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1
Biegon, Glenn. „Stereoscopic Synergy: Twin-Relief Sculpture and Painting“. Leonardo 38, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094053722354.
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Two accelerated-relief sculp-tures depicting the same scene from slightly different viewpoints can serve as sculpted stereo-scopic half-images—or “twin-reliefs.” Unlike traditional relief sculpture, which compresses sculptural space, twin-reliefs expand it, creating lifelike illusionistic depths. Viewed binocularly in a large Wheat-stone stereoscope, the twin-relief's virtual world appears colorful, atmospheric and life-size— even infinitely deep. Furthermore, unlike flat-picture stereoscopy, which allows just one undistorted, perspectively robust view, twin-reliefs provide infinitely many such views because, being sculptural, they “adapt” to the observer's movement. Twin-reliefs syner-gistically combine essential physical attributes previously separated between the domains of painting, sculpture and traditional flat-picture stereoscopy.
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FARROKH, Kaveh, Gholamreza KARAMIAN, Meysam DELFAN und Farzad ASTARAKI. „Preliminary reports of the late Parthian or early Sassanian relief at Panj-e Ali, the Parthian relief at Andika and examinations of late Parthian swords and daggers“. Historia i Świat 5 (12.09.2016): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2016.05.03.
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This article examines recent archaeological excavations with respect to two Parthian reliefs and an examination of Parthian blade weapons (swords, daggers). The first archaeological site examined is the late Parthian or early Sassanian cavalry motif in the town of Koohdasht in western Iran’s Lorestan province. The Koohdasht motif is comparable to late Parthian and early Sassanian cavalry reliefs such as the Parthian relief of Gōdarz II in Bīstūn and Sassanian reliefs such as those of Ardašīr I in Fīrūzābād and the Sassanian cavalry relief panels in Naqš-e Rostam. The second site pertains to the recent discovery of the Parthian relief at Andika in Khuzestan depicting a Parthian nobleman lying sideways, leaning on his left elbow, as he holds a branch with his left hand. The theme of the Andika relief has parallels with Tang-e Sarvak (Block II) and the Tina mountain reliefin Khuzestan. The third domain, which pertains to Parthian militaria is an examination of late Parthian swords and daggers housed in the Iran Bastan Museum in Tehran.
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Sugianto, Herman. „RELIEF MOTIF BURUNG MERAK PADA PESAREAN SUNAN SENDANG DUWUR PACIRAN LAMONGAN: KAJIAN BENTUK, MAKNA DAN ESTETIKA“. Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 3, Nr. 1 (23.10.2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/b.nusantara.vol3.no1.a2116.
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This study aims to examine the relief of peacock motifs at the gate of Paduraksa I and PaduraksaII tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur Paciran Lamongan which includes (1) visual reliefof peacock motifs, (2) the meaning of relief of peacock motifs, and (3) aesthetic value reliefof peacock motifs. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collectiontechniques, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using sign analysis ortextual analysis. The results of this study include: visual relief forms of peacock motifs at thegate of Paduraksa I and Paduraksa II at the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb are ornaments witha floristic style that has undergone Islamization, namely the shape of ornamentation informedof the flora motif into the shape of a peacock animal. The meaning of relief in the tombcomplex of Sunan Sendang Duwur basically gives a picture of how human relations with humans,human relations with nature and the relationship between humans and their Lord. This reliefalso provides a description of the symbols of life that is about courage, knowledge, protection,protection, greatness, strength and justice. This relief also gives us an idea that this tomb complexis a gathering of holy spirits, the final resting place from human to human journey to face Godin another sense that the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb complex is a sacred/ sacred place, so wemust not carelessly take action or acts that violate the applicable ethics. The aesthetic valuescontained in the reliefs in the tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur, which is a picture ofa journey to holiness and also a picture of the division of nature, that is physical, spiritual andconscience. From the analysis it can be concluded that the relief of the tomb complex of SunanSendang Duwur has a form of ornamentation with a floristic style that is Islamized both interms of visual form, meaning and aesthetic values contained therein connected with Islamicteachings in the form of the teachings about God.
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Sugianto, Herman. „RELIEF MOTIF BURUNG MERAK PADA PESAREAN SUNAN SENDANG DUWUR PACIRAN LAMONGAN: KAJIAN BENTUK, MAKNA DAN ESTETIKA“. Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 3, Nr. 1 (23.10.2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jbn.vol3.no1.2116.
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This study aims to examine the relief of peacock motifs at the gate of Paduraksa I and PaduraksaII tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur Paciran Lamongan which includes (1) visual reliefof peacock motifs, (2) the meaning of relief of peacock motifs, and (3) aesthetic value reliefof peacock motifs. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collectiontechniques, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using sign analysis ortextual analysis. The results of this study include: visual relief forms of peacock motifs at thegate of Paduraksa I and Paduraksa II at the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb are ornaments witha floristic style that has undergone Islamization, namely the shape of ornamentation informedof the flora motif into the shape of a peacock animal. The meaning of relief in the tombcomplex of Sunan Sendang Duwur basically gives a picture of how human relations with humans,human relations with nature and the relationship between humans and their Lord. This reliefalso provides a description of the symbols of life that is about courage, knowledge, protection,protection, greatness, strength and justice. This relief also gives us an idea that this tomb complexis a gathering of holy spirits, the final resting place from human to human journey to face Godin another sense that the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb complex is a sacred/ sacred place, so wemust not carelessly take action or acts that violate the applicable ethics. The aesthetic valuescontained in the reliefs in the tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur, which is a picture ofa journey to holiness and also a picture of the division of nature, that is physical, spiritual andconscience. From the analysis it can be concluded that the relief of the tomb complex of SunanSendang Duwur has a form of ornamentation with a floristic style that is Islamized both interms of visual form, meaning and aesthetic values contained therein connected with Islamicteachings in the form of the teachings about God.
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Adwina, Radila, und Agi Ginanjar. „IDENTIFIKASI CERITA PADA RELIEF NARATIF DI CANDI SUKUH“. PANALUNGTIK 2, Nr. 1 (27.11.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v2i1.23.
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Candi Sukuh is a sacred temple complex shaped like step-pyramid structure with three terraces, which was used on late period of Majapahit Kingdom, around 15th century. Every terrace is decorated with various reliefs, either ornamental reliefs or narrative reliefs. The tale of the narrative reliefs had been studied by some researchers, but they had different opinion about it. There are also allegations on the tale from those reseachers of some other narrative reliefs, and narrative reliefs that have never been studied before. There are 13 carved stones of those narrative reliefs, with one or more panels on each stone. Each relief may consist of various relief components, such as figures, animals, plants, buildings, weapons, and other things. Those components are compared with other studies of relief on Majapahit period to obtain early identifications of the relief. After that, each component is arranged to form 18 tale scenes. The scenes are compared with Ancient Javanese texts or other sacred building reliefs from Majapahit period, so that the source of the tale and particular scene of the tale are identified.
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Suardina, I. Nyoman, und Marina Wardaya. „Hermeneutic Review of the Meanings of Angling Darma Relief at Candi Jago“. Randwick International of Social Science Journal 4, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v4i1.618.
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The purpose of this research is to discover the cultural relationship between the Angling Darma reliefs at Candi Jago. Candi Jago is the only place where you can find Angling Darma relief. The Angling Darma relief on Jago Temple is a testament to the glory of the civilization of the Hindu-Buddhist dynasty in Indonesia. However, not many Indonesians know the meaning of the Angling Darma relief at Candi Jago. No one has yet discussed the cultural aspect in relation to the angling darma relief motif on Jago temple in a hermeneutic review. The problems are: 1) What is the shape of the relief of Angling Darma at Candi Jago?.; 2) Is there a correlation between the Angling Darma reliefs at Candi Jago and culture? 3) What is the relationship between Angling Darma reliefs and culture from a hermeneutic perspective? This study uses a qualitative method with a hermeneutic paradigm. All primary data was successfully collected based on observations of the reliefs at Candi Jago. All secondary data were searched through a literature study of Candi Jago. The totality of the data was analyzed qualitatively in a hermeneutical review. The findings revealed: 1) an Angling Darma relief in the form of a painting of a character named Angling Darma; 2) a correlation between culture and Angling Darma reliefs at Candi Jago; and 3) a moral meaning emphasizing firm belief and chivalrous attitude in cultural relations and the Angling Darma reliefs at Candi Jago.
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Ji, Zhongping, Wei Feng, Xianfang Sun, Feiwei Qin, Yigang Wang, Yu-Wei Zhang und Weiyin Ma. „ReliefNet: Fast Bas-relief Generation from 3D Scenes“. Computer-Aided Design 130 (Januar 2021): 102928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2020.102928.
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Rajeg, Kadek Dedy Prawirajaya, und Heri Purwanto. „The Relief Art Styles of Yeh Pulu in Gianyar Regency, Bali“. KALPATARU 30, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v30i1.803.
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The relationship between Indonesia and India manifested in various cultural forms that still survive today, one of which is in form of relief. Yeh Pulu is an archaeological site located in Banjar Batulumbang, Bedulu Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. To date, the relief in Yeh Pulu has not been studied intensely. The objective of this research is to reveal the characteristics of reliefs in Yeh Pulu Site. Data collection was carried out through direct observations in the field and also photographs. A comparative study was used for the analysis, by comparing Yeh Pulu Relief with the reliefs from temples in Java. The results showed that the Yeh Pulu Relief has nine scenes depicting various activities of past lives. One of the scenes depicted the story of Kresnayana, which perhaps was the inspiration for the reliefs. Yeh Pulu relief was developed around 14 – 15 AD or during late Majapahit era.
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Putri Miranti, Karisma, und Agus Setiawan. „PESAN GENDER PADA RELIEF-RELIEF CANDI SUKUH: FEMINISME MELALUI PENDEKATAN TUBUH DAN SEKS [GENDER MESSAGES IN THE RELIEFS OF CANDI SUKUH: FEMINISM BY APPROACHES OF BODY AND SEX]“. Naditira Widya 14, Nr. 1 (04.08.2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/nw.v14i1.409.
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Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menguraikan pesan-pesan yang terkandung dalam relief-relief Candi Sukuh yang dianggap tabu. Studi ini dilakukan karena Candi Sukuh dapat menjadi bukti bahwa jauh sebelum adanya gerakan feminisme, masyarakat berlatar agama Hindu-Buddha pada masa lampau telah mengakui perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Perbedaan tersebut merupakan suatu konstruksi sosial yang dimengerti dalam hubungan kompromi laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-interpretatif, dan data dianalisis dengan pendekatan multidesain. Teori Ikonografi digunakan untuk menganalisis pesan dari relief-relief Candi Sukuh, sedangkan teori feminisme diterapkan dengan pendekatan tubuh, seks, dan gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pesan feminisme pada relief kidung Sudhāmālā, relief linggā dan yoni, dan relief kālāmĕrgā. Kesimpulannya pesan gender yang disajikan di relief-relief Candi Sukuh berupa penolakan perempuan terhadap pengobjekan tubuhnya oleh laki-laki, yang dianggap memiliki otoritas terhadap tubuh perempuan.
This research is focused to describe the messages contained in the reliefs of Candi Sukuh, which are considered taboo. This study was conducted because Candi Sukuh may well be an evidence that long before the existence of the feminism movement, the Hindu-Buddhist communities in the past have recognized differences between men and women. Such difference is a social construct which was understood in terms of compromising relations between men and women. The method used in this research was descriptive-interpretive, and data were analyzed using a multi-design approach. Theories of iconography were used to analyze messages of the reliefs of Candi Sukuh, whereas the theory of feminism was applied using approaches of body, sex and gender. Research results showed messages of feminism are contained in the Sudhāmālā hymn, reliefs of linggā and yoni, and the kālāmĕrgā relief. Conclusively, gender messages presented by the reliefs of Candi Sukuh informs the rejection of objectification of women’s body by men, who are considered to have authority over women's bodies.
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Restiyadi, Andri. „Membaca Desain Komunikasi Visual Pada Relief Cerita Krsna di Candi Lara Jonggrang“. Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 15, Nr. 2 (05.01.2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v15i2.120.
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AbstractStory reliefs inscribed at the walls of the temple tell a lot of information including the visual communication design. Thus, to learn of the artist’s creative process, it is important to conduct a study of the relief’s visual design. Most relief-related studies available merely try to identify the story rather than the visual design aspect. The study proposed here is on the aspect of visual communication design of Krishna story relief, a study that has been neglected. Such fact is an irony since visual communication design is actually another side of a relief that is of a high interest due to its communicative purpose. This study uses an inductive research pattern that starts at field data analysis and ends in a conclusion. For the ease of analysis, the visual form of story relief will be transferred into composition matrixes that later will be compared to acquire a complete relief design. In the case of Krishna relief, some figures sculpture composition patterns are found at the panels. Such patterns, which may determine the meaning of the relief in the context of visual communication, have been standpoints from which the relief artist considered the aspects of religion and technique.AbstrakRelief cerita yang terpahat pada dinding candi memuat banyak informasi, termasuk di dalamnya berkaitan dengan desain komunikasi visual. Kajian tentang desain visual relief sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses kreatif seniman. Selama ini penelitian yang berkaitan dengan relief secara umum berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi cerita di dalamnya sementara aspek desain visual jarang dijadikan topik bahasan. Adapun permasalahan yang diajukan dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan aspek desain komunikasi visual relief cerita Krsna. Sebuah kajian yang selama ini belum menjadi pusat perhatian. Sisi lain dari sebuah relief cerita yang sebenarnya sangat menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut, karena relief cerita tidak lain merupakan sebuah media komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan alur penelitian induktif yang bergerak dari fakta di lapangan dan diakhiri dengan penarikan sebuah kesimpulan. Dalam hal ini untuk mempermudah analisis, bentuk visual relief cerita akan diubah menjadi matriks komposisi untuk selanjutnya dibandingkan antara matriks yang satu dengan matriks yang lain untuk mengetahui desain relief secara utuh. Pada kasus Relief Cerita Krsna terdapat beberapa pola komposisi pemahatan figur dalam panil. Pola-pola tersebut menjadi patokan seniman dengan mempertimbangkan aspek religi dan aspek teknis, hal tersebut sekaligus dapat menentukan makna relief cerita dalam konteks komunikasi visual.
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Korjenić, Aida, Amina Sivac und Amra Banda. „Application of GIS in quantitative geomorphological analysis of the Una River basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina)“. Dela, Nr. 48 (31.12.2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.48.4.77-94.
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V prispevku smo s pomočjo geografskih informacijskih sistemov (GIS-ov), kartografskih in matematično-statističnih metod analizirali morfometrične značilnosti porečja Une. Kvantitativna geomorfološka analiza je vključevala hipsometrične značilnosti, naklone, vertikalno razčlenjenost reliefa in ekspozicije reliefa v porečju Une. Analizirani parametri so indikatorji reliefnih oblik in sodobnih procesov preoblikovanja reliefa. Pridobljeni podatki imajo numerično in praktično vrednost, na primer za potrebe kmetijstva, upravljanja voda, gradbeništva, urbanizma, turizma, prostorskega načrtovanja itd.
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Santiko, Hariani. „Identification of Karmawibhangga Reliefs at Candi Borobudur“. AMERTA 34, Nr. 2 (20.12.2016): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v34i2.179.
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Abstract. Reliefs depicted at Borobudur’s “hidden foot” are scenes taken from the Karmawibhangga texts. These reliefs depicted in 160 panels were rediscovered by J.W. Ijzerman in 1885, and in 1890-1891 were photographed by Kassian Cephas before the reliefs were closed down once again. The Karmawibhangga deals with the Law of Cause and Effect, the Karmic Law. The doctrine was veryimportant for the Buddhist visitors. In order they understand easily the episodes they saw, the sculptors portray many aspects of the early life in Java from the 9th to 10th century AD, during Borobudur’sera. The reliefs were studied by N.J. Krom, S. Levi, and Jan Fontein. Fontein studies these reliefs by comparing the episodes with two Karmawibhangga texts which were translated into Chinesenamed as T 80 and T 81. The purpose in writing this paper is to find out the Karmavibhanga text(s) used by the sculptors in carving the Karmawibhangga at Candi Borobudur. In this case I use theHistorical-archaeology as a method; this approach seeks an equal combination of “historical” and “archaeological” data to the study of the past i.e.Abstrak. Identifikasi Relief Karmawibhangga pada Candi Borobudur. Relief yang dipahatpada dinding kaki Candi Borobudur yang sekarang ditutup merupakan adegan-adegan dari naskah Karmawibhangga, yang berjumlah 160 panel ini ditemukan kembali oleh J.W. Ijzerman pada tahun 1885. Sebelum ditutup kembali relief seluruhnya difoto oleh Kassian Cephas pada tahun 1890-1891. Relief-relief tersebut terkait dengan ajaran hukum karma, hukum sebab akibat, yang sangat penting dalam ajaran agama Buddha. Agar cerita tersebut dimengerti dengan baik oleh pengunjung, makaajaran tersebut dikemas dalam cerita kehidupan masyarakat Jawa Kuna pada abad ke- 9-10 Masehi, semasa Candi Borobudur didirikan. Identifikasi relief telah dilakukan oleh N.J. Krom, S. Levi, dan Jan Fountain yang membandingkan adegan-adegan dengan dua naskah Sutra yang telah diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Cina yang dikenal sebagai T 80 dan T 81. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah mencari naskah yang dipergunakan oleh para pemahat relief Karmawibhangga. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode Arkeologi-Sejarah yaitu pendekatan yang menggunakan data artefaktual dan data tekstual berupanaskah dan prasasti. Relief yang dibandingkan dengan episode dalam naskah, diketahui bahwa berbagai episode lebih mendekati isi naskah T80.
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Ji, Shenyu, Jiao Pan, Liang Li, Kyoko Hasegawa, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Fadjar I. Thufail, Brahmantara, Upik Sarjiati und Satoshi Tanaka. „Semantic Segmentation for Digital Archives of Borobudur Reliefs Based on Soft-Edge Enhanced Deep Learning“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 4 (09.02.2023): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040956.
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Segmentation and visualization of three-dimensional digital cultural heritage are important analytical tools for the intuitive understanding of content. In this paper, we propose a semantic segmentation and visualization framework that automatically classifies carved items (people, buildings, plants, etc.) in cultural heritage reliefs. We also apply our method to the bas-reliefs of Borobudur Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Indonesia. The difficulty in relief segmentation lies in the fact that the boundaries of each carved item are formed by indistinct soft edges, i.e., edges with low curvature. This unfavorable relief feature leads the conventional methods to fail to extract soft edges, whether they are three-dimensional methods classifying a three-dimensional scanned point cloud or two-dimensional methods classifying pixels in a drawn image. To solve this problem, we propose a deep-learning-based soft edge enhanced network to extract the semantic labels of each carved item from multichannel images that are projected from the three-dimensional point clouds of the reliefs. The soft edges in the reliefs can be clearly extracted using our novel opacity-based edge highlighting method. By mapping the extracted semantic labels into three-dimensional points of the relief data, the proposed method provides comprehensive three-dimensional semantic segmentation results of the Borobudur reliefs.
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Fusco, Ugo. „New Reliefs from Veii and Mithraic Reliefs from Etruria (Regio VII): Iconography, Chronology and Archaeological Context“. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 58, Nr. 1-4 (Dezember 2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2018.58.1-4.5.
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Summary This paper discusses the Mithraic reliefs found in Etruria (Regio VII). The reliefs are analysed and their iconographic, archaeological and chronological features compared with a view to advancing new proposals on the cult of Mithras in the area concerned. The paper focuses first on the new Mithraic relief discovered in Veii and discusses the presence of a specific object that constitutes the most original iconographic feature of the relief. It can be seen aligned behind Mithras' head, which obscures its central part: considering its shape and the presence of the quiver over Mithras' right shoulder, the object can be identified as a bow. The object's specific position, probably connected to the symbolic importance of the bow in the mysteries of Mithras, is unique not only among Mithraic reliefs but also in the surviving Mithraic evidence from the Roman world. The other reliefs from Etruria are analysed, with a brief description of the type of iconography, the chronology and archaeological context of each piece. Comparing the reliefs allows us to pinpoint differences in size, style and chronology, highlighting the uniqueness of the new relief from Veii. These differences can be put down to factors that are yet to be examined in more detail, connected to the clients and the workshops operating in the region. The study concludes that the Veii relief can be considered not only the oldest and most stylistically refined of these pieces, but also one of the earliest attestations of the cult of Mithras in Etruria.
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MAKSYMIUK, Katarzyna. „Datacja reliefów Szapura I. Zarys problematyki“. Historia i Świat 1 (09.09.2012): 13–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2012.01.01.
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It is assumed that eight Sasanid reliefs were carved during the reign of Shapur I in 242 – 272. There is no doubt that seven of them: NRb I, NRb IV, NRm VI, VŠ I, VŠ II, VŠ III as well as that one from Rag-i Bibi depict the ruler. Identifi cation of the king in relief from Darabgerd is subject of further disputes. What enforces dating reliefs at Naqsh-i Rajab to 242 – 244 is lack of portrayals of enemies defeated by Shapur. Starting point for more precise dating of socalled triumph reliefs is identifi cation of persons appearing in them. There is no doubt about the relief at Naqsh-i Rustam. On the basis of ŠKZ text one ought to assume that it shows Philip the Arab and Valerian thus it should be dated to 260 – 272. The problem is over dating of reliefs at Bishapur. Damages of VŠ I relief allow only identifi cation of Philip the Arab and Gordian III that is why dating can be precised to solely 244-272. Lively discussion elicit another two reliefs of Shapur I at Bishapur . One of the most interesting hypotheses seems to be thesis advanced by B. Overlaet that Uranius Antoninus is the fi gure standing next to the king. Recognision of black stone of Emesa in VŠ III relief maintains the thesis. As far as stone identifi cation seems to be sure one should deliberate if Shapur I would place in the relief a person recognized by him as not equal to himself. It is unlikely from propaganda viewpoint. In that case we can refer to the king relation to Septimius Odenathus with whom he even did not start dialog. If we interpret the arrangement of relief we have to point that its composition refers to sculptures from Apadana in Persepolis. In the context of military activities and devastations of Syria by Persian forces one should not be astonished at symbolic representation of bringing gifts Syrians. For late dating of triumph reliefs indicates their asymmetrical composition which is untypical in case of Persian sculptures. One should recognize that they could be carved by Roman craftmen deported by Shapur I during wars with western neighbour. Anyway it does not help in more precise dating because fi rst deportation took place already in 253. Taking Valerian as prisoner seems to be the most important success of Shapur I. The emperor undoubtly was residing at Bishapur so in a natural way he was put in both VŠ II and VŠ III reliefs what allows their dating to 260-272. The above mentioned speculations do not make easier dating of the most controversial relief from Darabgerd what will be undoubtly subject of future disputes.
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Salsabila, Farah. „RELIEF PADA INTERIOR VIHARA AVALOKITESVARA“. Jurnal Patra 3, Nr. 2 (28.10.2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35886/patra.v3i2.240.
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Relief is an expression of feelings and thoughts poured on a flat plane whose flat surface becomes arising and its position is higher than its background. Reliefs have been known since the days of Hindu Buddha with the discovery oftangibleand culturalartifacts. In its development relief is also found in the building of Avalokitesvara Monastery, Serang Banten. This research method uses qualitative methods, where the analysis is more descriptive. Avalokitasvara Monastery building is located in Pamarican Village, Dermayon Village of Serang City, Banten Province. The Avalokitesvara monastery was built as a proof of Sheikh Sheikh Syarif Hidayatullah's love for Princess Ong Tien. The placement of reliefs in the Avalokitesvara Monastery is located on the wall of the main tunnel. Where there are 10 panels placed facing the right and left side walls, each has a different story. The relief also uses visualization of perspective techniques. Visualization on relief describes the situation of the community at the beginning of the initial construction of the monastery until today. The existence of reliefs in the monastery in addition to being an aesthetic element in the interior, but also acts as a medium to ensede the history of the monastery's journey.
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KHANIPOOR, Morteza, Hosseinali KAVOSH und Reza NASERI. „The reliefs of Naqš-e Rostam and a reflection on a forgotten relief, Iran“. Historia i Świat 6 (14.09.2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2017.06.04.
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As one of the most important archaeological sites in Iran and also because of its holiness, Naqš-e Rostam was always being paid attention through historic periods. The earliest remain of the site goes back to Elamite period while many more reliefs were then added in the Achaemenian and Sasanian periods. Except for the Elamite relief which later vanished as Bahram II relief was made over it in the Sasanian period, other reliefs of Naqš-e Rostam date to Sasanian period. However, it seems that there is one more relief which must be dated to Elamite time. This includes a standing human who has raised his hand in front of his face while represented in profile facing right. The relief was firstly introduced by Roaf who attributed it to Narseh, the Sasanian king. This paper firstly describes the relief and secondly suggests an alternative Elamite date as the result of comparative investigations.
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Yatsko, Andrew. „Adaptations of Relief for continuous domains of bioinformatics“. Artificial Intelligence Research 8, Nr. 1 (10.04.2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/air.v8n1p51.
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Relief occupies a niche among feature selection methods for data classification. Filters are faster, wrappers are much slower. Relief is feature-set-aware, same as wrappers. However, it is thought being able to deselect only irrelevant, but not redundant features, same as filters. Iterative Reliefs seek to increase the separation margin between classes in the anisotropic space defined by weighted features. Reliefs for continuous domains are much less developed than for categorical domains. The paper discusses a number of adaptations for continuous spaces with Euclidean or Manhattan metric. The ability of Relief to detect redundant features is demonstrated. A dramatic reduction of the feature-set is achieved in a health diagnostics problem.
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Harpawati, Tatik, und Ranang Agung Sugiharto. „ALIH WAHANA RELIEF CERITA BINATANG DI CANDI SOJIWAN KE DALAM FILM ANIMASI SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI BAGI ANAK“. Acintya Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya 12, Nr. 2 (07.05.2021): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/acy.v12i2.3585.
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ABSTRACTThis research is to create an animation as a vehicle for relief from animal stories, especially goats and elephants in Sojiwan Temple to be applied as character education for children. The animation model based on the reliefs of animal stories at Sojiwan Temple is useful for reviving story reliefs that are not recognized by children as local wisdom of the nation's culture. By transforming animal story reliefs into animation, it is hoped that the message of character education can be disseminated to the younger generation.Methods of creation and presentation: (1) exploration of ideas and ideas for creating animated creations based on relief of animal stories; (2) designing a model to find an animation design with a transfer approach; and (3) presenting the results of creating animated characters to facilitate the delivery of character education messages for children to strengthen the character of the younger generation. The results of this study indicate that 1) the reliefs of Sojiwan Temple are mostly in the form of potential animals to be used as references for animation creations and are loaded with good moral values for children's education; 2) the design of the animated characters of Gaga and Bingo, which originates from the form of an elephant and a goat, looks its uniqueness. Keywords: vehicle transfer, animal relief, animation, character, Sojiwan. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini untuk menciptakan animasi sebagai alih wahana dari relief cerita binatang khususnya kambing dan gajah di Candi Sojiwan untuk diterapkan sebagai pendidikan budi pekerti bagi anak. Model animasi berbasis relief cerita binatang di Candi Sojiwan bermanfaat untuk menghidupkan kembali relief cerita yang sudah tidak dikenali oleh anak-anak sebagai kearifan lokal budaya bangsa. Dengan mengalihwahanakan relief cerita binatang ke dalam bentuk animasi maka pesan pendidikan budi pekerti diharapkan dapat didesiminasikan kepada generasi muda.Metode penciptaan dan penyajian: (1) eksplorasi ide dan gagasan untuk penciptaan kreasi animasi berbasis relief cerita binatang; (2) perancangan model untuk menemukan desain animasi dengan pendekatan alihwahana; dan (3) penyajian hasil penciptaan karakter animasi guna mempermudah penyampaian pesan pendidikan budi pekerti bagi anak untuk memperkuat karakter generasi muda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) relief Candi Sojiwan yang mayoritas berbentuk binatang potensial untuk dijadikan referensi bagi kreasi animasi dan sarat dengan nilai moral yang bagus untuk edukasi anak-anak; 2) desain karakter animasi tokoh Gaga dan Bingo yang bersumber dari bentuk gajah dan kambing tampak kekhasannya. Kata kunci: alih wahana, relief binatang, animasi, budi pekerti, Sojiwan.
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Repe, Blaž. „Voda v prsti in ugotavljanje njenega razporejanja v odvisnosti od reliefa“. Dela, Nr. 28 (01.12.2007): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.28.91-106.
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Podatki o količini vode v prsteh Slovenije so skromni in še to so najpogosteje na voljo le v točkovni obliki, kar je težko posplošiti na večje območje. Zato smo razporeditev skušali oceniti na podlagi reliefnih podatkov. Kot merilo razporeditve vode v prsti v pokrajini smo uporabili reliefni indeks vlažnosti. Reliefni indeks vlažnosti kaže na stopnjo akumulacije vode v prsti na določeni izbrani lokaciji, ki je funkcija naklona na tej lokaciji in specifične površine porečja gorvodno od te točke.
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Bikas, Egidijus, und Lina Jurevičiūtė. „Impact of Tax Relief on Public Finance“. Economics and Culture 13, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2016-0016.
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Abstract Tax reliefs are optional, but a very important element of the taxation system. This element is used for different purposes by a country’s government institutions. Tax reliefs are a form of tax expenditure that helps to reduce budget revenues. Tax reliefs influence individual and corporate financial behaviour and can have positive or negative effects on the economic and social factors. In the last few years, expansion of tax relief has attracted worldwide attention because of the fact that, after the global financial crisis, many countries are still suffering from fiscal deficits, and expansion of tax relief has not contributed to solving this problem. Tax reliefs are presupposed to be a fiscal policy tool of significance in various subsystems of public finances. The main aim of this article is to examine the impact of personal income tax reliefs on Lithuanian public finances. To achieve this aim, statistical information was systemized; Monte Carlo method was used to group data by horizontal rows and logical links analysed, which helped to evaluate the influence of tax reliefs on public finances. In the simulations, the Monte Carlo method helped to simulate random samples, which were then examined by adapting the conclusions of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics methods.
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Restiyadi, Andri. „PENOKOHAN KRSNA DAN BALARĀMA DALAM RELIEF CERITA KRSNA DI CANDI LARA JONGGRANG“. Berkala Arkeologi 31, Nr. 2 (21.11.2011): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v31i2.394.
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Kṛṣṇa's Story Relief that carved on Lara Jonggrang Temple is an interesting relief which is rarely glimpsed as an object of research. This relief's depict Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma's life since childhood to adulthood. However, not all of the story is being carved, but the selected parts only. The aim of this research is to know how to characterize of Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma on that relief. This research will use instrinsic story builder approach that usually used in literacy criticism.
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Riyanti, Menul Teguh. „SUKUH TEMPLE IN KARANG ANYAR CENTRAL JAVA“. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, Nr. 10 (23.03.2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i10.2018.304.
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In the Majapahit royal government all elements including culture in the lives of the people, such as sculpture, literary arts, and stage art must all be religious. One of the very unique and specific relics of the Majapahit Kingdom is the Sukuh temple in Central Java, the uniqueness of the temple relief depicting the symbol of human reproduction. Sukuh Temple is a Hindu temple in Majapahit era located in Central Java, located in Sukuh Hamlet, Berjo Village, Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. The reason for choosing the title of Sukuh Temple has a feature that is not found in other temples, especially temples in Java especially. The aim is that the specialty and uniqueness of the Sukuh temple as one of the relief of the heyday of the Majapahit Kingdom This research aims to examine the functions and meanings of the depicting reliefs as a symbol of Hinduism found in Sukuh Temple. Relief findings contained in the Sukuh temple are manifestations of the gods glorified by Hindus so that they are highly sacred. The reliefs included lingga and yoni, garuda reliefs (garudeya stories), head reliefs, and turtle statues. The functions and meanings that are very prominent in the Sukuh Temple are symbols of lingga and yoni, believed to be a symbol of fertility, because it is believed that the origin of life originated from the meeting of two genitals, male and female.
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Yildirim, N. „Some Guidelines on the Use of Profile Reliefs of High Contact Ratio Spur Gears“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, Nr. 10 (01.10.2005): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x31977.
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With reference to the previous articles of the author(s) based on the systematic approach to the profile relief design of both low contact ratio and high contact ratio spur gears, some guidelines are drawn for the use of short and double reliefs of the HCRG profile design under the effect of realistic parameters like variable tooth stiffness and manufacturing errors regarding the profile relief values. Root stress of the double relief can be minimized by optimizing the maximum tooth load value, hence the tooth load diagram with constant and variable tooth stiffness. Interaction of the manufacturing errors with the relief parameters is put into a form of analytical relation between manufacturing grades, hence the manufacturing tolerance and some gear parameters such as contact ratio, base pitch, and the load at which the smooth transmission error curve is required. In case of double relief, design load plays a major role in its selection. A relation and also a tabular form of guideline are given: for the required manufacturing grade if the contact ratio and other gear parameters are known and for the minimum contact ratio required if the manufacturing grade of the gears are known for either of the two cases short and double reliefs.
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E, Posviatenko, Posviatenko N und Rybak I. „INCREASING THE OPERATING PROPERTIES OF THE MACHINE PARTS BY THE SURFACE RELIEFS“. National Transport University Bulletin 1, Nr. 48 (2021): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-1-48-270-282.
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The article discusses the direction of improving the operational properties of machine parts by applying regular reliefs to the surface/ Purpose - to develop a model, plan and methodology for experimental studies of regular reliefs and create their classification by purpose and methods of obtaining. The object of research - regular reliefs on the surface of machine parts. The hierarchy of the main factors that affect the profile of reliefs formed by triangular grooves is determined. This is the normal penetration force of a linear indenter, hardness and elongation of the experimental material. The optimization parameter is the groove depth. A mathematical model and research plan have been developed 23. The methodology and devices for conducting experiments are determined. These are hydraulic presses, linear indenters, optical microscopes, microhardness testers, test materials, instruments, and measuring instruments. Materials for research: alloyed and stainless steel, gray and malleable cast irons, bronze and brass, aluminum and titanium alloys. Classifications of reliefs according to the methods of obtaining and destination are developed. Production methods are based on cold plastic deformation and cutting. The basic methods for the study are static methods: the introduction of a dividing element with discrete drawing and a single protrusion of the shaped mandrel during reduction. The dependence of the depth and double angle of the relief groove on the normal force is shown. A new method for obtaining the surface of a part, including the alternation of supporting platforms and grooves is proposed. The method is carried out using machining and subsequent deformation pulling. A distinctive feature of the method is the use of an intermediate elastic sleeve. KEYWORDS: REGULAR RELIEF, COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION, LINEAR INDUCTOR, SURFACE OF PARTS, COATING, MODEL OF FORMATION OF RELIEF.
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E, Posviatenko, Posviatenko N und Rybak I. „INCREASING THE OPERATING PROPERTIES OF THE MACHINE PARTS BY THE SURFACE RELIEFS“. National Transport University Bulletin 1, Nr. 48 (2021): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-1-48-270-282.
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The article discusses the direction of improving the operational properties of machine parts by applying regular reliefs to the surface/ Purpose - to develop a model, plan and methodology for experimental studies of regular reliefs and create their classification by purpose and methods of obtaining. The object of research - regular reliefs on the surface of machine parts. The hierarchy of the main factors that affect the profile of reliefs formed by triangular grooves is determined. This is the normal penetration force of a linear indenter, hardness and elongation of the experimental material. The optimization parameter is the groove depth. A mathematical model and research plan have been developed 23. The methodology and devices for conducting experiments are determined. These are hydraulic presses, linear indenters, optical microscopes, microhardness testers, test materials, instruments, and measuring instruments. Materials for research: alloyed and stainless steel, gray and malleable cast irons, bronze and brass, aluminum and titanium alloys. Classifications of reliefs according to the methods of obtaining and destination are developed. Production methods are based on cold plastic deformation and cutting. The basic methods for the study are static methods: the introduction of a dividing element with discrete drawing and a single protrusion of the shaped mandrel during reduction. The dependence of the depth and double angle of the relief groove on the normal force is shown. A new method for obtaining the surface of a part, including the alternation of supporting platforms and grooves is proposed. The method is carried out using machining and subsequent deformation pulling. A distinctive feature of the method is the use of an intermediate elastic sleeve. KEYWORDS: REGULAR RELIEF, COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION, LINEAR INDUCTOR, SURFACE OF PARTS, COATING, MODEL OF FORMATION OF RELIEF.
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Hardyta, Galy, Yosephine Laura Raynardia Esti Nugrahini, Fransiska Dian Ekarini, Natalia Dewi Setyowening und Elisa. „Study of Large Ruminants Diversity in Java at Eighth Century Based on Borobudur Temple Reliefs“. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) 9, Nr. 2 (06.11.2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v9i2.247.
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Large ruminants, consisting of cattle and buffalo, have played an important role in human life from the past to the present. Information about the utilization of large ruminants was often found in inscriptions in ancient Java. Unfortunately, the diversity of these large ruminants was not described in detail. The reliefs of the temples can be used as a consideration in understanding the diversity of large ruminants based on the morphological characteristics carved in the reliefs. Borobudur Temple, a historical building from the 8th century AD which was rich in reliefs, can be used as a data source to find information about the diversity of the large ruminants in Java. The aims of this study was to find the diversity of the large ruminants in Java in the 8th century based on the reliefs at Borobudur Temple. The research was conducted by observing various large ruminant images contained in the reliefs of Borobudur Temple. The results of the observations were interpreted and clustered based on their morphological characteristics. The results showed that there were ten relief panels containing images of cattle and nine relief panels containing images of buffalo. Based on the observed morphological characteristics, it could be concluded that there was only one breed of cattle and buffalo, respectively zebu (Bos indicus) and wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee).
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Alamsyah und Laksono Arido. „The Craft of Relief Carving Art and Its Impact on The 21st Century Jepara Craftsmen's Economic Life“. E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 10023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187310023.
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The article on “The Craft of Relief Carving Relief Art and Its Impact on the 21st Century Jepara Craftsmen's Economic Life” describes the craft of relief carving which has an impact on the economic life of the Jepara craftsmen. The existence of Jepara relief art had been proven historiographical. Relief art has existed since the time of Queen Kalinyamat in the 16th century. The artifacts of relief carving art in Queen Kalinyamat's period are found in Mantingan Mosque in Jepara. The relief of carving craft gets its influences from various fields, including the influence of religion, local culture, Chinese culture, and others. In the 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century, relief craft increasingly innovated by enriching motifs and decorative reliefs in the form of flora, fauna and other motifs. Through various motives in the relief craft, the craftsmen get economic impact in the form of job sustainability.
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Lelono, Hari. „RELIEF CANDI SEBAGAI MEDIA EFEKTIF UNTUK MENYAMPAIKAN INFORMASI MORAL-DIDAKTIF PADA MASA JAWA KUNA“. Berkala Arkeologi 36, Nr. 1 (31.05.2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v36i1.227.
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The establishment of temple as sacred buildings of Shivaism/Buddhism in Ancient Javanese Period aimed to worship gods. Temples are, decorated by reliefs contain moraleducational message to support their aim. Stories or non stories depicted on the relief functioned as information/publication medium for adult as well as children. This article examines why relief was used in Hinduism-Buddhism Period to deliver moral-educational message to them. Methods used is observation on the relief stories carved on temples in Central and East Jav, analysis, and interpretation based on literature study.
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Goroncharovskii, Vladimir A., und Tatiana S. Tikhonova. „ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF BOSPORAN RELIEFS WITH REPRESENTATION OF CYBELE, HERMES AND HECATE“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, Nr. 1 (2023): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2023-1-10-21.
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The article deals with the limestone dedicatory relief which was found in Gorgippia. It has the form of a naisk and depicts Cybele on the throne, Hermes with oinochoe and Hecate with two torches. On the cornice of the pediment there is a partially preserved inscription ΑΡTEΜΙ [---], apparently containing the name of the dedicator. As for the dating of the layer from which the reused relief comes, it was probably made in the early 3rd century BC. This allows us to reconsider the dating of other reliefs on the same subject from the Northern Black Sea Coast. Hitherto many researchers have suggested that these reliefs can be dated between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. But analogies from the territory of Attica confirm the point of view proposed here
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Hafli, Teuku Mudi, F. Fasdarsyah und David Sarana. „PENDAMPINGAN TUKANG RELIEF BANGUNAN DI DESA UTEUNKOT KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE“. JURNAL HURRIAH: Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan dan Penelitian 3, Nr. 4 (28.12.2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56806/jh.v3i4.105.
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Uteunkot is one of the villages in Lhokseumawe City which is one of the fostered villages of Malikussaleh University. As time went on, the increase in population had an effect on changes in land use in Uteukot Village, at first a lot of land was dormant and not used, but with the increasing number of requests for residential houses and boarding houses, there were an increasing number of residential buildings in Uteunkot Village. With the addition of boarding houses or dwellings in the village of Uteunkot, the builders, especially relief workers, were not matched to beautify the appearance of the dwellings or boarding houses in the village. Relief is a sculptural art that is usually done on wood or stone media. Relieving is a job in the construction field that is the most difficult, because it requires perseverance, patience, accuracy and skill. Therefore, a training in the process of making reliefs is needed for builders in the village of Uteunkot. The method used in this activity is to conduct counseling in the form of providing theoretical views regarding positive impacts in the field of relief and relief structures of buildings. After conducting counseling, the training will be continued by installing good and correct reliefs.
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Siagian, Ade Onny, und Hadion Wijoyo. „Analisis Intertekstualitas di Relief Candi Prambanan Makna Fisik Wanita“. Jurnal Media dan Komunikasi Indonesia 3, Nr. 1 (29.03.2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmki.69999.
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The existence of women, especially regarding their physical beauty and beauty, is not a myth found in works of art or literature, including those found in temple reliefs. Many temple reliefs in Indonesia depict women and their exoticism, both physically and their activities and position in society. Prambanan Temple is a temple that is known to be closely related to the figure of a beautiful woman named Roro Jongrang who occupies the main statue. In addition to the main statue, on the reliefs of the walls of Prambanan Temple there are also reliefs about other women. This relief is a text that describes women and their existence. This study seeks to explore and interpret the physical woman on the wall reliefs of Prambanan Temple. The research was conducted by using semiotic-semanalytic analysis of Juli Kristeva. The results of the intertextual research show that almost all of the women's physical relief panels at Prambanan Temple are constructed to read the signs on the reliefs as a text, so that the story or story conveyed can be easily recognized and understood. The meaning of genotext in the context of women on temple wall reliefs who appear without a physical cover or naked is a common thing or a habit in society based on geographical and social conditions. The upper physical nudity of women at that time did not affect the views of the people around, especially men. Because women are chosen not based on their body shape but other attractions that are sometimes mystical. The meaning of phenotext, women who appear naked has a negative meaning and leads to pornography, can cause unlimited male attraction, can become victims of sexual crimes, and can even be in contact with the law.
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Wołowiec, Tomasz, und Dariusz Reśko. „CLASSIFICATION OF TAX RELIEFS AND EXEMPTIONS IN POLISH TAX SYSTEM“. International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 4, Nr. 2 (30.12.2016): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4537.
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The main aim of this article is to present the classification of reliefs and exemptions in the Polish tax system. We analyzed the provisions of the Tax Code nad general tax law. The study compared individual reliefs and exemptions pointing out the differences and special their features. We find out main conclusions about the nature of the application, indicating the directions of the ways of modification relief and exemptions in Polish tax law.
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Marchak, A. „The methods morphometric analysis’ of basinal systems’ within mountain territories using GIS (case study of the Chornogora’s part of Prut’s basin)“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 2, Nr. 40 (12.12.2012): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2012.40.2085.
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In the article is given the methods of fulfillment consecutive stages of the relief morphometric analysis of basinal systems' within mountain territories using software package ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 9.3 (case study of the Chornogora's part of Prut's basin). The results of fulfillment this algorithm is developed digital elevation model, range of analytical and synthetic morphometric maps and hypsographical profiles, circular charts, bar diagrams, plots and tables of relief's various morphometric parameters as well as apportionment for their further complex morphogenetical analysis. Key words: morphometric analysis of the relief, geoinformation systems, geoinformation data base, digital elevation models, morphometric parameters of the relief, analytical and synthetic morphometric maps.
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Setyaningrum, Fery, und Heni Siswantari. „RAGAM HIAS MOTIF BATIK MELALUI RELIEF FLORA CANDI BOROBUDUR PADA MAHASISWA PGSD FKIP UAD“. SCHOOL EDUCATION JOURNAL PGSD FIP UNIMED 11, Nr. 4 (30.12.2021): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v11i4.30447.
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His study aims to describe the implementation of the decorative reliefs of the Borobudur temple flora on the batik motifs of PGSD FKIP UAD students. The research method that will be used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation, and document review. Data analysis techniques that will be used in the form of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study were the implementation of various relief batik motifs through the reliefs of the flora of the Borobudur temple on the work of PGSD UAD students. The motifs that appear in the decorative motifs made by students are geometric and non-gemetric batik motifs combined with flora reliefs in the form of frangipani trees, lotus trees, banana trees and lotus trees. Student works are in the form of 2-dimensional works with the identification of elements of straight, curved, zigzag and irregular lines, geometric expressions, organic expressions, multi-angled faces, and irregular shapes. and tertiary, playing dark and light, applying the principles of composition work. Keywords: Decorative Variety, Batik Motif, Relief
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Silnović, Nirvana. „To Carry the Universe in One's Own Pocket: A Miniature Mithraic Relief from the Archaeological Museum in Split“. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 58, Nr. 1-4 (Dezember 2018): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2018.58.1-4.18.
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Summary A miniature relief representing the scene of tauroctony, i.e. Mithras killing the bull, is on display in the Archaeological Museum in Split. Despite its visibility, the relief has so far remained unpublished. It is therefore the aim of this article to provide the detailed description of the object, and to contextualize it within the broader framework of “small and miniature reproductions of the Mithraic icon”. Based on this, the original provenance and dating of the miniature relief are proposed. Furthermore, the relief is taken as a fine example of interconnectedness of social, material, and religious mobility in “globalizing Roman world”. The final part of the article discusses the psychological effectiveness of miniature Mithraic reliefs, suggesting their possible role as memory aids.
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Rodogno, Davide. „Beyond Relief: A Sketch of the Near East Relief's Humanitarian Operations, 1918-1929“. Monde(s) 6, Nr. 2 (2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mond.142.0045.
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Galushkin, Alexander Alexeevich, Sofia Lvovna Gonobobleva, Vadim Alexandrovich Parfenov und Anton Alexandrovich Zhuravlev. „Application of 3D Scanning for Documentation and Creation of Physical Copies of Estampages“. Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 40, Nr. 1 (26.03.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2018-0010.
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Abstract This article discusses the creation of a 3D archive and physical copies of paper reliefs (estamages). A matrix of the estampage is fabricated by the combined use of 3D scanning technology and additive technologies which can then be used for the documentation and conservation of the original estampage. In order to digitize the relief, an optical 3D scanner based on structured light was used and the processing of the 3D model is discussed in detail. Scanning data is uploaded into the microprocessor of a 3D laser printer using stereolithography technology which then creates a conservation matrix. The accuracy of relief reproduction is assessed by comparing its 3D model with 3D models of replicas obtained with the help of 3D printers. The experimental research showed that it is possible to create 3D archives and reproduction of reliefs. This approach is fundamentally new in the practice of museums and archives.
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ALEXANDRESCU, Cristina-Georgeta. „Return from the Hunt: a Re-Discovered Votive Relief from Northern Moesia Inferior“. STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 29, Nr. 2 (2023): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2023-29-2-6.
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Recent archival materials brought to attention a fragmentary marble votive relief found near Tulcea depicting the so-called Thracian horseman as a hunter with the prey in his raised right hand. This iconographic variant is very rare outside Thracia and the Balkans region. The evidence of the votive reliefs of the Thracian horseman in the northern Moesia Inferior is not rich but features a great iconographical variety, hinting at an intended choice from the part of the dedicants of the votives and great awareness of the iconographical composition. The material (imported marble) and the dimensions of several of the reliefs uncovered up to now in the region are quite large and make plausible the idea of votives intended for cult places/sanctuaries. The relief discussed is singular among the similar finds in the region, for it bears also an inscription on its upper border.
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Mänd, Anu. „Power, Memory, and Allegiance“. East Central Europe 47, Nr. 1 (11.04.2020): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-04701009.
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A dozen limestone reliefs with the coats of arms of a bishop and a bishopric have survived from the churches and castles of late medieval Livonia (a historical region roughly corresponding to present-day Estonia and Latvia). This article discusses a selection of those reliefs in western Estonia, in the two centers—Haapsalu and Kuressaare—of the former Saare-Lääne Bishopric. In earlier scholarship, these reliefs have been studied from the perspective of architectural history and connected with the construction or reconstruction of the buildings. The article will offer a different perspective and investigate the role of the reliefs in the context of symbolic communication, rituals of power, and visual commemoration. In the chapel of the Kuressaare castle, there is also a relief with the coat of arms of Pope Leo x, which raises the questions of who commissioned it, when, and why.
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Setyawan, Hari. „IDENTIFIKASI DAN PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN MASA JAWA KUNA: STUDI KASUS RELIEF RAMAYANA DAN KRESNAYANA CANDI PRAMBANAN“. Naditira Widya 16, Nr. 1 (12.12.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/nw.v16i1.498.
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Kerajaan Mataram Kuno di Jawa Tengah merupakan kerajaan agraris yang berkembang pada masa Jawa Kuno abad ke-8-10 M. Salah satu data arkeologi yang monumental dari masa tersebut adalah Candi Prambanan yang memiliki pahatan relief naturalis dengan tema cerita Ramayana dan Kresnayana. Pada relief tersebut juga digambarkan tanaman yang dapat diidentifikasi jenisnya. Penggambaran tanaman pada relief Ramayana dan Kresnayana dapat digunakan sebagai petunjuk kondisi lingkungan Jawa Kuno di kawasan Prambanan pada masa lalu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pengamatan langsung terhadap data yang dijaring secara purposive sampling. Sampel data yang diidentifikasi adalah tanaman-tanaman yang dipahatkan pada relief-relief Candi Prambanan. Hasil identifikasi data selanjutnya diinterpretasikan merujuk pada prasasti-prasasti dan naskah kesusastraan Jawa Kuno yang relevan. Sintesis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelompokan dalam pengelolaan tanaman di kawasan Prambanan pada masa Jawa Kuno adalah tanaman pangan, tanaman komersial, tanaman keras, tanaman obat, dan tanaman hias. Lebih lanjut, dipahami pula bahwa pengelolaan tanaman pada masa Jawa Kuno sangat diperhatikan oleh penguasa. Aspek praktis penelitian ini memberikan peluang bagi tanaman-tanaman tersebut untuk dapat dibudidayakan kembali pada masa kini sebagai upaya konservasi lingkungan.
The Ancient Mataram Kingdom in Central Java was an agrarian state that developed during the ancient Javanese era of the 8th-10th century. One of the monumental archaeological data from that period is the Prambanan Temple which has naturalist relief sculptures with themes of the Ramayana and Kresnayana Epics. The reliefs also depict identifiable plants of that period. The depiction of plants in the reliefs of Ramayana and Kresnayana indicate the environmental conditions of Ancient Java in the Prambanan region in the past. This research was conducted by directly observing the data collected by purposive sampling. The data samples identified were plants carved on the reliefs of the Prambanan Temple. The results of data identification were then interpreted by referring to the relevant Old Javanese inscriptions and literary texts. The research synthesis shows that the grouping in the management of plants in the Prambanan area during the Old Javanese period were food plants, cash crops, perennials, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Furthermore, it is also understood that the management of plants during the Old Javanese period was highly considered by the authorities. The practical aspect of this research provides an opportunity for these plants to be cultivated again today as an environmental conservation effort.
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Popa, Elena Isabela. „RIPPING OPEN ARAB WOMEN IN RELIEF BM 124927 FROM ASHURBANIPAL’S NORTHERN PALACE. BUT WHY ARAB WOMEN? A FEMINIST READING ON VIOLENCE AND OTHERNESS“. Revista CICSA online, Serie Nouă, Nr. 7 (2021): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/cicsa.2021.7.2.
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Neo-Assyrian reliefs are known to depict various types of violent acts performed by the conquerors against their defeated enemies. The visual material speaks volumes about Assyrian state ideology, and about how the Assyrian elite viewed their adversaries. The latter should be submitted to all kinds of atrocities to emphasize the king’s glory and the greatness of the god Assur. The reliefs usually depict gruesome scenes, but the vast majority of those who suffer such a fate consists of enemy soldiers and leaders, and are almost exclusively men. In Neo-Assyrian war reliefs, women are seldom represented and they are not shown as victims of the atrocious conduct of the conquering armies. Nonetheless, there is a striking representation of violence against women depicted in the so-called relief BM 124927 from Ashurbanipal’s Northern Palace, hosted nowadays by the British Museum. Even though the ripping of enemy pregnant women seems to be a topos in the Hebrew Bible, it is rarely encountered in the Mesopotamian area which makes this relief even more interesting. In this article, I will try to discuss why such an atrocity was committed against the Arab women, what makes them different, and why they are the only female victims of the Assyrian rampage depicted in the visual sources.
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Lelono, Hari. „THE RELIEF OF CANDI AS AN EFFECTIVE MEDIA TO DELIVER MORAL-DIDACTIC MESSAGE IN ANCIENT JAVA“. Berkala Arkeologi 36, Nr. 1 (31.05.2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/berkalaarkeologi.v36i1.79.
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ABSTRACTThe establishment of temple as sacred buildings of Shivaism/Buddhism in AncientJavanese Period aimed to worship gods. Temples are, decorated by reliefs contain moraleducationalmessage to support their aim. Stories or non stories depicted on the relief functionedas information/publication medium for adult as well as children. This article examines why reliefwas used in Hinduism-Buddhism Period to deliver moral-educational message to them. Methodsused is observation on the relief stories carved on temples in Central and East Jav, analysis, andinterpretation based on literature study.
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Yang, Xiulan, Minzhao Gu, Qunmei Wei, Yang Zhang, Sihan Wu, Qin Wu, Xiaowen Hu, Wei Zhao und Guofu Zhou. „Photo-Embossed Surface Relief Structures with Improved Aspect Ratios and Their Applications in Liquid Crystal Devices“. Polymers 14, Nr. 1 (02.01.2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010171.
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Photo-embossing has been developed as a convenient and economical method for creating complex surface relief structures in polymer films. The pursuit for large aspect ratios of the photo-embossed structures has never stopped. Here, we demonstrate a simple strategy to obtain improved aspect ratios by adding a quick solvent developing step into the photo-embossing process. A good solvent for the monomer is used to remove unreacted monomers from the unexposed region, resulting in deepened valleys of the surface reliefs. In a polymer film as thin as 2.5 µm, the height of the surface reliefs can be increased by a factor of three to around 1.0 µm. This strategy is also shown to be compatible with other methods used to improve the aspect ratios of the photo-embossed structures. Lastly, we employ these surface relief structures in the fabrication of liquid crystal (LC) devices and investigate their performances for visible light regulation.
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Damai, Andry Hikari, Theodorus Aries Bryan Nugraha Setiawan Kusuma und Andika Witono. „Komunikasi Visual Dalam Relief Karmawibhangga Candi Borobudur“. PANALUNGTIK 3, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v3i2.44.
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Relief is a 3-dimensional work of art carved on a rock that is related to religious teachings, both Hindu and Buddhist. Relief is used to show religious lessons to followers, one of the relief is the Karmawibhangga relief found in Borobudur Temple which explains about karma law lessons using the community background at that time. This research will discuss the problem of depicting life in Karmawibhangga relief which can be a visual communication medium in the Mataram Kuno era. The purpose of this research was to determine the role of reliefs related to the values of social life and the values of the great traditions of the Karmawibhangga relief at Borobudur Temple. This study used a descriptive analysis method with primary data based on direct observation of the Karmawibhangga relief object at Borobudur Temple, and secondary data in the form of photos from a collection from the Borobudur Temple Conservation Center, as well as literature studies. In visual communication, aesthetics is a part that contains aspects of natural configuration so as to convey the message as a whole. Relief Karmawibhangga is a visual communication medium that depicts life in the ancient Mataram era.
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Dulova, I., und N. Bondarenko. „AN IMPROVED PHOTOCLINOMETRY TECHNIQUE FOR SURFACE RELIEF RETRIEVAL FROM IMAGES: ERROR LEVELS FOR HEIGHT AND SLOPE ESTIMATES“. RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY 28, Nr. 4 (2023): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rpra28.04.304.
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Subject and Purpose. Computer simulation methods are used for investigating the errors that arise in the course of retrieval, by means of an improved photoclinometry technique, of planetary surface reliefs from sets of their photo images. The work has been aimed at evaluating the level of errors in numerically calculated heights and slopes of the reliefs, as retrieved from images with a variety of signal-to-noise ratios, also including estimates for possibly minimal errors. Methods and Methodology. The improved photoclinometry approach permits calculating the most probable relief realizations for parts of a planetary surface, proceeding from sets of their photographic images. Two optional ways for implementing the method are analyzed, namely application of an optimized Fourier transform-based filtering, or solution of Poisson’s equation within the finite- difference technique. Results. Computer experiments have demonstrated that the reliefs retrievable from photo images with the use of the improved photoclinometry methods are always qualitatively similar to real ones. In the case of calculations within the finite-difference method the level of errors in height determination made 0.21s0 to 0.27s0, where s0 stands for the root-mean-square deviation in the height of the relief being modeled. In the case of application of the Fourier analysis-based method the level of errors in the calculated heights varied between 0.86s0 and 0.33s0, while the signal-to-noise ratio for the initial images changed from 1.0 to 100. Within this version of the method the theoretical prediction for the lowest error in the calculated height varied from 0.83s0 to 0.13s0. The relief belonging to the middle portion of the area under study is always retrievable to a better accuracy, as compared with the sites adjacent to the image borders, no matter which of the two available techniques has been applied. Conclusions. The improved photoclinometry method allows retrieving surface reliefs from sets of their images, with error levels for estimates of height equaling either 0.21s0 to 0.27s0 (in the case of application of the finite difference computational technique), or 0.33s0 (if the Fourier analysis has been applied, with the signal-to-noise ratio SNR 50). It is recommended that relief retrieval were performed over sites of a larger surface area than might be strictly necessary for the purpose, since the error value estimated for the middle part of the site always turns out to be several times smaller than the error calculated over the entire area under study.
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Marazzi, Massimiliano, Natalia Bolatti Guzzo und Leopoldo Repola. „Neue Untersuchungen zu den Felsreliefs von Sirkeli“. Altorientalische Forschungen 46, Nr. 2 (06.11.2019): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0015.
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Abstract The rock reliefs of Sirkeli represent an important testimony among the Hittite monuments with hieroglyphic inscriptions. In addition to the relief of King Muwatalli, a second relief was identified in 1994, whose hieroglyphic inscription seemed irretrievably lost. Based on a cooperation between the Swiss Archaeological Mission at Sirkeli and the Centro Interistituzionale Euromediterraneo of the University Suor Orsola in Naples, a 3D survey with technologically advanced instruments was carried out in 2017. This contribution presents the first results of this project and the new perspectives that they offer for further research.
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Gerstein, Gregory, Marc Nowak, Marten Sebastian Bierbaum, Tatjana Zhuravina, Mirko Schaper und Friedrich Wilhelm Bach. „Increase the Deformability of NiCo Single Crystals Using of Electrical Pulse-Like Currents“. Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (Februar 2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.143.
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The effect of short-term electrical pulses on metallic single crystals, with and without the application of external mechanical stresses, was investigated with the aid of deformation reliefs. The nickel-cobalt single crystals were subjected to electrical pulses and subsequently microscopically measured. In doing this, it was established that an electrical pulse without a simultaneously applied mechanical stress, has no influence on the deformation relief. It was possible to show that on loading the single crystal with a mechanical stress, the deformation relief significantly changes even when the stress was markedly below the flow stress.
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Soedjono, Soeprapto. „Creative by Way of Adaption: Ramayana Relief of Prambanan Temple“. Journal of Urban Society's Arts 2, Nr. 2 (10.10.2015): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v2i2.1447.
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Artikel ini membahas tentang proses penciptaan karya seni berdasarkan teori adaptasi sebagaimana yang didiskusikan oleh Linda Hutcheon dalam bukunya yang berjudul: A Theory of Adaptation. Penekanan pembahasan lebih diletakkan pada aspek-aspek estetis visual yang terdapat pada karya seni relief naratif yang mengelilingi sepanjang dinding bagian dalam candi Prambanan di Kalasan, Yogyakarta. Sebagaimana tema relief yang diadaptasi dari ceritera legenda Ramayana yang ditulis oleh Walmiki pada waktu silam, maka proses penciptaan relief tersebut pada masa berikutnya diyakini mengikuti prosedur teori adaptasi tersebut. This article aims to discuss the creation of arts based upon the theory of adaptation that had been laid on by Linda Hutcheon in her book called A Theory of Adaptation. The discussion has put emphasis on the elaboration of any visual aesthetics aspects embodied within the Ramayana sculptural program in the narrative relief which is encircling along Prambanan temple inner wall in Kalasan, Yogyakarta. Since the relief’s theme is derived from the ancient epic story of Ramayana legend (by Valmiki), it is plausible that the later creative process of the relief work was created through the adaptation theory procedure.
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Pheungpha, Noppawan, Bambang Supriyono, Andy Fefta Wijaya und Sujarwoto Sujarwoto. „Modes of Network Governance in Disaster Reliefs: Case of Bangkok Flood Relief 2011“. Public Administration Issues, Nr. 6 (2019): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2019-0-6-77-93.
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