Thematische Bibliographien / Remote water readings

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Remote water readings“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Remote water readings"

Bernier, P. Y. „Microwave Remote Sensing of Snowpack Properties: Potential and Limitations“. Hydrology Research 18, Nr. 1 (01.02.1987): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1987.0001.

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This review explores from a user's viewpoint the possibilities and limitations of microwave-based techniques for the remote sensing of snowpack properties. Mapping of dry snowpacks and detection of melt onset can be achieved with combinations of readings taken at different frequencies with passive microwave sensors. A combination of readings from both passive and active sensors coupled with ground truth data will be required to estimate snow water equivalent under most snow conditions. Snowpack structure and overlying vegetation still present major problems in the estimation of snowpack water equivalent from microwave remote sensing devices.

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Chao, Yang. „Research on the Automatic Ammeter Reading System and Its Application on the Intelligent Ecological Community Project“. Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.825.

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The Ultimate goal of property management in intelligent community lies in how to provide efficient and swift service with high quality. With the development of Science and Technology, Automatic Ammeter Reading System (RAARS) has made great improvement on Stability, accuracy and intelligence. The system with Automatic Ammeter for remote Reading is connected to property management center through Acquisition memory attached on the Bus using advanced sensing, electronics technologies based on traditional Mechanical instruments. As a result, managers can get the meter readings of central air conditioning, water, electricity, and gas of users from computer automatically which greatly decrease the labor force of workers and improve the management of property managing department.

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de Lara, Alfonso, Louis Longchamps und Raj Khosla. „Soil Water Content and High-Resolution Imagery for Precision Irrigation: Maize Yield“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 4 (05.04.2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040174.

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Improvement in water use efficiency of crops is a key component in addressing the increasing global water demand. The time and depth of the soil water monitoring are essential when defining the amount of water to be applied to irrigated crops. Precision irrigation (PI) is a relatively new concept in agriculture, and it provides a vast potential for enhancing water use efficiency, while maintaining or increasing grain yield. Neutron probes (NPs) have consistently been used as a robust and accurate method to estimate soil water content (SWC). Remote sensing derived vegetation indices have been successfully used to estimate variability of Leaf Area Index and biomass, which are related to root water uptake. Crop yield has not been evaluated on a basis of SWC, as explained by NPs in time and at different depths. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the optimal time and depth of SWC and its relationship to maize grain yield (2) to determine if satellite-derived vegetation indices coupled with SWC could further improve the relationship between maize grain yield and SWC. Soil water and remote sensing data were collected throughout the crop season and analyzed. The results from the automated model selection of SWC readings, used to assess maize yield, consistently selected three dates spread around reproductive growth stages for most depths (p value < 0.05). SWC readings at the 90 cm depth had the highest correlation with maize yield, followed closely by the 120 cm. When coupled with remote sensing data, models improved by adding vegetation indices representing the crop health status at V9, right before tasseling. Thus, SWC monitoring at reproductive stages combined with vegetation indices could be a tool for improving maize irrigation management.

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Ranjbar, MD Reza, und Aisha H. Abdalla. „Development of an Autonomous Remote Access Water Quality Monitoring System“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, Nr. 2 (01.11.2017): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i2.pp467-474.

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<p>Due to the vast increase in global industrial output, rural to urban drift and the over-utilization of land and sea resources, the quality of water available to people has deteriorated greatly. Before the sensor based approach to water quality monitoring, water quality was tested by collecting the samples of water and experimentally analyzing it in the laboratories. However, in today, with time being a scarce resource, the traditional method of water quality testing is not efficient anymore. To tackle this issue, several electronic (microcontroller and sensor based) water quality monitoring systems were developed in the past decade. However, an in depth study of this current water quality testing technology shows that there are some limitations that should be taken into consideration. Therefore, an automatic, remote, and low cost water quality monitoring system has been developed. This system consists of a core microcontroller, multiple sensors, GSM module, LCD display screen, and an alarm subsystem. The quality of water is read from the physical world through the water quality testing sensors and sent to the microcontroller. The data is then analyzed by the microcontroller and the result is displayed on the LCD screen on the device. At the same time, another copy of the sensor readings is sent remotely to the user’s mobile phone in the form of SMS. If an abnormal water quality parameter is detected by any sensor, the alarm system will turn on the respective red LED for that parameter and the buzzer will give warning sound. At the same time, the abnormality of the water parameter is reported to the user through SMS. The system is aimed to be used for wide applications and by all categories of users. It can facilitate the process of water quality monitoring autonomously and with low cost; to help people improve their quality of drinking water, household water supplies and aquaculture farms, especially in rural areas where residents do not have access to standardized water supply and suffer from different diseases caused by contaminated water.</p>

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Hassan, Moez ul, Sanjay Kumar, Hitesh Kumar, Kabir Kumar, Sarmad Hameed und Kiran Fatima. „Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Boat“. Proceedings 2, Nr. 20 (17.10.2018): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201279.

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In today’s third world countries such as Pakistan, there is an ever increasing strain regarding the provision of clean, consumable water. This problem especially arises in rural areas due to the ineffectiveness of the governments and the increasing population in the country. Therefore, this particular project aims to detect and display real-time physiochemical quality of the water in a much more cost effective manner, as opposed to the current methods which involves sampling and laboratory methods, through its wireless, multi-sensor network. It takes into consideration multiple factors and presents this real-time quality through the display of its electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids TDS, turbidity, as well as temperature of water that is being tested. Additionally, this remote control system is specially designed for lakes, reservoir, rivers etc. where we cannot monitor water quality in such complicated scale water environment by just using a stationary system because water parameter vary at every single location. To avoid this, we manufactured a boat which can float and move on the water simply by user controller. This structure is designed as a hull shape which minimize the resistivity of water flow and this shape also maintained the stability of water. This water quality monitoring boat includes an embedded global positioning system GPS which gives the location of the point wherever water quality is varying and radio frequency module for wireless communication. All the results is generated and displayed with their readings and their graphical analogue meters through the graphical user interface GUI technique, along with water’s impurities limitation points and its hazardous level notification. It is proven through various tests conducted in reservoirs, lakes and personal water storage tanks that this project is successfully capable of demonstrating these physiochemical parameters as well as display these readings effectively.

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Trevathan, Jarrod, Wayne Read und Simon Schmidtke. „Towards the Development of an Affordable and Practical Light Attenuation Turbidity Sensor for Remote Near Real-Time Aquatic Monitoring“. Sensors 20, Nr. 7 (02.04.2020): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071993.

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Turbidity is a key environmental parameter that is used in the determination of water quality. The turbidity of a water body gives an indication of how much suspended sediment is present, which directly impacts the clarity of the water (i.e., whether it is cloudy or clear). Various commercial nephelometric and optical approaches and products exist for electronically measuring turbidity. However, most of these approaches are unsuitable or not viable for collecting data remotely. This paper investigates ways for incorporating a turbidity sensor into an existing remote aquatic environmental monitoring platform that delivers data in near real-time (i.e., 15-min intervals). First, we examine whether an off-the-shelf turbidity sensor can be modified to provide remote and accurate turbidity measurements. Next, we present an inexpensive design for a practical light attenuation turbidity sensor. We outline the sensor’s design rationale and how various technical and physical constraints were overcome. The turbidity sensor is calibrated against a commercial turbidimeter using a Formazin standard. Results indicate that the sensor readings are indicative of actual changes in turbidity, and a calibration curve for the sensor could be attained. The turbidity sensor was trialled in different types of water bodies over nine months to determine the system’s robustness and responsiveness to the environment.

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Reyes-González, Arturo, Jeppe Kjaersgaard, Todd Trooien, Christopher Hay und Laurent Ahiablame. „Comparative Analysis of METRIC Model and Atmometer Methods for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration“. International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3632501.

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Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is a key factor in agricultural water management including irrigated agriculture. The objective of this study was to compare ET estimated from the satellite-based remote sensing METRIC model to in situ atmometer readings. Atmometer readings were recorded from three sites in eastern South Dakota every morning between 8:15 and 8:30 AM for the duration of the 2016 growing season. Seven corresponding clear sky images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 (Path 29, Row 29) were processed and used for comparison. Three corn fields in three sites were used to compare actual evapotranspiration (ETa). The results showed a good relationship between ETa estimated by the METRIC model (ETa-METRIC) and ETa estimated with atmometer (ETa-atm) (r2 = 0.87, index of agreement of 0.84, and RMSE = 0.65 mm day−1). However, ETa-atm values were consistently lower than ETa-METRIC values. The differences in daily ETa between the two methods increase with high wind speed values (>4 m s−1). Results from this study are useful for improving irrigation water management at local and field scales.

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Offenbaume, Kane L., Edoardo Bertone und Rodney A. Stewart. „Monitoring Approaches for Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Water: Visioning a Remote Real-Time Sensor for E. coli and Enterococci“. Water 12, Nr. 9 (16.09.2020): 2591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092591.

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A comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current state of monitoring approaches for primary faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli and enterococci. Approaches were identified and examined in relation to their accuracy, ability to provide continuous data and instantaneous detection results, cost, environmental awareness regarding necessary reagent release or other pollution sources, in situ monitoring capability, and portability. Findings showed that several methods are precise and sophisticated but cannot be performed in real-time or remotely. This is mainly due to their laboratory testing requirements, such as lengthy sample preparations, the requirement for expensive reagents, and fluorescent tags. This study determined that portable fluorescence sensing, combined with advanced modelling methods to compensate readings for environmental interferences and false positives, can lay the foundations for a hybrid FIB sensing approach, allowing remote field deployment of a fleet of networked FIB sensors that can collect high-frequency data in near real-time. Such sensors will support proactive responses to sudden harmful faecal contamination events. A method is proposed to enable the development of the visioned FIB monitoring tool.

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Adalberto, Guerra-Cabrera, Barbano Giulia, Tardioli Giovanni und Mallya Udupi Girish. „Computer Vision-based Reader for analogue Energy/Water Meters in low-cost embedded System: a Case Study in an Office Building in Scotland“. E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 25006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017225006.

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Implementation of cost-effective energy conservation measures (ECMs) is expected to generate up to 18% of carbon emissions reductions in office buildings. In order to determine adequate ECMs for a specific building, operational data is required. However, buildings generally lack operational data in the form of time series that can limit a breath of analysis required for determining adequate ECMs. Energy time-series data is commonly lacking in the UK due to uneven availability of smart meters (heat, gas, water), security restrictions in Energy Information Systems (EIS) and building management systems (BMS), restrictions and costs associated for automated reporting from utility companies, etc. This work presents a non-intrusive computer vision-based reader to generate energy readings at 10-minute resolution using a Raspberry-Pi, a traditional webcam and an LED light. OpenCV, an open source computer vision library, is used to detect and interpret numeric values from a heat meter, which are in turn uploaded to a cloud-based energy platform to create a complete operational data set enabling detailed analytics, fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) and model calibration. A case study of an office building in Scotland is presented. The building has a heat meter with no remote access capabilities. The accuracy of the method, i.e. the ability of the script to accurately derive the rate of change between readings, resulted on a 92% percent during a test done for 100 samples. Recommendations for accuracy improvements are included in the conclusions.

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Fernández, J. E., R. Romero, J. C. Montaño, A. Diaz-Espejo, J. L. Muriel, M. V. Cuevas, F. Moreno, I. F. Girón und M. J. Palomo. „Design and testing of an automatic irrigation controller for fruit tree orchards, based on sap flow measurements“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, Nr. 7 (2008): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07312.

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We designed and tested an automatic irrigation control system for fruit tree orchards, designated CRP. At the end of each day, the device calculates the irrigation dose (ID) from sap flow readings in the trunk of trees irrigated to replenish the crop water needs, relative to similar measurements made in over-irrigated trees. It then acts on the pump and electrovalve to supply an ID sufficient to keep the soil close to its field capacity during the irrigation period. Remote control of the system is possible from any computer or Smartphone connected to the Internet. We tested the CRP in an olive orchard in southern Spain. The device was robust and able to filter and amplify the output voltages of the heat-pulse velocity probes and to calculate reliable sap flow data. It calculated and supplied daily irrigation amounts to the orchard according to the specified irrigation protocol. The remote control facility proved to be useful for getting real-time information both on the CRP behaviour and the applied IDs, and for changing parameters of the irrigation protocol. For our conditions, olive trees with big root systems growing in a soil with a remarkable water-holding capacity, the approach mentioned above for calculating ID had not enough resolution to replace the daily crop water consumption. The device, however, was able to react when the soil water content fell below the threshold for soil water deficit. The threshold value was identified with simultaneous measurements of stem water potential in the instrumented trees. Our results suggest a change in the irrigation protocol that will allow the CRP to apply a recovery irrigation whenever that threshold is reached, making the device suitable for applying a deficit irrigation strategy in the orchard.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Remote water readings"

Nekudová, Nikola. „Strategie rozvoje podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442889.

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The diploma thesis deals with the creation of a business development strategy in the field of remote water readings. Based on the analysis of the external and internal environment, weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities and threats are identified, which are arranged in a SWOT matrix. With the help of critical analysis, a proposal for a company development strategy is developed, the implementation of which is to improve the company's position on the market.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Remote water readings"

Li, Junjie, Jianjiang Cui, Lilong Jiang, Zhijie Lu und Zhenyu Tan. „Design and Implementation of Distributed Remote-Reading Water Meter Monitoring System Based on SaaS“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 413–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1839-5_44.

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Limbo, Anton, Nalina Suresh, Set-Sakeus Ndakolute, Valerianus Hashiyana, Titus Haiduwa und Martin Mabeifam Ujakpa. „Smart Irrigation System for Crop Farmers in Namibia“. In Transforming the Internet of Things for Next-Generation Smart Systems, 120–31. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7541-3.ch008.

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Farmers in Namibia currently operate their irrigation systems manually, and this seems to increase labor and regular attention, especially for large farms. With technological advancements, the use of automated irrigation could allow farmers to manage irrigation based on a certain crops' water requirements. This chapter looks at the design and development of a smart irrigation system using IoT. The conceptual design of the system contains monitoring stations placed across the field, equipped with soil moisture sensors and water pumps to maintain the adequate moisture level in the soil for the particular crop being farmed. The design is implemented using an Arduino microcontroller connected to a soil moisture sensor, a relay to control the water pump, as well as a GSM module to send data to a remote server. The remote server is used to represent data on the level of moisture in the soil to the farmers, based on the readings from the monitoring station.

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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner und Sacha Spector. „Measuring and monitoring land cover, land use, and vegetation characteristics“. In Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0011.

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In terrestrial biomes, ecologists and conservation biologists commonly need to understand vegetation characteristics such as structure, primary productivity, and spatial distribution and extent. Fortunately, there are a number of airborne and satellite sensors capable of providing data from which you can derive this information. We will begin this chapter with a discussion on mapping land cover and land use. This is followed by text on monitoring changes in land cover and concludes with a section on vegetation characteristics and how we can measure these using remotely sensed data. We provide a detailed example to illustrate the process of creating a land cover map from remotely sensed data to make management decisions for a protected area. This section provides an overview of land cover classification using remotely sensed data. We will describe different options for conducting land cover classification, including types of imagery, methods and algorithms, and classification schemes. Land cover mapping is not as difficult as it may appear, but you will need to make several decisions, choices, and compromises regarding image selection and analysis methods. Although it is beyond the scope of this chapter to provide details for all situations, after reading it you will be able to better assess your own needs and requirements. You will also learn the steps to carry out a land cover classification project while gaining an appreciation for the image classification process. That said, if you lack experience with land cover mapping, it always wise to seek appropriate training and, if possible, collaborate with someone who has land cover mapping experience (Section 2.3). Although the terms “land cover” and “land use” are sometimes used interchangeably they are different in important ways. Simply put, land cover is what covers the surface of the Earth and land use describes how people use the land (or water). Examples of land cover classes are: water, snow, grassland, deciduous forest, or bare soil.

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„Lusas high as 100°C (212°F). The temperature of soybeans must 25% in the confectionery type. At an ERH of 70% and not exceed 76°C, since discoloration and protein denatura-25°C, the former contains 9.6% moisture and the latter tion will occur [47]. Seed going into storage should not be 13.6% moisture; at 60°C moisture the contents are 8.1 and heat damaged so it will not respire or germinate. 10.9%, respectively [61]. Drying is energy-intensive. Reasonably efficient com-The general practice is to dry seeds to about 75% RH mercial dryers require 830-890 cal/kg (1500-1600 Btu/lb for interim storage, but some oil mill supervisors prefer of moisture removed) [59]. 65% RH for long-term (12 months) storage, especially in The prime factor to be controlled in stabilizing seeds is colder climates. Table 9 shows the maximum moisture lev-relative humidity (%RH), which is the weight of moisture els considered safe for selected oilseeds [62]. Antimicro-per unit weight of air in the atmosphere surrounding the bial preservatives are commonly used in prepared feeds, seed compared to the maximum weight possible (satura-especially during high-humidity summer months, and tion) at that temperature expressed as a percentage. The some farmers preserve high—moisture-content cereals and term equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) simply means oilseeds with propionic acid for feed use. The oilseed RH in the adjacent air after allowing sufficient time for crushing trade does not accept treated seed. moisture in the seed to equilibrate with the air, and can be Relationships between RH and equilibrated moisture determined by analyzing the head space in a sealed equili-content are shown for soybeans in Table 10 [63]. Levels to brated container. Another allied term is water activity, Av„, which soybeans will equilibrate, in various temperatures which is ERH expressed as a decimal rather than a per-and RHs of the surrounding air, are shown in Figure 3 [64]. centage. Direct-reading instruments are available for Relationships between temperature, moisture content, and measuring RH, ERH, and A. Manual methods for deter-allowable storage time of soybeans are shown in Figure 4 mining RH include the use of a sling psychrometer to ob-[64]. tain "wet bulb" and "dry bulb" temperatures and reference to relative humidity charts. Unfortunately, many people 5. Storage still prefer to relate seed stability to percent moisture con-Designs of storage (Fig. 2C) facilities are dictated by needs tent—a far less meaningful measurement. for aeration of seed and its angle of repose—the minimum Bacteria and yeasts have much higher ERH require-angle in degrees at which a pile maintains its slope [65]. ments for growth than molds (fungi). Table 8 shows that This sometimes is reflected in the pitch of conical roofs on some fungi will grow at any of the relative humidity ranges storage bins. Similarly, downspouts and the conical bot-shown, although few toxin-producing fungi grow at below toms of bins must have pitches steeper than the angle of 75% RH [60]. repose for the respective seed or meal to flow smoothly. During equilibration, available water from the seed and Higher moisture and oil contents increase the angles of re-atmosphere is attracted to the water-absorbing seed com-pose. Angles of repose and bulk densities of some major ponents but not to the oil. Thus, high-oil-content seeds oilseeds and products are presented in Table 11. (peanut, sunflower seed, and rapeseed/canola) must be Readily flowing seeds typically are stored in vertical-dried to lower moisture levels for safe storage than lower-walled silos. In contrast, undelinted cottonseed from the gin oil-content seeds like soybeans. For example, oil-type sun-is stored on cement floors in piles whose shape is dictated flower seeds contain about 42% oil, compared to about by its angle of repose. In areas with wet falls, winters, and TABLE 8 Equilibrium Moisture Contents of Common Grains, Oilseeds, and Feed Ingredients at 65-90% Relative Humidity (25°C) and Fungi Likely to Be Encountered Equilibrium moisture contents (%) Relative Starchy cereal seeds, humidity debated oilseed Peanut, sunflower (%) meals, alfalfa pellets Soybean seed, Rapeseed/Canola Fungi 65-70 12-14 11-12 6-8 Aspergillus halophilicus 70-75 13-15 12-14 7-10 A. restrictus, A. glaucus, Wallemia sebi 75-80 14-16 14-16 8-11 A. candidus, A. ochraceus, plus the above 80-85 15-18 16-19 9-13 A. flavus, Penicillium spp., plus the above 85-90 17-20 19-23 10-16 Any of the above Ref. 60.“ In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 324–31. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-30.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Remote water readings"

George, S. „Enabling Smarter Remote Reading“. In Water: Process Control and Automation. Engineering for the Water Industry. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2015.0024.

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Kashid, Santosh G., Sanjay A. Pardeshi, Sushil D. Sirsat und Vijaysinh H. Bonge. „Remote capturing of water meter reading using DSP processor“. In 2015 Third International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciip.2015.7414738.

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Ferrara, Veronica, Lars E. Bakken, Stefano Falomi, Giuseppe Sassanelli, Matteo Bertoneri und Alberto Scotti del Greco. „Wet Compression: Performance Test of a 3D Impeller and Validation of Predictive Model“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57976.

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In the last few years wet compression has received special attention from the oil and gas industry. Here, the development and implementation of new subsea solutions are important focus areas to increase production and recovery from existing fields. This new technology will contribute to exploitation of small and remote fields and access in very deep water. In this regard liquid tolerance represents a viable option to reduce the cost of a subsea compression station bringing considerable simplification to the subsea process itself. However, the industry may experience some drawbacks: the various levels of liquid presence may create operational risk for traditional compressors; the liquid may cause mechanical damage because of erosion and corrosion of the internal units and the compressor performance might be affected too. The experimental investigation conducted in the study considers dry and wet conditions in a laboratory setup to understand how the presence of liquid influences the stage performance. The test campaign has been carried out at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, in Trondheim, to assess the performance and operating range of a tridimensional impeller when processing a mixture of gas and liquid phases. Experimental results allowed validating the OEM internal prediction code for compressors’ performance in wet conditions. Finally, the effect of liquid on machine operability has been assessed through a left-limit investigation by means of dynamic pressure probes readings in order to evaluate the stall/surge behaviour for different values of liquid mass fraction.

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Li, Chuanfeng, Wenguang Diao, Chen Li und Shuran Zhang. „Design of Centralized Remote-reading Meter System and Intelligent Network Water Meter“. In 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meic-14.2014.248.

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Doynov, Krassimir, Christoffer Nilsen-Aas, Rune Haakonsen, Wan Kan und Robert Bjærum. „Methodology for Calculating Irregular Wave Stress Time Histories of Tensile Wires in Flexible Risers“. In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29104.

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Flexible risers are being deployed in more and more demanding applications in terms of water depth, remote locations, temperature, pressure and corrosive fluids. Focus has been put on long term riser integrity in general, and on fatigue performance in particular, as knowledge of pipe behavior and properties has been advanced over the last decade. In this context, accurate and consistent estimation of riser global and local response to external loading is essential. A methodology has been developed to efficiently calculate irregular wave stress time histories of tensile armour wires for flexible risers. The stress time histories are calculated directly from the global loads which are usually generated by using commercially available well proven global analysis tools. The methodology elevates the dynamic analysis of flexible risers from the conventional regular-wave approach to irregular-wave time-domain approach. This in turn allows a better assessment of the fatigue performance and provides a better fit-for-service assessment or an opportunity to reduce design conservatism. This methodology also allows for consistent stochastic fatigue evaluations to be performed in time domain simulations using the well established stochastic analysis approach. All flexible riser non-linear hysteretic effects are included and phase shift between tension and curvature is also fully accounted for. The key ingredient lies in the generation of transfer functions of all stress components using a validated local analysis (LA) tool based on finite element method. This is done because direct use of the LA tool for long time domain simulations is very computationally intensive and impractical. The stress transfer functions allow direct mapping of the tension and curvature readings to individual stress components, which are combined in a phase consistent manner to obtain the total stress-time histories. This methodology should also work well for other systems having complicated cross sections such as dynamic umbilicals and integrated production bundle, etc. Accuracy of the proposed methodology should be equivalent to that of using the LA tool directly provided that the stress transfer functions are constructed appropriately. In comparison with the traditional regular-wave methodology, this irregular wave approach has been shown to provide a significant fatigue-life improvement for the flexible riser tensile-wire in a deep water West Africa application.

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Jing, Lei, Lai-Lei Jiao und Zeng-Kang Wang. „The design of intelligent remote meter reading system based on mechanical water meter“. In International Conference on Computer Science, Technology and Application (CSTA2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813200449_0060.

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Alonso Castro, Beatriz, Terje Birkenes und Huib Oosterveld. „Removal of Topside Units in a Single Lift: The Repsol Yme Field Case Study“. In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77825.

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Decommissioning is an emerging sector in the UK and Norway, accounting for 2% of total industry expenditure in 2010 increasing to 8% in 2017. In accordance with existing regulations in the North Sea (OSPAR), dumping, and leaving wholly or partly in place disused offshore installations within the maritime area is prohibited. Over the next eight years, 200 platforms are expected to be removed in the North Sea. There are a number of methods to remove offshore installations: Piece small, Reverse installation and Single lift. In the Single lift approach the jacket or the topside is removed in one piece, minimizing significantly the time offshore and therefore the safety and health incidents. But the Piece Small and Reverse Installation are the most common methods and are established and secure although are time consuming and labor intensive [1]. Several potential candidates for single lift technology at varying levels of technical readiness were considered in the past. The majority of the concepts remained on the drawing board, while some were awaiting project commitment. The only that was matured further than this is the Pioneering Spirit. Yme, its first commercial lift, gave this concept the “proven” status. The Yme MOPU, owned by Repsol, was a jack-up type platform standing on three steel legs of 3.5 m diameter. The dry weight of the MOPU was approximately 13,500 t. The Yme MOPU was a challenging unit to remove mainly for three reasons: The platform motions due to the lack of stiffness in the leg support, its position in contact with the caisson wellhead platform, and the fact that the legs could not be pre-cut before the operation. The method selected to remove the platform was Single lift, using the dynamically positioned platform installation and removal vessel Pioneering Spirit. The lifting arrangement consisted of 12 lift beams combined and connected in pairs to yokes. Five specifically designed yokes were installed. The yokes connect the TLS with the MOPU. The structural integrity of each interface was assessed with FE analysis. The Ballast system was used to provide additional clearance. Pioneering Spirit has a total of eighty-seven ballast water tanks, including four so called ‘Quick Drop Ballast Water Tanks’. The removal of the MOPU was performed successfully the 22nd August 2016, after two days work offshore.

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Thomas, Lee, Laura Liebana, Terry Wood, Alaa Mansour, Ashley Coaker, Roy Hunt und Graeme Rogerson. „Pathway to Decarbonisation and Maximum Value Recovery for Remote Offshore Gas Fields“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30941-ms.

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Abstract Gas developments are required to facilitate energy transition from carbon intensive energy to a sustainable balance of green and blue energy. The next decade will focus on exploiting gas fields globally to support this. A significant number of these fields are located in deepwater and /or are long distances from existing gas processing / LNG plants. Transporting large volumes of gas from remote gas fields over longer distances and in deeper waters remains technologically and economically challenging. Conventional and near-term development options include subsea compression, floating vessels with topside compression and pipeline tie-back to shore, or floating liquefied natural gas vessels. This paper and study are supported by The Oil & Gas Technology Centre (OGTC) and UK Oil and Gas Authority. It examines development options for a 200 km long 1700 m water depth tie back using integrated production modeling linked to power demands, along with installed steel tonnages. The Scope 1 and 2 emissions per unit of gas produced are analysed via a life cycle assessment using ISO 14044 as guidance for a long-distance gas tieback to the point of sale (inclusive of processing to sales specification). The major power intensive equipment used to develop these fields will be presented showing their proportion of the power consumption compared with the total; these include compression either onshore, offshore or subsea as well as the efficiency of the power generation devices in these environments. The paper will highlight the economics of each option and how varying the carbon price changes the commercial position of each option. The paper will show that by understanding what drives emissions, and how emissions relate to the amount of gas produced, that concept selection can drive upwards of 50% reduction in life cycle carbon emissions whilst improving project economic performance. This paper examines multiple innovative technologies, providing technology readiness of new concepts based on the benchmarked study focusing both economic and carbon emission aspects. Finally, the paper will show that better economic outcomes with the decarbonisation of gas gathering systems is technically possible and can be deployed subsea to help meet the energy transition and allow the development of remote and deeper gas fields.

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Dehmlow, Michael R. „Affordable Universal Solar Tracker“. In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54379.

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With the global growth of solar technologies, the general public is beginning to utilize these efficient power sources in their everyday lives. In response, the NMSU Solar team is developing a product to help the enthusiasts and businesses that fuel this green movement. The NMSU Solar team is developing an affordable, standalone digital solar tracker that can be mounted to any device (e.g. solar panels, parabolic dish, etc.). The digital solar tracker is being designed to fit the needs of price conscious businesses and the abilities of hobbyists wanting to build their own personal tracker. The device utilizes a digital clock chip for the date and time, a simple magnetometer as a digital compass, and an accelerometer to detect the acceleration of gravity to locate the sun by its geographical location. Once the system has its target face within a few degrees of being normal to the sun, it employs a quadrant-photo-diode to precisely calculate the sun’s direction. By coupling the system with two multiplexers, an Arduino board, and an X-Bee chip, the system can be remotely controlled and monitored from a single command post up to a mile away. The use of the Arduino’s 10 bit resolution analog-to-digital converter allows the unit to have a remote DAQ system capable of reading temperatures, pressures, and power from the solar device. The results can be sent back to a computer for data logging or monitoring. Because these components are in water resistant housing with a small battery and a 10 watt solar panel, the system can give years of service. This basic design is an effective tool for large businesses or a “must have” upgrade for the enthusiast looking to gain every ounce of power from existing solar panels. By releasing the code and design to the public after its final development, the NMSU Solar team hopes to aid in the sustainability of a power hungry world.

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Anderson, Michael G. „Segmentation and Removal of the Carolinas-Virginia Tube Reactor (CVTR) Moderator Tank“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7154.

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Special tooling has been deployed to segment the Moderator Tank (MT) at the Carolinas-Virginia Tube Reactor (CVTR) Parr site near Jenkinsville, South Carolina. The MT or reactor vessel, the most activated component remaining on site which included over 1,000 Ci of activation products, has been segmented into sections to fit within three hardware liners and three custom boxes. This work has been completed in approximately 12 months from tool conception to final packaging with no spread of contamination, no generation of secondary wastes and minimizing personnel radiological exposure. With contact dose readings in excess of 90 R/hr, segmentation of the MT had to be performed remotely and with the assurance that the spread of contamination to otherwise clean areas of the reactor building did not occur. Additionally, since the MT was entombed within a bioshield not capable of containing water, cutting had to be performed dry without benefit of shielding typically provided by the water of a spent fuel pool. In addition, the component removal scope included the removal, packaging and disposal of other activated components including thermal shields and the steel liner from the internal face of the bioshield. Concept engineering began in January 2006. Tools were tested and delivered in May 2006. Segmentation was completed in December 2006, followed by the removal of the thermal shields and bioshield liner. The component removal work was completed without the spread of contamination, no generation of secondary waste and an exposure total of 17 person rem.

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