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1
Parrondo, Tort Luz. „Relationship between earnings management and corporate strategies: social responsibility and enterprise risk management“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385916.
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This thesis revolves around financial transparency and its relationship with social transparency (CSR disclosure) and risk management at the managerial level. The first chapter identifies regulatory (10K) reports as the preferred disclosing channel for “social-transparent” companies (social-disclosing firms which are “high” in social activities) while “social-labeled” companies (social-disclosing firms which are “low” in social activities) choose to initiate disclosure in voluntary standalone CSR reports. The second chapter uses this identification strategy to examine whether “social-transparent” companies are also financially transparent. I find that “social-labeled” firms decrease the quality of financial information in the first period after first issuance of a CSR voluntary report. Contrarily, “social-transparent” firms increase the quality of their financial reporting after initiation of CSR disclosure on the 10K, suggesting equal financial and social transparent behavior. In the last chapter, I show how the implementation of an Enterprise Risk Management Committee (ERMC) has a negative impact transaction-based earnings management but not clear impact on accrual based earnings management.Esta tesis gira en torno a la transparencia financiera y su relación con la transparencia social (RSC) y con la gestión de riesgos a nivel gerencial. En el primer capítulo identifico las cuentas anuales (10K) como el canal de divulgación seleccionado por las empresas "socio-transparentes" (empresas divulgadoras con altos niveles previos de actividad social), mientras que las empresas "socio-etiquetadas" (empresas divulgadoras con bajos niveles previos de actividad social) optan por emitir esta información en informes voluntarios no oficiales. En el segundo capítulo se utiliza esta estrategia de identificación para examinar si las empresas socialmente transparentes son también empresas transparentes en su comunicación financiera. Los resultados sugieren que las empresas "socio-etiquetadas” incrementan la discrecionalidad contable durante el periodo inmediatamente posterior a la emisión de un informe de RSC voluntario. Por el contrario, las empresas "socio-transparentes" incrementan su calidad financiera tras iniciar la comunicación de su actividad social en las cuentas anuales, mostrando igual intención de ser transparentes tanto social como financieramente. En el último capítulo se muestra cómo la implementación de un Comité de Gestión de Riesgo Empresarial (ERMC) reduce la discrecionalidad la manipulación contable realizada a través de transacciones, pero no muestra evidencia de impacto sobre la manipulación realizada a nivel contable.
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Parrondo, Tort Luz. „Relationship between earnings management and corporate atrategies: social responsibility and enterprise risk management“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385916.
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This thesis revolves around financial transparency and its relationship with social transparency (CSR disclosure) and risk management at the managerial level. The first chapter identifies regulatory (10K) reports as the preferred disclosing channel for “social-transparent” companies (social-disclosing firms which are “high” in social activities) while “social-labeled” companies (social-disclosing firms which are “low” in social activities) choose to initiate disclosure in voluntary standalone CSR reports. The second chapter uses this identification strategy to examine whether “social-transparent” companies are also financially transparent. I find that “social-labeled” firms decrease the quality of financial information in the first period after first issuance of a CSR voluntary report. Contrarily, “social-transparent” firms increase the quality of their financial reporting after initiation of CSR disclosure on the 10K, suggesting equal financial and social transparent behavior. In the last chapter, I show how the implementation of an Enterprise Risk Management Committee (ERMC) has a negative impact transaction-based earnings management but not clear impact on accrual based earnings management.Esta tesis gira en torno a la transparencia financiera y su relación con la transparencia social (RSC) y con la gestión de riesgos a nivel gerencial. En el primer capítulo identifico las cuentas anuales (10K) como el canal de divulgación seleccionado por las empresas "socio-transparentes" (empresas divulgadoras con altos niveles previos de actividad social), mientras que las empresas "socio-etiquetadas" (empresas divulgadoras con bajos niveles previos de actividad social) optan por emitir esta información en informes voluntarios no oficiales. En el segundo capítulo se utiliza esta estrategia de identificación para examinar si las empresas socialmente transparentes son también empresas transparentes en su comunicación financiera. Los resultados sugieren que las empresas "socio-etiquetadas” incrementan la discrecionalidad contable durante el periodo inmediatamente posterior a la emisión de un informe de RSC voluntario. Por el contrario, las empresas "socio-transparentes" incrementan su calidad financiera tras iniciar la comunicación de su actividad social en las cuentas anuales, mostrando igual intención de ser transparentes tanto social como financieramente. En el último capítulo se muestra cómo la implementación de un Comité de Gestión de Riesgo Empresarial (ERMC) reduce la discrecionalidad la manipulación contable realizada a través de transacciones, pero no muestra evidencia de impacto sobre la manipulación realizada a nivel contable.
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Сырчина, Т. С., und T. S. Syrchina. „Исследование связи склонности к риску с ответственностью у студентов-психологов : магистерская диссертация“. Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/99998.
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Объектом исследования явились личностные особенности: склонность к риску и ответственность. Предметом исследования стала связь ответственности и склонности к риску у студентов-психологов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (64 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя описание и бланки применявшихся методик, а также описательную статистику по получившимся результатам. Объем магистерской диссертации 92 страницы, на которых размещены 1 рисунок и 28 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также научная новизна исследования. Первая глава включает в себя обзор научных данных по теме ответственности и риска, определения на которые опирались при построении теоретической части, основные характеристики, структуры. Так же идет описание использовавшихся методик, их семантический анализ, интерпретации. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методика «Готовность к риску» Шуберта, «Самооценка склонности к экстремально-рискованному поведению» М. Цуккермана, тест «Ответственный ли Вы человек?» А. Мохнача, методика «Определение ответственности» М.Л.Осташевой, «Шкала социальной ответственности» Л. Берковица и К.Луттермана (по К. Муздыбаеву). Также в главе представлены таблицы проведенных корреляционных анализов результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.The object of the study was personal characteristics: risk-taking and responsibility. The subject of the study was the relationship between responsibility and risk - taking in psychology students. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (64 sources) and an appendix that includes a description and forms of the methods used, as well as descriptive statistics on the results obtained. The volume of the master's thesis is 92 pages, which contain 1 figure and 28 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base, as well as the scientific novelty of the research, are indicated. The first chapter includes an overview of the scientific data on the topic of responsibility and risk, the definitions that were used in the construction of the theoretical part, the main characteristics, and structures. There is also a description of the methods used, their semantic analysis, and interpretation. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the method "Risk readiness" by Schubert, "Self-assessment of the propensity to extreme risky behavior" by M. Zuckerman, the test "Are you a responsible person?" by A. Mokhnach, the method "Determination of responsibility" by M. L. Ostasheva, "The scale of social responsibility" by L. Berkowitz and K. Lutterman (according to K. Muzdybayev). The chapter also presents tables of the conducted correlation analyses of the results of the study. Conclusions from Chapter 2 include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, in a generalized form, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for the further development of this problem are described.
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Johansson, Anders. „Risk and Responsibility in the GMO Discourse“. Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1855.
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An application of biotechnology that has been rapidly matured under the last ten years is genetically modified food. The deliberative release of GMO faces the challenge of complying with sustainable development and implies a precautionary approach to all possible risk involved. This study purpose is to investigate the problems of risks concerning deliberative release of GMO and to define the question of responsibility. These two themes, risk and responsibility, are discussed in relation to society, citizens, corporations andscience. A more profound understanding of the relation between risk and responsibility in the GMO context could contribute to the sensitivity and deliberation in bio-politics, so it better can cope with democratic governance, public debate and risk deliberations.
Politicians and other decisions-makers have a responsibility to assure that they have sufficient knowledge and understanding for the issue at hand before taking any decision. A responsible bio-politics departs from the precautionary principle in decisions making, gaining knowledge in dialogue with concerned GMO actors and tries to correspond to sustainable development. Hence, knowledge and understanding is needed which are reached in dialogue with other parties in order to allowed values, attitudes and knowledge to be deliberate more extensively.
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Strauss, Kendra. „Risk, responsibility and choice in U.K. occupational pensions“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540180.
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Ndowora, Nyari. „The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Drivers and Corporate Social Responsibility Maturity levels“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52275.
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The need for companies to achieve different outcomes in terms of their vision and goals has resulted in the rise of different drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Due to the differences in these desired outcomes and in some instances lack of sufficient knowledge, companies operate at different maturity levels of CSR. This research was based on the premise that identifying the relationship between CSR drivers and the CSR maturity levels would contribute towards helping to achieve the highest level of maturity while identifying how companies can better understand the concept of CSR as a whole.
An exploratory study was undertaken between July 2015 to October 2015 and ten interviews were conducted with company directors, executives or senior managers responsible for sustainability / CSR. Research findings indicate strong, moderate and weak links between CSR drivers and CSR maturity level and these could be used to guide companies that need to move to next level of maturity. Factors such as education and mentoring of companies were identified to be essential for companies in order for them to be driven to a higher CSR maturity level. Matching allocation of funds between the drivers and the desired longterm achievements was found to be essential for achievement of the highest level of maturity level.Mini-disseration (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
nk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
7
Bowers, Gemma. „The origins of inflated responsibility : an investigation into the relationship between adaptive responsibility and responsibility appraisals in young people“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521022.
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Background Inflated responsibility is a cognitive distortion that is characteristic of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and plays a crucial role in maintaining it (Salkovskis et at., 2000). The origins of inflated responsibility are uncertain, although Salkovskis, Shafran, Rachman, and Freeston (1999) proposed five hypotheses. Two of these related to experiences of excessive or insufficient levels of adaptive responsibility in childhood. With no existing measure of this `adaptive' responsibility, an initial aim of the study was to develop a measure to assess the responsibilities performed by young people. Then, the relationships between young people's adaptive responsibility, and parents' and young people's inflated responsibility and OCD symptomotology were investigated. Method The study used a cross sectional correlational design with a non-clinical population of young people (11 - 16years), and one of their parents (N = 67 dyads). All participants completed measures of inflated responsibility, OCD, and the adaptive responsibility of the young person. Results Responses on the new measure of adaptive responsibility were normally distributed, indicating that it adequately addressed the range of responsibilities across the 11-16 year age range. In contrast to the hypotheses, no significant relationships were found between high or low levels of adaptive responsibility and inflated responsibility or OCD symptoms in parents or young people. The exception was a significant difference in child-rated adaptive responsibility between those who scored high and low on the OCD-interference scale of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version (Berg et al., 1988). Although parents' OCD was not related to young people's OCD or young people's inflated responsibility, parents' inflated responsibility was associatedw ith young people's inflated responsibility. Conclusions The results partially support the cognitive model of inflated responsibility in OCD, in both adults and young people. The relationship found between parents' and young people's inflated responsibility warrants further investigation. Methodological weaknesses must be acknowledged in interpreting the results and future research with larger samples is required to further explore the origins of inflated responsibility beliefs.
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Southam, Peter. „The origins of inflated responsibility : investigating the relationship between adaptive responsibility, inflated responsibility and obsessive compulsive symptoms in young people“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68081/.
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Background and Objectives: Inflated responsibility is proposed to be a central concept in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive symptoms (Salkovskis, 1985). Five pathways to inflated responsibility have been proposed (Salkovskis et al., 1999) but have largely remained untested. Two of these pathways refer to experiences of having insufficient or excessive amounts of typical everyday childhood or ‘adaptive’ responsibilities. These two pathways were tested by the current study be examining the relationships between adaptive responsibilities, inflated responsibilities, and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Method: The study used a cross-sectional correlational questionnaire design to assess for levels of adaptive responsibilities, inflated responsibilities, and obsessive compulsive symptoms in 134 young people aged between 11 and 16 years, and one of their parents. Results: Significant positive associations were observed between levels of inflated responsibility and obsessive compulsive symptoms in young people and parents. There was also a significant positive relationship between child and parent ratings of adaptive responsibility. However, no relationships were observed between adaptive responsibility and inflated responsibility, or obsessive compulsive symptoms. Additionally, there were no between group differences observed for groups scoring high or low in levels of adaptive responsibility, inflated responsibility, or obsessive compulsive symptoms Conclusion: Findings appeared to support the inflated responsibility hypothesis of OCD in childhood and extend support to a downward extension of adult models of OCD to children. However, the findings did not support the notion of childhood experiences of insufficient or excessive amounts of adaptive responsibilities to be implicated in the development of OC symptoms. Methodological flaws limit the generalisability of these findings and further research may benefit from considering accumulative or interactions of experiences on the pathways hypothesised by Salkovskis et al. (1999).
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Yunis, Mohammad. „Corporate social responsibility of multinational companies in Pakistan“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/357447/.
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Despite the growing interest of scholars, research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the role of the subsidiaries of foreign multinational companies (MNCs) in the context of developing countries is scant. This research identifies the relevant concerns and knowledge gap in the literature, particularly, the lack of understanding of the behaviour of the subsidiaries of MNCs‟ in the context of developing countries. To address this knowledge gap this research examines the CSR of the subsidiaries of foreign MNCs in the context of a developing country (i.e. Pakistan). This research is embedded in an interpretive paradigm in which reality is subjective and social actors construct the social world. In addition, a framework is proposed that recognises the complexity of the social context within which MNCs operate, and the study presents a synthesis of interrelated theories and concepts to examine the CSR of MNCs in the context of Pakistan. Using the interpretive qualitative case study approach, empirical data were collected from different stakeholders of subsidiaries of foreign MNCs operating in Pakistan through semi-structured interviews and supplemented by annual CSR reports of MNCs. The findings highlight the usefulness of the framework and reveal that most of the MNCs operating in Pakistan are involved in philanthropic activities. These philanthropic CSR activities are the result of stakeholder legitimacy and urgency attributes. In addition, the weak legal institutional environment, the limited role of NGOs and the relatively strong social and cultural (particularly religious) institutional environment result in narrow CSR perceptions leading to mainly charity-based philanthropic activities. The findings of this research also suggest that MNCs integrate a global CSR orientation with local CSR expectations. There is however, only limited diffusion of a contemporary global CSR agenda due to the lack of systematic stakeholder engagement, lack of awareness about contemporary CSR issues, a lack of government power to implement laws, and a lack of interest of the parent companies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This research fills the gaps in literature through the proposed framework of the study and empirical evidence collected from a developing country context. In addition, this research suggests future research options and offers suggestions for managers of MNCs, representatives of NGOs and regulatory authorities.
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Mander, Tristan Richard. „Hazard, risk and responsibility in the current regulation of biotechnology“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3548/.
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Recent events have shown that the release of genetically modified crops and their use as food is increasingly controversial. The confusion over the issues involved displayed by the public, the media and governments across Europe is symptomatic of deficiencies in the current regulation of biotechnology. These deficiencies have been explained in terms of the differences between "product-based" and "process-based" models of regulation. These supposedly reflect the characteristics of, respectively, the United States and European regulatory frameworks. It has been claimed that the "process-based" model is functionally unable to distinguish real from conjectural risks. It is therefore dismissed as irrational and perpetuating the confusion experienced by the public whilst unnecessarily burdening the emerging biotechnology industry. This dichotomy, however convenient, does not accurately reflect or explain the characteristics of current regulations and does not inform the debate over the acceptability of biotechnology. The adequacy of a regulatory framework, i. e. the legislative policy rather than the efficiency or effectiveness of its application, in an international comparative context, must be established with regard to the principles of proportionality and precaution. As well as being the only available internationally- accepted references for this task, these two emerging principles of international law offer clear guidance for the understanding of the concepts of "risk" and "hazard", and help establish the corresponding legal responsibilities in the context of biotechnology. They allow a fair and adequate evaluation of all the points of view present in the biotechnology debate. Accordingly, both regulatory frameworks present defects, but these are not insurmountable. The frameworks are neither equivalent nor mutually exclusive, and cannot be treated as alternatives. Their differences illustrate the sovereign right of States to choose appropriate levels of safety for their jurisdictions, as long as this choice is adequately justified. This right is not a barrier to trade or to scientific understanding.
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Skoglund, Caroline. „Risk-aware Autonomous Driving Using POMDPs and Responsibility-Sensitive Safety“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300909.
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Autonomous vehicles promise to play an important role aiming at increased efficiency and safety in road transportation. Although we have seen several examples of autonomous vehicles out on the road over the past years, how to ensure the safety of autonomous vehicle in the uncertain and dynamic environment is still a challenging problem. This thesis studies this problem by developing a risk-aware decision making framework. The system that integrates the dynamics of an autonomous vehicle and the uncertain environment is modelled as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). A risk measure is proposed based on the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) distance, which quantifying the minimum distance to other vehicles for ensuring safety. This risk measure is incorporated into the reward function of POMDP for achieving a risk-aware decision making. The proposed risk-aware POMDP framework is evaluated in two case studies. In a single-lane car following scenario, it is shown that the ego vehicle is able to successfully avoid a collision in an emergency event where a vehicle in front of it makes a full stop. In the merge scenario, the ego vehicle successfully enters the main road from a ramp with a satisfactory distance to other vehicles. As a conclusion, the risk-aware POMDP framework is able to realize a trade-off between safety and usability by keeping a reasonable distance and adapting to other vehicles behaviours.Autonoma fordon förutspås spela en stor roll i framtiden med målen att förbättra effektivitet och säkerhet för vägtransporter. Men även om vi sett flera exempel av autonoma fordon ute på vägarna de senaste åren är frågan om hur säkerhet ska kunna garanteras ett utmanande problem. Det här examensarbetet har studerat denna fråga genom att utveckla ett ramverk för riskmedvetet beslutsfattande. Det autonoma fordonets dynamik och den oförutsägbara omgivningen modelleras med en partiellt observerbar Markov-beslutsprocess (POMDP från engelskans “Partially Observable Markov Decision Process”). Ett riskmått föreslås baserat på ett säkerhetsavstånd förkortat RSS (från engelskans “Responsibility-Sensitive Safety”) som kvantifierar det minsta avståndet till andra fordon för garanterad säkerhet. Riskmåttet integreras i POMDP-modellens belöningsfunktion för att åstadkomma riskmedvetna beteenden. Den föreslagna riskmedvetna POMDP-modellen utvärderas i två fallstudier. I ett scenario där det egna fordonet följer ett annat fordon på en enfilig väg visar vi att det egna fordonet kan undvika en kollision då det framförvarande fordonet bromsar till stillastående. I ett scenario där det egna fordonet ansluter till en huvudled från en ramp visar vi att detta görs med ett tillfredställande avstånd till andra fordon. Slutsatsen är att den riskmedvetna POMDP-modellen lyckas realisera en avvägning mellan säkerhet och användbarhet genom att hålla ett rimligt säkerhetsavstånd och anpassa sig till andra fordons beteenden.
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Theocharakis, Nikolaos. „An investigation of the relationship between responsibility and pay“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358761.
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Lim, Christopher. „Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4529.
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Consumers are demanding that corporations become more socially responsible. Executives are challenged to maximize shareholders' returns with achieving a favorable corporate citizen status. The research problem was a gap in knowledge and understanding of the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance. This study used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between key indicators of corporate social responsibility and financial performance from 372 corporations in the S&P500 in 2014. The theoretical foundation was Freeman's stakeholder theory. Environment, community, human rights, diversity, employee relations, product quality, and corporate governance were measures of social performance. Return on assets was used to measure financial performance. When corporate social responsibility was evaluated as an aggregate variable, a significant and negative relationship was found in the financial and material sectors. When corporate social responsibility variables were evaluated independently, employee relations and product quality in the healthcare sector, and community in the financial sector, were found to be positively significant. Environment, product quality, and corporate governance in the financial sector, and employee relations in the consumer and energy sectors, were found to be negatively significant. This study revealed that the relationship between some social variables and financial performance are significant, but not always in a positive direction. Practitioners, executives, and managers can use the findings to evaluate their firm's social position, develop strategies to address gaps, and undertake actions to enhance their firm's social performance, thereby creating positive social change in the community.
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Valentin, Dr Daisy. „Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Management, and Profitability“. ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5282.
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The U.S. hospitality industry's profitability has been shifting to environmental management and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Hospitality industries accounted for 5% of the global market in 2015 and are expected to increase by 130% in 2035. Grounded in stakeholder theory, this correlation study examined the relationship between corporate sustainability officer (CSO) CSR, CSO environmental management, and hospitality business profitability. Secondary data were collected from 97 hotel websites of the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota area from 2014 to 2016. The multiple linear regression combinations of CSR and environmental management (EM) measured significantly related to the profitability index, F(3, 93) = 4.67, p < .001, adj. R2 = .13. The sample multiple correlation coefficients were .36, indicating approximately 13% of the variance of the profitability index. The multiple linear regression combinations of CSR measures significantly related to the profitability index, F(2,94) = 6.05, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .11. The sample multiple correlation coefficients were .34, indicating approximately 11% of the variance of the profitability index. The linear combination of EM measures were not significantly related to the profitability index, F(2,94) = 2.91, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .06. The sample multiple correlation coefficients were .24, indicating approximately 6% of the variance of the profitability index. The implications for positive social change include the potential to identify hospitality industry leaders involved in environmental management who have a CSR to promote social change in their communities.
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Kallenberg, Kristian. „Business at risk : four studies on operational risk management“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2008. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/776.htm.
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Ciuperca, Roxana Maria. „The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Corporate Identity“. Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7410.
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LYU, JHE-YU, und 呂哲宇. „The Relationship between Corporate social responsibility and Stock Price Crash Risk“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49381757357364885115.
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碩士東吳大學
會計學系
104
Recent popular topic of global is corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsibility by disclose the report, the company can improve the transparency of information, the company's stakeholders a better understanding of the company's information, many companies prefer to invest corporate social responsibility . The company's investors are concerned about company's stock price, afraid of crash, this study to investigate relationship between corporate social responsibility and crash risk. This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) mitigates or contributes to stock price crash risk. , following Chen et al. (2001) measure crash, is negative coefficient of skewness (NCSKEW), and the sample period for the period 2008-2014, has selected in Corporate Responsibility Magazine best corporate citizen and pick similar asset size and same industry companies. We find that firms CSR performance is negatively associated with future crash risk ; the higher weighted average score(poor ranking) the crash risk relatively high ; corporate social responsibility human rights score higher(poor ranking) the crash risk relatively high, the environment、corporate governance score between the crash risk not reach significant levels.
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Shih, Po-Cheng, und 施柏丞. „The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Shareholder Value：A Risk Management Perspective“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24935070913351188397.
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碩士長榮大學
經營管理研究所
99
The concept of corporate social responsibility has become an important academic issue. We want to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value by risk management perspective. We use event study to investigate whether the S&P 500s’ CSR participation temper negative abnormal returns when they suffer a negative event because of insurance-like value during 2001-2008. Then we also consider the competitor’s CSR and long-term CSR participation. The empirical results indicate that the short-term CSR and competitor’s CSR have no significant to the cumulative abnormal returns. On the other hand, long-term CSR is positive and significant to the cumulative abnormal returns. So we find that the long-term CSR provides stockholder value with insurance-like protection for a positive reputation capital when a firm suffers a negative event.
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Hsu, Yi-An, und 許翌安. „A Study on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Default Risk“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72438814101179898578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立中興大學
財務金融學系所
104
Corporate social responsibility has been a hot issue in the past decade. This study is to investigate the relationships between corporate social responsibility and default risk. Corporate social rating data came from KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. during 2000-2014 in U.S.A. The Federal Reserve’s Quantitative Easing Policy after financial crisis increases both financial assets value and leverage, however, QE will decreasing credit spread then. We try to modify KMV model which raised by Merton (1974) in two ways. Firstly we increase long-term debt ratio''s weight and then considering stock trading volume in KMV model. We empirically test the relationships between corporate social responsibility performance and distance to default based on modified KMV model. The empirical results show that the more excellent performance of corporation social responsibility the smaller default risk which match our expectation.
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YANG, RUEI-YU, und 楊睿瑜. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance and Stock Price Crash Risk“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a86uf9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
經營管理系
107
This study mainly discusses three major themes, namely, the relationship between corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk, the individual relationship between corporate governance five parts and stock price crash risk, and the individual cross-section of corporate governance five parts, which interferes with corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk. The impact of the relationship also further deduce the impact of corporate social responsibility on the risk of stock price crash, whether it will be different due to good or poor corporate governance. Corporate social responsibility is measured by whether or not the company issues a corporate social responsibility book in a specific year. Corporate governance is measured by five aspects. The research sample is Taiwan's upper cabinet electronics industry. It is hoped that the empirical results can help Taiwan's electronic industry to implement corporate society in the future. The research results partially support the hypothesis of this study. The comprehensive research results show that companies with good corporate governance, the more corporate social responsibility is done, the lower risk of stock price crash risk; when the more bad corporate governance, the more corporate social responsibility, the higher the risk of a stock price crash risk, in addition, in the short term the implementation of corporate social responsibility is not conducive to Taiwan's electronic industry.
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Li, Jun-Yi, und 李俊毅. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Information Asymmetry – The Mediating Effects of Credit Risk“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rfqpdr.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士中原大學
會計研究所
105
This study explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and information asymmetry in the China market, and whether credit risk as the mediator between corporate social responsibility and information asymmetry. Using Rankings CSR Ratings (RKS) Social Responsibility Report Rating Database to measure the CSR of China''s Shanghai A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2015. The results show that when companies engage in CSR and disclose CSR information, it will reduce the information asymmetry with external stakeholders. However, after controlling for credit risk, there is no significant reduction in the impact of CSR on information asymmetry, thereby shows that this study did not find credit risk serve as the mediator between corporate social responsibility and information asymmetry.
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LIU, CHUN-HUNG, und 劉駿紘. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Idiosyncratic Risk: Evidence from Taiwan Listed Companies“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9xd5eb.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計與資訊科技研究所
108
The majority of studies examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate performance, however, an investigation from the perspective of corporate risk remains limited. Corporate risk can be divided into market risk and idiosyncratic risk, in which market risk represents the overall risks in the market that cannot be diversified. On the other hand, the idiosyncratic risk is an inherent risk associated with a firm that is diversifiable. Using a dataset from 2015 to 2017 of Taiwanese listed companies, this study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm idiosyncratic risk. To deal with the possible endogenous problem, this study employs two-stage least squares and instrumental variable methods to address such an endogeneity problem. The empirical results of this study show that there is a significant negative association between corporate social responsibility and idiosyncratic risk, indicating that the more a firm involved in corporate social responsibility, the lower the idiosyncratic risk is. Thus, the empirical findings enable external investors to make investment decisions based on the degree of a firm’s engagement on corporate social responsibility activities as a basis of judgment.
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Lin, Sheng-Fong, und 林昇鋒. „The legal relationship and attibution of the relevant risk and responsibility in human clinical trial“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15411922298150173718.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
99
The life expectancy of people in both advanced and developing countries almost all exceeds seventy years due to the advance of scientific development. Nowadays, what human pursue is not only the prolongation of life but also the improvement of life quality. If reviewing the history, we can find all such progresses just happened in the past eight decades only! The background reason for such extraordinary achievement must be attributed to the research and development of basic medicine; however, further clinical proof of the basic research finding and realizing the academic research outcomes into commercial goods are the key success factors of human life improvement. In the era of evidence based medicine, human clinical trial turns out to be a critical bridge between basic bench work and clinical application. However, the so called “human clinical trial” is a research which testifies the scientist’s hypothesis with human body as the study material. No matter the researchers or the study participants will take potential risk! It is quite critical to build up a legal system in the modern society to achieve the following goals: maintain the reasonable rights for all stakeholders of clinical trials; facilitate the progress and improvement of medical science; protect the trial participants rights to avoid the loss of the nature of right subject, and even turning to be the objects of a legal event. The earliest human clinical trial occurred in 18th century when Dr. Edward Jenner prevented from the transmission of small pox with cow pox virus. However, the large scale and systemic development of human clinical trials just happened 60 to 70 years ago when is the time of World War II. From then on, both the clinical trials sponsored by independent academia or pharmaceutical business corporate become more and more common. Unfortunately, there are always cases reports of sacrificing trial subjects’ rights in human clinical trials no matter in developed or developing countries up to now. This facts triggers my personal idea to do this research in order to achieve the followings: I would like to build up a reasonable and doable proposal by studying the relevant legal theories and articles; eventually, there will b a bridge which can connect the natural and human sciences and can make the human life quality get further improvement and progress. There are six chapters in this thesis. It is summarized in the following paragraphs. The first chapter focuses on the review of several historical events which turned out to be the milestones for ethics development in human clinical trials. We can figure out the basic principle for protection of trial subjects’ rights by the review of all events and their cor-responding ethics rule. Some brief introduction of our country’s rules and law for execution of human clinical trial will be addressed in this chapter. The second chapter includes the discussion of infrastructure and classification of human clinical trial in the following perspectives: the classification under the regulation; the scientific nature and key objectives of each kind of clinical trial; the potential risk which must be borne to each kind of stakeholders in different type of clinical trial. The third chapter will discuss the legal characteristics of human clinical trial. The infrastructure of a human clinical trial is composed by sponsor, trial investigator and his affiliated clinical institution, and study participants (study subjects). Some other personnel in clinical trial include clinical research organization (CRO), trial coordinator, and investigation research committee (IRB)/ethical committee (EC) of the affiliated institution. I would like to discuss the legal relationship of the related stakeholders mentioned above. The other important point is the legal nature of “informed consent” which includes the contents and the process to complete the “informed and consent”. The forth chapter will cover the rights among all stakeholders – the boundaries of each stakeholder’s rights, the process of right main-tenance, the principle of injury compensation if there is right im-pingement issue. We will define the obligation and legal responsibility of each kind of right subjects in human clinical trial through the above discussion. The fifth chapter will discuss the compensation for any injuries incurred in the human clinical trial. We will discuss the principle of compensation for those injuries occurred in clinical trial – the model of compensation, application of torts or contract liability law? Should the models of risk responsibility or non-negligence liability be applied to the injury case of clinical trial or not? The last chapter will discuss the insurance system applied in human clinical trial. We will discuss which kind of insurance can be applied in human clinical trial and the potential expenditure incurred in the insurance system. I would also try to draw a conclusion based on the above discussion and propose a possibly doable compensation system used in our country as a proposal triggering further discussion in the future.
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Lee, Chia-Chih, und 李家志. „A Study of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Risk – Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4qm45d.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士嶺東科技大學
財務金融研究所
102
The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between CSR and firm risk in Chinese listed firms. We apply “Overall Ranking Listed of Corporate Social Responsibility” published by Southern Weekend from 2008 to 2012 as CSR measure, and we match non-CSR firms to CSR firms are based on the same industry and similar size in our sample. Moreover, considering the firm structures are different from SOEs and non-SOEs, we also examine these two subsamples respectively. The result shows that CSR engagement has a significant negative effect on firm risks, including systematic risk, standard deviation and Value-at-risk (VaR), the result implies that CSR engagement provide a insurance-like effect on firms. In addition, we also find the risk reducing effect induced by CSR engagement for SOEs is more significant than for non-SOEs.
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Lan, Wei-Ming, und 藍偉銘. „The relationship between corporate social responsibility and idiosyncratic risk: a case study of Taiwan listed companies“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60968565749572900133.
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碩士輔仁大學
企業管理學系管理學碩士班
105
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an important issue for many years involving in many scholars and professionals to indicate that stakeholders rather than stock holders should be the focal point of concern. As compared to developed countries, Taiwan’s government has been on the rise of requiring listed firms engage in CSR. However, many firms remain passive by assuming that CSR is cumbersome and costly, and are reluctant to engage in. In this study we explore how CSR is related to firm’s idiosyncratic risks. Prior studies indicate that the relation could be positive based on the premise that the firm’s idiosyncratic risk increases as the firm’s engagement of CSR which is supposed to consume manager’s attention and energy. Alternatively, the relation could be negative because firms that devoted to CSR could enjoy the reputation benefit of not being disregarded by investors who might pursue nonpecuniary reward from investing in firms. Using a sample of 11,470 listed firms in Taiwan in period of 2008-2015 we firstly construct corporate social performance index (CSP) from 18 dimensions of CSR prepared by the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ), a data company in Taiwan. Firm’s idiosyncratic risk is alternatively gauged via single-index, three-factor model of Fama and French (1993), and four-factor model of Carhart (1997). The result indicates that firm’s idiosyncratic risk is negatively correlated with firm’ CSR engagement, gauged by CSP, no matter the idiosyncratic risk is gauged by single index model, three-factor model, or four-factor model. We also subdivide the CSP into three dimensions: environment, employee, and society, and find that some sub-items of each dimension are positively while some are negatively correlated with firm’s idiosyncratic risk.
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Hsiao, Ya-Ju, und 蕭雅如. „Analysis from Corporate Social Responsibility on the Relationship between Non-financial Information Disclosure and Corporate Performance/Risk“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q4h3s4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
財務金融技術學系
106
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been gradually emphasized by the society and enterprises since 1980s. The basic concept of CSR is to advocate to the enterprise that while pursuit of profits (increasing shareholders' wealth) may be the most important goal, paying attention to resources sharing to other stakeholders in the society may also facilitating sustainable operation. On the one hand, the company's performance on CSR is embodied in the context of CSR report, on the other hand, existing research has indicating that companies with nonfinancial information disclosure (especially they are voluntary disclosure), performing as good management signaling, tend to have a lower degree of asymmetric information and agency cost and enjoy cheaper financial cost and superior financial performance. This master thesis employs annual data of 1,524 listed companies on the Taiwan Stock Exchange and Taipei Exchange Market covering the period of 2013-2016, and examines the relevance of company's social responsibility report on performance/risk. In addition, this research also discusses and examines how voluntary disclosure of CSR report has impacts on corporate and risk of a company. Empirical evidence shows that there is no significant positive correlation between the disclosure of CSR report, but those companies with voluntarily and guaranteed by independent third-party tend to have superior performance and lower risk.
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KO, DAN-JYUAN, und 柯丹涓. „An Examination of the Relationship between Executive Compensation, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stock Risk: Evidence from Taiwan“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55622q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士東海大學
國際經營與貿易學系
107
This study discusses how the design of the executive compensation system influences corporate social responsibility, and how corporate social responsibility affects stock risk under different compensation systems. We collected the companies that had been selected by the Exellence in Corporate Social Responsibility of Common Wealth Magazine in any year from 2007 to 2016, and we defined them as “A company which engaged in CSR”. Based on the asset scale and the industry category of listed companies, we selected the firms which were not awarded a prize in the ratio of one to one, and we defined them as “A company which didn’t engage in CSR or had bad CSR performance”. The data of executive compensation information and daily stock price for calculating stock risk were collected from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ). The research results showed that most of the executive compensation was significantly and positively related to corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility was significantly and negatively related to downside risk. When salary and bonus and special expenses were relatively high, corporate social responsibility was more significantly and negatively related to downside risk. When salary and employee stock options were relatively high, corporate social responsibility was significantly and positively related to crash risk. When the manager had cash bonus or employee stock options, the effect of reducing downside risk was a little bit decreased.
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LIEN, CHIA-CHUN, und 連家君. „The Relationship among Reverse Logistics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Image: Study on the Moderating Effect of Risk Society“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/psc7bj.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士德明財經科技大學
行銷管理系
102
In recent years, with the rapid progress of science and technology, things and events have become highly uncertain. Companies should adopt the perspective of sustainable development and break away from their traditional way of thinking. They should bring in the concept of environmental protection into the corporate culture to provide goods or services that are of value to society, so as to stand out from the stiff competition. This study mainly investigates companies’ implementation of reverse logistics and corporate social responsibility, and their impact on corporate image. Using risk society as a moderating factor, the study will also investigate if the results will differ. This study uses the statistical software package of SPSS 20.0 as its instrument of analysis. And based on the study of literature reviews, the operational definition was constructed. The research questionnaire was designed with Likert scale. A total of 380 questionnaires were collected, of which 344 were deemed to be valid, representing an effective response rate of 90.5%. The hypotheses were verified via hierarchical regression analysis. The findings of the research result are shown as follows: (A)Implementation of reverse logistics management brings positive effects to corporate image. (B)Commitment in social responsibility brings positive effects to corporate image. (C)No significant moderating effect by risk society on reverse logistics and corporate image. (D)A presence of moderating effect by risk society on corporate social responsibility and corporate image. Keywords: Reverse Logistics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image, Risk Society
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Yang, Shin-Yin, und 楊欣穎. „A Study of Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Risk under the Subprime Global Financial Storm-Take Taiwan’s Companies as Examples“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71161346704978915373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
98
The Subprime Global Financial Storm provides us a great opportunity to verify whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) brings benefits to companies and reduces their risk. This study is to explore the relationship between corporate social performance and risk by verifying the hypothesis that greater CSR a firm is, the lower risk a firm is exposed. The research constructs regression models to verify the hypothesis by using Common Wealth Magazine and Global Views Magazine CSR survey scores as the corporate social performance proxy. The results of the first stage show that CSR is negatively related with risk; the second and third stages show that large size and electronic companies pay more attention on CSR and lower their risk more effectively.
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Park, Byunguk Randon. „Understanding Perspectives of Risk Awareness“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5505.
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Research in risk awareness has been relatively neglected in the health informatics literature, which tends largely to examine project managers’ perspectives of risk awareness; very few studies explicitly address the perspectives held by senior executives such as directors. Another limitation evident in the current risk literature is that studies are often based on American data and/or they are restricted to American culture. Both factors highlight the need to examine how senior executives (i.e., directors) who oversee or direct eHealth projects in Canada perceive risk awareness. This research explores and discusses the perspectives of risk awareness (i.e., identification, analysis, and prioritization) held by directors and project managers who implement Canadian eHealth projects. Semi-structured interviews with nine directors and project managers uncovered six key distinctions in these two groups’ awareness of risk. First, all project managers valued transparency over anonymity, whereas directors believed that an anonymous reporting system for communicating risks had merit. Secondly, most directors emphasized the importance of evidence-based planning and decision making when balancing risks and opportunities, an aspect none of the project managers voiced. Thirdly, while project managers noted that the level of risk tolerance may evolve from being risk-averse to risk-neutral, directors believed that risk tolerance evolved toward risk-seeking. Directors also noted the importance of employing risk officers, a view that was not shared by project managers. Directors also believed the risk of too little end-user engagement and change management was the most important risk, whereas project managers ranked it as the least important. Finally, when directors and project managers were asked to identify and define the root cause(s) of eHealth risks, directors identified the complexity of health care industry, while project managers attributed it to political pressure and a lack of resources where eHealth projects are concerned. This research proposes that the varied perspectives of risk awareness held by directors and project managers must be considered and integrated to properly align expectations and build partnerships for successful eHealth project outcomes. Understanding risk awareness offers a means to systematically identify and analyze the complex nature of eHealth projects by embracing uncertainties, thereby enabling forward thinking (i.e., staying one step ahead of risks) and the ability to prevent avoidable risks and seize opportunities.Graduate
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Wu, Ting-Yi, und 吳定益. „Corporate Social Responsibility and Systematic Risk“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/usv3q7.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理系碩士班
106
This study sets Corporate Social Responsibility as the antecedent variable, using employee morale, information transparency, cost of capital and real option as mediators to construct a model that affects the systematic risk. The sample contains the listed companies from Taiwan over the period 2010 to 2015. We also consider the potential endogeneity problems, using Generalized Method of Moment to enhance the reliability of results. Because there is no a standards to assess the CSR performance in Taiwan, this study uses the method of MSCI ESG Database to assess the CSR and also uses the Corporate Social Responsibility Best Practice Principles that announced by Taiwan Stock Exchange and Taipei Exchange to build the CSR evaluation system. We find that firms engage in CSR will reduce the systematic risk through high employee moral, high information transparency, low cost of capital, and real option. Furthermore, we also use different type of CSR performance, include CSR performance without regard to Corporate Governance, CSR performance consider negative events irrespective of Corporate Governance factor and other performance indicators to analyze the impact of CSR. The results remain the same.
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Connell, Katherine. „Managing Risk at Times of Pandemic: Whose Responsibility?“ 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14817.
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The Canadian healthcare system has become increasingly decentralised as a result of neoliberal policy leanings. Many responsibilities have shifted from federal to provincial to regional health authorities. As a result of their heavy workloads and strained budgets, these regional health authorities have begun striking up new community partnerships. This thesis examines the role that lay institutions play within the Canadian healthcare system via a case study of Dalhousie University’s handling of the 2009/2010 H1N1 pandemic. Document analysis and participant interviews reveal how the institution worked to protect the health of its population, why it was inclined to take on this responsibility, and how doing so impacted the everyday work of Dalhousie University employees. Based on this case study, the thesis argues that the capacity of lay institutions and their employees to respond to health crises is likely to depend on a number of factors, which has important public health implications.
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Tu, Jun-Wei, und 涂峻瑋. „Corporate Social Responsibility and Stock Price Crash Risk“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72753738697773725073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
財務金融技術學系
104
In recent years, the managenet practice has paid more and more attention on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) such that a corporation has to take care of not only stockholders but also all stakeholders surrounding business operation for sustainability. In addition to business cases and management practice devoted wide and great resource on CSR, academically, existing literature has well documented all kinds of benefits as well costs and linkaged firm’s performance on CSR and economic consequences. In this master thesis, I am curious about: Where firm’s performance on Corporate Social Responsibility has positive or negative effect on firm’s stock market performance, specifically, crash risk. The research sample borrows the SSE Social Responsibility Index, it create from China Shanghai Stock Exchange. If the company inclusion into SSE Social Responsibility Index, it is defind as CSR-company. By referring to Kim, Li and Li (2014), the first measure of crash risk is the negative conditional skewness of stock returns (NCSKEW), and the second measure of crash risk is the down-to-up volatility measure (DUVOL). Data about CSR, crash risk and financial performance covers 2009 to 2014. Interesting result shows that, contrary to Kim et al. (2014) result, the thesis shows positive effect between Corporate Social Responsibility and crash risk. The empirical finding can be explained that over-investment in Corporate Social Responsibility by Chinese firms incurs huge cost to outweight benefit that cause increased risk on stock market performance.
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Wang, Kun-Cheng, und 王坤成. „Research on Certification Authority's Responsibility and Risk Management“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vex7u9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
96
In the e-commerce market that developed quickly and popularized, the Government, enterprises, and consumers all care about setting up a security system for the on-line trade. When people trade by the general way, in order to confirm the identity or qualification and avoid denying afterward for each other, the party often require the other side to present their company’s seal impression and director's qualification certificate that issued by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, or hand over the personal seal certificate that issued by the household registration office, if people argue about the signature or seal is real or not, the parties always apply to the Criminal Investigation Bureau or the reference institution to identify it. People trade by the e-commerce way, the Certification Authority will act the mentioned role of institution, the Certification Authority take the responsibility to prove the identity or qualification of the applicant, sign and issue the certificate of Public key to identify the pair relation with the Private key, so as to prove the identity of dealers and their intent for offer or acceptance, and to upholding the security of transactions. Article 14 of the Electronic Signatures Act stipulate the tort responsibility of Certification Authority: “A certification service provider shall be liable for any damage caused by its operation or other certification-related process to the parties, or to a bona fide person who relies on the certificate, unless the certification service provider proves that it has not acted negligently.”, “Where a certification service provider clearly specifies the limitation for the use of the certificate, it shall not be liable for any damage arising from a contrary use.” Therefore the Certification Authority shall not be liable to compensate for the injury when it can prove no negligence in it’s act, or any damage arising from exceeding application limitation. The Certification Authority also set the compensation limit or exemption clause in the certification practice statement to lighten or avoid its compensation responsibility, so as to control the damage risk, however, these contract wording shall be regulated by the Article 12 of Consumer Protection Law; and further, if there is no limitation of application, or any damage arising from normal application, the Certification Authority still expose in the risk of the tort compensation responsibility. The above-mentioned risk character of the Certification Authority is low loss frequency and high loss severity, for managing this kind of risk, business should select and adopt the strategy of Risk Transference, to insure for their responsibility or participate in the mutual insured fund that formed by the same business, so as to transfer the potential risk of compensation for liability. The reference insurance policy sold at present is ' Information And Network Technology Errors Or Omissions Liability Insurance', it’s main coverage is to pay loss by reason of liability of imposed by Law or assumed in an insured contract, but it was transplanted from foreign and written in English, the claims condition is complicated, the article meaning also probably caused dispute, the whole insurance policy is not suitable exactly for the liability risk of the Certification Authority. If the insurer should research and develop a Chinese liability insurance policy for the certification business, there are some similar character policies such as liability insurance of the insurance adjuster, lawyer, accountant, or the other professional person and the product liability insurance policy could be referred. In addition, although the Certification Authority stated that there is not any agent relationship between them and the Registration Authority, the potential compensation responsibility and risk also need to be managed. When the insurers try to design the liability insurance of the Certification Authority, they could refer to the current ' Contractors’ All Risk Insurance' policy attach the Subcontractors as the Co-Insured, attach the Registration Authority as a Additional Insured. Key words: Electronic Signature, Digital Signature, Electronic Document, Certification Authority, Registration Authority, Public Key, Private Key, Risk Management, Risk Retention, Risk Reduction, Risk Transference, Risk Avoidance, Reliability Insurance
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Chen, Yen-Yu, und 陳燕玉. „Societal Responsibility in the Risk Society-The Question of the Ethics of Societal Responsibility“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31743198178802885638.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
100
According to Ulrich Beck, late modernity has institutionalized risks in itself. Along with the growing capacity technology grows the incalculability of the consequences. The technology, especially biotechnology, has challenged the premises of Enlightenment: the neutrality of science and the ethical idea that ‘ought to’ cannot be derived from’ is’. In risk society, science has lost a considerable degree of its own self-legitimation; many voices are involved in this process, new social action encroach scientific rationality, merging with communicative reason. The question is whether the new social movements are really capable of providing the basis of bridging ethics and politics. However, Hans Jonas argued that there is a vacuum in macro ethics today, and we need a new ethic of responsibility capable of addressing technology. No previous ethics had to consider the global condition of human life and the future generations, even the existence of nature itself. Therefore, this essay is based on Hans Jonas’s idea of the imperative of responsibility and tries to develop the idea of societal responsibility in risk society.
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Tsai, Yu-Cheng, und 蔡昱承. „Corporate social responsibility and business performance relationship“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00607903416712505286.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
保險金融管理系碩士班
100
Nowadays, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is highly recognized in business management, but its realization fails especially during a recession. Can CSR benefit stockholders and businesses in huge profits when it is valued? The present study aims to investigate whether corporations that emphasize CSR achieve better business performance. The study compares lists of the third to fifth annual Corporate Social Responsibility Awards by Global Views Monthly with businesses of similar market value, chosen by Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ), to examine whether CSR-focused businesses are superior to other companies in their business performance. The results showed that significant differences in business performance existed between corporations who value CSR and those who do not; nevertheless, there were no significant differences in terms of their future operating performance. It was also found that the corporate size does affect the degree to which a company stresses its CSR.
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Hsu, Cho-Hao, und 許倬豪. „Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Stock Price Crash Risk“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x3zraw.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
107
This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is related to stock price crash risk. Crash risk captures the information asymmetry between firms and investors, and is important for both existing and potential shareholders. If firms with integrity share more information with the general public through CSR disclosure, they shall have a lower crash risk. On the other hand, if managers use CSR disclosure simply for advertising and greenwashing, more CSR disclosure shall have no significant effect or be associated with higher crash risk. The finding here supports the mitigating effect of CSR disclosure on crash risk. I find that CSR disclosure is negatively related with crash risk one year later. Furthermore, I find the effect more prominent when firms have more analyst following, less effective corporate governance or higher financial reporting opacity. These are consistent with the hypotheses that analysts play a vital role in interpreting CSR information, firms with weaker primary monitoring mechanism shall enjoy more from the outside monitoring, and that nonfinancial information is complementary to financial reports. Upon all above, corporate governance disclosure is viewed to be the most crucial, among the three conventional categories of environmental, social and corporate governance.
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Kuo, Ya-fen, und 郭雅芬. „Corporate Social Responsibility, Enterprise Risk Management and Earnings Management“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66746640915877837261.
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Shih, Yun Hau, und 施雲華. „The Study on Corporate Social Responsibility Affecting Investment Risk“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80152048392327696385.
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碩士逢甲大學
會計學系
104
Under this generation of frequent commercial trade, companies are actively creating financial value and pursuing profit maximization. Inventors must rely on the information released by companies in order to have a profound understanding of their investment targets. However, the occurrence of food safety scandals and financial crisis (year 2008) , which resulted from subprime mortgage crisis, shows that enterprises tend to ignore the interests of the community in pursuit of maximizing their own profit and the lack of information disclosure and its incompleteness. Most people choose their investment targets mainly based on returns and investment risk. Most stockholders are Risk Aversion; therefore, raising the investment inclination of the investors by proposing low investment risk to the investors has become a subject of concern for companies. Many countries have started to promote Corporate Social Responsibly (CSR) and encourage publishing corporate sustainability report which would reveal the impact of business operations on economy, environments, and societies. In the process of publishing sustainability reports, companies would have a chance to know and improve their operating risks and challenges they will encounter. Hence, CSR can be used as a communication measurement method to provide sufficient information to investors and decrease the risk caused by information asymmetry. This paper is aimed to investigate the impact of risk from CSR by compiling CSRs report between 2007 and 2013 and CRS winning companies to establish a basis for evaluating companies to be participated in CSR. The risk is proxied by Nonsystematic Risk-FF3, Nonsystematic Risk-CAPM, and Expected Returns. The results show that compiling Corporate Sustainability Report can lower the investment risk and the same results are obtained by the other risk tests. Furthermore, the results confirm that information disclosure can have a positive effect on companies, and winning CSR prize can help companies reduce the risk of investment since investors tend to have more confidence in CSR winning companies.
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Chang, Ting-Wei, und 張庭瑋. „Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Risk and Effective Tax Rate“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10551568710959879784.
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碩士中國文化大學
會計學系
101
Paying tax is one of the necessary costs for corporates. Erosion of tax base always takes place when corporates deal with tax planning excessively. Now, the views of corporate social responsibility (CSR) become more concerned than ever. It is ap-propriate for the corporate to pay “fair share” of tax. Paying tax is deemed as one of CSR in The Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises published by OECD. This study examines the relationship between CSR and effective tax rate based on the samples of the corporates, which are from excellence in Corporate Social Responsibility in Common Wealth Magazine. The initial samples are collected from CSR report for the 2006-2011 financial years and excluded some corporates which are lack of financial data. We adopt effective tax rate as dependent variable, CSR and tax risk as inde-pendent variable. The main control variables are return on asstes, capital intensity, and so on. The research methods are descriptive statistics, regression analysis and so on. The empirical results indicate that the higher level of participation in CSR is, the higher of effective tax rate will be. In addition, the results showed that the prime of subsidiary in tax haven is negatively related to effective tax rate.
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Yang, Yi-An, und 楊以安. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Pension“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t2grkj.
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碩士元智大學
財務金融暨會計碩士班(會計學程)
105
Recently, the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the concern of labor rights have been emphasized and discussed by the social community. The benefit of employees is one of the corporate responsibilities, thus the objective of corporate social responsibility activities. Therefore, this study examines the pension systems on both Defined-contribution plan (new) and Defined-benefit plan (old). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the pensions. This paper uses the listed companies in Taiwan as the research project for the year 2007 to 2015. The empirical results show that the relationship between the pension expense and the corporate social responsibility is significantly positive; the relationship between the pension funded status and the corporate social responsibility is not statistically significant. This represents that the company which engaged in corporate social responsibility activities put more values on employee's pension benefits.
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Mei-ChiChen und 陳美琪. „Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Company Performance“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a392r4.
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關申浩. „The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Performance“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jx7j92.
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碩士輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
107
With the deepening of economic globalization, the corporate social responsibility are gradually being emphasized and valued. The Chinese mainland is gradually growing into the second largest economy in the world, and the concern about corporate social responsibility is also deepening. Since 2008, the Chinese mainland government has gradually promulgated relevant regulations on corporate social responsibility. This research is focus on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate performance in China's manufacturing industry through market performance and financial performance. Market performance is measured by the TOBINQ value, Financial performance is measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). In this research, the corporate social responsibility is measured by whether or not the company issued a corporate social responsibility report in the previous year, the Rankins CSR Ratings and Whether the enterprise issued a corporate social responsibility report is due to regulations or voluntary. The outcome of this research shows that, The implementation of corporate social responsibility is positively related to the market performance of the company，but no significant correlation with the financial performance of the company. That means that although corporate social responsibility will not bring significant improvements in corporate performance, the market will compensate enterprises.
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Tan, Zhi-Jie, und 譚至傑. „Relationship between Ownership Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77747687492893617854.
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碩士國立中興大學
會計學研究所
104
CSR has been discussed widely in recent years, operating businesses is not only connects to economy, but also to society and environment, therefore, Taiwan progressively establishes laws and regulations to regulate listed firms to issue CSR report and enforce internal company governance, which includes board characteristics and ownership structure. This paper mainly conduct research on issues of ownership structure, investigates whether the ratio of structures is associated with the possibility of being named CSR awarded firms and scores of awarded firms. Moreover, this paper includes shareholdings of political connected (hereafter, PCs) directors to inspect the effects of political background. Our sample starts from all public firms traded on TWSE from 2006 to 2014.We obtain financial data for public firms traded on Taiwan Stock Exchange from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database, and the CSR information from Common Wealth Magazine. The empirical results show that there is a negative relationship between holding of directors and score of awarded firms, and there is a significant positive relationship between holding of institutional investors and possibility of being named CSR awarded firms as well as scores of awarded firms. Furthermore, the study also found that the higher the holding of PCs directors, the better score of CSR, especially in terms of social participation.
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Branco, Ricardo Alfredo Teixeira da Costa. „The relationship between sovereign risk and bank risk“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/21722.
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O principal objetivo desta dissertação passa por estudar empiricamente a relação entre o risco bancário e o risco soberano. Paralelamente, e controlando por variáveis micro e macroeconómicas, estudou-se ainda o efeito causado pela crise financeira e pelo programa de compra de obrigações hipotecárias por parte do Banco Central Europeu (BCE) no spread de crédito de obrigações emitidas por bancos da europa ocidental entre 1 de Janeiro de 2000 e 31 de Dezembro de 2011. A amostra utilizada, que serviu de base para a elaboração da análise empírica, é composta por 16,860 observações, dividindo-se em três categorias de obrigações: Obrigações Hipotecárias (covered bonds) – 10.920 observações; Obrigações tradicionais (bank bonds) – 5.695 observações; e obrigações garantidas por créditos (securitization bonds) – 245 observações.
Tendo por base a análise estatística realizada, concluiu-se que a crise financeira de 2007/2008 teve um impacto substancial no aumento do risco bancário, já que os spreads praticados após o seu início aumentaram substancialmente. Concluímos também que (i) o risco soberano influencia o spread das obrigações emitidas pelos bancos , após controlar por variáveis micro e macroeconómicas; (ii) em tempos de crise financeira a relação entre o risco soberano e o risco bancário torna-se mais estreita; e (iii) este efeito verifica-se para Covered Bonds e Bank Bonds, mas não para Securitization Bonds, tendo subjacente qualquer uma das três proxies utilizadas para medir o risco soberano (Rating, Yields de obrigações e CDS). Relativamente ao risco soberano, conclui-se que os CDS são a proxy do risco soberano que influencia de forma mais significativa as obrigações emitidas pelos bancos. Conclui-se ainda que os países com melhor solidez financeira fornecem uma rede de proteção aos “seus” bancos em tempos de crise. Adicionalmente, concluiu-se que o programa de compra de obrigações hipotecárias por parte do BCE atingiu os seus objectivos primários, permitindo uma redução do custo de financiamento dos bancos. No entanto, com o início da crise da dívida soberana os seus efeitos foram-se desvanecendo. Os resultados obtidos mantêm-se mesmo quando são introduzidas variáveis contabilísticas e financeiras dos bancos nos modelos de regressão.This dissertation aims to empirically analyze the relationship between Bank Risk and Sovereign Risk. Simultaneously, and controlling for micro and macroeconomic variables, it also examine the impact of both the financial crisis and the first Covered Bond Purchase Programme launched by the European Central Bank on bank bond credit spreads. Using a sample of 16,860 bonds – 10,920 Covered Bonds; 5,695 Bank Bonds; and 245 Securitization Bonds - issued by Western European banks between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011, we found that: (i) the 2007/2008 financial crisis had a significant impact on banking risk, because it led to a rise of banks’ funding costs, as the spreads paid at time of issuance increased substantially; (ii) the sovereign risk affects the bonds spreads , after controlling micro and macroeconomic variables;(iii) specially in times of financial distress, sovereign and bank risk relationship becomes more tight. This effect affects more specifically Covered Bonds (CB) and Bank Bonds (BB), but not Securitization Bonds (SB). To measure sovereign risk, we used three proxies: Rating, Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and Government Bond Yields. We also concluded that CDS are the sovereign risk proxy that influences more significantly bond spreads; countries with better soundness provide a safety net to “their banks” in times of financial crisis; and the ECB Covered Bond Purchase Programme fulfilled their main goals leading to a decrease in credit spreads. However, with the appearance of the Sovereign Debt Crisis, the effects started to fade. For robustness tests, we used bank’s accounting and financial ratios, and the results proved to be the same.
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Liou, Bo-Hong, und 劉柏宏. „The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Credit Risk“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nvqe6q.
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碩士國立東華大學
會計與財務碩士學位學程
102
The issue of corporate social responsibility has gained more and more attention from the public. While a firm is pursuing its profit, the outside stakeholders are paying attention to its image and non-operating activities. As a result, this research aims to examine whether banks and credit rating agencies take CSR reports issued by firms into consideration and make different decisions accordingly. This study selected a sample of firms (1992 to 2012) from the Compustant database. The results show that a firm with disclosing CSR reports has a higher chance to be evaluated by credit rating agencies and such firm gets a lower cost of debt. However, it gets poorer credit rating than the one with no disclosing CSR reports. In other words, banks and credit rating agencies’ decisions are influenced by whether a firm has issued CSR reports. While CSR reports can provide additional information, the banks and credit rating agencies displayed different opinion of them.
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SHIH, PEI-YUN, und 施珮芸. „Corporate Social Responsibility and Risk Premium: The Preference of Investor“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9473ua.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理系碩士班
106
This study mainly examines whether the company participates in the level of corporate social responsibility to increase the effectiveness of investors, as well as the impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate risk. With Chinese listed company as the research object, the research period is from 2008 to 2015, and the data source chooses from The National Taian Series Research Database (CSMAR). In addition, they consider that the data may have endogenous problems, so the Generalized Method of Moment is used for empirical analysis. Furthermore, they consider the corporate structure of state-owned enterprises and the financial crisis period may bring some impacts. The empirical results of this study show corporate social responsibility has no significant relationship on the underlying risk. There is a positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and risk in Chinese state-owned enterprises. Then, the company's social responsibility is higher, and the risk will increase instantly. Corporate social responsibility can effectively reduce the company under the risk during the financial tsunami. Therefore, the empirical results and the corporate social responsibility of Godfrey’s are consistent with the concept that the company produces similar insurance effect. This study also found that in the period of state-owned enterprise structure and financial crisis, and they can increase the effectiveness of investors due to participating in corporate social responsibility companies. However, they cannot find that the higher risk will cause the more obvious effectiveness of investors. Keywords: Corporate Socia Responsibility, Investors' Utility, State-owned Enterprises, Downside Risk
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Chiu, Tzu-Feng, und 邱子鳳. „Risk Allocation and Criminal Responsibility for Semi-Autonomous Driving Systems“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5194011%22.&searchmode=basic.
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碩士國立中興大學
法律學系碩士在職專班
107
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has once again attracted worldwide attention since the United States launched the unmanned autopilot road test in 2010. Especially, when the traffic accident is under the control of the autonomous driving systems, and the autonomous driving systems is considerd as the main cause of the accident, and considering the large number of transportation on the road, it is not possible to use only civil compensation, but it is already a public domain that meets public dangers and requires criminal law. As a last resort, it is like the public danger crimes of articles 183 to 185 of the traffic criminal law. It can be understood that both administrative responsibility and civil liability can be used to compensate the damages of victims and regulate the semi-autonomous driving through explanation. But the criminal law responsibility is based on the principle that there is no crime when there is no law punishing it. In addition, the subject of the criminal law is a natural person, and the autonomous driving systems is not a natural person in the general concept, so there is a difficulty in the application of criminal law principles. Therefore, if the autonomous driving systems (artificial intelligence) has an e-person personality and refers to the criminal organizational theory to conduct the discussion of the Taiwan traffic criminal law, it is considered that articles 185 and 185-4 of the criminal law lack the negligent crime, that’s because autonomous driving systems development principle is mainly based on personal safety, so it is unlikely to have intentions. Therefore, it is difficult to identify intentional perpetrators, so we recommend that articles 185 and 185-4 of the criminal law should also revise the offender. Finally, if the automatic driving system is really a negligent perpetrator, it is now conceivable. It is the same as the criminal law of the legal person, mainly the fine punishment.
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Tung, Pei-Shan, und 董珮珊. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financing Behavior“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49253807642401251593.
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博士中原大學
商學博士學位學程
100
During the past five years, natural disasters occurred owing to global climate changed dramatically. For example, the nuclear accident following the earthquake in Japan, have raised world environmental awareness. As attention to environmental sustainability grows, numerous firms have adopted sustainability and environmental strategies as part of their social responsibility to stakeholders. Numerous studies concentrated on the relationship between company’s financial performance with corporate social responsibility (CSR). Although about 70 percent of the related studies showed a significantly positive relationship between CSR and financial performance (Dilling, 2010), there is no consensus about whether CSR leads to better corporate financial performance. This study examines the effect of CSR from another viewpoint. Based on the researches of Sharfman and Fernando (2008) and Ghoul et al. (2010), this investigation posits that companies with a socially responsible corporate policy have lower costs of capital because of greater risk management, and examines whether CSR is helpful for companies’ financing behavior during the financial crisis period since 2007 to 2009. Additionally, the adjustment speed of leverage is estimated to assess whether socially responsible companies can revert to their target leverage flexibly because of lower risk and easier access to capital markets resulting from implementing CSR. Finally, the impact of reputation for CSR on financing behavior is examined. This study also attempts to investigate the attitudes of investors toward socially responsible companies. Methodologically, this investigation uses the basic pecking order equation with the fixed effect and random effect models to examine the financing behavior of the companies in the FTSE4Good Index which includes companies emphasizing social responsibility. For comparison, the companies in gambling, weapons and tobacco industries in S&;P 500, the SINdex and the Vice Fund are also examined. Additionally, the companies in CSR Index developed by Reputation Institute and Boston College are regarded as CSR firms. This study examines whether the perception of CSR by the general public affects company’s financing behavior. The empirical results indicate that the risk management effect of social responsibility is recognized by capital markets. The issuance of equity significantly declines during the financial crisis period for S&;P 500, SINdex and Vice Fund companies. However, FTSE4Good companies significantly increases to issue equity, suggesting that investors in equity market choose socially responsible companies with sustainable policy when the market is in an extremely unstable situation with stock declining seriously. CSR indeed protects the financing capacity of firms from an abrupt stock market sell-off. Furthermore, the fastest adjustment speed of leverage also shows that financing behavior is more flexible for socially responsible firms than other companies. Although investors in equity market who demand short-term financial performance do not emphasize socially responsible companies, those in debt market intend to choose socially responsible companies with sustainability and low default risk. For the past three years, the financial crisis occurred in the Euro zone, induced by Greece’s heavily debt, seems likely to affect other areas of the world. This study finds that socially responsible companies have investors’ favor during the crisis period. For managers of companies, it is useful to invest in social responsibility activities because it can protect financing capacity for companies especially in unstable market conditions.
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Huang, Fang-Wei, und 黃芳薇. „The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60570350229285545412.
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碩士國立東華大學
會計與財務碩士學位學程
101
The issue of corporate social responsibility has become the center of attention. The firm is in the pursuit of maximizing and protecting the interests of shareholders. At the same time, the firm should also safeguard the natural environment against the pollution of poisonous waste and contribute to the society. This paper differs from past studies on the ways to measure corporate social responsibility. This study uses the number of negative information of corporate social responsibility to explore the relationships among corporate social responsibility, the board characteristics and earnings management. This paper examines firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2004 to 2012. The empirical results of this study show a positive relationship between negative corporate social responsibility and earnings management. Further, this study introduces the effect of the board characteristics, and investigates the relationships between the board characteristics and earnings management. The empirical results show that the board size has a significant positive influence on earnings management, suggesting the greater the size of the board is, the higher the discretionary accrual is. However, it is found no significant relationship between the proportion of independent directors and earnings management.