Dissertationen zum Thema „Représentation de l'action et du changement“
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Perret, Véronique. „Les difficultés de l'action intentionnelle de changement : dualité de l'action et ambivalence des représentations“. Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganizational change is a major issue as well as a major problem for organizations. Having progresses from a static mode of reasoning to a dynamic and process-based approach, organizational study has placed change at the center of debate and deliberate change at the center of the problem. The literary revue puts forward 4 models of change : the cyclical model, the managerial model ; and the learning model. The aim of this thesis can be summed up in the following question : what is the nature of and what are the difficulties with deliberate organizational change ? In order to respond to these questions. This work intends to explore, through a qualitative methodology (an in depth case-study) the complex links between deliberate acts of change and potential context in tangible and intangible dimensions. The prominence of a fundamental ambivalence in the representations of those face to face with change leads us to question the dichotomy models (separating acts from context, change from stability) developed by the classical approaches to change. Taking into account ambivalence as an explanatory from of reasoning is followed by, in the last section of the thesis, a presentation of a dual model of intentional acts of change resting on a demarcation logic relative to the context of the action and, at the same time, on a supporting logic for the context of the action. This demarcation supporting model fits in with a conception of organization as a complex, socially-constructed system and leads to a view of deliberate acts of change as acts both outside and inside an organized system
Sarmiento, Lozano Camilo. „Formalisation des raisonnements éthiques : modélisation des processus en éthique et modélisation, représentation et automatisation du raisonnement causal“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is in the field of computational ethics, which aims to formalise ethical reasoning. In other words, this work is part of the field that seeks to emulate our capacity as rational beings to morally evaluate an action. The formalisation of this reasoning has two objectives: to better understand it and to integrate it into computer systems to ensure that decisions made comply with chosen moral principles.This thesis makes a contribution to the field in two ways. Firstly, it proposes a common framework for formalising faithfully the most common moral principles in Western philosophy. This first contribution can be summarised as 'modelling ethical processes'. The second set of contributions pertains to the proposal for formalising causal reasoning. This formalisation not only enhances our comprehension of this reasoning but also enables its integration into computer systems, facilitating the establishment of complex causal relationships. This capability is crucial for formalising a wide range of moral principles. To ensure that our proposal can formalise all these moral principles, we have designed it to satisfy a number of conditions. Firstly, our formalisation is based on a formalism that explicitly addresses the subtleties of problems related to both causal and ethical reasoning. Secondly, our formalism's definition of causality free of any confusion with the notion of responsibility. Otherwise, it would not be common to formalise all moral principles. Finally, our proposal can handle all causal cases, including the most complex. The second group of contributions focuses on 'modelling, representing and automating causal reasoning'. The main contributions of this thesis belong to this second group
Sturma, Aude. „Les défis de l'assainissement à Mayotte : dynamiques de changement social et effets pervers de l'action publique“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis highlights the difficulties of implementing the policywater and sanitation in Mayotte since the late 2000s, on the bottom of departmentalization. It studies the interactions between social vulnerabilities, policies, and institutional forms that determine the action, the progress and effectiveness of this policy in Mayotte. Based on a research methodology that is both classic (interviews and questionnaires) and original (multi-agent simulation), it successively analyzes the practices and the social representations of the environment, water and sanitation in Mayotte, the fragility of the broader institutional (State and Union waters) for the implementation of public policy and, finally, the political capacity of local officials to be territorial relay sovereign normative requirements. It highlights the strength of traditional modes of organization and some Mayotte cultural foundations to organizational changes initiated "from above" and the genesis of a process of social vulnerabilization related to the same terms of public policy
Villareal, Axel. „L'industrie automobile à l'épreuve des voitures électriques : entre changement et continuité“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0398/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to generate knowledge upon change within contemporary industries and apply tools from political science to the analysis of the economy. Through the case study of the electric car market, the focus is on the causes of the transformation of the automobile industry. The central claim made is that the social construction of the electric car market between 2008 and 2013, did not produce the “Revolution” announced by the actors involved in this industry. On the contrary, it has facilitated the reproduction of existing industrial structures and hierarchies. To demonstrate this claim, the thesis has sought to understand how the issue of the development of electric cars has been elevated to the status of public problem by several States around the world. From there, we then sought to discover how this “problem” has become a consensual strategic framework for automakers and a key issue within the automobile industry. Throughout this research, we highlight the impact of beliefs and collective representations upon economic activity, and deconstructed the myth of the “Second Automobile Revolution”. Furthermore, our work shows that political science, specifically the sociology of public action, can supply heuristic analytical tools and practical answers to the understanding of contemporary industries and capitalism. This thesis is thus a contribution to questions asked by sociologists, economists and political scientists about economic change
Morel, Pierre. „Représentation et gestion de l'incertitude pour l'action“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925848.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCognet, Michel. „Représentation de Weil et changement de base quadratique“. Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarreras, Ophélie. „Représentation temporelle et ajustement de l'action à la dynamique de l'environnement“. Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLenga, Serge-Didier. „Une approche conventionnaliste de l'innovation organisationnelle : représentation, construction et cohérence“. Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSakurai, Haruhiko. „Représentation et Intentionnalité“. Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research refers within the philosophical framework in order to analyse and to reflect about the conscious functionality and its effects on our behaviour, on our thinking mode to know the external world by means of the representation and of the conscious act which aim the object, which can let appear the object to the conscience. The objective is to give some consistence to the perceptive act and to the fact in which we have the conscience of this perceptive act and of the perceived object, by analysis of the internal activities of the perception and the conscience, that’s to say the knowledge, the memory, the belief, the attention and logic, reflexive activities…etc. in parallel by observation of the “conscious” “objective” functionality in a neuropsycho-physiological perspective. The central hypothesis is to aim the both notions, representation and intentionnality which mark the formal profile and the functionality of the “conscience”, which finally figure out the problems of the understanding mode about the existential, scientific world made by theorisations of the belief carried out by the empirical method and by the perceptual , conceptual capture of the world
Doukari, Omar. „Changement de croyances local et application à l'information spatiale“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen facing uncertain, incomplete and inaccurate information, we need a belief change operation in order to manage the belief evolution in presence of new information. The problem of belief change, in general, is known as a NP-difficult one, and there does not exist an efficient algorithm that can process huge amount of data. To circumvent this problem, we are interested in local belief change operations, namely local belief revision, local belief contraction, and local belief expansion operations. A new model -the C-structure model- for belief representation and local belief revision is proposed. A C-structure represents a thematic view of the overall knowledge of an agent with a good understanding of the interactions between topics. Hence, it provides the agent with an extra-structure, which helps circumscribing the relevant part of beliefs during a revision operation. Then, four local belief change operators are defined, based on the C-structure model : one for local expansion, one for local contraction, and two for local belief revision, internal and external ones. The contraction and revision operators are proved sound and complete by comparing them to traditional non local belief change operators. Local belief revision based on the C-structure model is characterized semantically ; first, in the special case of fully overlapping theories, then in the general case of arbitrary theories. Finally, the spatial information is considered : it provides an interesting application to the C-structure model and the associated revision operations. A new model -the G-structure model- is defined. Then, a new local belief revision approach, based on the G-structure model, is proposed and compared to the REM approach which is based on the Reiter algorithm for diagnosis
Bouaziz, Serge. „Perception, représentation et planification de l'action dans l'organisation syntaxique de l'exécution de dessins complexes“. Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/bouaziz_s.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabruyère, Nelly. „Approche neuropsychologique de l'autisme infantile : entre théorie de l'action et théorie de l'esprit“. Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/labruyere_n.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism is an early pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe difficulties in social interactions, communication and regulation of activities. An attempt to explain these behavioural disturbances has been made by the hypothesis of a primary cognitive deficit. This deficit was supposed to be focused either on a theory of mind mechanism responsible of the understanding and the attribution of mental states to oneself and to others, or on executive functions defined as a complex set of cognitive processes underlying the planning, the monitoring and the execution of actions and thoughts. First we present the theoretical, developmental and neurobiological foundations of theory of mind and executive functions. Secondly we specify the main findings in favour of their disruption in autism and consider the limits and the possible relations between these two functions. This leads us to hypothesize that both theory of mind and executive functions may depend on the early development of mechanisms involved in action perception and action representation. To test this hypothesis, we elaborated two experimental paradigms: the first one assesses the abilities in arranging sequences of goal-directed actions and the second one tests the perception of sequences of goal-directed actions. These devices were based on the premise that the representations of action are organized in a complex hierarchical structure monitoring the execution and the planning of our own activities as well as the perception of the actions of other people. The results show that the autistic subjects have difficulties in the conceptual organization of action knowledge especially that associated with object function and with the elaboration of temporal and causal links between the different stages necessary to the achievement of a goal. Consequently, deficits in theory of mind and executive functions observed in autism could result from a more fundamental and low level disorder disturbing the processes of perception and representation of the goal-directed structure of movements, acts and more complex actions
Caridroit, Thomas. „Changement de croyances et logiques modales“. Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0402/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelief change is about finding appropriate ways to evolve an agent's beliefs when confronted with new pieces of information. In most works on belief revision, the set of beliefs of an agent is composed of beliefs about the environment (the world) and is represented by a set of formulas of classical logic. In many applications, an agent is not alone in the environment, but sharing with other agents, which also have beliefs. Thus beliefs about the beliefs of other agents are an important piece of information for the agent in order to be able to make the best decisions and perform the best actions. The use of beliefs about the beliefs of other agents is, for exampel, crucial in game theory. In this thesis, we first study the operators of propositional contraction corresponding to the revision operators proposed by Katsuno and Mendelzon. Then, we study a connection between epistemic logics and belief change theory, close to the AGM approach. We are interested in the use of operators that modify agent beliefs in standard KD45n models. This task is more complicated than in the standard AGM framework because, in a multi-agent context, new information can take different forms. For example, each new information can be observed/transmitted/available to all agents or only some of them
Piana, Daniela. „Formes de la rationalité et changement social : pour une théorie cognitiviste de la rationalité“. Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoparnot, Richard. „L'approche stratégique du changement opérationnel : la maîtrise des compétences clés et l'opportunité de l'action intentionnelle“. Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChange management is an administrative invariant. However, all reforms destabilise organizations. Currently, to explain the phenomenon, the theoretical approaches seem to be somewhat limited; they can be characterised by a weak consensus. For some authors, change is led, for others it is, at best, prepared for. The identification of capacities for successfully managing change is fundamental. How can we explain the aptitude for successful reform? Our research plan leads us to confront our hypotheses to the empirical realities found through investigations of an exemplary case-study; that of the Renault group. Our results allow us to put forward a model of capacities for managing change articulated around three key dimensions of transformational capabilities. Change management comes within the scope of a new perspective, that of timelessness. It offers the identification and the construction of aptitudes for successful change in order that future challenges can be taken up whilst limiting the difficulties
Lugardon, Valérie. „Sur les fondements de la notion de dépendance et de son application à la théorie de l'action“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfoutni, Zoubida. „Un modèle multi-agents pour la représentation de l'action située basé sur l'affordance et la stigmergie“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimulation modelling of complex systems nowadays is an ideal solution to get a good understanding of these systems. In effect, compared with real experiments in the field of studies considered, virtual experiments allow one to quickly answer questions about these systems and provide solutions within a delay well adapted to their actual context. This thesis deals with the issue of human action representation, accounting with its temporal and spatial dimensions at individual and collective levels. This question has already been addressed in the field of Artificial intelligence in general and in the one of Agricultural systems in particular, the latter being the application domain of this thesis. The models proposed to date were mainly based upon the theory of planned action, explicitly accounting with the temporal dimension of action only. The main limits of these models lie in their complexity, because the ability to predict all future changes in actors' behaviors is far too difficult. This difficulty leads to the need of frequently re-planning the course of actions in order to get consistent results. The second drawback lies in the discrepancy that may arise between the results of simulated actions and actual observations. In effect, real actors do not realize systematically the actions they forecast according to the situations they actually encounter. In order to overcome the limits of planning models, we developed a model of human action based on the theory of situated action. Action is there viewed as a process endowed with a temporal thickness and emerging from the situations created by the interaction, through time and space, between the actor and its environment. Our model combines the concepts of affordance and stigmergy as well as the notion of emergence. Therefore we propose a multi-agents system within which space is explicitly represented and partitioned into a set of “places”. The control of each place is left to an abstract agent standing for an observer capable of detecting the affordances occurring on its place and trigger appropriate actions. Actors as well as passive objects are represented as “environmental entities”. These entities carry information about their capacity of performing or undergoing actions. This information allows the agents to detect affordances thanks to the meta-knowledge they hold. Once detected, these affordances are reified in the environment to be used to determine the action that will eventually be executed. Coordination of actions, at the collective level, is performed through stigmergy: the agents communicate implicitly between them using a set of marks as a metaphor of pheromons in ant colonies. To prove the relevance of the proposed model, a software prototype, applied to the domain of agricultural production systems, has been implemented with the simulation platform AnyLogic
Douillet, Anne-Cécile. „Action publique et territoire : le changement de l'action publique au regard des politiques de développement territorial“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DENS0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKrylova, Eléna. „Le changement temporel de la représentation de soi et de la représentation de l'autre dans les annonces matrimoniales : une comparaison interculturelle Russie-France“. Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDating advertisements having greathly increased are a reliable source of material for social sciences research studies. Through the presentation of the self and the descritpion of the other appearing in the advertisements the dominant models of feminity and masculinity emerge. In our research we compared the advertisements published intwo different societies (russian and french) at two different times (1994 and 1997). The principal results of our study show that the way in which the advertiser describes himself as an individual and the way in which he describes the sexual roles are shaped by the models which the society puts at his disposal. In this manner, the individual tries to create the best impression for the other by reproducing the socially enhanced model. We also illustrate that the radical social change necessarily causes a transformation in the images of the sexual roles and this is particulary flagrant in the portrayal of the female
Chatillon, Jean-Francis. „La régulation représentative des actes complexes : hypothèses et expériences“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComplex and heterogeneous mechanisms are involved in the organisation and control of action. In order to study them it is necessary a) to distinguish different classes of processes, b) to define how the latter coordinate and specify according to the task in view. After distingushing between representative and unrepresentative processes, precisions are given concerning their respective functions and the way they coordinate. For this, the subject is assimiled to a "machine" able to formulate to itself the result aimed at and to auto-organize for its achievement. Thus, action appears as the result of the coupling of two different functional systems : an action generator on the one hand, a project generator on the other hand. Working on-line under the pressure of directly perceived facts and or of their representation, the action generator induces the behaviour observed. Working on or off line, the project generator provides the action generator with representative references. These references, which are representative interpretations of the task in order to act, may vary from one subject to another (representation of the result or representation of the processus leading to this result). The global initial representation, must often be specified in relation to the task's characteristics. The fabrication experiments presented in this work demonstrate the existence of these different interpretations and make clear the conditions of their modifications as well as the consequences on
Rozakis, Dimitrios. „Poétique et philosophie de l'action : raisons et motifs à l'enseigne du roman réaliste“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work asls the question wether we should comprehend the novel's presentation of inner life in the terms provided by a philosophical traditions whose basis is the conceptual dissociation of "mental events" from the events of the external world. I studied Conrad's novel Lord Jim, which, instead of following the traditional criteria of poetic plausibility, associating causally character and action in a univocal manner, forges a new criterion which connects the agent's practical perspective to her/his visible behaviour, by retrieving and articulating the ties between the moral vocabulary that underlies this perspective and its hidden moral sources. The initial terms which the character in the novel comes to grips with moral dilemmas and conflictual loyalities can be modified, throughout the experience of reading. The novel' specific criterion of vraisemblance lies in the possibility to transform, through the unfolding of the plot, the initial meaning of the moral concepts which enter in the assessment of character and action
Konieczny, Sébastien. „Sur le logique du changement : révision et fusion de base de connaissance“. Lille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL10177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerrano, Claudia. „Femmes : changement culturel, identité et citoyenneté : étude de l'action collective des femmes sous la dictature militaire au Chili“. Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the 1980s, a collective action phenomenon took place among women of the middle and lower classes in chile. This did not attain the importance of a social movement, but was more like a kind of cultural movement in the sense that it represented a critique against traditionalism and a cry for modernization. The women's movement was a combination of specific gender identity, social integration and political representation. But these three elements were somewhat contradictory, achieving coherence only in the political sphere. The notions of identity and equality appeared to negate each other. No balance was possible : the women either entrenched themselves behind cultural aspects, severely criticizing the egalitarian perspective out of fear of co-optation of the feminist discourse by the politicians, or they marched decidedly into the political game, seeking to form part of the political class. The will to participate was stronger than the motion for a feminine specificity, so that in fact the women were closer to an alliance with the new governing elite than to an authentic modernizing cultural movement
Guardia, Dewi. „Représentation du corps et anorexie mentale : de l'intégration sensorielle à l'action : approche neurocognitive du phénomène de distorsion corporelle“. Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828513.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagand, Claire. „Influence de la représentation des processus nivaux sur l'hydrologie de la Durance et sa réponse au changement climatique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01027409.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuet-Gueye, Marie. „Représentation de l'éducation, du changement social et stratégies de scolarisation des enfants dans le contexte socioculturel du Sénégal“. Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is in keeping with the socio-cultural context of Senegal, a society so-called “in development”, where tradition and modernity are opposed. This cultural disparity is taking a huge place in the educational system. The Koranic school, which is a traditional institution, is opposed to the “modern school”, a remainder of the French settlement. Since 1990, this type of school is compulsory for every Senegalese children between 6 and 12 years old. Actually, only two third of those children goes to the so–called “modern school”. Our purpose is, first, to show how society and social change's representations, combined to child and education's representations guide parents educative strategies and their choice of school attendance. Secondly, we will evaluate the place of the educative experience for the construction of the child's identity and for the creation of a singular attitude towards society and social change. This will be done by focusing on the education and social change's representations. Those representations have been apprehended during half directive talks, accomplished with forty subjects (parents and Senegalese children) and put in evidence by a lexicometric analyse (Alceste software) and some cases' studies. Results are showing that, either for parents and children, important changes concerning representations of the society and of the social change are linked to school attendance's methods : for parents, we observe identities strategies to avoid conflicts of specific codes, linked to their choice of school attendance. For children, identities and particular relations to society and to changes are linked to their educative experiences
Wang, Chun Hui. „Représentations de Weil pour les groupes de similitudes et changement de base“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759639.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyễn, Vân Dung. „Représentation des rapports de politesse dans la littérature vietnamienne contemporaine : Ouvertures, clôtures et système d'adresse“. Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL393.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBordat, Élodie. „Les dynamiques du changement dans l'action publique : une analyse comparative historique des politiques culturelles mexicaine et argentine, 1983-2009“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1106/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow should we explain change in cultural policy in Mexico and Argentina? Through a comparative historical analysis, this thesis shows the emergence, institutionalization and evolution of the cultural sector's public policy in these two Latin American countries, from 1983 to 2009. It addresses the changes induced by processes of decentralization, transnationalization and the rise of the private sector (both profit and non-profit) in Mexican and Argentinean cultural policy. The central hypothesis is that dynamics of change in cultural policy may be understood by taking into account these two countries' socio-economic and political "contexts", and by drawing on four analytical dimensions: actors, cognitive representations, institutional frameworks and public policy instruments. This comparative study thus combines a neo-institutionalist and cognitive analysis of change
Brun, Gilles. „Changement organisationnel et relation de pouvoir : Pour une approche sociocognitive du dialogue social dans l’entreprise“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU2014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis relies heavily on the concept of "normative transformation of both innermost and social being ", transformations induced by changes in the economic and social environment to an exacerbation of individualism on the one hand referring to executives social and ideological and partly to the psyche of individuals often challenged by the turmoil transformational. Faced with this rapidly changing environment, this thesis describes, from a business case, the use of "marketing war" in the social sphere and considers the fragility and managing the optimal pace of learning the dynamics of a process of change. From the study of this research-action is deduced the potential importance of social cognitive mediation. An attempt to model the results concerning the interplay of interactions and feedbacks on multiple pathways of the future of individual freedom generated by the difficult process of subjectivation is added. The necessary development of sociocognitive mediation intra-company or inter-company is required to solve (purge) interpersonal conflicts and deploy otherness
Soulimant, Nina. „Faire face au changement et réinventer des îles“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750862.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThéveniaut-Muller, Martine. „Des inventeurs sociaux pour des territoires à vivre : bilan et perpective de trente ans d' une pratique de la recherche au service de l'action“. Paris, CNAM, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CNAM0593.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research is anchored in sociology, history and social psychology. It aims to develop an understanding through participative observation of the impact of intentional process in social change, and peoples’ connection to the area in which they chose to live. The reference to ‘oneself as another’ is claimed as a means to identify new paths to overcome resistance to change. The first part describes the renewal of socio-economic activity over a thirty-year period in the Aude (Languedoc-Roussillon, France) and the determining role of cultural creatives, of both native and adoptive origin, as testimony to the global emergence of new social actors. The second part examines the theoretical stakes of the paradigm change in social science: that of considering subjectivity as the cornerstone of the understanding of human activity. The two parts are interwoven to propose the conditions of “alterlocalisation”: a global change in the development model to create a locally viable one. The overall proposal is to renew the research-action approach, as a fruitful means of developing knowledge. The conclusions open perspectives for improving collective action by including human goals
Aimé, Isabelle. „L’impact des différentes stratégies de changement de nom de marque sur la représentation de la marque et l’attitude des consommateurs“. Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to understand the consumers’ attitude towards the brand names changes evolution through three distinct processes of changeovers: merging (co-branding between the initial and new brand), substitution (a new brand with the visual identity kept) or rupture process (both name and identity are new ones). More specifically, the social representation theory and Moliner’s bidimensional model are used to analyse the brand representation evolution and its impact on the new brand evaluation. The moderating effect of brand attachment, the perceived risk toward the product category, the purchase status of consumers toward the initial brand, the brand‘s products specificity and the change legitimacy are also studied. The research uses a before-after experimental design on three brands involved in a real name change situation and a 740 consumers sample (20-75 years old)
Bert, Nicolas. „Dissonance cognitive et transformation de la représentation sociale du sport : effets du changement de la signification d'un élément central sur les attitudes et les comportements“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe theory of commitment (Joule & Beauvois, 1998 ; Kiesler, 1971), combined with thetheory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957 ; Fointiat, Girandola, & Gosling, 2013),provides an experimental framework of observation and understanding of some social practiceeffects on the social representation dynamics (Abric, 1994 ; Flament, 1994 ; Guimelli, 1989).This work follows on from the research led in the area of the effects of forced doublecompliance (Joule, 1991) on the transformation of social representations (Renard, Bonardi,Roussiau, & Girandola, 2007). The aim of this thesis is more precisely to determine what typesof modification within the social representation of sport among nonathletic students are likelyto produce an impact on attitudes and behaviours, and to see whether those changes originatefrom some dissonance reduction processes. If the structural transformation of sport socialrepresentation produces an evolution on short-term attitudes, it seems that the modification ofa central element signification causes long-term attitudinal and behavioural changes. Thestudents who fulfilled two acts in a context of commitment (ie, free- choice) declare themselvesmore favorable and practise more sport than the participants in the control condition. Aninterpretation in terms of rationalisation is put forward
Bunlon, Frédérique. „Influence de l'expérience sensorimotrice sur la perception et représentation des actions d'autrui“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT5005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of present work was to better understand the mechanisms by which we represent our own actions and those of others. Within the frame of the ideomotor theory, we first examined these questions in relation to imitation. Our results indicated an effect of ideomotor learning on intentional imitation (Study 1), confirming the flexibility of perception-action links, and demonstrating the role of action-effect associations in imitation. However, automatic imitation was not influenced by this type of learning (Study 2), which may suggest different processes with less sensitivity to learning ideomotor learning. We then extended our research to joint-action tasks (Study 3). We showed that an ideomotor experience, where action execution triggered actions of a non-human agent, induced a subsequent co-representation of this agent's actions (as indexed by social Simon effect). Ideomotor experience therefore seems to influence also the way we represent the actions of others in task-sharing. This work confirms the ideomotor approach to perception and representation of others' actions
Boisseaux, Stéphane. „Le dispositif des appellations d'origine contrôlées et indications géographiques protégées en Suisse, 1990-2006 : de nouveaux pouvoirs aux interstices de l'action publique“. Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation deals with a public policy device : the "Protected designation of origin" (PDO) and "Protected geographical indications" (PGI), as they were established and enforced between 1990 and 2006 in Switzerland. Two main conceptual frames are activated in our analysis. First we refer to the so-called "référentiel" approach, as it was proposed by Bruno Jobert and Pierre Muller in the 1980s. We also use analytical approaches of governance as applied to public policies. We show that emerging policy networks operating through limited pluralism mechanisms and based on a common, cognitive expression of their members' interest can develop at the borders of existing institutional frames. Those networks foster a consistent although limited public action we analyse through introducing the notion of "interstitial policies"
Barthod-Prothade, Mireille. „L'acteur et le devenir du système“. Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe asked about what it means to take action in a small growing business: the increase in staff has had unintended effects on the organization and the resources mobilized in the interactions between employees and management. The theoretical basis of the actor and the future of the system relate to the transition from one level of organization to another level. This transition is neither in a deterministic or evolutionary perspective. The project of our doctoral work is to consider the mechanisms for self transformation of the organization by management skills. The central hypothesis of our research is that management skills in transforming the skills that transform the organization, transforming powers. We have developed a process of concurrent engineering and communication management skills and by the transformation of the organization. The demand for practitioners focused on carrying out a record of skills, the difficulty of the researcher was to explain to practitioners the discontinuity of the system and the need for the organization to change level. The practitioners engaged the power to achieve the targeted results when the purpose of the proposed details of skills. The maintenance guide as a result not anticipated when we began our approach in October 2005 to March 2007 in the company
Barlaam, Fanny. „Maturation et apprentissage du contrôle postural anticipé au cours de l'adolescence : expressions motrice et cérébrale“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4778.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVoluntary action requires an anticipation, which predicts the consequence of action on posture. Anticipation rests on action and body representations. Adolescence is characterized by body modifications and cerebral maturation. This thesis explored the link between the anticipatory function, action and body representations, and the cerebral maturation. The bimanual load-lifting task engages a postural arm, supporting the load, and a motor arm, lifting the load. In this task, the anticipation, expressed by anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) cancelled the destabilizing effect of movement on the posture. Kinematics, EMG and EEG were recorded. Although performances of postural stabilization were stable, APAs at the adolescence were characterized by an earlier latency of inhibition on the postural flexors. In adults, APA are expressed by a mu rhythm desynchronization and a positive wave over M1involved in posture, which presented different temporal characteristics in adolescents. Thus, the improvement of APA would be underlain by a maturation of these EEG activities. Learning a new postural control was characterized by a rapid followed by a slow improvement of the postural stabilisation. This acquisition rested on the mastering of the temporal parameters of the flexors inhibition, which took more time at the adolescence. Integration of proprioceptive feedback coming from action allowed an update of sensorimotor representation. Expressed by the mastering of the temporal parameters, the update of body and action representations at adolescence would imply an enhancement of the integration of proprioceptive information. Maturation of the cerebral areas would be a key element
Chauvin, Didier. „Communication organisationnelle et formation : essai d'une approche évolutionniste de trois études de cas“. Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor some twenty years, the managerial field has gone through an unprecedented crisis in the conception and application of its patterns of organizational efficiency. To our mind, one of the indications of that crisis would be perceptible in the evolution of devices and conditions of training. Supposing that the organizational communication would be a main factor in the processes of symbolic institution and recomposing of artefacts organizations, we tried to comprehend the relevance of our main hypothesis, that training would be the principal instrument of construction and recomposing of those new organizational methods, whose essential characteristic is to be managed by knowledge. From the three case-studies, we have built up some hypotheses that, in a weak evolutionist and selectional outlook, could clarify the question of training like device aiming to build up an environment to select the best practices, in a context of limited rationality. After those three case-studies, it turns out that training is in the centre of series of troubles among innovation, emergence, normative requirement, heteronomy, autonomy, checking, troubles related to artefacts organizations, but that grows in a context of knowledge economy. We have also concluded that the evolution of the statute and the conditions of training could express a managerial crisis, that shouldn't be of an epistemological type but that should rather come from praxeological one. Finally, the hypotheses and analyses developed as part of our work made us call some basic notions in question, in the field of information and communication knowledge (information, code, process, diffusion)
Bourdet, Catherine. „Contribution à la psychopathologie cognitive de schizophrénie : anomalies des interactions entre perception et représentation au cours de l'organisation de l'action : hypothèse d'un dysfonctionnement des processus de contrôle (ou métaprocessus) régissant l'optimisation tâche-dépendante de l'action“. Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGouttevin, Isabelle. „Contribution à la représentation des hautes latitudes dans un modèle de surface : gel des sols et diagnostics de performances“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845651.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLins-Peliz, Ana Carolina. „Le changement climatique dans la presse : une analyse comparative des représentations du phénomène en France et au Brésil“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research examines climate change public representation in Brazilian and French newspapers. This representation includes the construction of climate change such as news. Through the analyses of newspaper articles reported in these two countries (Le Monde, Le Figaro, O Estado de São Paulo et O Globo), we found that climate change, per se, did not represents a news story’s value. Reports on climate change in newspapers are often the byproduct of the press’ discursive strategies, where intertextuality becomes a journalistic device. In this sense, the issue of climate change is intertwined with other subject matters and, by default, it establishes a relationship of dependence with other news stories. We found that political events related to climate change, essentially COPs, or the publication of new scientific findings, become crucial to the production of news, not only for divulging new facts but for promoting the circulation of information while constructing a discursive memory about the subject matter. The discourse built around climate change in the newspapers analyzed lays between antagonistic ideas of utopia and dystopia. The utopian ideals are portrayed by the notion of consensus - which in this case has not been reached, through scientific merit and by the depiction of nature. Contrary to this, dystopia is invariably represented as failure and disappointment, by the lack of political accord and allegorized as a bleak future to come
Maze, Amélie. „L’action sociale de proximité à l’épreuve du non-recours : une analyse du changement dans l'action sociale locale à travers le prisme du non-recours“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to understand the institutionnalisation of non-take-up of social benefits by a territorial authority in Ile-de-France. Based on an empirical study, realised from 2014 and 2018, within a County Council, it reports on different processes : formalization of the question, development and implementation of concrete actions. This institutionnalisation is observed in regards to the changes it provides, within the organisation and among its partners. These changes concern work organisation of the institution, professional practices of public officials, social devices, and organising the local partners network. The perspective of the analysis also reports on local social action transformations
Veecock, Candace luena. „Agentivité, modalités de contrôle et subjectivité“. Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCheikhrouhou, Ikram. „Contribution à l'étude du changement conceptuel : les concepts de fermeture de circuit et de conservation de l'intensité dans un circuit en série chez les adultes, avant et après une formation en électricité“. Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081497.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral verbal terms that refer to scientific concepts are also those used in everyday life. Therefore, before beginning the formal curriculum, learners have already built their own representation of some of these concepts. Formal-concept learning comes up against the existence of these preconceptions. Conceptual change is a research area studying the nature of these preconceptions and their modification after instruction. In this work, we propose to examine conceptual change by studying changes in the comprehension of two interdependent electrical concepts: closed circuit and intensity conservation of electric current in series circuit. These concepts were examined essentially in two situations. The first is familiar and aims to diagnose the subject's representations. The second situation is unfamiliar and aims to reveal the kinds of representations the subjects use to explain novel situations not usually taught. These concepts were examined for 24 novice adults before and after a two-week vocational training session in electricity. The methodology used to identify subject's representations consists of an analysis of verbalisations. These are collected with a "critical interview" method inspired by piaget's critical interrogation method. Verbalisations are analysed by describing representations in graph form and a series of symbols. Deduced on graphs, every series of symbols gives the subject's representation of intensity conservation and closed circuit notions. In the familiar situation, the results show an improvement of subject's representations especially for the closed circuit notion which seems more "acquired" than "intensity conservation". This latter notion is in contradiction with everyday experience (the materialization of electricity). This improvement suggests that conceptual change can be gradual. Nevertheless, the non-familiar situation results show the reappearance of some representations found before training. This reappearance suggests that the observed change was superficial and that the deep conceptual structures were not modified
Fustec, Klervi. „Processus multi-échelles, enjeux environnementaux et construction étatique : le cas de l'autorité palestinienne, des politiques de gestion de l'eau et du changement climatique“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the power relations involved in environmental issues (water management and climate change) and the process of state building of the Palestinian Authority, an entity dependent on international aid and under israeli occupation. This thesis mobilises sociology of public action, political ecology and science and technology studies in order to examine the multi-level processes of co-construction of social order and environment through knowledges, problems definition and public policies adopted to tackle them. This research analyses the interactions between international aid, development and environment and the objective of empowerment of the Palestinian Authority. It focuses on the circulation and hybridisation of knowledge and public policy solutions. Beyond national and international decision makers, other actors such as NGOs or humanitarian organisations participate and mobilise other representations of environmental problems and solutions in relation with their representations of the territory and the conflict. This thesis is based on a series of interviews, informal discussions, grey literature dealing with the subject and observational work
Montseny, Emmanuel. „Transformations opératorielles de problèmes dynamiques et applications“. Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000342/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we formalize and study operatorial transformations of general dynamic problems (nonlinear and/or nonlocal), to simplify or improve significantly problems like analysis, simulation, identification, control, estimation, etc. First, a generic formalism of dynamic problems, based on the notion of trajectorial formulations, is stated, and some operatorial transformations (a priori nonlocal and/or nonlinear) are studied, like time-scale transformations and operatorial parametrization of dynamic models. Then, the advantages of such transformations are highlighted on many concrete examples : desingularization of a nonlocal implicit flame front model, analysis and numerical scheme for a class of integrodifferential wave equations, and control of a nonlinear model of fed-batch bioreactor
Fortin-Pellerin, Laurence. „La représentation sociale de l'empowerment de groupes québécois du mouvement des femmes : "C'est quelque chose qui nous a été enlevé et qu'on ré-acquiert"“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27217/27217.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGay, Lauriane. „À la recherche de l'hégémonie : la fabrique très politique des politiques publiques foncières en Ouganda sous le National Resistance Movement (NRM) : Entre changement et inertie“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLand tenure, defined as the set of relations among humans that determine their interaction with land, lies at the heart of power struggles, especially in agrarian societies. Governing land management through public policy means changing power relations between the state and the local institutions that exercise social control. Using Uganda under the regime of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) as its case study, this thesis in political science explores the manner a public policy concerning land is constructed through the interactions among various power structures. We are dealing here with the interactions among polity, politics and policy. Examined as a political activity, the construction of a public policy concerning land in African contexts goes beyond a matter of concern for the state alone. This activity is a source of political legitimacy for those actors participating in the process. Its instrumentalisation can lead to changes in power relations. This process starts with the construction of the problem and ends with the negotiation of a solution. This inductive research is based on qualitative research methods : participant observation, semi-structured interviews, analysis of grey literature and of archives. It is based on four years of field work in Uganda. This thesis innovates theoretically as it integrates the discursive and pragmatic approach of public policy to structuration theory. It ties this approach to the notion of « historicity of the imported state ». This theoretical framework allows us to study the ordering and disordering of society that are triggered by the formulation of problems and solutions. It provides a detailed empirical study of public policy concerning land in Uganda. This thesis contributes, more generally, to the study of democratisation in Africa, land tenure in Africa and public policy in African contexts
Traore, Tiemoko. „Exploitation aurifere et mutations sociales en milieu rural : cas des mines d'or de Morila (commune rurale de Sanso)“. Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe interaction between those who define themselves as indigenous and non·indigenous stands out overtly in rural Sanso commune due to the discover and exploitation of a gold mine from 2000. We chose this site because it is considered exemplary both for its high gold production and for its development projects implemented by the mining company. Since its commissioning, Morila gold mine has extracted more than 200 tons of gold and contributed up lo 1,000 billion CFA francs in the national economy (customs duty. dividend taxes,). But if you exceed the posted showcase figures, social complexity, frustrations and daily questioning of the inhabitants of Sanso more than one third of the local population complain about the high cost of life, access to health care problems, drinking water. overstaffing in school classes, upheavals, environmental changes. Installation of non-native (regional, national and international) made numerous changes that affect social relationships such as kinship systems, alliance strategies and the rules of power. Our research has focused on interactions between natives and non-natives. Traditional social attitudes. political or experienced daily movements in favor of the generalization of a unique way of life inspired by other referential. It would. however. be wrong to think that people in the rural community of Sanso passively undergo transformations imported from outside. They involved in changes that affect the area. According to their practices and representations, they orient indeed local transformations, in a way not always expected by the Stale or mining jurisdictions such as deforestation resulting in the: destruction of wildlife habitats and the transformation of the traditional hunting for lucrative purposes. Based on the three priority areas identified by the Malian government and the direction of Morila SA, our analysis thus includes changes to both desired and undesired. which took shape al the option of development of Morita SA mine in the rural town of Sanso. Our problem is summarized in the following question: What are the changes caused by the demographic imbalance between the inhabitants from the commune and those who came to settle there since the operation of the mine? What were the implications of these changes on the socio-economic conditions of the rural commune of Sanso? More specifically, this research analyzes the interactions between indigenous and non· indigenous in a context of modernity. So as to relate as more specifically as possible the changes, document analysis, in-situ observation and interviews arc the three pillars of our methodology