Bücher: „Relativ tendens“

1

Patry, Louis. Guide to the diagnosis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Shoulder tendinitis. Éditions MultiMondes, 1998.

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2

McKenna, Justin. Irish takeover legislation: Legislation relating to takeovers of public companies in Ireland. Tottel, 2009.

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3

Irish takeover legislation: Legislation relating to takeovers of public companies in Ireland. Tottel, 2009.

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4

McKenna, Justin. Irish takeover legislation: Legislation relating to takeovers of public companies in Ireland. Tottel, 2009.

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5

Vanuatu. Office of the Ombudsman. Public report on the breaches of the Government Contracts and Tenders Act, the Leadership Code Act and financil regulations in relation to Vanuatu Holdings limited. Office of the Ombudsman, Republic of Vanuatu, 2008.

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6

Vanuatu. Office of the Ombudsman. Public report on the breaches of the Government Contracts and Tenders Act, the Leadership Code Act and financil regulations in relation to Vanuatu Holdings limited. Office of the Ombudsman, Republic of Vanuatu, 2008.

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7

Devinder, Gupta, and Kumar P. N, eds. Sanjiva Row's commentary on law relating to Contract Act, 1872 and Tenders (Act no. IX of 1872): Special emphasis on law of indemnity and guarantee, bailment, agency, and tenders alongwith definition of commonly used terms in tenders, judicial interpretation of terms used in surveys, valuation etc., arbitration agreement and model forms on various important agreements and relevant extracts of certain allied acts. Delhi Law House, 2011.

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8

Cunningham, H. S. Cunningham's commentaries on Contract Act, 1872 (Act No. IX of 1872): Alongwith law relating to tenders, building, and engineering contracts, contracts in general and judicial remedies. Law Publishers (India), 2008.

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9

Conseil économique, social et culturel de Polynésie française. Avis relatif au projet de loi du pays tendant à instaurer la gratuité de la restauration scolaire dans l'enseignement du premier degré: Saisine du gouvernement. Conseil économique, social et culturel, 2005.

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10

Consiglio nazionale dell'economia e del lavoro (Italy). Osservazioni e proposte concernenti "Previsioni, tendenze ed evoluzione relative all'impiego del fattore umano e del reddito in agricoltura con particolare riguardo all'occupazione giovanile": (assemblea, 5 febbraio 1985, n. 203/150). Consiglio nazionale dell'economia e del lavoro, 1985.

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11

Sanchez-Summerer, Karène, and Willem Frijhoff, eds. Linguistic and Cultural Foreign Policies of European States. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462980600.

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The policies relating to language pursued by European monarchies and states have been widely studied, but far less attention has been given to their linguistic and cultural policies in territories outside their own borders. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to filling that gap, distinguishing and analysing several different types of linguistic and foreign cultural policies. Such policies, the contributors show, tended not to be proclaimed officially, but they nonetheless had lasting effects on both language and culture in Europe and beyond.

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12

Guo jia yu nong min guan xi de xian dai xing bian qian: Yi shi di nong min wei li = Modern tendency of the relation between the state and the farmers. Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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13

Canada, Canada Industry. Canada Business Corporations Act: Discussion paper : financial assistance and related provisions. Industry Canada, 1996.

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14

Lamyman, Michael, and Roderick Dunn. Tendons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0013.

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The tendon chapter is written by surgeons together with hand therapists to describe tendon pathology and its treatment (including hand therapy). The anatomy of flexor and extensor tendons is detailed, along with zones of injury, surgical principles of tendon repair, and their rehabilitation. Late tendon reconstruction is also described including the principles of tenolysis and also tendon grafting. There is also a section on annular pulley injury and reconstruction. Inflammatory tendon pathology including trigger digits and tenosynovitis and tendonitis is described, along with a section on work-related upper limb disorder.

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15

Odiorne, James C. Opinions On Speculative Masonry: Relative To Its Origin, Nature And Tendency. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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16

Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Opinions on speculative masonry, relative to its origin, nature and tendency. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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17

Odiorne, James C. Opinions On Speculative Masonry: Relative To Its Origin, Nature And Tendency. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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18

Anand, PB, Shailaja Fennell, and Flavio Comim, eds. Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827535.001.0001.

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There are considerable variations in the extent to which growth has improved the position of the poor. In all cases except one the incomes of the poorest have improved over the periods for which data on distribution are available. However, in all cases there is some evidence that inequality has tended to increase. The relative importance of mineral production appears to be associated with higher levels of inequality. An important question for mineral-exporting countries is how to ensure that national mineral wealth is used to support pro-poor investment. In view of the observed tendency for decreases in the relative importance of agriculture to exacerbate income differentials, some pro-poor policy interventions are required to redress the balance.

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19

Emanuele, Rossi, and Scuola superiore di studi universitari e di perfezionamento Sant'Anna di Pisa (Italy), eds. Il parlamento "consulente": Dati e tendenze relativi alla funzione consultiva parlamentare nella 13. legislatura. Jovene, 2002.

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20

Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M. Spontaneous Focusing On Numerosity and its Relation to Counting and Arithmetic. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.018.

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This chapter reviews recent research investigating children’s Spontaneous Focusing On Numerosity (SFON) and considers the role it might play in the development of counting and arithmetical skills. SFON refers to a process of spontaneously (i.e. not prompted by others) focusing attention on the exact number of a set of items or incidents. This attentional process triggers exact number recognition and using the recognized exact number in action. The chapter describes how SFON tendency can be assessed, and suggests the measures of it to be indicators of the amount of a child’s self-initiated practice in using exact enumeration in his or her natural surroundings. The studies show that SFON tendency in early childhood is positively and domain-specifically related to the development of numerical skills up to the end of primary school. Promoting SFON tendency could be a potential way of preventing learning difficulties in mathematics.

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21

Donaghy, Michael. Polyneuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0453.

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Typically polyneuropathy will cause the combination of distal limb muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflexes, and reduced distal limb sensation. There is variable involvement of the autonomic innervation, damage to which causes a dry, vasodilated foot or hand. Loss of tendon reflexes is a cardinal sign of polyneuropathy, often restricted to the ankle jerks in axonal degeneration, but involving more proximal reflexes in acquired demyelinating neuropathies which may involve more proximal segments or the nerve roots. Clinical features suggestive of demyelinating or conduction block polyneuropathy include: a relative lack of muscle wasting in relation to the degree of weakness because no denervation has occurred; weakness of proximal muscles as well as distal, because of nerve root involvement; and disproportionate loss of joint position and vibration sensations compared to relative preservation of pain and temperature sensations which are carried by unmyelinated fibres.

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22

Bryan, Benjamin R., and Frances R. Levin. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0007.

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Alcohol use disorder tends to have a progressive course with varying outcomes. The rate of onset of a drug’s effects and the rate at which the effects diminish or are lost affect the evolution of a drug use pattern into a substance use disorder. Depression, psychosis, anxiety, and delirium are all common symptoms associated with drug use. Many patients underestimate the amount of alcohol or drugs they use when asked by a physician. Patients with addictive behaviors demonstrate varying degrees of denial. Evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for the treatment of substance use disorders include motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy. A number of medications are available for treatment of substance use disorders: acamprosate, buprenorphine, bupropion, disulfiram, methadone, naloxone, naltrexone, and varenicline.

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23

An Investigation Relating Longitudinal Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendency Rating to Describing Function Predictions for Rate-Limited Actuators. Storming Media, 2004.

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24

Sharpe, James. Law Enforcement and the Local Community. Edited by Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.29.

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Ultimately, the enforcement of the criminal law in early modern England depended upon the co-operation and involvement of a number of parochial officers: in particular the parish constables, but also churchwardens and manorial jurors. Recently social historians examining local law enforcement have rejected the earlier tendency to disparage parochial officers and have emphasized the relative efficiency of local officers, the importance of the shifting relation between central authority and local society, and the implications of social and cultural change among the bulk of the population. This paper provides an overview of these themes, and stresses the importance of the law at all social levels in early modern England.

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25

Benjamin, Mike, Dennis McGonagle, Maribel I. Miguel, David A. Bong, and Ingrid Möller. Limb anatomy and medical imaging. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0065.

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This chapter provides a generalized framework for helping the clinician to understand basic principles of functional anatomy in the limbs in relation to medical imaging, particularly ultrasonography (US). Certain basic design principles that are evident in the limbs are explained: for example, that larger muscles lie proximally, and that tendons are more numerous and longer distally. While the upper limb is ultimately geared to moving the hand with ease and precision in three-dimensional space, the lower limb is both an organ of propulsion and a column supporting body weight. It is important to note that when the foot is on the ground this has an important influence on muscle function. Fundamental principles of muscle design and action are explained, including the distinction between prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators; the fact that movements and not muscles are represented in the cerebral cortex; the all-or-nothing principle of fibre contraction; the modifying influence of gravity on muscle action; and issues relating to fibre architecture. The less appreciated functions of tendons are included and the difference between an enthesis and an enthesis organ is explained. The similar appearance of nerves and tendons in dissections and even in MRI and US images is explained and the importance of fascia is highlighted—particularly its role as an 'ectoskeleton'. Brief mention is made of adipose tissue and blood vessels, and planes of movement between adjacent structures are described in order to inform the ultrasonographer who deals with structures in real time.

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26

Cummings, Brian, and James Simpson. Introduction. Edited by James Simpson and Brian Cummings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212484.013.0001.

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This book examines cultural history and cultural transformation in the period spanning the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and how such transition relates to modernity. Taking a dynamically diachronic approach, it offers a fresh perspective on the historiography of culture and literature, with emphasis on the idea of periodization and the tendency to divide cultural history into different eras. Many of the essays focus on themes spanning the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, each linking pre- and post-Reformation cultures, including those related to religion, and highlight the creative and destructive anxieties as well as the legacy of the Reformation.

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27

Jansen, Yolande. Beyond Comparing Secularisms. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.23.

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“Religio-secularism” denotes the tendency to understand specific cultural and political conflicts in terms an opposition between religion on the one hand and secularism on the other. Religio-secularism as a cultural-political paradigm tends to obscure the intricacies of political, socioeconomic, cultural-historical, religious, and ideological dimensions of specific situations (and often conflicts) that require complex analysis and evaluation. Religio-secularism, especially when it becomes the primary or exclusive framework for understanding cultural and political conflict, serves as an ideological barrier rather than an illuminating paradigm. Critique of the increasing grip of religio-secularism on political thinking, in contrast to the captivation with “postsecularism,” takes a reflexive attitude toward religio-secularism and its distorted lens through which to view the historical world. Other lenses should be used to survey contemporary events and situations related to religion, and this is particularly so with regard to conflicts over religion, religion in the public sphere, and secularism.

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28

Sethi, R. B. Sanjiva Row's Contracts and Law Relating to Tenders, Buildings and Engineering Contracts, Principals and Contracts, Engineers, Arbitrators, Contracts : Their Execution and Disputes Arising Thereunder,. Law Publishers (India) Pvt. Ltd., 1997.

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29

Murthy, Viren. Reading Lu Xun’s Early Essays in Relation to Marxism. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.35.

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Lu Xun was claimed and canonized as a Marxist by the Chinese Communist Party, while Japanese and Western critics frequently read his work as a critique of modernity. Whereas the latter approach tends to trace the continuity in his writings, the Marxist approach largely brackets his earlier work. This chapter attempts to bring Marxist theory in dialogue with Lu Xun’s work in a different way, by focusing on his early writings and reading them in relation to various theorists. Through a close reading of two of Lu Xun’s early essays, “On the Destruction of Malevolent Voices” and “Imbalanced Cultural Development,” this chapter examines debates within the Marxist tradition, especially about issues related to global capitalism and the possibilities of a socialist future in countries on the periphery of the world-system. In this way, Lu Xun and Marxist theory can illuminate one another.

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30

Wackerhage, Henning, Jonathon Smith, and Darren Wisniewski. Molecular exercise physiology. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0031.

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Molecular exercise physiology is the study of exercise physiology using molecular biology methods. The development of differentiated cell types is regulated by transcription factors like the muscle-making MyoD that specifies cell type, while others regulate the development of muscle, tendons, and bones. Maternal nutrition and exercise commonly affect embryonic development through epigenetic mechanisms. Adaptation to exercise involves sensor proteins detecting exercise-related signals, the processing of signals by signalling proteins and networks, and the regulation of the actual adaptations by effector proteins. Many sport- and exercise-related traits depend on both common and rare DNA sequence variations, including the muscle mass-increasing myostatin (GDF8) loss-of-function and the haematocrit-increasing EPOR gain-of-function mutations. Additionally, common DNA sequence variations contribute to the inherited variability of development, body height, strength, and endurance. Finally, in addition to ethical concerns, current genetic performance tests only explain a fraction of the variation of sport and exercise-related traits.

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31

Hasenbring, Monika I., and Hanne P. J. Kindermans. Avoidance and Endurance in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on two vexing aspects of coping with daily activities while experiencing pain—the tendency to avoid actions that are perceived as exacerbating the pain (avoidance), and the tendency to endure pain by persistent engagement in ongoing activities (endurance). Based on theoretical approaches such as the fear-avoidance and the avoidance-endurance models of pain, the chapter provides insights into the wide variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pain responses that are related to an avoidant or endurance pain response style and aspects of dysfunctionality. Several specific response patterns are identified that mirror dysfunctional avoidance or endurance in addition to an adaptive pattern. The chapter provides preliminary evidence from both clinical and experimental research and is based on selected models of goal striving as conceptualized within a broad self-regulation perspective.

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32

Greer, Ian, Karen Breidahl, Matthias Knuth, and Flemming Larsen. Employment-Services Sectors under Resource Scarcity and Uncertainty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785446.003.0004.

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Providers of employment services are deeply affected by marketization, because it shapes the uncertainty and resource scarcity that they face. This chapter introduces these dynamics at the sector level, in showing how uncertainty and the resource squeeze configure power relations. It can affect the relative power of the purchaser over the provider. In Britain funding tends to empower large providers while in Denmark and Germany it tends to subordinate it to the funder. It can also affect power relations within the sector. British funding arrangements give large prime contractors a powerful position over their subcontractors (including non-profit and municipal agencies, while Germany and Denmark have fragmented employment-services sectors without a clear hierarchy.

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33

Stevenson, Jane. Masks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808770.003.0015.

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Masks were a feature of interwar culture in various contexts. African and Oceanic masks were admired and were powerfully influential on modern art. Masks were extensively used in theatre and ballet, and their popularity was such that they were also used for home decoration. The use of cosmetics became part of mainstream culture; this may relate to the increasing tendency for young women to work outside the home.

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34

Devlin, Hugh, and Rebecca Craven. Kidneys and chronic renal disease. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759782.003.0006.

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Kidneys and chronic renal disease in relation to dentistry is the topic of this chapter. The chapter starts with the structure and function of the kidneys. The functions of acid-base balance and electrolyte balance are described. Chronic renal disease/failure (CRD/CRF) is then considered in terms of its impact on drug metabolism and excretion, anaemia, and bone pathology. Finally, the bleeding tendency associated with chronic renal failure is discussed, together with its clinical implications.

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35

Berwick, Marianne, and Charles Wiggins. Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0043.

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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor, occurring in approximately one to four of every 100,000 individuals worldwide. Soft tissue sarcomas can form anywhere in the body, including muscle, tendons, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and tissues around joints. They are most common in the head, neck, arms, legs, trunk, and abdomen. Prognosis is generally poor, with a relative survival rate of approximately 65% at five years, with little difference by race. Approximately 11,930 cases and 4,870 deaths from STS occurred in the United States in 2015. The etiology of STS is still poorly understood, which makes prevention of this relatively rare cancer difficult. A major complication in studying STS is the histologic diversity —more than 100 subtypes. Newer investigations are evaluating molecular characteristics and prognostic factors but continue to be hampered by a lack of standardized histology.

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36

D'Argembeau, Arnaud. Mind-Wandering and Self-Referential Thought. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.14.

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When one’s mind wanders, one frequently experiences thoughts, images, and feelings about oneself and one’s life. These self-referential thoughts involve diverse contents and take various forms, but most often focus on specific future events that are closely related to one’s personal goals and concerns. Neuroimaging studies show that such spontaneous thoughts recruit many of the same brain regions—largely corresponding to the default network—as directed self-referential thought. The medial prefrontal cortex is most consistently involved and might contribute to assign value and to integrate processed contents with autobiographical knowledge. The tendency of the wandering mind to focus on self-related information might foster a sense of personal identity and lay the foundation for long-term goal pursuit.

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37

Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. The Nonadaptive Forces of Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the relative strengths of the nonadaptive evolutionary forces (drift, mutation, recombination) acting on genomes. It reviews estimators for effective population size, mutation rate, and recombination rate, and summarizes the known genomic results over a wide range of taxa. The mutation rate tends to be lower in organisms with larger effective population sizes, consistent with the drift-barrier hypothesis wherein selection is ineffective when it is less than the reciprocal of the effective population size.

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38

Zerilli, Linda. Politics. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.33.

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Feminist theory is assumed to be political by definition, but this view tends to occlude the different ways in which feminists think about politics. This essay discusses competing understandings of politics and examines how it is that things come to count as political within feminism. To think of relations of subordination of political, it is argued, is not simply to discover a relation of power that was already there but to constitute that relation as unjust and subject to change. This is the predicative moment of feminist practice that brings the political into being.

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39

Khan, Muhammad Asim. Clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0011.

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The leading chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the sacroiliac joints and the spinal column, traditionally known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is a relatively common but insidious rheumatic disease that can cause progressive limitation of physical function. It is a prototype of related forms of arthritis, grouped under the term spondyloarthritis that is subdivided into predominantly axial and predominantly peripheral forms. This chapter details the clinical features of axial spondyloarthritis, a term that encompasses ankylosing spondylitis. There is a predilection for the inflammation to affect sites where the tendons and ligaments attach to the bones (entheses) and can result in gradual and progressive spinal ankylosis, with resultant physical deformity. The disease may present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, both articular and extra-articular, and can be difficult to diagnose in early stages.

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40

Stock, Inka. Time, Migration and Forced Immobility. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201970.001.0001.

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This book is concerned with the effects of European migration policy on migrants in the Global South. In particular, it uncovers how border enforcement policies and the crackdown on irregular migration affect the life of migrants in so called ‘transit’ countries outside the European Union. The material for this study is based on ethnographic research in Morocco with migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa. The book is mainly concerned with the human and social effects of immobility during the migratory journey. It describes how migration policies in and outside Morocco contribute to a situation where migrants get stuck in Morocco for years, and in the process become increasingly marginalized from participation in society. These prolonged periods of forced immobility negatively affect migrants’ life course, as well as their relation to the present, past and future. This alters their feelings of identity, their social relations to friends and relatives, and their aspirations for the future. The immense human suffering this situation implies has a tendency to further reinforce their wish to leave the country, rather than encouraging them to abandon their migratory projects. The book links these empirical insights on immobility to social theories of time. It argues that the fragmentation of migration processes and immobilization of migrants has an impact on migrants’ view of their own lives as ‘out of sync’ with modernity. Thinking about migration and immobility in relation to time offers a different perspective on migration processes which have until now mostly been theorized through reference to concepts of space.

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41

Muller, Hannah Weiss. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465810.003.0001.

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The Introduction situates this study historiographically and synthesizes an array of literature relating to the Age of Revolution and to subjecthood and citizenship more generally. It first identifies the historical inaccuracies that result from the recurrent opposition of subject and citizen and from the tendency to view subjects as inferior precursors to citizens. It then explains how identifying as British subjects lay at the heart of individuals’ relationships to one another, to their sovereign, and to the empire. The introduction clarifies the book’s focus on the three decades after the Seven Years’ War and offers an overview of each chapter’s goals and arguments.

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42

Berry, Craig, and Michael Kenny. Ideology and the Intellectuals. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0015.

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The question of how intellectuals ought to relate to the ideological traditions of the political cultures of modern societies has been a recurrent theme of European social and political thought over the last two centuries. This chapter explores earlier traditions of European thinking, associated with the work of Karl Mannheim, Julien Benda, and Antonio Gramsci, which established the major lines of debate about the relationship of intellectuals to a sense of nationhood and the political traditions of the polities they inhabited. These ideas form the backdrop to the analysis of the drift towards post-national thinking among important groups of intellectual practitioners in the UK towards the end of the twentieth century. Cosmopolitan thinking, the article suggests, has tended to obscure the ideological character of the main lines of political thinking associated with globalization, and ensured that progressive intellectuals tended to abandon the ‘national-popular’ to their counterparts on the political right, with fateful consequences.

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43

Tolchin, Benjamin, and Gaston Baslet. Readiness to Start Treatment and Obstacles to Adherence. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0013.

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Effective evidence-based psychotherapeutic regimens for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are available, but several obstacles still contribute to poor adherence to treatment. This chapter reviews the three stages at which patient dropout tends to occur in clinical practice and in studies. Patient-related, provider-related, and systemic causes of nonadherence are reviewed. Patient-related factors include a failure to accept or understand the diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidities, and ambivalence about change. Provider-related and systemic factors include a shortage of behavioral health specialists, gaps in care between neurologists and mental health providers, a lack of familiarity with the disorder, and stigmatization of patients. The chapter concludes with a review of potential interventions to address obstacles to treatment, including an integrated treatment team with joint presentation of the diagnosis, rapid and streamlined transition into psychotherapy, motivational interviewing, and engagement of patients’ family members and support systems.

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44

Phillips, J. R. S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198223597.003.0001.

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MOST previous research on the reign of Edward II has tended to concentrate attention upon opposition to the monarchy during the periods of major political crisis, one result of this being the relative neglect of the remaining quieter portions of the reign which harboured the seeds of these troubles. This approach has also meant that there has been insufficient study of the individual role of any of the leading political figures. Consequently any attempt to trace the career of one of the important magnates might not only be expected to throw fresh light upon his own activities but also to help fill many of the gaps in our knowledge of the reign of Edward II....

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45

Dunlop, Storm. 6. Weather in the tropics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199571314.003.0006.

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‘Weather in the tropics’ considers the weather systems between the two subtropical anticyclones, lying at approximately latitudes 30 °N and S. The trade winds consist of air that flows out of the subtropical anticyclones towards the equatorial trough. They are strongest in the winter season, tending to weaken during the summer. The northern and southern hemisphere trade winds converge at the Intertropical Convergence Zone, whose position is variable. The South Pacific Convergence Zone is closely associated with the changes involved in the Walker Circulation and El Niño events. The convergence zones over the Indian Ocean show major changes in location during the northern summer, and these are related to seasonal monsoons.

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Rothstein, Bo. Introduction. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.1.

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Sweden is often portrayed as the archetypal welfare state, emphasizing universalism, equality, and redistribution. The chapters in the section show that popular support for the welfare state remains strong and is indeed growing; that the global tendency toward neoliberalism has not left a major impact on the welfare state and neoliberals in Sweden actually subscribe to the basic idea of the welfare state; that although the welfare state promotes gender equality Sweden still has yet to achieve the goal of equality; and that the normative foundation of the welfare state can be seen as related to the ideas put forth by Habermas and Sen.

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Hume, Robert D. Authorship, Publication, Reception (2). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the period between the mid-1680s and 1740, long considered to be the time ‘the rise of the novel’ occurred. Scholars have difficulty separating fiction from factual narrative during this era, as the authors and readers of the time thought of fiction not as the ‘novel’ but rather as a congeries of disparate and overlapping types: ‘history’, ‘letters’, ‘tale’, ‘romance’, ‘secret history’, ‘memoirs’, ‘true relation’, and the like. Only in the 1740s could one find a publishing environment more familiar to modern observers. Moreover, a recurrent theme of this era is price, to which book historians are usually sensitive, but which literary critics have not tended to consider important. Price is a crucial factor in relation to the length of the book, the author's remuneration, the publisher's profit, and the audience that can be reached.

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Khan, Yasmin. Postcolonial History as War History in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0014.

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How we think about warfare in the past is intrinsically linked to our political commitments today. Wars have always swept up civilians in their terrors and been linked to famine, exploitation, and misogyny. They have often enhanced relative poverty and, in the past, consolidated empire by suppressing rebellion. Reflecting on Eric Hobsbawm’s engagement with empire and warfare, this chapter considers the ways in which narratives of the two world wars in the twentieth century have tended to centre on Europe and to obscure decolonization. Focusing on the history of the British empire, this chapter argues that examining the fullest implications of warfare in the twentieth century and its ramifications for colonial civilians is a way of understanding the history of Britain’s recent past.

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Fox, Susan H., and Marina Picillo. A Rapidly Progressive Movement Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0028.

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Prion diseases are a rare group of transmissible and untreatable encephalopathies that ultimately result in death after a short and rapidly progressive illness. The clinical features are variable but share a mix of cortical and subcortical features and a tendency for worsening at a speed that is typically faster than the monthly or yearly change seen in degenerative forms of dementia. Movement disorders represent a prominent feature of prion diseases and include cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptoms. Myoclonus is by far the most common involuntary movement in prion diseases. An awareness of the diagnosis is important to avoid the risk of iatrogenic transmission and to allow a discussion about prognosis with family and relatives.

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Wodziński, Marcin. Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0006.

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The self-image of Hasidism as a poor movement, typical of many religious groups in which the founding ethos of the group was in describing itself as untouched by earthly material desires, has been widely accepted in both common wisdom and the scholarship on Hasidism. Based on extensive narrative sources and some quantitative materials, this chapter provides a rich picture of Hasidic groups’ occupational and financial profile, which contradicts this prevailing view that the Hasidim were usually poor and detached from economic activity. It points to the Hasidim’s relative affluence, as well as to their tendency to cluster in the commercial professions and to avoid the crafts. More broadly, it points to the dynamic character of “class/church” interdependence and the ideological and cultural factors creating them. It also confirms the correlation between a religious group’s strictness and its socioeconomic strength and attractiveness.

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