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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Reliable qualitative care"
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Verberne, Lisa M., Antoinette YN Schouten-van Meeteren, Diederik K. Bosman, Derk A. Colenbrander, Charissa T. Jagt, Martha A. Grootenhuis, Johannes JM van Delden und Marijke C. Kars. „Parental experiences with a paediatric palliative care team: A qualitative study“. Palliative Medicine 31, Nr. 10 (01.02.2017): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216317692682.
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Background: Parents of children with a life-limiting disease have to rely on themselves at home while adequate paediatric palliative care is lacking. In several countries, paediatric palliative care teams are introduced to ensure continuity and quality of care and to support the child and the family. Yet, little is known about how parents experience such multidisciplinary teams. Aim: To obtain insight into the support provided by a new paediatric palliative care team from the parents’ perspective. Design: An interpretative qualitative interview study using thematic analysis was performed. Setting/participants: A total of 47 single or repeated interviews were undertaken with 42 parents of 24 children supported by a multidisciplinary paediatric palliative care team located at a university children’s hospital. The children suffered from malignant or non-malignant diseases. Results: In advance, parents had limited expectations of the paediatric palliative care team. Some had difficulty accepting the need for palliative care for their child. Once parents experienced what the team achieved for their child and family, they valued the team’s involvement. Valuable elements were as follows: (1) process-related aspects such as continuity, coordination of care, and providing one reliable point of contact; (2) practical support; and (3) the team members’ sensitive and reliable attitude. As a point of improvement, parents suggested more concrete clarification upfront of the content of the team’s support. Conclusion: Parents feel supported by the paediatric palliative care team. The three elements valued by parents probably form the structure that underlies quality of paediatric palliative care. New teams should cover these three valuable elements.
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Lisy, Karolina, Jennifer Kent, Jodi Dumbrell, Helana Kelly, Amanda Piper und Michael Jefford. „Sharing Cancer Survivorship Care between Oncology and Primary Care Providers: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals’ Experiences“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, Nr. 9 (16.09.2020): 2991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092991.
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Survivorship care that is shared between oncology and primary care providers may be a suitable model to effectively and efficiently care for the growing survivor population, however recommendations supporting implementation are lacking. This qualitative study aimed to explore health care professionals’ (HCPs) perceived facilitators and barriers to the implementation, delivery and sustainability of shared survivorship care. Data were collected via semi-structured focus groups and analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results identified four overarching themes: (1) considerations for HCPs; (2) considerations regarding patients; (3) considerations for planning and process; and (4) policy implications. For HCPs, subthemes included general practitioner (GP, primary care physician) knowledge and need for further training, having clear protocols for follow-up, and direct communication channels between providers. Patient considerations included identifying patients suitable for shared care, discussing shared care with patients early in their cancer journey, and patients’ relationships with their GPs. Regarding process, subthemes included rapid referral pathways back to hospital, care coordination, and ongoing data collection to inform refinement of a dynamic model. Finally, policy implications included development of policy to support a consistent shared care model, and reliable and sustainable funding mechanisms. Based on study findings, a set of recommendations for practice and policy were developed.
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Pratesi, Alessandro. „Exploring the Emotional Experience of Same-Sex Parents by Mixing Creatively Multiple Qualitative Methods“. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 11, Nr. 2 (April 2012): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100209.
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In this paper I address some of the main challenges and benefits of doing qualitative research with a specific type of ‘informal caregivers’, i.e. those who have been thus far excluded from the conceptual category of “normal” caregivers and from normal research on informal care: same-sex parents. The research presented in this paper is an example of a qualitative, inclusive approach to studying the felt and lived experience of 33 same-sex parents. It draws on a wider study on 80 informal caregivers, who were different in terms of gender, type of care, marital status, and sexual orientation. Its aim was to offer a more inclusive interpretation and a more reliable discourse on family care and parenthood. The research objective was to gain insights into the emotional mechanisms through which the dynamics of inclusion or exclusion are interactionally and situationally constructed and/or challenged while doing care. In this paper I illustrate the mix of creative, qualitative methods I employed to explore the experiences of a group of same-sex parents living in Philadelphia (USA).
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Tajabadi, Ali, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Afsaneh Sadooghi Asl und Mojtaba Vaismoradi. „Unsafe nursing documentation: A qualitative content analysis“. Nursing Ethics 27, Nr. 5 (02.09.2019): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019871682.
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Background Nursing documentation as a pivotal part of nursing care has many implications for patient care in terms of safety and ethics. Objectives To explore factors influencing nursing documentation from nurses’ perspectives in the Iranian nursing context. Methods This qualitative study was carried out using a qualitative content analysis of data collected from 2018 to 2019 in two urban areas of Iran. Semi-structured interviews (n = 15), observations, and reviews of patients’ medical files were used for data collection. Ethical considerations This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of research and regulations in terms of confidentiality of data, anonymity, and provision of informed consent. Findings The main theme of this study was “unsafe documentation.” Two categories, “types of errors in reporting” and “reasons of errors in reporting,” and 12 subcategories were developed indicating factors influencing nursing documentation in the Iranian nursing context. Conclusion In general, individual, organizational, and national factors affected nursing documentation in Iran. In this respect, hiring more nurses, application of reforms in the healthcare management structure, devising appropriate regulations regarding division of labor, constant education of healthcare staff, establishment of clinical governance, improvement of interpersonal relationships, development of hardware and software techniques for documentation, and provision of support should be done to improve the quality of nursing documentation. The above-mentioned suggestions can help nurses with a safe, ethical, lawful, and reliable documentation in nursing practice.
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Babaei, Sima, und Shahla Abolhasani. „Family’s Supportive Behaviors in the Care of the Patient Admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit: A Qualitative Study“. Journal of Caring Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2020.012.
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Introduction: A life-threatening illness can cause the involvement of family members and the imposition of psychological and physical stress on them. Certainly, the family is a very valuable resource in patient care and plays an important role in maintaining the emotional support and patient’s recovery. The aim of this study was to explain the family members’ supporting behaviors of the patient admitted to the cardiac special units. Methods: This qualitative study was performed in the cardiac special units in Isfahan. The number of participants was 20, including 5 nurses, 8 family members, and 7 patients. The data were collected through interview and observation by purposive sampling. Then, the data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method. The study lasted 12 months. Results: Data analysis showed that family’s support can be classified into three levels, including support by the therapeutic alliance (attempts to console and reassure, restoration of selfesteem, diminishing patient’s insensitivity, commitment to the patient, and visiting the patient ), participatory information (obtaining reliable information from the nurse, active role in providing meaningful information about the patient’s prognosis), practical and instrumental support (searching for economic support resources, providing the patient with the necessary equipment, trying to do the right care taking into account the family culture). Conclusion: Understanding family’s supportive behaviors can help improve counseling and planning for quality care of patients admitted to the cardiac care units (CCUs).
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Herrijgers, Corinne, Karolien Poels, Heidi Vandebosch, Tom Platteau, Jacques van Lankveld und Eric Florence. „Harm Reduction Practices and Needs in a Belgian Chemsex Context: Findings from a Qualitative Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 23 (04.12.2020): 9081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239081.
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Chemsex is a growing public health concern, with little evidence-based care and support available. The aim of this study is to understand current risk reduction practices, and the information and care needs of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) who engage in chemsex. Between January and March 2020, semi structured in-depth interviews with drug-using GBMSM (n = 20) were conducted. Data were analyzed thematically. The reported preparatory measures were: deliberately scheduling chemsex sessions, and discussing preferences regarding setting and attendees. During the event, a logbook is kept to monitor drugs taken by each participant. People try to take care of each other, but this is often counteracted. Respondents highlighted needs: reliable and easily-accessible information, anonymous medical and psychological healthcare, chemsex-specific care, and a value-neutral safe space to talk about chemsex experiences. Results imply two types of users: planned and impulsive users. Adherence to intended harm reduction practices are complicated by drug effects, peer pressure, and feelings of distrust among users.
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Avent, Elizabeth S., Laura Rath, Kylie Meyer, Donna Benton und Paul Nash. „SUPPORTING FAMILY CAREGIVERS: HOW DOES RELATIONSHIP STRAIN OCCUR IN CAREGIVING DYADS? A QUALITATIVE STUDY“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1066.
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Abstract Family members and spouses are usually the primary caregivers for older adults. Providing direct care can be stressful, strenuous, and time-consuming for caregivers, potentially leading to frustration and anger towards care recipients. This can be detrimental to the relationship quality of the caregiving dyad. Though caregiver strain and burden have been extensively studied, there is limited information on the development of relationship strain. To explore how relationship strain occurs between caregivers and care recipients, 8 focus groups (N=62) and 8 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with caregivers in Los Angeles, inquiring about relationship quality with their care recipients and when frustration and anger occurs. Inductive coding was used to create coding schemas. Findings showed that most caregivers reported relationship strain occurring after taking on the caregiving role, and frustration and anger arose when providing ADLs, especially during bathing and toileting. Although these caregivers had initially experienced strain in their relationships, a recurring theme that emerged was that they developed strategies to decrease frustration and anger and improve the quality of their relationships with their care recipients. Direct communication with caregivers is important in designing a structured and effective intervention. These findings help inform an intervention for new caregivers to help them identify what can lead to relationship strain, as well as teach them reliable strategies to manage frustration and anger towards their care recipients.
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Murugesu, Laxsini, Olga C. Damman, Marloes E. Derksen, Danielle R. M. Timmermans, Ank de Jonge, Ellen M. A. Smets und Mirjam P. Fransen. „Women’s Participation in Decision-Making in Maternity Care: A Qualitative Exploration of Clients’ Health Literacy Skills and Needs for Support“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (27.01.2021): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031130.
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Shared decision-making requires adequate functional health literacy (HL) skills from clients to understand information, as well as interactive and critical HL skills to obtain, appraise and apply information about available options. This study aimed to explore women’s HL skills and needs for support regarding shared decision-making in maternity care. In-depth interviews were held among women in Dutch maternity care who scored low (n = 10) and high (n = 13) on basic health literacy screening test(s). HL skills and perceived needs for support were identified through thematic analysis. Women appeared to be highly engaged in the decision-making process. They mentioned searching and selecting general information about pregnancy and labor, constructing their preferences based on their own pre-existing knowledge and experiences and by discussions with partners and significant others. However, women with low basic skills and primigravida perceived difficulties in finding reliable information, understanding probabilistic information, constructing preferences based on benefit/harm information and preparing for consultations. Women also emphasized dealing with uncertainties, changing circumstances of pregnancy and labor, and emotions. Maternity care professionals could further support clients by guiding them towards reliable information. To facilitate participation in decision-making, preparing women for consultations (e.g., agenda setting) and supporting them in a timely manner to understand benefit/harm information seem important.
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Mselle, Lilian, Nathanael Sirili, Amani Anaeli und Siriel Massawe. „Understanding barriers to implementing referral procedures in the rural and semi-urban district hospitals in Tanzania: Experiences of healthcare providers working in maternity units“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (26.08.2021): e0255475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255475.
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Introduction Maternal and perinatal deaths occurring in low and middle income countries could be prevented with timely access to maternal and new-born care. In order to increase access to maternal and child health services, a well-functioning referral system that allows for continuity of care across different tiers of healthcare is required. A reliable healthcare system, with adequate numbers of skilled staff, resources and mechanisms, is critical to ensuring that access to care is available when the need arises. Material and methods This descriptive, qualitative study design was used to explore barriers to implementing a reliable referral system. Twelve individual qualitative interviews were conducted with health care providers working in rural and semi-urban district hospitals in the Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. Thematic analysis guided analysis of data. Results Three (3) main and interconnected themes were abstracted from the data relating to participants’ experiences of referring women with obstetric complications to adequate obstetric care. These were: 1. Adhering to a rigid referral protocol; 2. Completing the referral of women to an adequate health facility and 3. Communicating the condition of the woman with obstetric complications between the referring and receiving facilities. Conclusion Because of referral regulations, assistant medical officers were unable to make referral decisions even when they felt that a referral was needed. The lack of availability of hospital transport as well as the lack of a reliable feedback mechanism, prohibited effective referrals of patients. The Ministry of Health should revise the referral protocol to allow all clinicians to provide referrals, including assistant medical officers- who make up the majority of clinical staff in rural health care facilities. A mechanism to ensure effective communication between the referral facility and the tertiary care hospital should be instituted for quality and continuity of care. Furthermore, health care facilities should put aside budget for fuelling the ambulance for effective referrals.
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Donaghy, Eddie, Helen Atherton, Victoria Hammersley, Hannah McNeilly, Annemieke Bikker, Lucy Robbins, John Campbell und Brian McKinstry. „Acceptability, benefits, and challenges of video consulting: a qualitative study in primary care“. British Journal of General Practice 69, Nr. 686 (03.06.2019): e586-e594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x704141.
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BackgroundPeople increasingly communicate online, using visual communication mediums such as Skype and FaceTime. Growing demands on primary care services mean that new ways of providing patient care are being considered. Video consultation (VC) over the internet is one such mode.AimTo explore patients’ and clinicians’ experiences of VC.Design and settingSemi-structured interviews in UK primary care.MethodPrimary care clinicians were provided with VC equipment. They invited patients requiring a follow-up consultation to an online VC using the Attend Anywhere web-based platform. Participating patients required a smartphone, tablet, or video-enabled computer. Following VCs, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients (n = 21) and primary care clinicians (n = 13), followed by a thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants reported positive experiences of VC, and stated that VC was particularly helpful for them as working people and people with mobility or mental health problems. VCs were considered superior to telephone consultations in providing visual cues and reassurance, building rapport, and improving communication. Technical problems, however, were common. Clinicians felt, for routine use, VCs must be more reliable and seamlessly integrated with appointment systems, which would require upgrading of current NHS IT systems.ConclusionThe visual component of VCs offers distinct advantages over telephone consultations. When integrated with current systems VCs can provide a time-saving alternative to face-to-face consultations when formal physical examination is not required, especially for people who work. Demand for VC services in primary care is likely to rise, but improved technical infrastructure is required to allow VC to become routine. However, for complex or sensitive problems face-to-face consultations remain preferable.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Reliable qualitative care"
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Holmberg, Nora, und Mikael Toresten. „Tillförlitlig kvalitet – Jämförelse mellan offentlig och privat äldreomsorg“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20024.
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Under början av 1990-talet infördes reformer som än idag påverkar svensk äldreomsorg. Dessa reformer föranledde till stora förändringar i den offentliga sektorn, där privatiseringen av offentliga tjänster är en del av resultatet. I nästan tre decennier har resultatet av dessa reformer varit väl omdiskuterade i både politiska sammanhang och samhället, där äldreomsorgen är en av de stora reformerna som diskuteras. Föreliggande studie jämför och analyserar tillförlitlig kvalitet på given vård i äldreomsorgen mellan den offentliga och privata sektorn eftersom den privata sektorn ibland har ett vinstintresse, vilket den offentliga sektorn saknar. Syftet med studien var att jämföra och analysera hur chefer uppfattar möjligheten att ge tillförlitlig kvalitet i verksamheten. Arbetet i den dagliga verksamheten utförs av chefer och medarbetare tillsammans, vilket föranledde att det i studien intervjuades åtta chefer på äldreboenden i Sverige, där fyra chefer från respektive offentlig eller privat given äldrevård utgjorde studiens empiriska material. Intervjufrågorna var konstruerade utifrån studiens analysmodell som bygger på karaktäristiska egenskaper för organisationer med hög tillförlitlighet. Föreliggande studie visar att cheferna i både den offentliga och privata sektorn uppfattar, utifrån de förutsättningar som finns i äldreomsorgen, möjlighet till tillförlitlig kvalitet. Dock visar resultatet av studien att det finns brister i den tillförlitliga kvaliteten. Studiens vetenskapliga bidrag visar på kvaliteten utifrån de förutsättningar som chefer har att ge en tillförlitlig kvalitet i äldreomsorgen.During the start of the 1990´s reforms were introduced that to this day affect Swedish elderly care. These reforms brought forth large alterations in the public sector where in multiple, previously public services were privatized. In the following three decades have these reforms been regularly discussed in both political contexts and society, where the reforms of the elderly care have been prominent. This study compares and analyze reliable quality of administrated care of elderly between the public and private sectors, because of the private sector´s common profit orientation, which the public sector does not have. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze how management perceive the opportunity to give reliable quality within the organization. Operational labor is performed by both management and coworkers together which resulted in eight managers within the Swedish elderly care being interviewed wherein four worked in the public sector and private, respectively. These interviews became the empirical basis for the study. The interview questions were constructed using the studies analytical model which is based on characteristic properties within organization with high reliability. The result of this study shows that managers in both the public and private sectors perceive the possibility of reliable quality based on the conditions that exist in elderly care. However, the results of the study show that there are shortcomings in the reliable quality. The study´s scientific contribution indicates the quality based on the conditions that managers have to provide a reliable quality in elderly care.
Bücher zum Thema "Reliable qualitative care"
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Pellicer, Miquel, und Eva Wegner. Quantitative Research in MENA Political Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.003.0016.
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In this chapter, Miquel Pellicer and Eva Wegner make the case for employing quantitative analysis in the study of the Middle East and North Africa. The chapter recognizes the difficulties in obtaining good and reliable data, but employs examples of recent methodological innovations to discuss how such difficulties can be reduced. The authors also point out that quantitative methods in isolation cannot do justice to the political and social complexities of the region and in-depth qualitative knowledge is required to make sense of raw data.
Buchteile zum Thema "Reliable qualitative care"
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Oliver, David, und Marilyn Van Dyke. „Looking Back, Looking In and Looking On“. In Qualitative Case Studies on Implementation of Enterprise Wide Systems, 123–39. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-447-7.ch008.
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This chapter addresses the topic of organizational change brought about through the implementation of an enterprise resource planning system (ERP) at one of Queensland’s regional universities. This chapter describes the institution’s development and its increasing reliance on corporate information systems. The unsuccessful attempt to resolve problems associated with these systems, in particular the student record system via the Core Australian Specification for Management and Administrative Computing (CASMAC) project, is explored. How the need for ERP adoption was presented to staff is then examined. The reactions of staff to the implementation experience are then explored using preliminary results from focus group interviews. The chapter concludes by comparing the expectations, reactions, and outcomes of the ERP project with some recommendations suggested for improving organizational change induced by ERP implementation.
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Sindambiwe, Pierre. „Beyond Statistical Power and Significance in Entrepreneurship and Management Research“. In Advances in Library and Information Science, 201–15. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1025-4.ch009.
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Findings in most empirical research on entrepreneurship and management focuses on a few things: statistical representativeness of the data, the methodological rigor used for arriving at the results, and the statistical power of the results. However, both results and data are far from being free of criticism. This chapter provides a way forward that uses the mixed-methods approach without falling into the common confusion of multiple methods used in one research. It looks back at the reliance of statistical testing, null-hypothesis, and testing the statistical significance as the criteria. It explores available alternatives that can offer to overcome the problem of non-significance, rather than rejecting it as is usually done. It acknowledges some quantitative solutions like replication, conjoint, and comparative analyses and extends the use of some qualitative methods like exploratory methods, case studies, and theory development studies that offer alternatives to treating the presence or absence of significance. It discusses the concepts used and gives the limitations of the study.
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Jonas, Tallberg. „Part IX Principles of Governance, Ch.55 Transparency“. In The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199672202.003.0055.
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This chapter examines the issues of transparency and openness in relation to international organizations (IOs). It begins by introducing and exemplifying the three most prominent theoretical approaches in the study of transparency and openness: rational choice institutionalism, sociological institutionalism or constructivism, and normative democratic theory. It then shows how existing scholarship has explored transparency and openness empirically in three domains: the sources, patterns, and consequences of transparency. It argues, first, that research on transparency and openness has largely developed in response to real-world developments in global governance. As IOs have undergone a revolution in transparency and openness, scholars have sought to understand the origins of this transformation and its implications. Second, multiple theoretical approaches to the study of transparency and openness have evolved in parallel. A particular feature of the evolving theoretical agenda is the exploration of transparency and openness through both positive and normative perspectives. Third, the empirical study is comparatively stronger in uncovering the sources of growing transparency and openness, than in systematically assessing their effects. Fourth, this is a field that has witnessed a methodological development from extensive reliance on qualitative case studies to quantitative large-n research.
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Malcolmson, Jo. „The Role of Security Culture“. In Organizational, Legal, and Technological Dimensions of Information System Administration, 225–42. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4526-4.ch012.
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This chapter provides a discussion of the importance of the wider organisational context that the network administrator needs to deal with by describing how the organisational culture can impact on the degree to which security can be successfully maintained. It starts with an acknowledgement of the general clusters of factors that affect security (technology, processes, organisational, and human), and focuses on the human element within these. The types of risk that arise from humans in the system are described, such as motivation, ability, awareness (and lack of awareness). Errors and purposeful violations are compared, and individual, organisational, and latent risk factors explained. The chapter’s key focus is the role of organisational culture. A general description of culture and its application in organisations leads into a discussion of security culture. A comparison is made between safety and security culture. Similarities are listed as the impacts of regulatory influence, reputational damage, having multiple causes, and the fact both are often driven by adverse events. Differences are examined. For example, the victim of a poor safety culture is often the perpetrator, whereas this is less often true in security violations. Intrinsic motivation and the impact of certain systems designs are further differences. Gaps in security culture research are noted as a lack of an accepted practical definition, a lack of an accepted way of measuring security culture that can be used outside narrow domains, research into engendering and enhancing security culture is narrowly focused on specific aspects of culture, and a lack of research relating security culture to organisational performance. A project to address some of these gaps by defining and measuring security culture is described. Qualitative and quantitative research was used to develop a questionnaire consisting of seven scales and fourteen sub-scales, each measuring a reliable and distinct factor. The content of these factors is noted, and a case study of the questionnaire’s application to facilitate the development of security culture is outlined. Two key benefits result from the use of the questionnaire: diagnosis of aspects of security culture that may need improvement and benchmarking within (and between) organisations.
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Dyall, Kenneth G., und Knut Faegri. „Correlation Methods“. In Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.003.0018.
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It is well known from nonrelativistic quantum chemistry that mean-field methods, such as the Hartree–Fock (HF) model, provide mainly qualitative insights into the electronic structure and bonding of molecules. To obtain reliable results of “chemical accuracy” usually requires models that go beyond the mean field and account for electron correlation. There is no reason to expect that the mean-field approach should perform significantly better in this respect for the relativistic case, and so we are led to develop schemes for introducing correlation into our models for relativistic quantum chemistry. There is no fundamental change in the concept of correlation between relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum chemistry: in both cases, correlation describes the difference between a mean-field description, which forms the reference state for the correlation method, and the exact description. We can also define dynamical and nondynamical correlation in both cases. There is in fact no formal difference between a nonrelativistic spin–orbital-based formalism and a relativistic spinor-based formalism. Thus we should be able to transfer most of the schemes for post-Hartree–Fock calculations to a relativistic post-Dirac–Hartree–Fock model. Several such schemes have been implemented and applied in a range of calculations. The main technical differences to consider are those arising from having to deal with integrals that are complex, and the need to replace algorithms that exploit the nonrelativistic spin symmetry by schemes that use time-reversal and double-group symmetry. In addition to these technical differences, however, there are differences of content between relativistic and nonrelativistic methods. The division between dynamical and nondynamical correlation is complicated by the presence of the spin–orbit interaction, which creates near-degeneracies that are not present in the nonrelativistic theory. The existence of the negative-energy states of relativistic theory raise the question of whether they should be included in the correlation treatment. The first two sections of this chapter are devoted to a discussion of these issues. The main challenges in the rest of this chapter are to handle the presence of complex integrals and to exploit time-reversal symmetry.
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Malcolmson, Jo. „The Role of Security Culture“. In Standards and Standardization, 156–72. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8111-8.ch009.
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This chapter provides a discussion of the importance of the wider organisational context that the network administrator needs to deal with by describing how the organisational culture can impact on the degree to which security can be successfully maintained. It starts with an acknowledgement of the general clusters of factors that affect security (technology, processes, organisational, and human), and focuses on the human element within these. The types of risk that arise from humans in the system are described, such as motivation, ability, awareness (and lack of awareness). Errors and purposeful violations are compared, and individual, organisational, and latent risk factors explained. The chapter's key focus is the role of organisational culture. A general description of culture and its application in organisations leads into a discussion of security culture. A comparison is made between safety and security culture. Similarities are listed as the impacts of regulatory influence, reputational damage, having multiple causes, and the fact both are often driven by adverse events. Differences are examined. For example, the victim of a poor safety culture is often the perpetrator, whereas this is less often true in security violations. Intrinsic motivation and the impact of certain systems designs are further differences. Gaps in security culture research are noted as a lack of an accepted practical definition, a lack of an accepted way of measuring security culture that can be used outside narrow domains, research into engendering and enhancing security culture is narrowly focused on specific aspects of culture, and a lack of research relating security culture to organisational performance. A project to address some of these gaps by defining and measuring security culture is described. Qualitative and quantitative research was used to develop a questionnaire consisting of seven scales and fourteen sub-scales, each measuring a reliable and distinct factor. The content of these factors is noted, and a case study of the questionnaire's application to facilitate the development of security culture is outlined. Two key benefits result from the use of the questionnaire: diagnosis of aspects of security culture that may need improvement and benchmarking within (and between) organisations.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Reliable qualitative care"
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Ilia, Theodosis, und Loucas S. Louca. „Evaluation Metrics of Upper Extremities for People With Neurological Disorders: An Energy Based Approach“. In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5357.
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Various neurological disorders, like Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and Stroke, affect millions of people worldwide. Tremor that is a result of these disorders affects the performance of many Activities of Daily Living such as dressing, bathing, self-care, and writing, which reduces the functional independence and self-rated quality of life. Standardized rating scales have been developed, however, these scales display some degree of variability due to their subjective/qualitative approach. Therefore, the accurate and objective measure of a patient’s condition is crucial. Due to the lack of objectivity and accuracy from conventional procedures, there is a need to develop an objective evaluation system. In this work, a horizontal movement test is implemented in a Virtual Environment with the use of a Haptic Interface. The proposed test consists of a simple reaching task (more tasks are under development) for defining quantitative metrics. Wrist motion is accurately measured using the haptic interface and analyzed to calculate evaluation metrics based on the joint energy and spatial deviation from the ideal path. To improve the sensitivity of the metrics, a harmonic disturbance force is applied by the haptic interface to the user. The disturbance frequency is varied from 1 to 7 Hz and the duration of the movement is constraint to be constant. Fourteen healthy adults performed the experiments with 10 to 21 repetitions for each movement conditions. The results show that all users spend higher energy to complete the test at frequencies around 2.5 Hz. The statistical analysis indicates that energy is a reliable evaluation metric, with low variance, that can be used to quantify upper extremities.
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Lee, LE, ST Kulnik, A. Boaz und G. Ramdharry. „20 Trust and reliance within specialist clinical services: counter-productive or helpful for self-management of people with neuromuscular conditions?“ In Negotiating trust: exploring power, belief, truth and knowledge in health and care. Qualitative Health Research Network (QHRN) 2021 conference book of abstracts. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-qhrn.20.
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Barlow, R. C., C. Padmanabhan und Rajendra Singh. „Computational Issues Associated With Gear Rattle Analysis: Part II — Evaluation Criteria for Numerical Algorithms“. In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0065.
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Abstract The main focus of this study is to establish evaluation criteria for direct time domain integration algorithms used to solve gear rattle type problems. Such criteria may be used to identify specific numerical problems encountered. The ultimate goal obviously is to find reasonably accurate and reliable methods of solution for such physical systems. Six case studies of increasing complexity, linear to highly non-linear, are solved using well known algorithms. The solutions to the linear model are verified by using analytical results. Non-linear model solutions as yielded by different algorithms are compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Several non-linear simulation models have been validated by comparing predictions with experimental data and results available in the literature.
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„Remaining Connected with our Graduates: A Pilot Study“. In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4162.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 15.] Aim/Purpose This study aims to determine where nursing students from a metropolitan university subsequently work following graduation, identify the factors that influence decisions to pursue careers in particular locations, ascertain educational plans in the immediate future; and explore the factors that might attract students to pursue postgraduate study. Background The global nursing shortage and high attrition of nursing students remain a challenge for the nursing profession. A recurrent pattern of maldistribution of nurses in clinical specialities and work locations has also occurred. It is imperative that institutions of learning examine their directions and priorities with the goal of meeting the mounting health needs of the wider community. Methodology Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through an online 21-item questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered data such as year of graduation, employment status, the location of main and secondary jobs, the principal area of nursing activity, and plans for postgraduate study. It sought graduates’ reasons for seeking employment in particular workplaces and the factors encouraging them to pursue postgraduate study. Contribution This study is meaningful and relevant as it provided a window to see the gaps in higher education and nursing practice, and opportunities in research and collaboration. It conveys many insights that were informative, valuable and illuminating in the context of nurse shortage and nurse education. The partnership with hospitals and health services in providing education and support at the workplace is emphasized. Findings Twenty-three students completed the online questionnaire. All respondents were employed, 22 were working in Australia on a permanent basis (96%), 19 in urban areas (83%) with three in regional/rural areas (13%), and one was working internationally (4%). This pilot study revealed that there were varied reasons for workplace decisions, but the most common answer was the opportunity provided to students to undertake their graduate year and subsequent employment offered. Moreover, the prevailing culture of the organization and high-quality clinical experiences afforded to students were significant contributory factors. Data analysis revealed their plans for postgraduate studies in the next five years (61%), with critical care nursing as the most popular specialty option. The majority of the respondents (78%) signified their interest in taking further courses, being familiar with the educational system and expressing high satisfaction with the university’s program delivery. Recommendations for Practitioners The results of the pilot should be tested in a full study with validated instruments in the future. With a larger dataset, the conclusions about graduate destinations and postgraduate educational pursuits of graduates would be generalizable, valid and reliable. Recommendation for Researchers Further research to explore how graduates might be encouraged to work in rural and regional areas, determine courses that meet the demand of the market, and how to better engage with clinical partners are recommended. Impact on Society It is expected that the study will be extended in the future to benefit other academics, service managers, recruiters, and stakeholders to alert them of strategies that may be used to entice graduates to seek employment in various areas and plan for addressing the educational needs of postgraduate nursing students. The end goal is to help enhance the nursing workforce by focusing on leadership and retention. Future Research Future directions for research will include canvassing a bigger sample of alumni students and continuously monitoring graduate destinations and educational aspirations. How graduates might be encouraged to work in rural and regional areas will be further explored. Further research will also be undertaken involving graduates from other universities and other countries in order to compare the work practice of graduates over the same time frame.
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Wick, Achim, Frederic Priesack und Heinz Pitsch. „Large-Eddy Simulation and Detailed Modeling of Soot Evolution in a Model Aero Engine Combustor“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63293.
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In order to exploit the potential of computational modeling for the reduction of particulate emissions in future aero engines, reliable modeling approaches applicable in system scale simulations are required. Achieving this goal crucially depends on bridging the gap between academic test cases often used for model validation and real world applications. In this work, Large-Eddy Simulations of a model aero engine combustor experimentally investigated at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) are performed using an integrated modeling approach based on the Radiation Flamelet/Progress Variable model and a detailed bivariate soot particle description combined with the Hybrid Method of Moments. First, a non-reacting flow case is simulated to validate the computational setup in absence of the complex interaction of turbulence, chemistry, and soot. Then, the reacting flow is analyzed in terms of velocity, temperature, and soot volume fraction predictions. Measured velocity profiles for the non-reactive case are very well predicted. For the fired combustor, the velocity and temperature fields are well predicted. Soot is overpredicted by the simulation, but qualitatively in reasonable to good agreement with the experimental data.
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Sanliturk, Kenan Y., David J. Ewins, Robert Elliott und Jeff S. Green. „Friction Damper Optimisation: Simulation of Rainbow Tests“. In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-336.
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Friction dampers have been used to reduce turbine blade vibration levels for a considerable period of time. However, optimal design of these dampers has been quite difficult due both to a lack of adequate theoretical predictions and to difficulties in conducting reliable experiments. One of the difficulties of damper weight optimisation via the experimental route has been the inevitable effects of mistuning. Also, conducting separate experiments for different damper weights involves excessive cost. Therefore, current practice in the turbomachinery industry has been to conduct so-called ‘rainbow tests’ where friction dampers with different weights are placed between blades with a predefined configuration. However, it has been observed that some rainbow test results have been difficult to interpret and have been inconclusive for determining the optimum damper weight for a given bladed-disc assembly. A new method of analysis — a combination of Harmonic Balance Method and structural modification approaches — is presented in this paper for the analysis of structures with friction interfaces and the method is applied to search for qualitative answers about the so-called ‘rainbow tests’ in turbomachinery applications. A simple lumped-parameter model of a bladed-disc model was used and different damper weights were modelled using friction elements with different characteristics. Resonance response levels were obtained for bladed discs with various numbers of blades under various engine-order excitations. It was found that rainbow tests, where friction dampers with different weights are used on the same bladed-disc assembly, can be used to find the optimum damper weight if the mode of vibration concerned has weak blade-to-blade coupling (the case where the disc is almost rigid and blades vibrate almost independently from each other). Otherwise, it is very difficult to draw any reliable conclusion from such expensive experiments.
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Dai, Charles M., und Ronald W. Miller. „URANS Simulation of an Appended Hull During Steady Turn With Propeller Represented by an Actuator Disk Model“. In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50136.
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This paper reports on the comparison between computational simulations and experimental measurements of a surface vessel in steady turning conditions. The primary purpose of these efforts is to support the development of physics-based high fidelity maneuvering simulation tools by providing accurate and reliable hydrodynamic data with relevance to maneuvering performances. Reynolds Averaged Unsteady Navier Stokes Solver (URANS): CFDSHIPIOWA was used to perform simulations for validation purposes and for better understanding of the fundamental flow physics of a hull under maneuvering conditions. The Propeller effects were simulated using the actuator disk model included in CFDShip-Iowa. The actuator disk model prescribes a circumferential averaged body force with axial and tangential components. No propeller generated side forces are accounted for in the model. This paper examines the effects of actuator disk model on the overall fidelity of a RANS based ship maneuvering simulations. Both experiments and simulations provide physical insights into the complex flow interactions between the hull and various appendages, the rudders and the propellers. The experimental effort consists of flow field measurements using Stereo Particle-Image Velocimetry (SPIV) in the stern region of the model and force and moment measurements on the whole ship and on ship components such as the bilge keels, the rudders, and the propellers. Comparisons between simulations and experimental measurements were made for velocity distributions at different transverse planes along the ship axis and different forces components for hull, appendages and rudders. The actuator disk model does not predict any propeller generated side forces in the code and they need to be taken into account when comparing hull and appendages generated side forces in the simulations. The simulations were compared with experimental results and they both demonstrate the cross flow effect on the transverse forces and the propeller slip streams generated by the propellers during steady turning conditions. The hull forces (include hull, bilge keels, skeg, shafting and strut) predictions were better for large turning circle case as compared with smaller turning circle. Despite flow field simulations appear to capture gross flow features qualitatively; detailed examinations of flow distributions reveal discrepancies in predictions of propeller wake locations and secondary flow structures. The qualitative comparisons for the rudders forces also reveal large discrepancies and it was shown that the primary cause of discrepancies is due to poor predictions of velocity inflow at the rudder plane.
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Coutier-Delgosha, O., R. Fortes-Patella, J. L. Reboud und B. Pouffary. „3D Numerical Simulation of Pump Cavitating Behavior“. In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31188.
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The quasi-steady cavitating behavior of three pumps was investigated by 3D unsteady viscous computations. The numerical model is based on the commercial code FINE/TURBO™, which was adapted to take into account the cavitation phenomenon. The resolution resorts to a time-marching algorithm initially devoted to compressible flows. A low-speed preconditioner is applied to treat low Mach number flows. The vaporization and condensation processes are controlled by a barotropic state law that links the void ratio evolution to the pressure variations. A radial pump, a centrifugal pump, and a turbopump inducer were calculated and the cavitating behaviors obtained by the computations were compared to experimental measurements and visualizations. A reliable agreement is obtained for the two pumps concerning both the head drop charts and the extension of the vapor structures. A qualitative good agreement with experiments is also observed in the case of the turbopump inducer. The accuracy of the numerical model is discussed for the three geometries. These simulations are a first attempt to simulate the complete 3D cavitating flows in turbomachinery. Results are promising, since the quasi-steady behaviors of the pumps in cavitating condition are found quantitatively close to the experimental ones. A continuing effort is pursued to improve the prediction accuracy, and to simulate unsteady effects observed in experiments, as, for example, rotating cavitation.
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Pandya, Deval, Brian Dennis und Ronnie Russell. „An Improved Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model for Erosion Prediction in Oil and Gas Industry Applications“. In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23136.
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In recent years, the study of flow-induced erosion phenomena has gained interest as erosion has a direct influence on the life, reliability and safety of equipment. Particularly significant erosion can occur inside the drilling tool components caused by the low particle loading (<10%) in the drilling fluid. Due to the difficulty and cost of conducting experiments, significant efforts have been invested in numerical predictive tools to understand and mitigate erosion within drilling tools. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming a powerful tool to predict complex flow-erosion and a cost-effective method to re-design drilling equipment for mitigating erosion. Existing CFD-based erosion models predict erosion regions fairly accurately, but these models have poor reliability when it comes to quantitative predictions. In many cases, the error can be greater than an order of magnitude. The present study focuses on development of an improved CFD-erosion model for predicting the qualitative as well as the quantitative aspects of erosion. A finite-volume based CFD-erosion model was developed using a commercially available CFD code. The CFD model involves fluid flow and turbulence modeling, particle tracking, and application of existing empirical erosion models. All parameters like surface velocity, particle concentration, particle volume fraction, etc., used in empirical erosion equations are obtained through CFD analysis. CFD modeling parameters like numerical schemes, turbulence models, near-wall treatments, grid strategy and discrete particle model parameters were investigated in detail to develop guidelines for erosion prediction. As part of this effort, the effect of computed results showed good qualitative and quantitative agreement for the benchmark case of flow through an elbow at different flow rates and particle sizes. This paper proposes a new/modified erosion model. The combination of an improved CFD methodology and a new erosion model provides a novel computational approach that accurately predicts the location and magnitude of erosion. Reliable predictive methodology can help improve designs of downhole equipment to mitigate erosion risk as well as provide guidance on repair and maintenance intervals. This will eventually lead to improvement in the reliability and safety of downhole tool operation.
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Sauer, Benjamin, Nikolaos Spyrou, Amsini Sadiki und Johannes Janicka. „Numerical Analysis of the Primary Breakup Under High-Altitude Relight Conditions Applying the Embedded DNS Approach to a Generic Prefilming Airblast Atomizer“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94446.
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The primary breakup under high-altitude relight conditions is investigated in this study where ambient pressure is as low as 0.4 bar and air, fuel and engine parts are as cold as 265 K. The primary breakup is crucial for the fuel atomization. As of today, the phenomena dictating the primary breakup are not fully understood. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of liquid breakup under realistic conditions and geometries are hardly possible. The embedded DNS (eDNS) approach represents a reliable numerical tool to fill this gap. The concept consists of three steps: a geometry simplification, the generation of realistic boundary conditions for the DNS and the DNS of the breakup region. The realistic annular airblast atomizer geometry is simplified to a Y-shaped channel representing a planar geometry. Inside this domain the eDNS is located. The eDNS domain requires the generation of boundary conditions. A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the entire Y-shaped channel and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation (RANS) of the liquid wall film are performed prior to the DNS. All parameters are stored transiently on all virtual DNS planes. These variables are then mapped to the DNS. Thus, high-quality boundary conditions are generated. The Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method is used to solve for the two-phase flow. The results provide a qualitative insight into the primary breakup under realistic high-altitude relight conditions. Instantaneous snapshots in time illustrate the behavior of the liquid wall film along the prefilmer lip and illustrate the breakup process. It is seen that a slight variation of the surface tension force has a strong impact on the appearance of the primary breakup. Case 1 with the surface tension corresponding to kerosene at 293 K indicates large flow structures that are separated from the liquid sheet. By lowering the surface tension related to kerosene at 363 K, the breakup is dominated by numerous small structures and droplets. This study proves the applicability of the eDNS concept for investigating breakup processes as the transient nature of the phase interface behavior can be captured. At this time, the authors only present a qualitative insight which can be explained by the lack of quantitative data. The approach offers the potential of simulating realistic annular highly-swirled airblast atomizer geometries under realistic conditions.