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1
Die Zeitstruktur im Gegenwartsroman: Am Beispiel von G. García Márquez' Cien años de soledad, M. Vargas-Llosas La casa verde und A. Robbe-Grillets La maison de rendez-vous. Tübingen: G. Narr, 1986.
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2
Spinner, Stephanie. Damosel: In which the lady of the Lake renders a Frank and often startling account of her wondrous life and times. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
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3
Spinner, Stephanie. Damosel: In which the lady of the Lake renders a Frank and often startling account of her wondrous life and times. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
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4
Slowik, Edward. Cartesian Spacetime: Descartes' Physics and the Relational Theory of Space and Motion. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002.
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5
Nietzsche and modern times: A study of Bacon, Descartes, and Nietzsche. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
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6
Boote, Richard. An historical treatise of an action or suit at law: And of the proceedings used in the King's Bench and Common Pleas, from the original processes to the judgments in both courts : wherein the reason and usage of the old obscure and formal parts of our writs and pleadings, such especially as have reference, or relate to the ancient method of practice, as well before the Statute of nisi prius as afterwards, are duly considered, in order to shew from whence they arose : also an account of the alterations that have been made from time to time for regulating the course of practice in the several courts : with such remarks and observations, as tend to explain and illustrate the present mode of practice : and pointing out such particulars as would contract the proceedings, and render them more concise, plain, and significant, and less expensive to the suitors. London: Printed for W. Johnston ... [and 4 others], 1992.
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7
Eisenberg, Melvin A. The Order of Performance; Constructive Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0047.
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Chapter 47 concerns the order in which each party to a contract must render or tender his or her performance. The significance of this issue is that if party A must render or tender performance before or simultaneously with party B, then unless A has performed or tendered B, is not obliged to perform and will not be in breach for not performing.. Where neither the contract nor the circumstances provide an answer to the order-of-performance issue the answer is supplied by implication of law. Generally speaking the law favors the implication of simultaneous performance, if that can be achieved. If it cannot reasonably be implied that the parties’ performances are to be simultaneous, the usual implication is that if one party’s performance takes time and the other party’s performance does not, the performance that takes time must be rendered first.
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Nishime, Leilani. The Matrix Trilogy and Multiraciality at the End of Time. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038075.003.0005.
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This chapter presents an analysis that emphasizes the interpretive possibilities of contestory or ambivalent readings of multiracial narratives. As argued in Chapter 1, only a portion of the moviegoing audience can read Keanu Reeves as a multiracial Asian. Rather than recapitulate viewing habits that render multiraciality irrelevant, using a multiracial perspective to understand The Matrix film series enables a far richer and more rewarding film experience. Understanding Reeves's character Neo as multiracial makes visible the interrelated representations of multiraciality, future utopias, and cyclical time in the film trilogy. The studio marketed the film as a merger of Hong Kong and Hollywood cinema, yet its visual imagery is at odds with its narrative and extratextual portrayal of hybridity. During the same period as the release of the trilogy, Reeves was becoming increasingly visible as an Asian American, due in part to the publicity for the film. His multiraciality, then, was linked to a film narrative that depends upon conflicting depictions of the hybrid body, echoing a larger societal ambivalence about the much-lauded multiracial future.
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Turrell, Dr Jim. Time To Leave: A guide for those who have been given an expiration date and the loved ones who are there to support, love and render care. HeartTalk, 2014.
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McCleary, Richard, David McDowall und Bradley J. Bartos. Internal Validity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661557.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 begins with an outline and description of five threats to internal validity common to time series designs: history, maturation, instrumentation, regression, and selection. Given the fundamental role of prediction in the modern scientific method, scientific hypotheses are necessarily causal. After an outline of the evolving definition of “causality” in the social sciences, contemporary Rubin causality or counterfactual causality is introduced. Under the assumption that subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups, Rubin’s causal model allows one to estimate the unobserved causal parameter from observed data. Control time series are chosen so as to render plausible threats to internal validity implausible. An appropriate control time series may not exist, however, an ideal time series may be possible to construct. Synthetic control group models construct a control time series that optimally recreates the treated unit’s preintervention trend using a combination of untreated donor pool units.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., und Eric S. Swanson. Graphics for physicists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0010.
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While the visualization of data is critical for many scientific applications, the development of programs to render geometrical forms in real time, providing interactive control over viewpoint and angle, animation, and/or user interaction, can be complicated for a scientist. The need to master unfamiliar technology such as graphics engines, windowing software, and graphical user interfaces constitute major challenges. An introduction to the graphical display of data using the Coin3d toolkit for object modeling and rendering is given. The Qt library for graphical user interfacing and the SoQt package, which serves as “glue” between Qt and Coin3d are also presented. Applications to visualizing fractal geometries, three-dimensional objects, and random data are presented.
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Francesca, Mazza. Ch.9 Assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of contracts, s.2: Transfer of obligations, Art.9.2.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0185.
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This commentary analyses Article 9.2.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the modes of transfer of an obligation. Under Art 9.2.1, an obligation to pay money or render other performance may be transferred from one person (the ‘original obligor’) to another person (the ‘new obligor’) in two ways: by an agreement between the original obligor and the new obligor subject to Article 9.2.3, or by an agreement between the obligee and the new obligor, with the new obligor assuming the obligation. This commentary discusses the notion of transfer of an obligation, transfer by agreement, participation of the obligee in the transfer, object of the transfer, and the issue of time in transfer.
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Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey. Hume on the Artificial Virtues. Herausgegeben von Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.39.
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In the Treatise, Hume offers a detailed account of what he calls the artificial virtues: of justice, of fidelity to promises, and of allegiance to political authority, among others. According to virtually everyone, Hume’s discussion of these artificial virtues—and especially of the conventions on which he argues they depend—is inspired, rich, and subtle. At the same time, also according to virtually everyone, Hume’s discussion is deeply puzzling. Indeed, many have thought the puzzles so deep as to render Hume’s position internally inconsistent (or, if not, at least disingenuous). Puzzling though Hume’s discussion is, this chapter argues that Hume’s account of the artificial virtues is not just consistent (and sincere) but plausible and attractive.
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Morawetz, Klaus. Historical Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0001.
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The historical development of kinetic theory is reviewed with respect to the inclusion of virial corrections. Here the theory of dense gases differs from quantum liquids. While the first one leads to Enskog-type of corrections to the kinetic theory, the latter ones are described by quasiparticle concepts of Landau-type theories. A unifying kinetic theory is envisaged by the nonlocal quantum kinetic theory. Nonequilibrium phenomena are the essential processes which occur in nature. Any evolution is built up of involved causal networks which may render a new state of quality in the course of time evolution. The steady state or equilibrium is rather the exception in nature, if not a theoretical abstraction at all.
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Janza, Janes. Politics of Fake It! Herausgegeben von Rebekah J. Kowal, Gerald Siegmund und Randy Martin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928187.013.32.
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The interview of Janez Janša by Janez Janša elaborates on the economy of culture based on the performance Fake it! from 2007, which is described as a translation of seminal choreographies, in contrast to re-enactments or reconstructions. The re-enactment does not render an inherently ephemeral work present, but it underlines its absence. Thus a re-enactment performs the impossibility of being in another place/time; and that is its basic political impact. The choreographies chosen to be performed in Fake it! function as performatives in the Austian sense: by performing them, the economy of their absence and the cultural policy, which supports their absence, are performed. The choreographies in Fake it! are socialized; they became a public good and strengthen the embedding of dance in culture.
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Mauro, Rubino-Sammartano. Part II Understanding the Users of International Arbitration, 5 How Easy is it not to Take Adequate Care of the Proper Expectations of the Parties? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0006.
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This chapter argues that arbitrators must pay sufficient attention to the legitimate expectations of parties. In line with this, it surveys possible-or even involuntary-breaches of the expectations of the parties. It discusses common problems such as not allowing sufficient time to the proceedings; not allowing the parties to present their case adequately; the temptation to rush; effects of disliking counsel; and lack of a full de novo review. It concludes that the approach of many arbitrators is to render an award which would produce for them respect or even admiration, or the wish, at least in Continental Europe, to write a brilliant intellectual treatise. However, this is not an expectation of the parties. While some parties just wish to always win, in particular when they know they are wrong, the innocent party, the honest man or woman, expects that the arbitrator will decide the dispute with diligence and humanity.
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Attanasio, John. Philosophical Ruminations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0007.
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Ideas matter. Constitutional jurisprudence decisions reflect overarching intellectual trends in society. The Buckley Constitution reflects the influence of modern individualistic libertarianism in contemporary American society. Some prominent authors have glimpsed more inclusive approaches to free speech. For example, renowned First Amendment theorist Alexander Meiklejohn sought to illustrate an inclusive approach to freedom of speech in his timeless metaphor of a town meeting. This chapter begins by outlining several wrong turns that the campaign finance cases have taken which render an inclusive approach impossible. One involves equating spending money with speaking. Spending money to speak is at most a combination of speech and action. Moreover, monetary limitations on political campaigning are similar to content neutral time, place, and manner restrictions. Some authors concerned with the distribution of speech rights have overtly offered a more egalitarian free speech approach. They include Jürgen Habermas, Bruce Ackerman, and Ronald Dworkin.
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Lopes da Silva, Fernando H., und Eric Halgren. Neurocognitive Processes. Herausgegeben von Donald L. Schomer und Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0048.
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Transmembrane neuronal currents that embody cognition in the cortex produce magnetoencephalographic and electroencephalographic signals. Frequency-domain analysis reveals standard rhythms with consistent topography, frequency, and cognitive correlates. Time-domain analysis reveals average event-related potentials and field (ERP/ERF) components with consistent topography, latency, and cognitive correlates. Standard rhythms and ERP/ERF components underlie perceiving stimuli; evaluating whether stimuli match predictions, and taking appropriate action when they do not; encoding stimuli to permit semantic processing and then accessing lexical representations and assigning syntactic roles; maintaining information in primary memory; preparing to take an action; and closing processing of an event–response sequence. Sustained mental processes are associated with theta and gamma. Consolidating memories appears to occur mainly during replay of specific firing patterns during sleep spindles and slow oscillations. Biophysical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological factors interact to render cognitive rhythms and components particularly sensitive to the large-scale modulatory processes that sequence and integrate higher cortical processing.
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Descartes' Temporal Dualism. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2014.
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20
Rohrhuber, Julian. Algorithmic Music and the Philosophy of Time. Herausgegeben von Roger T. Dean und Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.1.
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What is time? This question has captivated philosophy again and again. The present chapter investigates how far algorithms involve temporality in a specific form, and why algorithmic music is a distinctive way of understanding time. Its orienting undercurrent is the idea that temporality, by its very nature, gives rise to conflictual perspectives that resist the attempt to be rendered in terms of a unified presence. These perspectives are coordinates of a tension field in which the algorithmic is necessarily embedded and invested, and which unfolds in algorithmic music. Drawing from a selection of examples and sources, the chapter leads through a series of such contradictions and touches upon a few interesting theories of time that have sprung from philosophy, music, and computer science, so as to actualize their mutual import.
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Reykowski, Janusz. Disenchantment with Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078584.001.0001.
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The main theme of the book is the resurgence in the countries of liberal democracy, the political movements that express an approval for violence as a mean of attaining group goals. From ancient time, violence was a commonly accepted, dominant way of gaining wealth, prestige, and fame, as well as a means of social control and socialization of young generations. Human communities attempted to regulate and curtail violence, primarily in intragroup relations. A major change in attitude toward violence was brought about by the development of liberal culture and liberal institutions that saw individual freedom and individual rights as fundamental values. The role of violence was to be limited by two main institutions: the free market and liberal democracy, both of which regard individual freedom as a cardinal principle. However, they have both turned out to be fallible. Conflicts of interests, ideological or world views contradictions, and identity differences are sources of destructive conflicts that trigger various forms of violence: political, economic, symbolic, and physical. This book focuses on two issues. One refers to the psychological nature of the main conflicts and the question of whether those conflicts are intractable and must necessarily lead to destructive consequences. The other, concerns the imperfections of liberal institutions, which render them unable to perform sufficiently well one of their basic functions, that is, removing violence from the sphere of human relations. This analysis is carried out from a specific perspective, focusing on psychological sources and consequences of the phenomena discussed in the book.
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Jones, Craig. The War Lawyers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842927.001.0001.
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The War Lawyer s: The United States , Israel, and Juridical Warfare examines the laws of war as interpreted and applied by military lawyers to aerial targeting operations carried out by the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the Israel Defense Force (IDF) in Gaza. Drawing on interviews with military lawyers and others, this book explains why some lawyers became integrated in the chain of command whereby military targets are identified and attacked, whether by manned aircraft, drones and/or ground forces, and with what results. The analysis shows how a series of political, legal, and technological developments have given rise to a targeting apparatus that requires legal input. In examining the effects of this process, the book argues that when lawyers render legal advice on targeting, they effectively put the indeterminacy of law in the service of producing and extending military violence, as well as constraining it. This is an iterative and ongoing law-making enterprise carried out in concert with the commanders whom lawyers advise. The provision of legal answers and options takes place in a highly routinized fashion under the overarching imperatives of mission success, and crucially, under pressures of time and emergent events in the battlespace. Military lawyers respond to intelligence data from widely distributed actors—but also inevitable gaps, errors, and misinterpretations in such data. The War Lawyers examines the mutual influence of US and Israeli targeting policies and shows just how important law and military lawyers have become in the conduct of contemporary warfare.
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Fuks, Abraham. The Language of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944834.001.0001.
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The words that physicians use with patients have the power to heal or harm. The practice of medicine is shaped by the potent metaphors that are prevalent in clinical care, and military metaphors and the words of war bring with them unfortunate consequences for patients and physicians alike. Physicians who fight disease turn the patient into a passive battlefield. Patients are encouraged to remain stoic, blamed for “failing” chemotherapy and sadly remembered in heroic obituaries of lost battles. The search for disease as enemy shifts the doctor’s gaze to the computer and imaging technologies that render the patient transparent, unseen and unheard. Modern treatments save lives but patients can be the victims of collateral damage and friendly fire. In The Language of Medicine, Abraham Fuks, physician, medical educator and former Dean of Medicine, shows us how words are potent drugs that must be tailored to the individual patient and applied in carefully chosen and measured doses to offer benefits and avoid toxicity. The book shines a light on our culture that deprecates the skill of listening that is, paradoxically, the attribute that patients most desire of their doctors. Societal metronomes beat rapidly and compress clinic visits into stroboscopic encounters that leave patients puzzled, fearful and uncertain. Building on research about physicians in practice, the experiences of patients, stories of medical students as well as the history of medicine, Dr. Fuks promotes an ideal of clinical practice that is achieved by humble physicians who provide time and space for listening, select words with care, and choose metaphors that engender healing.
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Mason, Emma. Green Grace and the End of Time, 1885–1894. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723691.003.0005.
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The final chapter of the book focuses on Rossetti’s development of her ecological reading of grace into a loving eschatology. With reference to her late prose writings, and her popular cycle of poems, Verses (1893), the chapter outlines her reading of John’s vision in Revelation, not as one of destruction, but as a promise that God would enter into creation in order to renew it from within. For Rossetti, God’s re-entry was driven by a prevenient and green grace through which creation’s diversity is gathered dynamically into his being. The conclusion to the chapter argues that Rossetti’s ecological reading of Revelation is dependent on a theology of kenōsis and weakness, one in which the human and nonhuman are gentled into a preparatory anticipation of the Second Advent. Rossetti’s end of time is one renewed into eternity through tenderness, kindness, and love, the repeated touchstones of her poetry and prose.
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Healey, Richard. Causation and Locality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0010.
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By moving to the context of relativistic space-time structure, this chapter completes the argument of Chapter 4 that we can use quantum theory locally to explain correlations that violate Bell inequalities with no instantaneous action at a distance. Chance here must be relativized not just to time but to a space-time point, so that an event may have more than one chance at the same time—it may even be certain relative to one space-time point but ‘at the same time’ completely uncertain relative to another. This renders Bell’s principle of Local Causality either inapplicable or intuitively unmotivated. Counterfactual dependence between the outcomes of measurements on systems assigned an entangled state is not causal since neither outcome is subject to intervention: but it may still be appealed to in a non-causal explanation of one in terms of the other.
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Spinner, Stephanie. Damosel: In Which the Lady of the Lake Renders a Frank and Often Startling Account of her Wondrous Life and Times. Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2010.
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27
Freer, Courtney. No Taxation, No Representation? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861995.003.0002.
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This chapter provides an extended literature review, bringing together for the first time the strands of scholarship related to rentier state theory and to political Islam in the Middle East. In so doing, it sheds light on gaps in the scholarship, in particular the denial in rentier state theory scholarship of the political role played by Islamist groups in such states and the lack of study of the Gulf states by scholars of political Islam. The chapter then gives a brief background on definitional aspects of Islamism, as well as a description and brief history of the Muslim Brotherhood itself, as the region’s most powerful Islamist political group.
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Teece, David J., und Sohvi Heaton, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678914.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. In order to make quality strategic decisions, managers need a deep understanding of industry dynamics and enterprise capabilities. In this book, we present a conceptual framework that will help executives lead their organizations in highly competitive global markets. For some, it will change frames of reference and accepted priorities in terms of what’s important for the enterprise to build, own, and manage. Management theory is young and fragmented, and generally not much of a guide for executives, except around certain narrow issues. The framework presented in this volume can be helpful with the big-picture issues. To be useful, a theoretical framework must be flexible enough to provide guidance in a variety of situations. However, the theory must not be so general that it fails to speak to practical management problems. Another useful attribute is parsimony, so that an overwhelming number of variables don’t render analysis an impossible task. This book includes a number of essays about the Dynamic Capabilities Framework (Teece et al., 1990, 1997; Teece, 2007), which increasingly provides an intellectual infrastructure for both theoretical and applied analyses of strategic management and other issues facing business decision makers. Since 2006, articles concerning dynamic capabilities have been published in business and management journals at a rate of more than 100 per year (Di Stefano et al., 2010). And an increasing number of these articles contain new empirical research validating the Dynamic Capabilities approach to competitive advantage. A broad panoply of scholars and executives are contributing to the further development of this framework. This book summarizes and integrates many of these contributions, and this introduction will introduce some of the major themes of the chapters that follow.
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Thomas, Emily. Samuel Clarke’s Evolving Morean Absolutism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807933.003.0010.
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Samuel Clarke is best known for the ‘Newtonian’ views on space and time he espouses in the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. However, his writings on this topic extend far beyond that, and can help us to understand the particulars of Clarke’s metaphysics—including whether he is actually of a mind with Newton. The major part of this chapter considers Clarke’s metaphysical and epistemological views on time and space, arguing that the views Clarke puts forward in various texts can be rendered consistent. It reads Clarke as holding a position close to that of Henry More, and not the same as that of Newton. The minor part of this chapter considers Clarke’s account of divine presence in time and space, and argues that Clarke is a holenmerist.
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Assael, Brenda. Finding the Restaurant. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817604.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 offers a typology and geographical survey of the Victorian and Edwardian London restaurant. It opens with a quantitative overview, using Kelly’s Post Office Directories, in order to establish not merely the number of restaurants, but also their locations. The chapter then identifies and details a variety of categories (for example, chophouses, working-class eating houses, small-scale owner-managed dining rooms, street carts, and women’s, vegetarian, and temperance restaurants), while at the same time emphasizing that the polyglot nature of eating often renders such categorization problematic. The restaurant is shown here to be more than just a fashionable West End establishment; it also encompassed modest refreshment rooms spread across the metropolis, in particular the City of London.
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Fo, Alessandro. Limiting Our Losses. Übersetzt von Jelena Todorovic und Susanna Braund. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810810.003.0029.
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In this chapter (translated and reprinted here with kind permission), the arduous path of challenges faced by one of Virgil’s translators is mapped out with painstaking detail. Alessandro Fo, author of a recent translation of the Aeneid into Italian, offers an account of the main principles and criteria he adopted in approaching his task. From a metrical point of view, the translator opted for the ‘barbaric’ hexameter, striving to render the rhythmic flexibility of Latin verse. At a stylistic level, he decided to stick as close as possible to the epic and elevated (at times even alienating) diction of Virgil’s poem, without attempting to ‘gloss’ solemn coinages, metaphors, or enallagē for the Italian reader. After acknowledging his inescapable debt to previous Italian translators of the Aeneid, the author highlights his effort to situate his translation among those ‘oriented towards the source text’ without undermining its readability.
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Stephen J, Lubben. Part I United States, 3 Lehman’s Derivative Portfolio: A Chapter 11 Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755371.003.0003.
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This chapter looks at the immediate cause of Lehman’s failure, which it argues was the repo market and the company’s inability to access funding for its operations at that time. Lehman’s derivatives were not the direct cause of its failure, but its derivatives, and the growth of the derivatives markets in general, led to the assumption of outsized risks and systemic weaknesses that facilitated the crisis. This chapter suggests that the continuation of the safe harbours ‘as is’ renders chapter 11 nonviable for larger financial institutions, and recent contractual attempts to work around the safe harbors are insufficient to solve the problem, while the increased role of clearinghouses in financial institution failures will force regulators to confront difficult choices. In short, the regulators will have to balance two competing systemic risks: the risk of an unruly resolution of the financial institution, balanced against increased risk to the clearinghouse.
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Vajda, Edward J. Patterns of Innovation and Retention in Templatic Polysynthesis. Herausgegeben von Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun und Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.21.
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Polysynthetic verb morphology can be extraordinarily complex, with interacting subsystems arranged in phonological and morphological layers, some of which are more readily transparent on the synchronic level. Historical-linguistic comparisons demonstrate that this type of structure can be surprisingly persistent across time, with slow phonological attrition being one of the primary causal agents. Metathesis and reanalysis of morphemes and morpheme positions was also noted as an important agent of change. This chapter examines what is known about the historical layering of two distinct, but possibly genealogically related prefixing verb morphologies: Yeniseian and Athabaskan, both of which have developed different strategies of expressing agreement with subjects and objects, layering these grammatical markers between lexical morphemes and markers of tense–mood–aspect. Phonological fusing of certain sets of adjacent markers renders the pre-root portions of both morphological templates particularly challenging for assigning morpheme glosses. Historical reasons for this evolution are identified and assessed.
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Eileen, Denza. Persona Non Grata. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703969.003.0010.
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This chapter examines Article 9 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which refers to the status persona non grata given by the receiving State towards members of a diplomatic mission. The state renders the members as ‘unwelcome’. Article 9 gives the receiving State the right to notify the sending State that any member of the diplomatic staff is considered a persona non grata at any time, including before arrival. After being notified, the sending State must either recall the member or terminate his or her functions. If the sending State refuses or fails within a period to carry out the obligation, the receiving State may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the mission. The Article proves to be a key provision in the Convention which enables a State to protect itself against unacceptable behaviour by members of diplomatic missions and forms an important counterweight to the immunities conferred elsewhere in the Convention.
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Massa, Mark S. “A Period of Crisis”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851408.003.0004.
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Utilizing Thomas Kuhn’s argument that a “period of crisis” always follows the discovery that the accepted model of science no longer is useful, this chapter examines the famous critique of the 1968 encyclical by theologian Richard McCormick. The author notes that at the time the encyclical was released, the older micro-tradition of neo-scholastic natural law was already acknowledged by the specialists trained to pass it on as no longer useful, and the period of crisis that always followed such a recognition had arrived. The most basic model undergirding the arguments of the pope was now rendered obsolete, and a newer paradigm was needed to take its place.
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Desai, Jigna, und Khyati Y. Joshi. Discrepancies in Dixie: Asian Americans and the South. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037832.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between the Asian American and the American South. The figure of the Asian American is perceived to be discrepant in and antithetical to the American South. Within the American imaginary, the Asian American as perpetual foreigner and alien is always seen as a recent immigrant, and therefore associated with contemporary times, while the South is perceived as an anachronistic and isolated region. This renders the two—the Asian American and the South—allegedly mutually exclusive and incongruous. In these imaginings, the South remains a space quintessentially American but one steeped in an antebellum era of White supremacy, anti-Black racism, and outdated isolation. In supposed contrast stands the figure of the Asian American who is associated with immigration and borders, globalization, and contemporaneity.
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Freer, Courtney. Rentier Islamism after Pan-Arabism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861995.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the changing role of Brotherhood affiliates in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE in the first decade of the 2000s, with a view to highlighting the increased politicization of the Kuwaiti branch and heightened marginalization of the Emirati, alongside the informalization of the Qatari affiliate. It presents the differing responses of the governments in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE to the Arab Spring, specifically how these governments sought to manage the movement toward greater political involvement and liberties for their citizenry and how they treated Islamists involved in that movement specifically. In describing this tumultuous time, the chapter continues tracing how Islamist influence is felt inside these states and how rentier Islamism is politically adaptive.
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Lampert, Laurence. Nietzsche and Modern Times: A Study of Bacon, Descartes, and Nietzsche. Yale University Press, 1995.
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Brian, King, und Yanos Alexander. 14 Enforcing Awards Involving Foreign Sovereigns. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753483.003.0015.
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This chapter outlines the unique differences in arbitrations involving sovereigns, as opposed to those involving private individuals, in particular discussing the strategies employed by counsel to address these differences. The chapter shows how private parties seek to insert certain provisions in the arbitration agreement to facilitate enforcement of an eventual award. At the time a dispute arises, private parties go to the New York courts to attempt to attach sovereign assets, and litigants also look to their arbitral tribunal for interim measures. After the award has been rendered, private parties attempt to attach sovereign assets before the relevant award is recognized by the New York courts. After recognition of the applicable award, private parties would then seek to identify attachable commercial assets and seize them.
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Viellechner, Lars, Hrsg. Demokratischer Konstitutionalismus. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900078.
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For Dieter Grimm, the constitution that emerged from the bourgeois revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries appears as one of the greatest achievements of our time. Originally geared to the liberal state, it now faces challenges from within and without. The party state and the welfare state on the one hand, and Europeanisation and globalisation on the other, are escaping its grip. The question is therefore whether and how the specific conjunction of democracy and the rule of law, including fundamental rights, can be maintained under the changing conditions. With contributions by Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, Anna-Bettina Kaiser, Christine Landfried, Christoph Möllers, Ulrich K. Preuß, Dominik Rennert, Helge Rossen-Stadtfeld, Lars Viellechner, Uwe Volkmann, Hans Vorländer and Rainer Wahl.
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Crowley, Patrick, und Shirley Jordan, Hrsg. What Forms Can Do. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620658.001.0001.
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The chapters in this book respond to important questions about the formal properties of French literary texts and the agency of form. A central feature of twentieth- and twenty-first century French and Francophone writing has been the exploration of how cultural forms (literary, philosophical and visual) create distinctive semiotic environments and at the same time engage with external realities. The aim of this volume is to explore how the formal properties of a range of texts inflect our reading of them and, through that exploration, to renew the engagement with form that has been a key feature of French cultural production and of analysis in French studies.
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Thompson, Andrew C. Toleration, Dissent, and the State in Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0014.
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Dissenters within Britain had to face a range of challenges when it came to their relationship with the state. While the Toleration Act (1689) allowed Dissenters in England willing to subscribe to the doctrinal components of the Thirty-Nine Articles and swear allegiance to the monarch freedom of worship, they, like their counterparts elsewhere, still laboured under a series of legal restrictions that rendered them second-class citizens. Attempts were made throughout the period to remove these legal restrictions and organizations, such as the London-based Dissenting Deputies, were eventually successful in repealing the Test and Corporation Acts. The length of time that this took reflects the uncertainty about how easily the state could combine a desire for order with a divergence of opinions, religious or otherwise, within it.
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Green, Nile. Afghanistan’s Islam. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the study of Islam in Afghanistan to readers with no previous knowledge of the region. Based on two decades of research, it provides both a survey of Afghan religious history and a summary of existing scholarship on the subject. Since the book as a whole is intended to collate existing expert knowledge on Afghan Islam into a single volume, the summary of over half a century of scholarship in English, French, German, Italian and Swedish provides the fullest overview ever attempted of expertise on this much-discussed but rarely-researched topic. The chapter renders this précis readable and intelligible by structuring it in chronological terms that follow the emergence, expansion and diversification of Afghanistan’s various versions of Islam from the eighth to the twenty-first century. In this way, the introduction both enables readers to navigate through the more specialist ‘snapshot’ chapters that follow while at the same time drawing attention to the various gaps in even expert understanding of Islam in Afghanistan. The chapter is the most comprehensive general summary of the history and anthropology of Afghan Islam yet available.
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Lim, Sun Sun. Transcendent Parenting. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190088989.001.0001.
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In digitally connected middle-class households with school-going children, from toddlers through varsity students, the practice of transcendent parenting has arisen. Smartphones and other mobile devices virtually accompany families through all aspects of their everyday existence. The growing sophistication of mobile communication has unleashed a proliferation of apps, channels, and platforms that link parents to their children and key institutions in their lives. Throughout every stage of their children’s development, from infancy to adolescence to emerging adulthood, mobile communication plays an increasingly critical role in family life. Transcendent parenting has emerged in light of significant transformations in the mobile media landscape that allow parents to transcend many realms: the physical distance between them and their children, their children’s offline and online social interaction spaces, as well as timeless time that renders parenting duties ceaseless. In mobile communication, parents parent all over and all of the time, whether their children are by their side or out of sight. Drawing on experiences of urban middle-class families in Asia, this book shows how transcendent parenting embodies and conveys parenting priorities in these households. Paramount are the inculcation of values in their children, oversight of children to protect them from harm, adverse influences, and supporting their children in academic endeavors. It explores how mobile communication allows parents to be more involved than ever in their children’s lives but also questions whether parents have become too involved as a result. It further reflects on the consequences of transcendent parenting for parents’ well-being and children’s personal development.
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Sime, Stuart. 7. Renewal of process. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.0838.
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After proceedings commence by issuing a claim form or other originating process, they must be brought to the attention of the defendants or respondents by service. Generally, originating process remains valid for the purpose of service for a period of four months. Service of proceedings marks a watershed in the litigation process. It is at this point that the defendant is put on formal notice that legal proceedings have been brought, and the time limit on service of proceedings is one which is relaxed with extreme caution. This chapter discusses periods of validity; power to renew; claims in respect of cargo carried by sea; multiple defendants; effect of stay; procedure on seeking an extension; and challenging an order granting an extension.
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Sime, Stuart. 7. Renewal of Process. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.0838.
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After proceedings commence by issuing a claim form or other originating process, they must be brought to the attention of the defendants or respondents by service. Generally, originating process remains valid for the purpose of service for a period of four months. Service of proceedings marks a watershed in the litigation process. It is at this point that the defendant is put on formal notice that legal proceedings have been brought, and the time limit on service of proceedings is one which is relaxed with extreme caution. This chapter discusses periods of validity; power to renew; claims in respect of cargo carried by sea; multiple defendants; effect of stay; procedure on seeking an extension; and challenging an order granting an extension.
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Sime, Stuart. 7. Renewal of process. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.0838.
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After proceedings commence by issuing a claim form or other originating process, they must be brought to the attention of the defendants or respondents by service. Generally, originating process remains valid for the purpose of service for a period of four months. Service of proceedings marks a watershed in the litigation process. It is at this point that the defendant is put on formal notice that legal proceedings have been brought, and the time limit on service of proceedings is one which is relaxed with extreme caution. This chapter discusses periods of validity; power to renew; claims in respect of cargo carried by sea; multiple defendants; effect of stay; procedure on seeking an extension; and challenging an order granting an extension.
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Freedman, Linda. William Blake and the Myth of America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813279.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of William Blake’s literary reception in America and suggests that ideas about Blake’s poetry and personality helped shape mythopoeic visions of America from the abolitionists to the counterculture. It links high and low culture and covers poetry, music, theology, and the novel. American writers have turned to Blake in times of cataclysmic change, terror, and hope to rediscover the symbolic meaning of their country. Blake entered American society when slavery was rife and civil war threatened the fragile experiment of democracy. He found his moment in the mid-twentieth-century counterculture as left-wing Americans took refuge in the arts at a time of increasingly reactionary conservatism, vicious racism, pervasive sexism, dangerous nuclear competition, and an increasingly unpopular war in Vietnam, the fires of Orc raging against the systems of Urizen. Blake’s America, as a symbol of cyclical hope and despair, influenced many Americans who saw themselves as continuing the task of prophecy and vision. Blakean forms of bardic song, aphorism, prophecy, and lament became particularly relevant to a literary tradition which centralized the relationship between aspiration and experience. His interrogations of power and privilege, freedom and form resonated with Americans who repeatedly wrestled with the deep ironies of new world symbolism and sought to renew a Whitmanesque ideal of democracy through affection and openness towards alterity.
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Doran, Connemara. Poincaré’s Mathematical Creations in Search of the ‘True Relations of Things’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797258.003.0004.
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How did the vast corpus of mathematical innovation of Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) engage the rationale, and impact the fate, of the notion of the ether in physics? Poincaré sought the ‘true relations’ that adhere in the phenomena—relations that persist irrespective of the choice of a metric geometry and a change in physical theory. This chapter traces how Poincaré embedded utterly new geometries and topological intuitions at the heart of pure mathematics, mathematical physics and philosophy. It demonstrates that Poincaré had no ownership of the physicists’ ether concept and that he viewed the ether as neither necessary nor necessarily a hindrance for further advance. Poincaré attended to the profound and subtle needs regarding space and time within physics by creating profound and subtle mathematics to capture the ‘true relations’, of spacetime. Poincaré thereby rendered the physicists’ ether superfluous while also creating mathematical structures for gravitational and quantum phenomena.
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Farfan, Penny. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679699.003.0001.
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This introduction sets forth the book’s central argument and establishes the historical, theoretical, and critical context for its case studies. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, modern sexual identities emerged into view while at the same time being rendered invisible, as in Oscar Wilde’s 1895 trial on charges of gross indecency and the 1928 obscenity trial of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness. Early stage representations of homosexuality were typically coded or censored, yet the majority of the works considered in this book were highly visible in their subversions of conventional gender and sexual norms. Queer readings of these plays and performances establish connections across high and popular cultural domains, demonstrating that some of traditional modernism’s perceived failures, rejects, and outliers were modernist through their sexual dissidence. These insights in turn contribute to a more precise understanding of how modernity was mediated and how such mediations enacted change.