threats and risks of globalization and specific events, identifying competing narratives within countries themselves, searching for effective models for changing existing national strategic cultures in the interests of the dominant regional strategic cultures – Anglo-Saxon, European, Asian (Chinese). The effectiveness of applying the results of Western research programs in political practice is proved by the process of reformatting, for example, the Ukrainian strategic culture with an anti-Russian trend.
Application. Political science – in order to continue the debate on strategic culture, the further development of the theory in the light of modern conditions of the clash of strategic cultures on a global level, and also political practice of compromise to minimize the challenges, risks and threats in international relations at the regional and global levels.
Conclusions. Further development of the theory of strategic culture is actualized by the sharp aggravation of the confrontation between national and regional strategic cultures in different geopolitical strategic regions of the planet.
This confrontation is caused by two main factors: the presence and strengthening of a number of national strategic cultures and the desire to dominate individual national and regional strategic cultures.
In the context of using national strategic cultures as an important tool of political struggle, the development of models for interaction of strategic cultures based on compromise can help to minimize risks in international relations.
The level of modern theoretical understanding of the problem does not correspond to the complexity of tasks to ensure national, regional and global security.
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POON, OIYAN A., MEGAN S. SEGOSHI, LILIANNE TANG, KRISTEN L. SURLA, CARESSA NGUYEN und DIAN D. SQUIRE. „Asian Americans, Affirmative Action, and the Political Economy of Racism: A Multidimensional Model of Raceclass Frames“. Harvard Educational Review 89, Nr. 2 (01.06.2019): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-89.2.201.
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Utilizing a critical raceclass theory of education, OiYan A. Poon and colleagues analyze interviews with Asian Americans who have publicly advocated for or against affirmative action and acknowledged how their understandings of racial capitalism informed their perspectives and actions. Limited research has considered Asian American subjectivity in examining what shapes their diverse perspectives on affirmative action. This study adds to research on the racial politics of the debate, which has increasingly centered Asian Americans and their interests, and introduces a multidimensional model of raceclass frames representing different political perspectives and choices around affirmative action: abstract liberalism, ethnocentric nationalism, conscious compromise, and systemic transformation. The model offers insights on Asian American frames and ideologies of racism, capitalism, and education to account for their divergent political perspectives and choices in the affirmative action debate.
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Mepham, Kieran Douglas, und Borja Martinovic. „Multilingualism and Out-Group Acceptance: The Mediating Roles of Cognitive Flexibility and Deprovincialization“. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 37, Nr. 1 (28.04.2017): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17706944.
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In this research, we systematically study multilingualism as a predictor of acceptance of ethnic out-groups. It is argued that people who speak more languages are more cognitively flexible, that is, they have an enhanced flexibility in understanding and representing information. Higher cognitive flexibility is in turn expected to be related to higher deprovincialization: a reevaluation of one’s ethnocentric worldview. Deprovincialization is then expected to result in more openness toward ethnic out-groups, evidenced by a more inclusive notion of the national identity and reduced out-group dislike. Cross-sectional survey data among a representative sample of native Dutch participants from the Netherlands ( N = 792) provide convincing support for these hypotheses and show that multilingualism is an important yet understudied factor in social–psychological research on prejudice reduction.
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Cseh, Maria, und Oliver S. Crocco. „Globalizing HRD Academic Practice: Developing a Global Mindset for Teaching and Research“. Advances in Developing Human Resources 22, Nr. 1 (Februar 2020): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422319886288.
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The Problem As a result of the domination of U.S.- and U.K.-centric approaches to human resource development (HRD), current academic practices often reside in ethnocentric content-related silos, which include certain theoretical frameworks, models, mindsets, and ways of conceptualizing. Given the exponential increase in globalization and the complex global issues facing the field of HRD, these teaching and research practices as well as the limited HRD global and transdisciplinary networks cannot offer the needed solutions to the problems faced by professionals around the world in their workplaces, communities, and societies. The Solution To understand this problem empirically and recommend solutions based on our findings, we reviewed journal articles published in the last year in our four Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD)-sponsored journals and HRD programs of universities that are members of AHRD’s Program Excellence Network (PEN) and University Forum for Human Resource Development (UFHRD) to understand the state of globalization of HRD research and teaching. We offer recommendations for HRD scholars representing the new guard to globalize their teaching and research and professional associations to guide and support the globalization of HRD academic practice. The Stakeholders This article is of particular interest to HRD scholars in all stages of their careers seeking to globalize their academic practice and contribute to their own and their learners’ global mindset development and to professional associations guiding and supporting the globalization of HRD academic practice.
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Hebert, David G. „INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION“. Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology "Signum Temporis" 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sigtem-2012-0053.
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ABSTRACT Imperfections - such as inequality and inefficiency of learning - are perennial problems for education despite a diversity of foundations on which national systems are established, which range from the idealistic vision of fostering a utopian society to the utilitarian objective of producing skilled workers capable of engendering economic growth. Despite sharing many common conditions and fundamental values, educators rarely learn valuable lessons from the successes and failures of highly relevant initiatives in distant nations. This problem may be attributed to several factors, not the least of which includes the entrenchment of local traditions and ethnocentric assumptions, but surely the quality and relevance of international-comparative research - and the way its results are disseminated - are issues that must also be taken into careful consideration. What are the unique lessons to be learned from international comparisons, and what are the prospective risks for how such comparisons may be misinterpreted and misused in educational settings? How can international comparative research be made more relevant, with tangible applications that may be recognized and effectively used by school teachers? How can international comparative education meaningfully examine subjects beyond the reach of standardized testing, in such domains as the fostering of creativity, talent, and ethical sensibilities, for example? These themes will be presented through discussion of both research findings and anecdotes from the personal experience of working for universities on four continents. Specific topics will include the challenges of accounting for conceptual equivalency and representing cultural differences, sampling and generalizability, reconciling the diverging aims of economic, anthropological, sociological, and psychological research, as well as grappling with the ambivalent discourse of globalization, multiculturalism, post-colonialism, and other social movements.
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Bartosik-Purgat, Małgorzata. „Country of origin as a determinant of young Europeans` buying attitudes — marketing implications“. Oeconomia Copernicana 9, Nr. 1 (31.03.2018): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.007.
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Research background: Country of origin and brand image are among the main factors influencing consumer buying decisions. The phenomenon known as the Country of Origin Effect (COE) refers to the influence of a country’s image on consumer product evaluations and the perception of brands originating from specific countries. The COE describes consumer attitudes towards certain product categories and is connected with the perception of quality of such products manufactured in particular markets. The changing market conditions and proliferation of hybrid products cause certain problems for consumers who find it increasingly difficult to identify the country of origin of specific products and face a dilemma whether a product manufactured in China is of equal quality as a product of the same brand, but manufactured in France.
Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the paper is to identify the young Europeans` attitudes towards the country of origin of purchased products. An attempt has been made to answer two research questions: firstly, whether are young Europeans guided by stereotypes associated with the country of origin of specific product categories in their conscious buying decisions? Secondly, do young European consumers attach higher value to a product’s brand than its country of origin?
Methods: The analysis has been based on literature studies and empirical data collected in two different period of time 2008 and 2015 among 1362 respondents (in 2008) and 1125 respondents (in 2015) from eight European countries (Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Great Britain). In the exploratory empirical study, the author of the paper used two research methods: PAPI in 2008 (Paper and Pen Personal Interview) and CAWI in 2015 (Computer Assisted Web Interview).
Findings & Value added: The study results reveal that in some countries, namely Poland and the Czech Republic, young consumers are guided in their deliberate buying choices by certain mental schematics perpetuated, for example, in the mass media (the best wine comes from France, best watches are made in Switzerland, and superior quality cars originate from Germany). Respondents representing other nationalities showed more support for domestic products. By far, the most ethnocentric in their choices turned out to be the French who in almost all product categories showed preferences for products originating from their country. Furthermore, the empirical study showed that with respect to different product categories young European consumers attach more importance to a product’s brand than its country of origin.
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Vechorynska, Tatyana V. „Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club: Reconsidering the Image of China within Chinese American Discourse“. Imagologiya i komparativistika, Nr. 17 (2022): 328–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/17/16.
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The article discusses the image of China as an integrant part of Amy Tan’s writings. The imagological approach to the study of Chinese American discourse, as well as discussion of the semantics and poetics of hetero-images and auto-images of Chineseness, American Chineseness, Ameri-canness, provides a comprehensive understanding of the writer’s artistic concept in representing the changing nature of the Chinese American identity. At the same time, the article seeks to open new vistas in Chinese American discourse, to focus on intrinsic textual peculiarities beyond the extrinsic ethnocentric concepts of cultural hybridity and Orientalism, which have been prevalent in academic literary surveys during the latter half of the twentieth century. A comparative approach based on imagology theory allows investigating the multiple dimensions of the ambivalent Chinese American identity through revealing the core images implicitly present in all Amy Tan’s novels. Within American circumstances, the problem of the other cultural background for Chinese American writers constitutes an essential part of their creative quest. The article thus highlights the mechanisms of literary representation of the image of China and explores the ways of artistic literary textualization of Chinese cultural facts. By considering such categories as Chineseness, American Chineseness, and Americanness through the lens of literary imagology, the article provides an interpretation of the Self and the Other distinction in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club. It is argued that the image of China in this novel cannot be viewed as otherness, but as the other Self. The Joy Luck Club is not just a family saga on the life of people of Chinese origin in the American circumstances but also a true representation of a conflict between the knowledge about the world possessed by Chinese mothers and the “American knowledge” of their American-born daughters. The novel represents mutual self-reflected images of the East and the West. The imagological analysis provides grounds for concluding that the novel is not about the distinction between the Self and the Other, but about a world that protagonists can no longer consider either own or alien since it is both for them. In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan considers problems that reveal the fundamental issues of Chinese American literary and critical discourse: the role of Chinese culture within Chinese American identity, the Self versus the Other, the national and the transnational. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Ozkan, Feyza Nur, und Sema Kurtulus. „The role of consumer characteristics on cultural consumption tendency“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 25.10.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-03-2022-0111.
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PurposeThis study aims to identify the role of consumer characteristics in cultural consumption tendencies. Additionally, the study examines whether country differences and prior experience in the country affect consumers' cultural consumption tendencies.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, individual innovativeness, and lifestyle on cultural consumption tendencies were tested. Moreover, we assess whether country type and prior experience are differentiating factors for cultural consumption tendencies. To this end, two countries – the USA and South Korea, representing Western and Eastern cultures, respectively – were selected to achieve comparable results in two different cultures. The research data were collected from 775 people using an online survey method and analyzed using path analysis and an independent samples t-test.FindingsConsumer characteristics affect cultural consumption tendencies. These effects are culture-specific and cultural product-specific. Cosmopolitanism has a positive impact on cultural consumption tendencies, while consumer ethnocentrism has a negative impact. Individual innovativeness and lifestyle partially affected cultural consumption tendencies. Notably, these effects differ by country type. However, cultural consumption tendencies do not differ according to consumers' prior experience.Practical implicationsThis study provides insightful information for e-retailers to be mindful of global consumer characteristics. Accordingly, cultural consumption patterns can be used as the basis for market segmentation. In addition, understanding global consumer characteristics and their cultural product- and culture-specific effects on consumption will help cultural industry players in their segmentation and targeting decisions.Originality/valueNotwithstanding the rich body of literature on cultural consumption, this study provides consumer-level comparative empirical research from a marketing perspective. Essentially, the study is novel as it reveals the consumer characteristics that affect cultural consumption tendencies.
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Sharapan, Maria. „Representing Tibetan Buddhism in books on spirituality: A discourse-historical approach“. Critical Research on Religion, 01.06.2022, 205030322210753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503032221075380.
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This article looks into how Tibetan Buddhism is framed in terms of East-West dichotomy in six popular books on Buddhism and spirituality. Discourse Historical Approach is employed to uncover the rhetorical representation of Tibetan Buddhism to the readers. A critical post-colonial perspective offers an insight into various power dynamics, arising from these representations, structured according to Yoshikawa's model of intercultural communication between East and West. The various power outcomes of rhetorical styles range from Ethnocentric to Dialogical, with their ethical consequences and problematics discussed.
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Fryer, Tom. „Do the political attitudes of students change during their time in higher education?“ Higher Education, 13.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00915-8.
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AbstractExperience of higher education (HE) has come to characterise many contemporary political divisions, including those related to Brexit, Trump and coronavirus policy. However, the academic literature is unclear whether HE plays a causal role in changing peoples’ political attitudes or is simply a proxy. Furthermore, in many contexts, there is limited descriptive evidence on whether students’ political attitudes change during HE. This paper focuses on the UK, using data from the British Election Study, to make a twofold contribution. Firstly, the paper introduces recent political science theorising on the nature of contemporary political divisions, which has remained largely outside the HE literature to date. This theorising is illustrated through a cross-sectional analysis, comparing the political attitudes of those with and without experience of HE, showing that the former tend to be more left-leaning and less ethnocentric. Secondly, a longitudinal analysis is performed to assess how students’ political attitudes change during their time in HE. While in HE, students tend to make small movements to the left and become less ethnocentric, representing approximately 20–33% of the overall division between those with and without experience of HE. These findings are interpreted through a critical realist lens—they evidence that HE could have a causal role to play in creating contemporary political divisions. However, to establish whether HE does play a causal role, further intensive research is needed to explore how particular aspects of HE might bring about these changes and how this varies for different students in different contexts.
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Julián-Serrano, Sachelly, Kevin Dodd, Ivonne Angleró und Nancy Emenaker. „Ethnic Disparities in EPA and DHA Intake in US Adults: Results from the NHANES 2011–2014 (P04-107-19)“. Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (01.06.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-107-19.
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Abstract Objectives Recent studies suggest a large percentage of US adults are not meeting recommended dietary intakes for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Meanwhile, the Institute of Medicine has yet to establish Dietary Reference Intakes for either EPA or DHA and some US populations may be particularly vulnerable. Therefore, we investigated dietary consumption and main food sources of EPA and DHA across racial and ethnic group potentially at-risk. We hypothesized differences in mean dietary intakes of EPA and DHA (P < 0.05) may exist across targeted groups due to differences in ethnocentric dietary patterns. Methods For these investigations, data from the NHANES 2011–2014 was analyzed. Group mean daily EPA and DHA intake in grams (g), along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were computed from up to two 24-hour recall measurements in Hispanics, non-Hispanics whites and others (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), and non-Hispanic Asians (NHA). For major food sources across race/ethnic group, the fractions of total intake (and corresponding 95% CIs) from each food item were calculated from the first day's 24-hour recall. Results A total of 9848 individuals were included in this analysis, representing 21% Hispanics, 44% NHW, 23% NHB, and 12% NHA. As expected, significant differences (P < 0.0001 for all tests) in mean intake were observed across racial and ethnic groups for energy, total/saturated/monounsaturated/PUFA fat, cholesterol, EPA, and DHA. NHB reported highest total PUFA intake (Mean: 19.60 g; 95% CI: 18.99–20.22) and NHA reported the lowest (Mean: 16.57 g; 95% CI: 15.86–17.27). However, NHA reported an intake 3x higher of EPA (Mean: 0.07 g; 95% CI: 0.06–0.07) and 2x higher of DHA (Mean: 0.12 g; 95% CI: 0.11–0.14) than other ethnic groups. For NHA, oily fish, which are food sources higher in EPA and DHA, were the largest total EPA and DHA contributors. On the other hand, main contributors to EPA and DHA in Hispanics were food sources lower in EPA and DHA. Conclusions In summary, we observed EPA and DHA mean daily intakes differ significantly across racial/ethnic groups. Further studies assessing dietary n-3 PUFA intakes in the US population should include differences in ethnocentric dietary patterns. Funding Sources This project was funded by the NCI Introduction to Cancer Research Careers.