Dissertationen zum Thema „Représentations internes de l'environnement“
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Moongathottathil, James Ashwin. „Apprentissage de la structure pour modéliser le comportement individuel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraditional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms primarily focus on selecting actions that maximize rewards, but real-world decision-making involves more than just optimizing rewards. It also requires individuals to construct internal representations of the environment, an area that has received less attention in behavioral studies. In this work, we present a novel computational framework that deepens our understanding of the decision-making process by integrating these internal representations. We define the internal structure of learning agents as a combination of RL learning rules and their internal environment representations. To infer these structures, we introduce structure learning methods that extract internal models of learning agents from behavioral data in two settings: one where the internal structure remains static and another, more complex scenario, where agents dynamically update their internal structure. For the latter case, we propose Dynamic Structure Learning (DSL), a method that captures time-varying internal models and models individual behavior as a function of evolving internal representations.We apply our structure learning framework to behavioural data from rats in a T-maze experiment, providing new insights into individual learning processes in real-world settings. Our results suggest that individual differences in learning among rats can be explained by their different internal structures. The DSL method reveals that rats refine their internal environment representations as they learn, suggesting that successful learning requires constructing an internal model that increasingly aligns with the external world.This research moves beyond static models and population-level analyses, providing tools to investigate individual learning processes in greater depth. The implications of our findings extend to both reinforcement learning and artificial intelligence, offering new perspectives on how individuals build and adapt internal representations of their environment, and advancing AI systems toward more accurate emulation of human and animal intelligence
Mounoud, Éléonore. „L'inscription sociale des discours et des représentations stratégiques dans l'industrie de l'environnement“. Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1997. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994816.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this research is to build a conceptual and methodological framework for studying strategic representations and discourses and apply it to the environment industry. The first part is based on a critique of cognitive approaches in strategic management. It shows that these approaches do take into account the role of social interactions in generating cognition, however, they fail short in studying the social embeddedness of strategic representations due to methodological weaknesses. A new conceptual and methodological framework, based on the concept of "social representations" and driven from social psychology, is then suggested. The second part puts forward a three-step protocol for studying the social embeddeness of strategic representations. It provides techniques to identify the social determining (anchoring) of discourse and to generate data through conversational interactions. An interpretative grid is built when implementing the three-step protocol in the environment industry. This grid is used to ease the interpretation of strategic discourses and the identification of strategic representations. Three types of anchoring are studied. First, the ideological anchoring deals with the way to resolve the opposition between ecological an economical views ; second, the practical anchoring deals with the production and maintenance of the different types of organisational rules of control. Third, the social and historical anchoring refers to the construction of the environment as a category. Four interpretative repertoires are identified depending on the type of customer (industry vs. Local communities) and on the type of supply (market vs. Legal constraint). This way of doing research is based on viewing social life as the struggle for the legitimate public interpretation. It enables to study strategies through strategic discourses and the representations they are producing and reproducing
Guillou-Michel, Elisabeth. „Les agriculteurs et l'environnement : représentations sociales et pratiques dans un monde en mutation“. Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims the study of the pro-environmental behaviour in agriculture, behaviour defined as the commitment or lack of commitment of farmers to agricultural actions in favour of environmental preservation. It is a question of defining which elements, related to the individual and the external context, distinguish the commited farmers from the non-commited ones in this type of actions. Specifically, we explore in which way the socioeconomic and political context, as well as the representations, the evaluation and the perception of the environement interfere with the behaviour of the subjects. The investigation consists in quantitative and qualitative study of the relationship between farmers and the society, their profession and the physical environment. The results highlight various ideologies within the agricultural world These ideologies define distinct parctices, some pro-environmental and specific to organic agriculture ones, others conventional and specific to traditional agriculture. At the same time, in the current agricultural context, social, political and economic constraints put pressure on the traditional farmers and modify the attitude and the opinions of some of them and incite them to turn their practices in favour of the environment. The adopting of new practices has, in return, an impact on the farmer's representations of the environment and the agriculture
Chabeauti, Pierre-yves. „Adaptation des représentations internes de l’action à la microgravité : continuum fonctionnel de la perception à l’exécution“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4730/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is the role of gravity in the internal representations of action? Beyond the constraints of balance, does the gravity vector influence the action globally, up to the perception of our peers' movement? These issues have guided my thesis work. The originality of our approach was to place the execution and the perception of action in a "functional continuum" built around the internal representations of the action. To do this, the tool of choice, that is common to all three experiments presented here, is microgravity (0G). The experiments of this thesis showed that the internal representations of action are fed with graviceptive information to build and adapt constantly. However, under certain conditions such as short-term 0G, an order of priority appears. Indeed, the CNS is able to implement immediate and effective solutions, as we demonstrate it with the fast sensorial reweighting observed during a postural orientation task. However, a lag is observed in the recalibration of internal models based on sensory inputs severely disrupted. This is what we have shown through a protocol of motor imagery, showing a loss of isochrony between executed and imagined movements under 0G. Finally, we have demonstrated in subjects without any experience of microgravity, that the perception of human movement is effective even when it is performed in weightlessness, although different cerebral networks are involved
Robert, Pascale de. „Gens de l'amont : usages et représentations de l'environnement dans les hautes Andes du Vénézuéla“. Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the sierra nevada of merida, in a national park, the peasants name themselves "wheat people" - this cereal is cultivated in the region since the beginning of the colonial period - as well as "highland people" - they live near the "paramo" summits. This double identity can be lived as a contradictory experience and requires to keep up intricate relationships with the environment. Following the local space categories, practices are related to the ways of inhabiting, cultivating, using and also taming the environment. From the house to the paramo, we study in detail agrarian practices and knowledges, the sharing of tasks and territories between men and women on the one hand, between human beings and mountain spirits on the other hand. Those spaces correspond with different sociabilities, analized according to a temporal axis. Seasons and religious celebrations give rythm the life of the households, which are related to kinship and "compadrazgo" relationships. Forms of work organisation and eating habits stengthen the feeling of community adherence and show some essential social values. After analysis of life time and body perception - feminine, masculine - oral tradition is also studied, in particular a mythology which reveals the problem of crossbreeding. Isolated from the rest of the population, the inhabitants feel sometimes desarmed in their relationship with others (park) and with change (city), in spite they show real capacities to migrate, adapt and bring changes
Pigeon, Michel, und Michel Pigeon. „Représentations et raisons d'action d'anciens responsables politiques concernant les changements climatiques“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes grands défis environnementaux, particulièrement celui des changements climatiques, sont beaucoup plus sociaux que techniques, car c’est principalement notre mode de vie qui est en cause. Pouvons-nous effectuer les changements qui s’imposent ? Quelles sont les principales difficultés à vaincre ? Comment les gouvernements doivent-ils agir ? Pour contribuer à répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi d’interviewer douze anciens ministres responsables des questions environnementales afin de comprendre les raisons de leur action, ainsi que les représentations qui les sous-tendent. Tant en France qu’au Québec, un ministre doit prendre en compte autant les perceptions et les représentations des citoyens que celles des différents groupes avec lesquels il est en contact (groupes de pression, lobbies, médias, élus locaux, etc.), de même que les objectifs du gouvernement et de son parti politique. Sa marge de manoeuvre est étroite, ce qui explique en bonne partie pouquoi les ministres que nous avons interrogés ont tous agi un peu de la même manière. Ils ont tous tenté de faire au mieux pour la protection de l’environnement et le bien-être de leurs concitoyens, mais sans trop bousculer leur mode de vie ni l’ordre établi, tout en étant généralement très conscients que les défis à relever vont demander très bientôt des décisions beaucoup plus difficiles. La sociologie politique explique que les décisions politiques dans nos sociétés démocratiques sont des constructions collectives d’acteurs en interaction, et confirme donc globalement les résultats de notre analyse. Les actions politiques des anciens ministres peuvent également être interprétés à la lumière des trois logiques de l’action décrites par François Dubet. Par ailleurs, dans une vision interactionniste, où la signification des objets est créée par l’interaction, l’action est difficile lorsque cette signification n’est pas la même pour les différents acteurs, et c’est ce que nos avons constaté pour les enjeux environnementaux à long terme qui sont perçus très différemment par les citoyens et les ministres.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
Karadimas, Dimitri. „Le corps sauvage : idéologie du corps et représentations de l'environnement chez les mirana d'amazonie colombienne“. Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVan, Staëvel Elvire. „Natures de la pollution : approche anthropologique des représentations de la dioxine et de son impact sanitaire“. Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDéverin, Yveline. „Le corps de la terre : Moose de la région de Ouagadougou : représentations et gestion de l'environnement“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctor's thesis principally uses the methods of ethnoscience. The social and human sciences (philosophy, ethnology, anthropology and sociology), when based on ethnolinguistics and applied from a geographical perspective, help us understand the relations between people and their environment. The mossi see the world as being in their likeness and at their service. The world comprises not only "nature" but also space and time, which are defined and measured with regard to mankind. This anthropomorphic and anthropocentric conception enables the geographer to understand certain practices having to do with the management of the environment. It also helps him explain the way the mossi are seen by their non-mossi neighbors. This geographical approach sheds light on the homogeneity and coherence of an original way of thinking that structurally unites the conception of mankind and the conception of the world. In fact, it unites them so closely that image cannot be distinguished from object. In ougadougou but also in rural areas, major changes are occurring in the values governing behaviors. Tradition is adapting to these new exigencies. However the mossi logic is still functional, because it is tied to fundamental representations of the bonds that unite people both among themselves and to their environment. This dualism helps explain several reactions: what is a priori. .
Allik, Amel. „La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Balaÿ, Olivier. „Discours et savoir-faire sur l'aménagement de l'environnement sonore au XIXème siècle : recherches sur la sensibilité à l'environnement sonore, les représentations sur le bruit et les dispositifs spatiaux“. Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenault, Alix. „Influence des représentations internes sur l'adaptation sensorimotrice et la cognition spatiale : effets de la proprioception et de la variabilité inter-individuelle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0686/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow do we achieve voluntary movements? What mechanisms allow us to grasp objects or orient ourselves in an environment? Previous work suggests that representations within the central nervous system underlie trivial actions such as reaching movements toward an object or memorizing the layout of a shopping center. However, the nature of these representations remains unclear. Regarding the control of upper limb movements, two main types of movement representations have been proposed, with representations according to an extrinsic coordinate system (representations referred to a normed space, right/left, up/down...) and an intrinsic system (representations referred to muscles and joints, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction...). With respect to the spatial representation of an environment such as a park, two coordinate systems could be used: an allocentric system (with references between landmarks, in a cartesian or polar space) and an egocentric system (with references to its own body). The aim of this thesis was to clarify the nature of the representations used for sensorimotor control and spatial cognition. We were also interested in how sensory modalities impact both sensorimotor control and spatial cognition, and we specifically focused on vision and proprioception
Labra-Labra, Oscar Ramon Sandro. „Représentations sociales du VIH-SIDA dans l'environnement des services sociaux et de santé de la région du Maule, au Chili“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27951/27951.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArrif, Teddy. „Pratiques et représentations des usagers d'espaces verts : le cas du parc de Bercy“. Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe tried by using social representations to understand interrelations between man and green areas within cities. Because, local councillors try to improve the expectations of users of public green areas which cover open surfaces, private, or public, of which composition is mainly dependant on contribution of plant, and which are allotted to offer to users ideal conditions for walking, relaxation, playing or sporting activities. The thesis shows results of factorial analysis concerning the population of users of park of Bercy, located in twelfth district of Paris. Representations of the public park refer to a contact with nature, a feeling of wellbeing and to the practice of play and sporting activities
Allik, Amel. „La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Ellison, Nicolas. „Entre l'ombre des caféiers et la chaleur du mai͏̈s : reproduction sociale, usages et représentations de l'environnement en pays totonaque, Sierra Puebla (Mexique)“. Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis shows how, among the Totonac Indians of Mexico, economic practices depend on the social logics of ecological uses and conceptualizations. The confrontation between Totonac peasant coffee producers and the mestizo cattle raisers reveals the linkage between the control of natural resources and the social organization. The study of ecological uses and conceptualizations shows the operational validity of a cosmological scheme of Mesoamerican descent. The logic of reproduction of the "cycles of fertility" sustains a Totonac mode of livelihood to which the "nature-culture" opposition is irrelevant. It is extended to the ethnic interpretation of lanscapes according to the "hot-cold" polarity which prevails in the nosological and botanic classifications. Concerning the production, the dominance of use-logic is subordinate to the communities' logic of reproduction-recomposition, as are the processes of political competition about development projects
Pelletier, Caroline. „Évaluation de l'impact de programmes d'ERE sur la citoyenneté environnementale des élèves du troisième cycle du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaffiolo, Valérie. „De la caractérisation sémantique et acoustique de la qualité sonore de l'environnement urbain : structuration des représentations mentales et influence sur l'appréciation qualitative : application aux ambiances sonores de Paris“. Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA1012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDreveton, Benjamin. „L'instrumentation de l'organisation publique : du processus de transplantation au processus de construction de l'outil gestion. Le cas de l'Agence De l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie“. Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466518.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRicher, Geneviève. „Environnement, représentations, pratiques socio-économiques : phénomènes volcanosismiques et structures agraires en Campanie (IIIe s. av.-IIIe s. n.è.)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDefreville, Boris. „CARACTÉRISATION DE LA QUALITÉ SONORE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT URBAIN : UNE APPROCHE PHYSIQUE ET PERCEPTIVE BASÉE SUR L'IDENTIFICATION DES SOURCES SONORES“. Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie met en évidence le fait que celles-ci ne sont pas toutes perçues de la même manière et qu'en conséquence leurs évaluations métrologiques doivent être adaptées. Ce travail permet de proposer un indicateur lié au désagrément sonore ; en fonction du lieu, cet indicateur utilise la force sonore de la séquence, mais il prend toujours en compte les caractéristiques des différentes sources émergentes.
La deuxième partie de l'étude propose deux méthodes pour la mesure automatique de cet indicateur à travers l'identification des sources. Ces outils représentent, in fine, une aide à la gestion d'un environnement sonore de quartier.
Gras, Marie-Claire. „Souveraineté de l'État et droits de l'homme : les leçons de l'Amérique Centrale dans la decennie 80 : étude sur l'impact de l'environnement juridique et le rôle de l'action internationale, en faveur du respect des droits de l'homme en période de troubles internes“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF10189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBy studying four central American stats which have experienced various periods of internal unrest during the nineteen eighties, this thesis reflects on the occurrence of massive human rights violations during these periods, violations which persisted despite the existence of adequate legal mechanisms for the protection of rights both at the international and internal level. It analyses the political factors which can explain these crises and the ensuing human rights violations and concludes that the main cause of this unrest is the lack of state sovereignty. If the state cannot enjoy popular legitimacy and needs to resort to the use of force to ensure its power, the rule of law collapsed and human rights are threatened, no matter how sophisticated the legal protecting environment. From this can be drawn guidelines for more successful international action in favor of human rights in times of internal unrest. Examining the whole range of international action, governmental and non-governmental, it appears that neither purely legal action nor human rights action which in reality seeks to maintain the politico-social status quo can be really effective. The only positive action is the one which seeks to tackle the roots of the unrest. This explains the inadequacy of the various “fire brigade” interventions which can provide immediate relief but only at a superficial level. All in all, lobbying those forces capable of influencing the political settlement in these countries appears theoretically to be the best action for individuals. However, to be fruitful, this kind of activity implies a general consensus on human rights objectives which in reality proves difficult to achieve
Befort, Nicolas. „Pour une mésoéconomie de l'émergence de la bioéconomie : représentations, patrimoines productifs collectifs et stratégies d'acteurs dans la régulation d'une chimie doublement verte“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIME001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the emergence of a new economic space from a mesoeconomic regulationist and evolutionist approach. This space has been called "bioeconomy" by the actors after divergent and conflictual interpretations of this concept. This economic space differs from the traditional ways of representing the division of labour into sectors (chemistry, agriculture, energy). The actors involved in seeking to define this space are reconstructing these sectors into an original and specific field, which is built on the use of biobased plant, animal and algal renewable resources. These actors consider themselves to be becoming the "industry of industries". Thus, instead of providing end products, they produce intermediates for agro- or chemical industries, materials or energy. The field does not cover photovoltaic electricity. Therefore, bioeconomy is a recomposition of the relationships between agriculture and chemistry in which the former becomes the supplier for the latter. We use the concept of the regimes of production of knowledge and of economic activity to describe the diversity of the technological promises made by the actors involved. We show, therefore, that bioeconomy cannot be reduced to the biotechnological revolution. Three broad views of bioeconomy emerge. At a deeper level, we present here three case studies to illustrate this diversity. The actors are weighed down by an "economy of promises" based on their own productive heritages that they are trying to reproduce and project into the future. This leads them to problematize the bioeconomy space in order to determine their resource allocations
Tsitsy, Sijoscky Alex. „Environnementalistes et Mbororo : esquisses des représentations de l'espace au Parc National de Waza (extrême-nord Cameroun)“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on the conflictual relationships between the Environmentalists (State of Cameroon; Project Waza-Logone, parc agents, international NGOs) and the half-nomad pastors by the name of mbororo, to whom the same territory is an environnemental bank for the former and a social bank for the latter. This contribution goes from the protagonists, to question the conflicts, in order to encompass their producers that are the representations. Thus, out of ethnography and of the analysis, are created these main conflicts due to nomad pastoralism, to the collection of material of constructions, food products, and traditional therapists. This latter are brought about by a flagrant ignorance that faces the mbororo with the tryptic protection-conservation- valorization of the ecology holders. However, this situation makes that the level of coercition is confronted to the permanent violation of the norms to be upheld. By exploring the conflicts, the parc represents to the Environmentalists a bank of genetic biodiversity in situ; all the biodiversity stays there. It is a business product valuable by tourism, without omitting that there is also a space appropriated by the State of Cameroon, which is the legal owner of the space. On the mbororo side, it is about an expropriated space and the orchestrated expulsion by the Environmentalists is a vibrant proof. The plantation and the place of memory are two others representations, validated by the fact that they are refuelled in diverse products to meet their needs, then it is inside that space that the connection with their lives and nature is made. Having measured the conflicts and the visible limits as far as the solution is concerned, we argue about some hypothesis proper to engage the protagonists toward the new understanding of the respective stakes. At last, they are located at different registers, translated into practical propositions capable of allowing a truly co-management
Ibouanga, Sosthène. „Hommes et aires protégées au Gabon, entre protection procurale de la biodiversité et préservation des intérêts locaux dans le parc national de Moukalaba-Doudou : Le discours des habitants, des techniciens de l'environnement et des élus“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe protection of the environment is an issue that both divides and mobilizes several actors including environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants. Focused on the current actors' discourses and actions, this study intends to analyze the policy of nature management in Gabon via the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park. As such, through cultural practices, this thesis proposes to re-examine the relationship of local populations to nature in a contemporary ecological context. This context is dominated by the confrontation of endogenous and exogenous conceptions of nature. We thereby question, via the "procurale management", the responsibility of the State for the management of nature and national parks in Gabon. On the other hand, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the "piendupialiste" discourse of the different actors (the State, ANPN, environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants) on the protection of nature in Gabon. The purpose of this thesis is to show that the entry of Gabon into ‘modernity' in the colonial context can be taken as the origin of the degradation of biodiversity in the Moukalaba-Doudou park. This degradation is linked to the evolution of the cultural practices of the populations based on the use of nature through the introduction of new technologies (hunting gun, ammunition, fishing net, freezer, chainsaw) and the adoption of new religions (Christianity and Islam). The other perspective of this study is to show that ‘procurale management' (the financial and material investments of donors and international NGOs are higher than those of the State) does not really promote the sustainable protection of biodiversity and does not ensure coherent socio-economic and cultural development for the sake of local populations. Finally, the thesis presents the divergence of representations and interests of populations and environmental technicians with regard to nature and its uses. The lack of understanding of contemporary ecological issues are at the root of conflicts (Human-Wildlife conflicts, poaching, illegal fishing, etc.) and make the management of Moukalaba-Doudou National Park difficult. It is therefore important to pool the interests of the various actors to considerably reduce the impact of the action of populations on nature. It is also important to reduce the significant influence of international NGOs and donors on the management of national parks in Gabon. It seems important to promote the integration of endogenous knowledge and the real consideration of the interests of local populations for the successful safeguarding of biodiversity
Germaine, Marie-Anne. „De la caractérisation à la gestion des paysages ordinaires des vallées dans le nord-ouest de la France : Représentations, enjeux d’environnement et politiques publiques en Basse-Normandie“. Caen, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440948.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Normandy, like in the Norwest France, valleys contain singular landscapes subjected to strong environmental issues (flood, biodiversity) and various pressures (agricultural decline, urban sprawl, leisure valorisation). In order to reveal the specificity of those landscapes, a comparative method is proposed from the case of valleys of Normandy. Thanks to a systemic and multiscalar approach, the study takes into account the material and subjective dimension of landscape. A morphometric approach (spatial analysis/DEM) and a land cover approach (remote sensing/SPOT5) enables to characterize the visible dimension of landscape and identify 11 representative landscape types. We take into account the roles of the various actors in the landscape production and their evolution in order to evaluate the role of different functions (agricultural, industrial. . . ) and heritages in landscape diversity. Then, we have conduct semi structured interviews with the different actors (inhabitants, farmers …) in order to define different landscape representation models. Discourse analysis (“content analysis” with WordMapper software) allows us to identify social demand. The comparison of landscape characteristics, productive practices and representations reveals gaps between landscape contemporary systems, inhabitant’s expectations and planning policy. It shows the predominance of environmental policies to landscapes ones and reveals difficulties of their articulation. Finally, the study of valleys in Normandy contributes to the reflexion of expertise and management of ordinary landscapes in the north-western France
Krien, Nathalie. „Place des risques côtiers dans la représentation du cadre de vie d'individus possédant des enjeux sur des communes "à risque"“. Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the 20th century, new stakes appeared on coastal areas. Moreover in february 2010, the devastation caused by the storm Xynthia has effected a strengthening of coastal risk management policies. The workload of local managers has evolved consequently. Now they have to integrate risks management into daily operations. This implies an interest in populations. Most especially on representations of their environment and translation of coastal risks. Our survey is studying representation of environment from people who live on coastal areas. Most especially the place of coastal risks in those representation. Our starting point is that the représentation of coastal risks belongs to specific environmental and social factors. With this in mind, we made assumptions which have been subjected to several qualitative surveys and a questionnaire. Those analyses confirmed that representation of coastal risks depend from the way in which they grasp and use their environment. Most espacially it depend from spatio-temporal, social and attitudinal dimension of the at risk area
Dias, Pierre. „Les représentations spatiales de la ville et les mobilités quotidiennes au prisme des positions sociales : une approche socio-cognitive des ségrégations socio-spatiales“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEver since the earliest forms of urbanism, cities have been shaped by ideological constructs that impact the everyday life of individuals and socio-spatial segregations. This PhD thesis focuses specifically on how positions in the social structure are objectified in the representations and everyday practice of urban space. Based on study of five different socio-spatial representations among University of Strasbourg staffers, it evidences a principle of structural homology between the cognitive, spatial and social dimensions of the individual-environment relationship. Some groups have a functional relationship to the city that reflects the complexity of the places they frequent. Conversely, others have an evaluative relationship that focuses on ‘emblematic’ places. These two relationships are markers of these groups’ social identities. Whereas the former are dominated and may seek to enhance their status through their practices, the latter are dominant and do so by making reference to the global city and comparing their city to others. The identity stakes of socially internalized spatial practices and representations ultimately contribute to segregation
Dovonou-Vinagbe, Sena-Pricette-Karene, und Sena-Pricette-Karene Dovonou-Vinagbe. „Approche intégrée pour évaluer la vulnérabilité aux impacts des changements climatiques : cas du bassin versant de l'Artibonite en Haïti“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27957.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDepuis plusieurs années, les pays du monde entier sont préoccupés par la question des changements climatiques et leurs impacts. En termes d’impacts, les pays qui les subiront le plus, sont les plus pauvres. En effet, ces pays sont déjà dans un état de fragilité que les changements climatiques contribueront à aggraver. Pour certains auteurs, pour que les efforts en termes d’adaptation soient concluant, il faut s’intéresser non pas aux impacts des changements climatiques en tant que tel, mais plutôt, aux impacts qu’ils ont sur ce qui a de la valeur pour les communautés qui les vivent. En effet, si les perceptions du bien-être déterminent les choix en matière de stratégie de subsistance par les individus et les ménages, et donc leurs priorités, les perceptions de la vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques détermineront les choix et les attitudes face aux changements dans le milieu. Cela est d’autant plus vrai dans le cas des pays en développement où le rapport à la nature revêt des aspects spirituels, psychologiques et culturels; sans oublier son rôle dans les activités de subsistance. Une grande partie de la population de ces pays dépendent de l’agriculture pour leur subsistance; et ces activités sont la plupart du temps dépendantes du climat. Haïti, pays insulaire, fortement exposé aux catastrophes climatiques, pauvre et dépendant de l’agriculture mérite une attention particulière. Cette étude vise à développer un cadre méthodologique qui permette d’analyser la question de la vulnérabilité aux changements sous différents aspects, à l’aide du cas du bassin versant de l’Artibonite. Elle part du constat que la plupart des études réalisées sur les changements climatiques dans le monde et en Haïti en particulier adoptent une approche descendante (peu holistique) et manquent surtout de considérer les aspects subjectifs, pourtant importants, que sont les perceptions des perceptions des personnes concernées par les changements. Cette recherche a utilisé une approche intégrée qui a tenu compte de l’échelle du locale (individus et ménages) que du régional (arrondissement); de données subjectives (perceptions) que de données plus « objectives ». Les méthodes de recherche utilisées sont les entrevues individuelles dirigées et non-dirigées, des entrevues de groupe non-dirigées, des guides d’entrevue et des questionnaires, ainsi que l’analyse statistique. Ainsi, elle a permis de montrer que la question des changements climatiques ne fait pas forcément partie des priorités des populations du bassin versant de l’Artibonite, contrairement à ce qu’on pourrait préjuger. Pourtant elles sont exposées aux changements et constatent des changements dans leur environnement. Elles n’attribuent pas forcément ces changements aux changements climatiques et cela se traduit par la quasi-inexistence de stratégies d’adaptation. Cependant, quand le lien est établi, elles décrivent avec précision les changements qu’elles vivent et identifient les facteurs qui selon elles influencent leur vulnérabilité. Ces facteurs sont le statut socio-économique, le clivage urbain/rural, le manque d’accès à certains biens et services. Tout cela rejoint les résultats issus du calcul d’un indice de vulnérabilité calculé de façon plus objective et à une échelle plus macro. La conclusion est que, pour que les efforts d’adaptation puissent être efficaces, il est important de tenir compte de ce qui importe le plus pour les populations concernées. Plus concrètement, il s’agira d’impliquer ces dernières dans les recherches visant à trouver des solutions à leurs problèmes et de se baser sur les ressources locales pour appliquer les solutions qui auraient été trouvées. De plus, dans un tel contexte de pauvreté, il est nécessaire que tout projet ou programme d’adaptation intègre le double objectif de réduction de la pauvreté et d’adaptation aux changements climatiques. Mots clés : eau, perceptions, représentations sociales, développement local, changements climatiques, vulnérabilité, vulnérabilité sociale, systèmes et moyens de subsistance, théorisation ancrée, SOLAP, bassin versant de l’Artibonite, Haïti et île d’Hispaniola.
For several years, countries around the world have been concerned about climate change and its impacts. In terms of impact, the countries that will suffer the most are the poorest. Indeed, these countries are already in a fragile state that climate change will contribute to worsen. According to some authors, that the efforts in terms of adaptation to be successful, we need to look not to the impacts of climate change as such, but rather, the impacts they have on what has value to communities lives. If perceptions of well-being determine individual and household livelihood choices and hence their priorities, perceptions of vulnerability to climate change will determine choices and attitudes to changes in the environment. This is especially true in developing countries where the relationship with nature is of spiritual, psychological and cultural; not to mention its role in subsistence activities. Much of the population of these countries depend on agriculture for their livelihoods; and these activities are most of time, climate dependent. Haiti, an island country, highly exposed to climate disasters, poor and dependent on agriculture deserves special attention. This study aims to develop a methodological framework to analyze the issue of vulnerability to changes in different aspects, using the case of the watershed of the Artibonite in Haïti. It starts from the observation that most of the studies on climate change in the world, and Haiti in particular, adopt a top-down and sectorial-based approach, and lack considering subjective aspects, yet important, as are the perceptions of people affected by the changes. This research used an integrated approach that took into account as much local (individuals and households) as regional; subjective data (perceptions) "objective" data. The research methods used are non-directed individual interviews and focus-group, and directed individual interviews. Thus, it has shown that the issue of climate change is not necessarily part of the watershed of the Artibonite population priorities, contrary to what one might anticipate. Yet, they are exposed to changes and experience changes in their environment. They do not necessarily attribute these changes to climate change and this is reflected in the virtual absence of adaptation strategies. However, when the link is established, they accurately describe the changes they live and identify which factors influence their vulnerability. These factors include socioeconomic status, urban / rural divide, lack of access to certain goods and services. All this joined the results from the social vulnerability index calculated more objectively and more at a regional scale. The conclusion is that, for adaptation efforts to be effective, it is important to consider what matters most to the people. More specifically, they should be involved in any research which aim to find solutions to their problems and; the implementation of any adaptation or coping strategy must rely on local resources. Moreover, in such a context of poverty, it is necessary that any adaptation project or program should integrate the dual objective of poverty reduction and adaptation to climate change. Keywords: water, perceptions, social representations, local development, climate change, vulnerability, social vulnerability, livelihoods, grounded theory, SOLAP, Artibonite watershed, Haiti and Hispaniola.
For several years, countries around the world have been concerned about climate change and its impacts. In terms of impact, the countries that will suffer the most are the poorest. Indeed, these countries are already in a fragile state that climate change will contribute to worsen. According to some authors, that the efforts in terms of adaptation to be successful, we need to look not to the impacts of climate change as such, but rather, the impacts they have on what has value to communities lives. If perceptions of well-being determine individual and household livelihood choices and hence their priorities, perceptions of vulnerability to climate change will determine choices and attitudes to changes in the environment. This is especially true in developing countries where the relationship with nature is of spiritual, psychological and cultural; not to mention its role in subsistence activities. Much of the population of these countries depend on agriculture for their livelihoods; and these activities are most of time, climate dependent. Haiti, an island country, highly exposed to climate disasters, poor and dependent on agriculture deserves special attention. This study aims to develop a methodological framework to analyze the issue of vulnerability to changes in different aspects, using the case of the watershed of the Artibonite in Haïti. It starts from the observation that most of the studies on climate change in the world, and Haiti in particular, adopt a top-down and sectorial-based approach, and lack considering subjective aspects, yet important, as are the perceptions of people affected by the changes. This research used an integrated approach that took into account as much local (individuals and households) as regional; subjective data (perceptions) "objective" data. The research methods used are non-directed individual interviews and focus-group, and directed individual interviews. Thus, it has shown that the issue of climate change is not necessarily part of the watershed of the Artibonite population priorities, contrary to what one might anticipate. Yet, they are exposed to changes and experience changes in their environment. They do not necessarily attribute these changes to climate change and this is reflected in the virtual absence of adaptation strategies. However, when the link is established, they accurately describe the changes they live and identify which factors influence their vulnerability. These factors include socioeconomic status, urban / rural divide, lack of access to certain goods and services. All this joined the results from the social vulnerability index calculated more objectively and more at a regional scale. The conclusion is that, for adaptation efforts to be effective, it is important to consider what matters most to the people. More specifically, they should be involved in any research which aim to find solutions to their problems and; the implementation of any adaptation or coping strategy must rely on local resources. Moreover, in such a context of poverty, it is necessary that any adaptation project or program should integrate the dual objective of poverty reduction and adaptation to climate change. Keywords: water, perceptions, social representations, local development, climate change, vulnerability, social vulnerability, livelihoods, grounded theory, SOLAP, Artibonite watershed, Haiti and Hispaniola.
Bisson, Brieuc. „Au-delà de l’urbanité : une approche géopsychologique du sentiment d’urbanité“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegarding the process of metropolisation and densification of urban areas, what sense should urbanity have from individuals’ point of view ? This PhD dissertation proposes a framework based on the individual dimension of relationships with the city. We focus on what we define as the « sense of urbanity », namely the emotional and cognitive state of an individual characterizing his relationship to urban spaces and/or the city. This state is variable and relative according to individuals components : individual urban practices, past residential journeys, space capital and individual representations of the city. In order to understand how this sense of urbanity is built at the individual scale, we opted for a two-step methodology based on commented photo trails and on an online questionnaire. This work highlights three levels in the way that individuals build their sense of urbanity : a collective level widely shared by individuals, a social level related to the social group (social belonging, generational belonging) and a level based on the individual experiences of the city. Through a comprehensive approach, this PhD dissertation proposes to compare established categories (city, urban) to the living word in order to build definitions and theoretical categories enriched with lived or perceived individual realities. This also comes down to answering the question what is urban in a fragmented urban world?
Ollion, Charles. „Emergence of internal representations in evolutionary robotics : influence of multiple selective pressures“. Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCormier, Laure. „Les Trames vertes : entre discours et matérialités, quelles réalités?“ Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGingras, Mathieu. „Le rôle des représentations dans les projets de mise en valeur des rivières du Québec : les enjeux de l'implantation de la filière de la petite production hydroélectrique sur la rivière Batiscan“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24714/24714.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the beginning of 1990s, to meet objectives of regional development and maximization of the hydroelectric production, the government of Quebec adopted energy policies aiming to retrofit and construct small power stations by independent producers. To ensure their profitability, small power stations must be built close to existent energy transport networks and consumption places. Moreover, they are often located where the rivers are banked or present important falls. These sites are situated near or in the heart of inhabited and attended places, notably for recreotouristic purposes. Furthermore, these falls and landscapes are symbols of identity and have territorial significance for the local communities. This situation inevitably generated river-use conflicts where many perceptions of the management and the development of the rivers are in opposition. To make an in-depth analysis of this problem, we made a case study concerning the Batiscan river (Mauricie), where promoters considered the construction of three small hydroelectric power stations (1987-1990). Using 15 semi-directed talks and through a review of five daily newspapers (1990-2007), we analyzed the speech of the actors, in order to understand the strategic role and the evolution of the territorial representations of those concerned with the projects of small hydroelectric power stations. This study shows that the promoters of the small hydroelectric power stations perceive this type of development of the river as being a type of regional development which would make it possible to generate substantial economic repercussions for host territories. On the other hand, the opponents, gathered within citizen committees to obtain the abandonment of the projects. Their speech conveys the representation that the realization of the hydroelectric power stations on the Batiscan river goes against the concept of common good and would undermine the landscape, the environmental integrity of the river and the recreotouristic development of the area. By a process of collective reappropriation and valorization of the elements of the territory having a strong patrimonial and identity value, those sought to work out and implement alternative projects which would make it possible to counter the projects of small hydroelectric power stations and to guarantee the protection of the inherent characteristics of the river.
Villain, Milo. „Les défenseurs de l'océan Atlantique : des écologistes sans frontières“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on a comparative study, this thesis seeks to understand why some environmental activists have engaged in the defense of the Atlantic Ocean. In order to provide a better understanding of the reasons for their activism, the investigation, conducted in the southern Gulf of Biscay and the Northern Sea of Patagonia, tends to focus more specifically on the logics of action implemented by these “ocean environmentalists”. This work is thus structured to explore the environmentalists’subjectivity in order to identify their principal motivations to get involved, and to grasp their activist experience, while identifying certain representations of their relationship to the world and especially to the ocean
A partir de un estudio comparativo, esta tesis trata de entender por qué algunos militantes ecológicos actúan en defensa del océano. Con el objetivo de comprender las razones por las cuales estos militantes del océano se movilizan, la investigación realizada al sur del Golfo de Vizcaya y al norte del Mar Patagónico tiende más precisamente a identificar las lógicas de acción de los "ecologistas oceánicos" en el Océano Atlántico. Este trabajo pretende entonces adentrarse en la subjetividad de los militantes ecológicos, para reportar sus principales motivaciones de acción, entender su experiencia militante y destacar así algunas representaciones generales de su relación al mundo y en particular al océano
Ollion, Charles. „Emergence of internal representations in evolutionary robotics : influence of multiple selective pressures“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHagel, Zoé. „Ville durable : Des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d'une fabrique urbaine. Marseille ou l'exemple d'une ville méditerranéenne“. Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGueben-Veniere, Servane. „Vers une gestion renouvelée du littoral nord-ouest européen : des ingénieurs néerlandais, anglais et français de plus en plus "verts" ?“ Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010619/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhether Dutch, English or French, civil engineers have long been a recognized authority on coastal management. Through their relentless search for technical innovations, engineers have been instrumental in both shaping the coast – in the case of the Netherlands creating it almost entirely – and imposing on it a technical vision. The social and ecological movement which characterized the 1970’s brought this engineering vision into question. This change in outlook would create real turmoil for the profession. This comparative study attempts to explain how nowadays engineers envision the coast they manage and how, in collaboration with other scientists, they now derive innovative solutions in line with an integrated coastal management. It appears that the classical opposition, between a vision long imputed to engineers of a static and linear coast and one attributed to other scientists who view the coast as something larger and more systemic, has become blurred. Cultural differences between the three countries are more relevant to explain the differences observed. Into the bargain engineers seem to have overtaken the “green” movement of the last decades to seize new opportunities, professional ones as well as territorial
Of ze nu Nederlands, Engels of Frans zijn, de waterbouwers zijn autoriteit als het aankomt op het beheren van de kust. Met hun niet aflatende zoektocht naar innovatieve technieken hebben ze een bijdrage geleverd aan het vormen van de kustlijn – of om het even welke deel van Nederland dan ook – en hebben ze de kustlijn gevormd op een technocratische wijze. De ecologische en sociale omwenteling, kenmerkend voor de jaren ’70, heeft vraagtekens gezet bij deze, door ingenieurs opgelegde, visie en veroorzaakte een serieuze omwenteling in het vakgebied. Deze studie probeert uit te leggen hoe de ingenieur vandaag de dag de kust behartigt en hij hoe tegenwoordig in overleg met andere wetenschappen nieuwe oplossingen ontwikkelt die in lijn zijn met een integraal kustbeheer. Het blijkt dat het onderscheid tussen de rechtlijnige en statische visie over de kust, lang toegeschreven aan ingenieurs, en de bredere en systematische aanpak, over het algemeen toegeschreven aan andere wetenschappers, vervaagt. Culturele verschillen tussen de drie landen lijken een belangrijkere reden te zijn voor de geconstateerde ontwikkelingen. Daarnaast lijken de ingenieurs zich de "groene" kennis in de afgelopen decennia eigen gemaakt te hebben om nieuwe kansen te grijpen, zowel voor hun vak als voor hun omgeving
Rivière, Mylène. „Les (dé)connexions du développement : ethno-géographie systémique de l'aide au développement et à la conservation forestière à Amindrabe, Madagascar“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is based on the observation of a dysfunction in aid for development and conservation. Since the 1980s and despite the succession of aid strategies, the results are often unsatisfactory, mediocre or even contrary to the desired effects. To understand this phenomenon, we begin in a forest territory, Amindrabe, located in the Central-East of Madagascar. By focusing on this territory, its inhabitants and the aid programs that target it, we gradually become aware of the underlying logic of this global development system: what is actually happening there? How is it organized? Why do these dynamics go on despite disappointing effects? The singularity of our proposal is to detach ourselves from the overhanging literature to start with the perceived experiences of the inhabitants and the bearers of the programs. This empirical and qualitative analysis leads us to take a critical look at the founding beliefs of aid strategies. We highlight a hierarchical and compartmentalized organization in different spheres: disconnected from each other and disconnected from the local reality. The beliefs, illusions and interests of each actor contribute to reinforce the incomprehension between spheres and to divert the actions from the initial objectives by a process that repeats itself. By anatomizing a particular actor system, its worlds and its dynamics from local to global, we invite the reader to a dive beyond these incomprehensions
Boccarossa, Alexandra. „Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Havard, Leïla. „Gouvernance des aires protégées marines et côtières. L'exemple du golfe de Californie (Basse Californie Sud, Mexique) : acteurs et territoires“. Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0069/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarine and Coastal Protected Areas (MCPAs), as an activity-based management tool, were established aiming to face biodiversity loss. Over the past few decades, the participation of different stakeholders involved in the creation and the management of MCPAs is widely encouraged, in order that these conservation projects may last over time and produce the expected results. This research work focuses on MCPAs localized in the southern Gulf of California, an area where various issues (conservation, fishing and tourism) are concentrated. The qualitative approach, as regards governmental documents, has been selected to carry out this thesis related to MCPAs governance. MCPAs governance needs to identify stakeholders, their interactions and their relations with the MCPA, as well as the study of stakeholder representations linked to this area. These protected areas, the creation of which has been supported and initiated by local actors, are managed by a decentralized government agency, the National Commission of Natural Protected Areas (CONANP). However, concerning the decisional processes and the management of protected areas, the frontier between the role of the CONANP and these forms of environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is sometimes fuzzy. These actors interact at different geographical scales (from local to global). The implementation of participative processes that involve local populations is supported by the CONANP and environmental NGOs. Nevertheless, these initiatives have not always taken into account the entire local population
Las Áreas Protegidas Marinas y Costeras (APMC), como herramienta de manejo de los usos, fueron establecidas para hacer frente a la erosión de la biodiversidad. Desde hace algunas décadas, la participación de los distintos actores interesados por la creación y el manejo de las APMC es ampliamente promovida para que los proyectos de conservación perduren en el tiempo y produzcan los resultados esperados. Esta tesis se focaliza en las APMC localizadas en el suroeste del Golfo de California, espacio donde se concentran diferentes desafíos (conservación, pesca y turismo). El método cualitativo, contrastado con documentos del gobierno, fue elegido para realizar esta tesis acerca de la gobernanza de las APMC. El análisis de la gobernanza necesita la identificación de las partes interesadas, de sus interacciones y de sus relaciones con el APMC, así como del estudio de las representaciones de los actores en cuanto a ese espacio. Estas áreas protegidas, cuya creación fue sostenida e iniciada por actores locales, son manejadas por un organismo desconcentrado del Estado, la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP). Sin embargo, en cuanto a la toma de decisiones y los procesos de manejo de las áreas protegidas, los límites entre el papel de la CONANP y el de las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) ambientales son algunas veces ambiguos. Esos actores interactúan en el interfaz entre diferentes escalas geográficas (del local al global). El establecimiento de procesos participativos que incluyen a la población local es fomentado tanto por la CONANP como por las ONG ambientales. No obstante, esas iniciativas, a veces han marginalizado una parte de la población local
Boccarossa, Alexandra. „Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2018theseBoccarossaA.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Russo, Eleonora. „L'Union européenne et le changement climatique : aspects juridiques“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the last fifty years, climate change has acquired a political and a legal dimension. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty included combating climate change among the objectives of the European Union’s international environmental policy, demonstrating the will of the EU to play a leading global role in this domain. This thesis studies the development of the fight against climate change in EU law. In Part I we analyse European ambitions within the framework of international negotiations, where climate governance originally emerged. Then, we examine the European system of competence in order to better understand whether or not it actually serves as the most effective approach to tackling climate change issues. Part II concerns the implementation of the EU climate change policy. Here, we present its main instruments, i.e. the climate and energy package, and examine the mechanisms that the EU uses to give coherence to this cross-cutting policy and influence global climate action by way of internal measures taken. Our analysis furthers the understanding of European contributions, both past and present, to the construction of effective international climate governance. Moreover, the subject of climate change, a major global challenge with an array of specific characteristics, provides us with a privileged point of view to examine several dynamics of the construction of European integration
Russo, Eleonora. „L'Union européenne et le changement climatique : aspects juridiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the last fifty years, climate change has acquired a political and a legal dimension. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty included combating climate change among the objectives of the European Union’s international environmental policy, demonstrating the will of the EU to play a leading global role in this domain. This thesis studies the development of the fight against climate change in EU law. In Part I we analyse European ambitions within the framework of international negotiations, where climate governance originally emerged. Then, we examine the European system of competence in order to better understand whether or not it actually serves as the most effective approach to tackling climate change issues. Part II concerns the implementation of the EU climate change policy. Here, we present its main instruments, i.e. the climate and energy package, and examine the mechanisms that the EU uses to give coherence to this cross-cutting policy and influence global climate action by way of internal measures taken. Our analysis furthers the understanding of European contributions, both past and present, to the construction of effective international climate governance. Moreover, the subject of climate change, a major global challenge with an array of specific characteristics, provides us with a privileged point of view to examine several dynamics of the construction of European integration
Pham, Thanh Hai. „Les migrations internes au Viêtnam et leur impact sur l'environnement“. Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6527.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhumeur, Marie-Élaine. „Différences développementales et de genre dans les représentations internes des dénouements d'événements“. Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4897/1/D2329.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAudet, Émilie. „L'évaluation du rôle des modèles opérationnels internes de l'enfant dans la transmission intergénérationnelle de l'anxiété chez de jeunes enfants“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7867.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorin, Nathalie. „Le rapport à l'eau chez les cégépiens : représentations et agir“. Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4890/1/M12343.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrousseau, Marie-Hélène. „Étude des représentations sociales de la gestion de l'eau, de ses enjeux ainsi que des pratiques d'acteurs participant à un programme d'éducation communautaire sur les algues bleues“. Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5068/1/M12563.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSteenberghe, Étienne van. „Les représentations sociales des liens entre la santé et l'environnement : vers des pratiques éducatives appropriées en matière de santé environnementale auprès de populations défavorisées en milieu urbain“. Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5150/1/D2379.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollard-Fortin, Ugo. „Éducation relative à l'environnement (ERE) : une étude des représentations sociales et des pratiques éducatives d'enseignants de science et technologie du secondaire en contexte de formation continue“. Thèse, 2013. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2763/1/030586190.pdf.
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