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1

Soesianawati, M. T. "Limited ductility design of reinforced concrete columns." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil Engineering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3643.

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This report describes an experimental and analytical investigation of the strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns. Four columns of square cross-section were tested under axial compression loading and cyclic lateral loading applied at mid-height which simulated seismic loading. The main variable investigated was the quantity of transverse confining steel used, which ranged between 17 to 46 percent of the NZS 3101:1982 recommended quantity for ductile detailing. The experimental results are reported in the form of lateral loaddisplacement and lateral load-curvatures hysteresis loop
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2

Lau, Tak-bun Denvid. "Flexural ductility improvement of FRP-reinforced concrete members." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38907756.

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3

Kim, SangHun Aboutaha Riyad S. "Ductility of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened reinforced concrete." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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4

Lau, Tak-bun Denvid, and 劉特斌. "Flexural ductility improvement of FRP-reinforced concrete members." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38907756.

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5

Watson, Soesianawati. "Design of reinforced concrete frames of limited ductility." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil Engineering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3745.

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An experimental programme was carried out to investigate the flexural strength and ductility. of reinforced concrete columns under simulated earthquake loading. The main variable examined was the quantity of transverse reinforcement for concrete confinement. The experimental results were described and compared with theoretical studies. It was found that to achieve adequate ductility in columns, the current New Zealand concrete design code NZS3101:1982 equations for concrete confinement need to be refined. Using design charts for ductility, which were previously derived from a theory for cyclic
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6

Azizi, Abdul R. "Modelling moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1578/.

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7

Zaina, Mazen Said Civil &amp Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Strength and ductility of fibre reinforced high strength concrete columns." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22054.

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The main structural objectives in column design are strength and ductility. For higher strength concretes these design objectives are offset by generally poor concrete ductility and early spalling of the concrete cover. When fibres are added to the concrete the post peak characteristics are enhanced, both in tension and in compression. Most of the available experimental data, on fibre reinforced concrete and fibre reinforced high strength concrete columns, suggest that an improvement in both ductility and load carrying capacity due to the inclusion of the fibres. In this thesis the ductility
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8

Davies, Paul. "Ductility and Deformability of FRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Structures." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517957.

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9

Wassouf, Mohamad. "Bond and ductility of concrete reinforced with various steel bars surface and ductility conditions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6272/.

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Reinforced concrete is a wide field for researches and studies in civil engineering subject. It is due to the fact that reinforced concrete is the most widely used material for the infrastructure in the world. Reinforced concrete consists of two main materials: reinforcing steel and concrete, each of those two materials has its own effect on the performance of the structure. In this thesis, the change in RC performance due to different steel properties and specifications will be investigated. The study focuses on the bond interaction between steel and concrete and the flexural behaviour of RC
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10

Ho, Yin Bon. "Enhancing the ductility of non-seismically designed reinforced concrete shear walls /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202006%20HO.

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11

Mostofinejad, Davood. "Ductility and moment redistribution in continuous FRP reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ26859.pdf.

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12

Zahn, Franz August. "Design of reinforced concrete bridge columns for strength and ductility." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil Engineering, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2872.

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Methods for the design of reinforced concrete bridge columns and piers for strength and ductility are considered. The investigations cover the following areas. An experimental investigation of the influence of reinforcing steel grade and amount of confining steel on the stress-strain behaviour of confined concrete is presented. The results are discussed and compared with theoretical models. Special attention is given to the possibility of fracture of the confining steel. An extensive experimental investigation into the ductile performance of a range of reinforced concrete columns is presented.
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13

Goodfellow, Roderick Gerald Charles. "Ductility of reinforced concrete flexural members constructed from high performance steel and concrete." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7645.

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14

Ozcan, Okan. "Improving Ductility And Shear Capacity Of Reinforced Concrete Columns With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611292/index.pdf.

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The performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns during recent earthquakes has clearly demonstrated the possible failures associated with inadequate confining reinforcement. The confinement reinforcement requirements of older codes were less stringent than present standards. Many studies were conducted by applying different retrofitting techniques for RC columns that have inadequate confinement reinforcement. A new retrofitting technique by means of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was developed and tested in many countries in the last decade. This technique is performed by CFRP wrapp
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15

Adwan, Osama K. "Engineering properties and structural behaviour of high strength reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360744.

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16

Islam, Md Shahidul. "Shear capacity and flexural ductility of reinforced high- and normal-strength concrete beams." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1766536X.

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17

Gravina, Rebecca Jane. "Non-linear overload behaviour and ductility of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade steel reinforcement." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg777.pdf.

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Includes corrigenda (inserted at front) and list of publications published as a result of this research. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199) Investigates the overload behaviour and modes of collapse of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade reinforcing steel and evaluates the adequacy of current ductility requirements for design according to AS 3600 to ensure strength and safety.
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18

Denton, Stephen Richard. "The strength of reinforced concrete slabs and the implications of limited ductility." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274164.

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19

Shwani, Mohamed K. "Enhancing Ductility of One-way Concrete Slabs Reinforced With Welded Wire Reinforcement." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6894.

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A series of research studies have recently identified an issue called strain localization in welded wire reinforced (WWR) members. This phenomenon reportedly concentrates strains at welded cross wire locations and severely limit ductility. Those that identified the phenomenon used it to imply that WWR is unsafe because it does not warn of failure. This dissertation is investigating details to mitigate the strain localization effect and demonstrate the WWR can be used safely. A moment curvature analysis is developed using Response2000 program and calibrated using experimental data. Parametric s
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20

Islam, Mohammad M. "Moment redistribution in reinforced concrete beams and one-way slabs using 500 MPa steel." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/631.

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In the Australian Standard, AS 3600-2001, the neutral axis parameter Ku is used as a convenient, but approximate, parameter to design for moment redistribution in building frames. The research work reported herein was conducted to obtain complete information regarding moment redistribution of beams and one-way slabs using 500 MPa steel reinforcement.A computer based iterative numerical method was developed to analyse reinforced two-span continuous concrete beams and one-way slabs. The method takes into account the material and geometrical non-linearities in the calculations. The deflected shap
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21

Lyon, Jeffrey G. "FRP CONFINED REINFORCED CONCRETE CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION SEISMIC APPLICATIONS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/149.

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In recent earthquakes, structures have not performed as well as expected resulting in a need for better means of retrofitting and improvements in seismic design. Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP), as a material with potential to increase strength and ductility of columns in conjunction with capacity design methodology, has promise for seismic design. By investigating the displacement, ductility, and flexural strength properties of FRP confined reinforced concrete circular cross sections, this study analyzes the seismic applications of FRP confinement. The study is performed by incorporating an FRP c
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22

Chau, Siu-lee. "Effects of confinement and small axial load on flexural ductility of high-strength reinforced concrete beams." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31997661.

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23

Chen, Mantai, and 陈满泰. "Combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength on flexural strength and ductility design of RC beams and columns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206429.

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The stress-strain relationship of concrete in flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. An overview of previous research studies revealed that the presence of strain gradient would affect the maximum concrete stress and respective strain developed in flexure. Previously, researchers have conducted experimental studies to investigate and quantify the strain gradient effect on maximum concrete stress and respective strain by developing two strain-gradient-dependent factors k3 and ko for modifying the flexu
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24

Chau, Siu-lee, and 周小梨. "Effects of confinement and small axial load on flexural ductility of high-strength reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31997661.

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25

Yosefani, Anas. "Flexural Strength, Ductility, and Serviceability of Beams that Contain High-Strength Steel Reinforcement and High-Grade Concrete." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4402.

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Utilizing the higher capacity steel in design can provide additional advantages to the concrete construction industry including a reduction of congestion, improved concrete placement, reduction in the required reinforcement and cross sections which would lead to savings in materials, shipping, and placement costs. Using high-strength reinforcement is expected to impact the design provisions of ACI 318 code and other related codes. The Applied Technology Council (ATC-115) report "Roadmap for the Use of High-Strength Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Design" has identified key design issues t
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26

Plumb, Alex David. "Seismic Behavior of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams and Moment Frames." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures has grown in frequency within the past thirty years, owing mainly to the material’s resistance to corrosion. This development is prevalent in coastal regions where the chemical attack from seawater can weaken steel reinforcement, the traditional reinforcing material in concrete. However, a large obstacle remains in replacing all steel reinforcement with FRP reinforcement in these areas: coastal regions are some of the most seismically active areas in the world. Research on FRP bars shows they behav
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27

Abdulkadir, Ramzi I. "Strength and ductility of concrete columns reinforced with welded wire fabric and/or rebars." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6020.

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Research was carried out to investigate the characteristics of concrete confined by welded wire fabric. The column reinforcement consisted of only welded wire fabric, without the use of any reinforcing bars. The increase in confinement was relatively small. The ductility enhancement was also limited. It was concluded that, unless special size welded wire fabric was used to have adequate percentage of steel, the standard size mesh was not suitable for use as column reinforcement. The test results were compared against analytical predictions obtained from the use of Saatcioglu and Razvi model fo
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28

Carlin, Brian Patrick. "Investigation of the Strength and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthed with CFRP Laminates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36546.

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The use of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) in repairing and strengthening bridges has been researched in recent years. In particular, attaching unidirectional FRP to the tension face of reinforced concrete beams has provided an increase in stiffness and load capacity of the structure. However, due to the brittle nature of the unidirectional FRP, the ductility of the beam decreases. One possible solution to this problem is the use of cross-ply or off-axis FRP laminates. This thesis focuses on the investigation of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with one of tw
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29

Mohammed, Mohammed Gaber Elshamandy. "GFRP-reinforced concrete columns under simulated seismic loading." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10242.

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Abstract : Steel and fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) materials have different mechanical and physical characteristics. High corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, non-conductivity, favorable fatigue enable the FRP to be considered as alternative reinforcement for structures in harsh environment. Meanwhile, FRP bars have low modulus of elasticity and linear-elastic stress-strain curve. These features raise concerns about the applicability of using such materials as reinforcement for structures prone to earthquakes. The main demand for the structural members in structures subjected
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30

Islam, Mohammad M. "Moment redistribution in reinforced concrete beams and one-way slabs using 500 MPa steel." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13212.

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In the Australian Standard, AS 3600-2001, the neutral axis parameter Ku is used as a convenient, but approximate, parameter to design for moment redistribution in building frames. The research work reported herein was conducted to obtain complete information regarding moment redistribution of beams and one-way slabs using 500 MPa steel reinforcement.A computer based iterative numerical method was developed to analyse reinforced two-span continuous concrete beams and one-way slabs. The method takes into account the material and geometrical non-linearities in the calculations. The deflected shap
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31

Tanaka, Hitoshi. "Effect of lateral confining reinforcement on the ductile behaviour of reinforced concrete columns." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1241.

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This thesis is concerned with the effects of lateral confining reinforcement on the ductile behaviour of reinforced concrete columns. The contents of the chapters are summarized as follows. In Chapter one, the general problems in seismic design are discussed and earthquake design methods based on the ductile design approach are described. Japanese, New Zealand and United States design codes are compared. Finally, the scope of this research project is outlined. In Chapter two, after reviewing previous research on confined concrete, the factors which affect the effectiveness of lateral confineme
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32

Peng, Jun, and 彭军. "Strain gradient effects on flexural strength and ductility design of normal-strength RC beams and columns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48329630.

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The stress-strain characteristics of concrete developed in flexure is very important for flexural strength design of reinforced concrete (RC) members. In current RC design codes, the stress-strain curve of concrete developed in flexure is obtained by scaling down the uni-axial stress-strain curve to account for the strain gradient effect. Therefore, the maximum concrete stress that can be developed under flexure is smaller than its uni-axial strength, and the use of which always underestimates the flexural strength of RC beams and columns even though the safety factors for materials are taken
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33

Neela, Subhashini. "Flexural Behavior of Basalt FRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Members With and Without Polypropylene Fiber." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1291084015.

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34

Araba, Almahdi M. A. A. "Behaviour of continuous concrete beams reinforced with hybrid GFRP/steel bars." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16920.

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35

MACHADO, MARCELIA GOMES. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DUCTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED IN FLEXURE WITH CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5867@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Este trabalho experimental tem como objetivo estudar a ductilidade de vigas retangulares de concreto armado reforçadas à flexão utilizando compósitos com tecido de fibras de carbono. No estudo realizado são apresentados os conceitos clássicos de ductilidade e é proposta uma nova sistemática para obtenção do índice de ductilidade, baseada nas considerações da energia elástica e da energia inelástica. A ductilidade é determinada por meio de um índice energético, que se caracteriza como uma forma mais eficiente para a determ
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36

Pichardo, C., C. Pichardo, W. Tovar, and V. I. Fernandez-Davila. "Evaluation of the curvature ductility ratio of a circular cross-section of concrete reinforced with GFRP bars." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651796.

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The present study deals with the use of fiberglass reinforced polymer bars (GFRP) as a replacement for the common steel of a reinforced concrete circular pile, in order to avoid the corrosion of durability of reinforcing bars and thus improve them. The comparative analysis was carried out between a pile reinforced with GFRP and another with steel, where the ductility was evaluated by obtaining moment-curvature diagram. As a result, said idealized moment-curvature diagrams and ductility indices are presented, concluding the ductility of the section reinforced with GFRP in 20% more than that of
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37

Bliuc, Radu Aerospace Civil &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Particularities of the structural behaviour of reinforced high strength concrete slabs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38749.

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The introduction of high strength concrete in construction demanded an assessment of the current methods of structural design. In the case of the slabs, the benefits brought about by concretes of higher strength could translate into design of slender sections. Theoretically these sections could be prone to excessive deflections. The flexural behaviour of such structural elements should be carefully assessed. The present thesis addresses a series of particular issues such as deflection at service loads, crack formation and development of tension stiffening and ductility. An experimental progra
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38

Adhikari, Sudeep. "Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Mini-Bar Reinforced Concrete Beams." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1386682169.

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39

Eilers, Michael G. Thiagarajan Ganesh. "Ductility behavior of concrete flexural members reinforced with a hybrid combination of GFRP and mild steel." Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.<br>"A thesis in civil engineering." Typescript. Advisor: Ganesh Thiagarajan. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Oct. 30, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-71). Online version of the print edition.
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40

Ali, Mir Mazher Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "A new concept in achieving ductility in FRP reinforced concrete members; an analytical and experimental study." Ottawa, 1995.

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41

Mohamed, Nayera Ahmed Abdel-Raheem. "Strength and drift capacity of GFRP-reinforced concrete shear walls." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6136.

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With the rise in constructing using FRP reinforcement, owing to corrosion problems in steel-reinforced structures, there is a need for a system to resist lateral loads induced from wind and earthquake loads. The present study addressed the applicability of reinforced-concrete shear walls totally reinforced with glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to attain reasonable strength and drift requirements as specified in different codes. Four large-scale shear walls - one reinforced with steel bars (as reference specimen) and three totally reinforced with GFRP bars - were constructed and teste
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42

Broms, Carl Erik. "Concrete flat slabs and footings : Design method for punching and detailing for ductility." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Brobyggnad inkl stålbyggnad, 2005. http://innopac.lib.kth.se/search/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm, Sweden), 2005.<br>"ISRN KTH/BKN/B-80-SE." "Dept. of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Division of Structural Design and Bridges, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. " Includes bibliographical references. Available from the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Library as a .pdf document http://www.lib.kth.se/main/eng/
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Bower, Owen J. "Analytical Investigation into the Effect of Axial Restraint on the Stiffness and Ductility of Diagonally Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211065883.

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44

Tann, David Bohua. "Retrofitting of mechanically degraded concrete structures using fibre reinforced polymer composites." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/retrofitting-of-mechanically-degraded-concrete-structures-using-fibre-reinforced-polymer-composites(efce1110-34e1-457d-8ec5-3ef5da026018).html.

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This research involves the study of the short term loaded behaviour of mechanically degraded reinforced concrete (RC) flexural elements, which are strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The two main objectives have been: (a) to conduct a series of realistic tests, the results of which would be used to establish the design criteria, and (b) to carry out analytical modelling and hence develop a set of suitable design equations. It is expected that this work will contribute towards the establishment of definitive design guidelines for the strengthening of reinforced concrete
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45

Osorio, Gomez Laura Isabel. "Behavior of synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete circular columns under cyclic flexure and constant axial load." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1435.

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La ductilité et la capacité à dissiper de l'énergie sont deux qualités très importantes pour les éléments structuraux des structures situées dans les régions sismiques comme l'est du Canada. Soulignons que Montréal occupe la deuxieme place en ce qui a trait au risque sismique au Canada. De plus, la réduction des coûts de maintenance des infrastructures est un sujet d'intérêt pour les propriétaries alors que ces derniers doivent en tout temps garantir la sécurité des usagers. Or, le béton renforcé avec des fibres synthétiques semble être un matériau qui remplit ces caractéristiques. Pourtant, s
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46

Galin, Sanja. "Selection and Scaling of Seismic Excitations for Time-History Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20657.

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Time history-analyses of building structures have been used for a quite long time for research at universities. Considering the advantage of time-history analysis relative to the equivalent static force method, the National Building of Canada and other modern building codes around the world require the use of time-history analysis in the design of specified types of buildings located in seismic regions. One of the main issues in the use of time-history analysis is related to the selection and scaling of the seismic excitations (i.e., accelerograms) to be compatible with the design spectrum for
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47

Peña-Ramos, Carlos Enrique. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Response of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Under Spatially Varying Seismic Ground Motions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/217064.

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A new methodology is proposed to perform nonlinear time domain analysis on three-dimensional reinforced concrete bridge structures subjected to spatially varying seismic ground motions. A stochastic algorithm is implemented to generate unique and correlated time history records under each bridge support to model the spatial variability effects of seismic wave components traveling in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the bridge. Three-dimensional finite element models of highway bridges with variable geometry are considered where the nonlinear response is concentrated at bidirectiona
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48

Yilmaz, Taner. "Seismic Response Of Multi-span Highway Bridges With Two-column Reinforced Concrete Bents Including Foundation And Column Flexibility." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610191/index.pdf.

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Seismic design of highway bridges has improved as a result of the experience gained from large earthquakes of the last thirty years. Ductility demand and reserved capacity are extremely important response measures used in new bridge designs to assess target damage levels. However, the application of practical design approaches specified in bridge design codes is not well-defined for bridges over flexible foundations. Within the scope of this research, thirty two bridge models having varying column aspect ratio, amount of column longitudinal reinforcement and foundation flexibility parameters a
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49

Hinzen, Marcus, and Wolfgang Brameshuber. "Improvement of Serviceability and Strength of Textile Reinforced Concrete by using Short Fibres." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244046356375-03273.

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Nowadays, thin-walled load bearing structures can be realised using textile reinforced concrete (BRAMESHUBER and RILEM TC 201-TRC [1]). The required tensile strength is achieved by embedding several layers of textile. By means of the laminating technique the number of textile layers that can be included into the concrete could be increased. To further increase the first crack stress and the ductility as well as to optimize the crack development, fine grained concrete mixes with short fibres can be used. By a schematic stress-strain curve the demands on short fibres are defined. Within the scop
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50

Tuken, Ahmet. "Quantifying Seismic Design Criteria For Concrete Buildings." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604907/index.pdf.

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The amount of total and relative sway of a framed or a composite (frame-shear wall) building is of utmost importance in assessing the seismic resistance of the building. Therefore, the design engineer must calculate the sway profile of the building several times during the design process. However, it is not a simple task to calculate the sway of a three-dimensional structure. Of course, computer programs can do the job, but developing the three-dimensional model becomes necessary, which is obviously tedious and time consuming. An easy to apply analytical method is developed, which enables th
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