Dissertationen zum Thema „Regenerative Businesses“

Background: The importance of sustainability is growing; however, the mindset of many businesses remains in the profit-driven take-make-waste economy, aiming for limitless growth. Humanity cannot continue with business-as-usual, and a paradigm shift must occur to ensure a future for the planet. SMEs represent 99% of the businesses in the EU, and to ensure a safer tomorrow for all, they need to evolve to reach sustainable development and capture the opportunities of regenerative strategies. Nevertheless, regenerative business practices are not widely appropriated in practice. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to explore the phenomenon of regenerative businesses on SME level through the perspective of Swedish sustainability consultants. The authors aim to gain an understanding of the transformation processes in order to investigate if SMEs can reach a regenerative stage and, if so, how? Method: The study was conducted with an inductive qualitative approach under the interpretivism paradigm, and a multiple case study approach was chosen to best capture the phenomenon. The primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with sustainability consultants from various SMEs in Sweden, and a thematic data analysis was conducted to interpret the empirical findings to relate them to the theories presented. Conclusion: The findings pointed to eight factors that enable and restrict SMEs in transitioning to a regenerative phase. Internally, SMEs are impacted in their transition by the mindset, values, sustainability awareness, strategy and communication, and the organizational structure of the business. In addition, the main external factors influencing the transition are the ambiguity regarding the sustainability concept and pressure from various stakeholders. The findings also highlighted the interconnectedness of the factors and the importance of a paradigm shift to whole systems thinking.

Background: Climate change has become the most pressing challenge of our time. Current business approaches to sustainability are instrumental that may portray sustainability as a source of corporate profit rather than acting for change beyond mitigation and adaptation. A regenerative approach to sustainability challenges current practices and aims to create and strengthen environmental and social well-being. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of how change agents can be a part of a regenerative sustainability transition. This is done by investigating the attitudes of change agents to such a transition. The aim is to contribute to theoretical and practical implications of organizational change theory, addressing the phenomena of organizational regenerative sustainability. Method: The paradigm of this study is of critical realist nature with an exploratory research design. An abductive model inspired the research approach, and semi-structured interviews were performed to collect primary data. A thematic analysis was then performed to draw conclusions from this study. Results: The analysis uncovered both welcoming and reluctant attitudes toward a regenerative transition. The welcoming attitudes were inherently more optimistic toward a regenerative transition, whereas change agents with reluctant attitudes identified more challenges and barriers for implementing a regenerative transition simultaneously as their perspectives were more business-centered. When weighing the evidence, it appears that the welcoming attitudes are relatively more likely to have a positive impact on implementing regenerative change as well as succeed with the initiation.

Bakgrund: Forskning och beslutsfattande organ menar att en del i att minska klimatpåverkan är cirkulär ekonomi. Tidigare forskning saknar i viss mån ett affärsmässigt perspektiv på industriell symbios och regenerativa affärsmodeller. Kunskapsluckan i forskningen gör det intressant att konceptualisera affärsmodeller för verksamheter som jobbar på miljömässigt hållbara vis. Utifrån konceptualiseringen kan man identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter. Samhället och industrin har, med hjälp av forskning och uppsatsens konceptualisering, möjlighet att agera utifrån tidens förutsättningar för att främja en hållbar utveckling. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera verksamheter som skapar värde genom regenerativa affärsmodeller. Uppsatsen ämnar identifiera utmaningar för denna typ av affärsmodell. Slutligen är målet att ge en bild av hur dessa affärsmodeller kan utvecklas för att ta sig an utmaningarna som finns för att möjliggöra lönsamhet och tillväxt för att skapa mer cirkularitet i ekonomin. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär med induktiv forskningsdesign. Uppsatsen har en flerfallsstudiedesign. Empiriska data är insamlad från semistrukturerade intervjuer från verksamheter vars affärsmodeller kan beskrivas som regenerativa.   Slutsats: Studien visar att de regenerativa verksamheterna främjar hållbar utveckling genom att på olika sätt bidra till minskad användning av jungfruliga resurser. Det framgår i studien att företag med regenerativa affärsmodeller kan erbjuda ett värde i form av att kunder och partnerföretag kan kommunicera en hållbar profil. Viktiga utmaningar är lagstiftning, kommunikation av värdeerbjudande och platsspecifika restströmmar. Viktiga möjligheter är nya mått för hållbarhet, innovation och framför allt samhällsopinionens drivkraft för en mer cirkulär ekonomi.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to certain writers urban regeneration as an idea encapsulates both the perception of city decline (in local economies, in the use of land and buildings, in the equality of the environment and social life) and the hope of renewal, reversing trends in order to find a new basis for economic growth and social wellbeing. Rebuilding the city, clearing away obsolete buildings and vacant sites, and producing new building forms and designs symbolised the renewal in action. But urban regeneration also has different components or evolution criteria like, the major strategy (the focus of the renewal project), an economic focus, a social content, a physical emphasis or an environmental approach. The economic change that occurred in cities throughout the world in the past decade, has been paralleled not only by the physical reshaping of the city, but it has been accompanied by institutional restructuring (the rise of new firms, new working practices and relationships designed to exploit new market opportunities). The physical, economic, social and cultural projects launched through the process of urban regeneration, reconstruct the economic, socio-cultural, political-institutional and physicalenvironmental fabric of cities. It battles urban decay and redevelop the city to such a extend that it brings back the original appeal of the city, which lured people to the central city for decades. But not all urban renewal projects are aimed at the inner city; some are launched in a much wider context and would focus on blighted or previously disadvantaged and marginalised areas. Renewal projects in Cape Town and elsewhere in South Africa in cities like Durban and Johannesburg are still ongoing and form an important part of rebuilding cities of modem South Africa. It is however important to remember that not all urban renewal projects proved to be a success, some do fail. In the Cape Town Metropole and the Central City local government has neglected many areas for much too long. Recent efforts to restore the beauty of Cape Town and really address the urban challenges that arose from the Apartheid legacy shows a commitment from the Cape Town Municipality to create a much more liveable and economic viable urban environment. This study investigated the City of Cape Town Municipality's approach towards urban regeneration in the Central Business District and other specific business nodes. A literature review gave an intellectual background to the study and helped to build a logical framework. Secondary analysis helped define the goal of the study and qualitative field research assisted the investigation through direct observation and semi-structured interviewing. The study did not aim to prove that every urban renewal project that was launched was aimed at eradicating the problems associated with the Apartheid City. An important factor to take in account is that different business areas (The Victoria and Alfred Waterfront) and nodes (The Wetton-Landsdowne Phillipi Corridor), the focus of this study, make use of different redevelopment strategies. This study focused on how and why some work and must be built upon, and delivered critique on why some failed and should convert to a more successful renewal approach. The study concluded that the City of Cape Town's approach towards urban regeneration do compare positively with redevelopment strategies followed in other parts of the world such as America and Britain. The study tried to show the direction urban regeneration could take for the future, based on an evaluation of urban regeneration evolution criteria namely: • The major strategy and orientation and key actors and stakeholders. • The economic focus. • The social content. • The physical emphasis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stedelike vernuwmg omvat beide die konsep stedelike verval (met betrekking tot plaaslike ekonomieë, die fisiese gebruik van grond en gebou en wat betref die kwaliteit van die omgewing) en die hoop van vernuwing of herontwikkeling, met die idee om die rigting van strategie te verander sodat 'n nuwe basis vir ekonomiese groei en sosiale welstand gevind kan word. Die herontwikkeling of opbou van die stad beteken nie net die verwydering van nuttelose en ongebruikte geboue en vakante grond nie. Stedelike hernuwing het verskeie komponenete of evolusie kriteria, soos die hoof strategie (die fokus van die hernuwingsprogram), 'n ekonomiese fokus, 'n sosiale inhoud, 'n fisiese klem of 'n omgewingsbenadering. Die ekonomiese verandering wat oor die laaste dekade in die wêreld plaasgevind het is vergesel nie net deur 'n fisiese herstrukturering van die wêreld se hoof stede nie, maar ook institusionele hervorming (die opkoms van nuwe firmas en venootskappe en nuwe ekonomiese en mark geleenthede) Die fisiese, ekonomiese sosiale en kulturele komponente wat deel vorm van stedelike hernuwingstrategieë dra by tot die heropbou en herontwikkeling van die ekonomiese, sosiokulturele, polities-institusioneel en fisiese-omgewingsfabrikaat van stede. Stedelike verval word beveg en die stad word tot so 'n mate herontwikkel dat dit die oorspronklike aantrekkingskrag van die stad herstel. Maar nie alle hernuwingstrategieë is gemik op die Sentrale Sakekern nie, sommige word in 'n wyer konteks geloods, en fokus op areas van verval, vorige benadeelde en gemarginaliseerde areas met as doelwit 'n meer interkonnektiewe stad. Hernuwingsprojekte word steeds op 'n konstante basis geloods in stede soos Kaapstad, Durban en Johannesburg met die oog op die belangrike herontwikkeling van kern areas in die stede. Dit is egter belangrik om in ag te neem dat nie elke stedelike hernuwingsprojek 'n seker sukses is nie, soos die Wetton-Landsdowne Phillipi Korridor Program. Binne die Kaapse Metropool en in die Sentrale Sakekern is kern areas vir lang tye verontagsaam en toegelaat om te verval. Die onlangse pogings (1999 - 2002) wat aangewend word deur die Kaapstad Munisipaliteit dui op 'n verbintenis van die organisasie se kant aftot stedelike hernuwing. Die organisasie, deur middel van die Stedelike Hernuwingsprogram van 2002, is ook verbind tot areas wat voorheen deur Apartheidsbeleid benadeel en gemarginaliseer is. Hierdie studie fokus op Kaapstad se benadering tot stedelike hernuwing in die Sentrale Sakekern en ander spesifieke besigheidsnodusse. 'n Literêre oorsig het gehelp om die intellektuele agtergrondmateriaal en logiese raamwerk van die studie te vorm. Sekondêre analise het die doel Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za van die studie bepaal en kwalitatiewe veldwerk het die ondersoek aangehelp deur observasie en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die studie sal nie probeer bewys dat elke hernuwingsprojek wat deur die Kaapstad Munisipaliteit geloods word gemik is op die uitwis van stedelike probleme geassosieer met die Apartheidsbeleid nie. Die evaluasie aan die einde van die studie poog om dit uit te wys. Dit is belangrik om te beklemtoon dat elke verskillende area wat die potensiaal toon vir herontwikkeling soos die Victoria en Alfred Waterfront of die Wetton-Landsdowne Phillipi Korridor (die fokus van die studie) volg verskillende strategieë ten einde hul hernuwingsdoelwit te bereik (ekonomiese ontwikkeling, sosiale fokus of omgewingsbeklemtoning). Die studie het wel die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat van Kaapstad se stedelike hernuwingstrategieë tog ooreenstem met herontwikkelingstrategieë in die res van die wêreld soos in Amerika en Brittanje. Die studie fokus en poog ook om die rigting aan te dui vir toekomstige stedelike hernuwingstrategieë op grond van 'n evaluering van stedelike hernuwingsevolusie kriteria naamlik: • Die hoofstrategie en rolspelers. • Die ekonomiese fokus. • Die sosiale inhoud en • Die fisiese beklemtoning van hernuwingselemente.

Research purpose: As a by-product in the development of the Quality Management Systems, self-organized� working groups were introduced and became a common practice in management. In the last ten years some authors – influenced by the developments in the study of Complex Systems – have reintroduced the� self-organization concept as being the future of management. In this approach, the description of the mechanism driving this process has been explored to provide a method to facilitate the emergence of viable organisational structures and to support such organizational behaviour. This topic becomes more relevant in the present times when the community development is more locally oriented and the communities are being empowered to become more autonomous in the definition of the means and results they want to improve their quality of live. It is within this context that in order to facilitate self-organization processes – in a rural community engaged in a independent regeneration program –this research suggest the use of a model inspired in both� cybernetics and the self-organization in a biological system. Methods: This thesis details the development of a three loops framework aimed to facilitate the self-organizing� behaviour through the use of a Visualization - Planning - Reflective toolset (V-P Toolset). The framework was deployed within a case study organization (The XOOP) using an interpretivist philosophy of constructionism to� guide the research. During its execution the researcher acted as both an observer and participant of the� organisational change. Within the context of an action research project, the framework followed a� multimethodology design where cybernetic and social tools of organizational analysis such as the Viable� System Model (VSM), Narrative and Story-telling analysis and Social Network Analysis (SNA) provided a unique approach to the facilitation of self-organization and the mergence of viable organizational structures.�Results: The VSM and the SNA were used to diagnose the organizational structure. The information provided by these tools was then contextualized within the Narrative and Story-telling analysis, identifying critical events in the evolution of the organization. This combination of tools provided insights about the self-organizing behaviour of the organization and the mechanism that facilitated (or impeded) the emergence of viable organizational structures throughout the evolution of the observed community.Conclusions: The introduction of a common language to describe the organization facilitated the endogenous creation of a shared mental model of the community. This representation of the organization made more efficient the exchange of information, the coordination of activities and the autonomous operation of the different working groups. Thus, the iterative loops of the V-P contributed to made this process more efficient and provided evidence about the convenience of the integration of the VSM with the SNA as organizational diagnostic tools.

Challenges faced today in the truck industry indicate a need for transformation in truck manufacturers’ business logic. First, current business models are based on the sales of new vehicles so truck manufacturers fail to capture substantial financial benefits from servicing the installed base. Second, the truck market is prone to regional market cycles, which necessitates truck manufacturers to find solutions to stabilize their revenues. Moreover, environmental legislation and social pressures encourage truck manufacturers to look for solutions to preserve natural resources and enhance social welfare. To address these challenges, this study examines a regenerative result-oriented product-service (RROPS) business model, which combines a result-oriented product-service system and a closed-loop supply chain. By adopting a RROPS business model, truck manufacturers can earn regular sources of revenues, because demand for services is counter-cyclical, while improving their environmental and social performance. Hence, the goal of this study is to establish how to generate sustainable value for truck manufacturers. The study follows a multiple methods research design and collects data from truck manufacturers and logistics firms. Based on relevant literature and findings from a case study of a truck manufacturer, this work operationalizes eight building blocks of a RROPS business model, using the Business Model Canvas as framework of reference. China, the world’s largest national truck market by volume, is chosen as context for the study because truck manufacturers in China face economic, social and environmental challenges (e.g low profitability, no value capture from used trucks) that a RROPS business model could help addressing. Referring to the resource-based view and the social exchange theory, two conceptual frameworks are developed to determine mechanisms of sustainable value generation. Research hypotheses are tested with a sample of 180 survey responses collected from 22 truck manufacturers. Qualitative and quantitative survey data from logistics firms are also collected to conduct a comparative analysis between truck manufacturers' and logistics firms' perspectives with respect to market-related building blocks of a RROPS business model. The resulting contributions to knowledge are threefold. First, this study adds to existing literature on sustainable business models by offering a comprehensive analysis of a RROPS business model from a triple bottom line perspective. Second, this work extends the resource-based view and the social exchange theory by identifying and testing how business model elements of a RROPS business model contribute to the generation of sustainable value for truck manufacturers. Finally, this study establishes individual and combined mediating effects of three business model elements and shows that RROPS key partners contribute the most to explain the variance in RROPS gains, followed by RROPS key resources and RROPS internal risk management. With respect to managerial implications, this research demonstrates the relevance of a business model approach and establishes key characteristics of building blocks in a RROPS business model as well as the interdependencies between these business model elements. Truck manufacturers should pay particular attention to grow relational exchanges with their business partners and develop firm's internal strategic assets such as information and communication technologies and internal risk management practices. Furthermore, outcomes of the comparative analysis highlight that truck manufacturers should make more efforts to comprehend truck owners’ business environments. In China, a RROPS business model appears as a suitable solution to comply with the triple bottom lines of sustainability in the truck sector, but changes in customer habits and Chinese legislations are required to promote this new business logic.

This research concerns the development of coordination and co-governance within three different regeneration programmes within one Midlands city over the period from 1999 to 2002. The New Labour government, in office since 1997, had an agenda for ‘joining-up’ government, part of which has had considerable impact in the area of regeneration policy. Joining-up government encompasses a set of related activities which can include the coordination of policy-making and service delivery. In regeneration, it also includes a commitment to operate through co-governance. Central government and local and regional organisations have sought to put this idea into practice by using what may be referred to as network management processes. Many characteristics of new policies are designed to address the management of networks. Network management is not new in this area, it has developed at least since the early 1990s with the City Challenge and Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) programmes as a way of encouraging more inclusive and effective regeneration interventions. Network management theory suggests that better management can improve decision-making outcomes in complex networks. The theories and concepts are utilised in three case studies as a way of understanding how and why regeneration attempts demonstrate real advances in inter-organisational working at certain times whilst faltering at others. Current cases are compared to the historical case of the original SRB programme as a method of assessing change. The findings suggest that: * The use of network management can be identified at all levels of governance. As previous literature has highlighted, central government is the most important actor regarding network structuring. However, it can be argued that network structuring and game management are both practised by central and local actors; * Furthermore, all three of the theoretical perspectives within network management (Instrumental, Institutional and Interactive), have been identified within UK regeneration networks. All may have a role to play with no single perspective likely to succeed on its own. Therefore, all could make an important contribution to the understanding of how groups can be brought together to work jointly; * The findings support Klijn’s (1997) assertion that the institutional perspective is dominant for understanding network management processes; * Instrumentalism continues on all sides, as the acquisition of resources remains the major driver for partnership activity; * The level of interaction appears to be low despite the intentions for interactive decision-making; * Overall, network management remains partial. Little attention is paid to the issues of accountability or to the institutional structures which can prevent networks from implementing the policies designed by central government, and/or the regional tier.

This thesis deals with the issue of establishing a real and competitive business in the field of not only psychic but also physical health. The foundation of the project is a well-designed business plan. The business will deal with regenerative and nutritional activities through all kinds of exercise, massage, physiotherapy and nutrition counselling, and will serve sportsmen as well as the general public. In the thesis were used well-known analyses such as Porter's Five-Strength ůnalysis, PEST ůnalysis, SWOT ůnalysis and Qualitative Research Survey. The aim of this thesis was to create a business plan that would be competitive and offer services that people are interested in.

Questo progetto di tesi si occupa della riqualificazione di un comparto di edilizia sociale compreso all’interno del quartiere di Brooklyn. L’area insiste a sud sulla sponda del East River con un consistente impianto portuale dismesso nel tempo in favore di collegamenti marittimi che permettono di accedere all’area di Brooklyn in questione, producendo un’intensificazione dell’interesse immobiliare nei confronti di questa zona che invece nasce per sua vocazione con un profilo estremamente popolare. La riqualificazione segue un approccio tipicamente americano fortemente orientato ad incoraggiare l’ingresso di capitali privati per finanziare l’intera operazione di rigenerazione. È stato quindi redatto un business plan con l’ipotesi dei costi di costruzione. Il volume di addizione in copertura è pertanto funzionale al raggiungimento della sostenibilità economica dell'intervento mettendo a mercato nuovi alloggi. Il progetto di rigenerazione che la tesi intende mettere in campo trae anche le proprie basi da una riflessione che la città di New York sta mettendo in atto circa la resilienza delle proprie strutture, infrastrutture e tessuto urbano nei confronti di eventi estremi effetto dei cambiamenti climatici. Onde evitare l’allagamento e l’indisponibilità energetica, il progetto assume delle misure essenziali che vengono sperimentate in un’area campione all’interno del comparto, che essendo vasto ma modularmente ripetuto, consente di testare varie soluzioni che possono essere replicate nel comparto stesso e successivamente anche in altre porzioni della città. Nella logica di individuare una metodica che possa rappresentare un pilota per qualità dei risultati conseguibili e tracciabilità delle azioni che producono gli impatti desiderati, il progetto decide di adeguare la propria metrica di valutazione dei risultati a quella proposta dal LEED, per l’attribuzione di un punteggio secondo alcuni parametri per valutare la sostenibilità dell’intervento.

During the last century business strategy has been the focus point for many corporations. Industry has grown exponentially and competition has evolved from traditional to nonconventional boundaries. In this age of high technological advances, globalisation and boarder-less markets, the 5 Forces acting on firms within an industry as best explained by Michael Porter, can threaten the livelihood and survival of a business unless they are carefully managed and pre-empted actions are taken. The subject on the what-to-do part of the strategy has been exhausted by many writers, strategists and business consultants. What organisations have realised over the years is that not only is it important to choose a winning strategy, but the manner in which the strategy is implemented is crucially important. A third dimension essential to the successful implementation of a strategy is the ongoing nature and renewal cycles necessary to run the strategy planning process successfully. Business theorists have commonly cited the fact that successful strategies are iv ongomg m nature and need to be regenerated on a continual basis. This is a time-consuming and expensive exercise and has led some organisations to sticking to the orthodox 'start-stop' 5yearly strategy planning processes. This research dissertation presupposes the fact that if strategy is executed in a continual regeneration principle, the organisation gains the ability to respond timeously with fresh strategies as the dictated by the environment. PPC Cement, a premium cement manufacturer and distributor, is also facing the need to streamline its resources towards successful strategy implementation and has a vested interest in unlocking the mystery surrounding the ongoing nature of business strategy. This research dissertation sets the tone m supplying valuable information necessary to companies like PPC Cement m order to make informed decision on whether on not to pursue continual business strategy regeneration, and most importantly - how to?
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

碩士
國立高雄大學
都市發展與建築研究所
96
Taiwan's "Urban Renewal Regulations" was announced in November 11, 1998. And the government of Kaohsiung for the implementation of urban renewal has also formulated relevant laws and regulations about "Urban Renewal Regulations". But now has performed urban renewal of Kaohsiung more are old urban areas, and the majority of public land. In the urban renewal there was not discussion about the development of business district. Thus the early development of Urbana’s commercial is too disorderly and the building coverage ratio, floor area ratio could not to be in the line with urban plan, resulting in the use of urban space were useless. In this study through urban renewal, and used of Cellular Automata to simulate the commercial use of urban space to observe the commercial changes process. In study areas, there are more than 60％ of buildings over 30 years or more, and over then 50％ land use do not fit the urban planning. The study main provided if public land involved in the implementation of the urban renewal process or not, it can be divided into two kinds of cases: 1. before urban renewal the evolution of the commercial areas. 2. the public land involved in the implementation of urban renewal, the commercial style change process. Through the two ways to discus if implement urban renewal will get more space for commercial use, and make people’s of the study areas willingness to participate in urban renewal, and improve the commercial environment of the study areas. The purpose of this study is desires to make the urban space use will more effective.

This study investigates the relationship between built heritage resources in community improvement projects and social, cultural and economic integrity within their geographical boundaries. These projects are concerned specifically with initiatives that strive to boost the local economy by improving aspects the built environment. These renewal projects often focus on street beautification, individual community-based culture and visually pleasing architecture which draw pedestrians, customers, tourists and businesses. More importantly, these projects are meant to give the community the opportunity to improve their properties and as a result, improve the quality of life. This study focuses on three Business Improvement Areas in the City of Hamilton, Ontario as a case study. Hamilton’s long-standing dependence on the steel industry has created its widely-recognised identity as a blue-collar town. Hamilton’s built landscape reflects this identity with numerous industrial buildings and workers housing which dominates large sections of the inner-city and shoreline. However, the end of the 20th century marked a change from an industrial-based economy, to a knowledge and technology-based economy. This translated into a built landscape in need of renewal and improvement in order to accommodate new use. Some parts of Hamilton are currently feeling the effects of urban decline, where vacancy and poorly maintained urban areas are forming a cyclical relationship between social problems, such as crime and poverty (Milgrim, 2010). Fortunately, Hamilton’s previous success in the steel industry resulted in an urban landscape full of unique old historic buildings. These buildings can be used in creating a renewed urban landscape with an authentic identity that is true to Hamilton’s history and cultural identity. Recognising this, the City of Hamilton initiated several financial incentives and grant programs in order to help the community break the cycle of community degeneration and improve the built landscape. While Hamilton has issued reports outlining its economic contributions, no studies have been conducted in order to understand how these financial incentive programs are affecting communities economically, socially and culturally in relation to the historic built landscape. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between Hamilton’s Business Improvement Areas and the state of economic, social and cultural integrity, paying special attention to its built heritage resources. This study includes both primary and secondary data. Primary data includes a building condition and use survey, business-mail in surveys, key stakeholder interviews, and observational research. Secondary includes (but is not limited to) market evaluations from the City of Hamilton that specifically relate to the three selected Business Improvement Areas. This study ultimately concluded that the International Village Business Improvement Area compared to the Downtown Hamilton Business Improvement Area and the Barton Village Business Improvement Area had the highest scores for economic, social, and cultural integrity. It also concluded that the Barton Village Business Improvement area had the lowest scores for economic, social, and cultural integrity.

No
This paper undertakes a comparative study of intervention strategies and the resultant impact upon new enterprise creation in the UK and Hungary. Firstly, secondary data is used to compare and contrast the actions of and support provided by, major employer organisations faced with the need to downsize and restructure in the light of changing economic circumstances. Parallels are drawn between the need to support the local economy in specific regions of the UK, which faced extreme recession following the decline of major industries and the need to support local economies in Hungary, which face an uncertain future, but new opportunities, following the liberalisation of economic policy. Secondly, the paper reports the results of interviews with entrepreneurs and owner-managers in both countries who have received and who are receiving support and assistance to establish, grow and develop new enterprises. For many this marks a significant transition from employment to self-employment and requires the acquisition of new skills and competences together with the acceptance of high levels of risk and exposure not previously experienced. Thirdly, the paper assesses the impact of changing relationships within the local economy. This is especially significant where newly established SMEs operate as sub-contractors to the supporting organisation which takes the opportunity to outsource services and/or production which was previously undertaken in-house. The paper concludes with specific recommendations concerning the role of facilitators in influencing attitudes towards entrepreneurship and actions, which may be undertaken to encourage regeneration through the creation of new enterprises.

碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
100
In recent year, enterprises consider reverse logistic in their processing because of cost, corporate image and government policy. But there are lots of uncertainty factors in the reverse logistic, in order to focus on enterprise’s professional skills, more and more enterprises outsource their reverse logistics. Both enterprise and professional reverse logistic processor have to spend more costs to keep their cooperation in recent outsourcing model. Thus, this thesis builds a model which combine enterprise's business model and professional reverse logistic processor's business model. In this model, assumes that profit should be share between both of them, and apply Robust optimization methods to solve uncertainty factors in reverse logistic. The thesis finds out the best distribution ratio of regeneration materials in each period.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
地理學系
92
Since today Taiwan’s standard of living rose, the life-style changed and the structures of the industries reformed, the populace regarded the consumable archery target request also along with it increased, and the traditional obsolete business area were unable to meet consumer's need. Moreover, these business area faced the hard commercial competition that was many large-scale retail stores developed, and caused its business area management condition to decline day after day. In order to make their business opportunities again, inevitably it would revitalize business area in accordance to present situation. The subject of the study was Yeong-Leh Street Image Business Area Chang-hwa city and the researcher prospected the spot personally to find out its business categories, business space, the street use situation, and consumer behavior. Then using the questionnaires to come at consumers’ cognitive difference between before and after. Finally, the researcher analyzed and drew up the strategies of trade area redevelopment by S.W.O.T analysis model. Through those researches and discussions that mentioned above, Yeong-Leh Street Image Business Area has transformed into an amusement trade area by molding it. For the long-term operating goal of composite business area, however, Yeong-Leh Street Image Business Area still has much space to develop. If the redevelopment plan focuses only on changing the commercial environment and facilities but doesn’t aim at strengthening the co-prosperity management idea of the shops and make self-criticism of commercial environment in accordance to present development trend, it will be disadvantageous to the external management of the redeveloped business area. The most important thing is to establish an external management mechanism as well as make laws and regulations in order to give an impetus to business area redevelopment plan successfully. The experience of Yeong-Leh Street Image Business Area redevelopment can be the foundation for the public sector plan and carry out Yeong-Leh Consumer Center for the future. How to establish a mechanism of external management and build a comfortable and safe shopping space to satisfy consumers’ demands is the main point of carrying out the trade area redevelopment plan.

碩士
國立中興大學
農業企業經營管理碩士在職專班
107
The development of social enterprise is yet a type of startup enterprise organization which goes along improving social issues and simultaneously develop a revenue model to advance the sustainable development of enterprise and elaborate social responsibilities.The rural rejuvenation plan is implemented since 2010 in Taiwan which aims to ameliorate the decline in rural villages and to make them vibrant.Accordingly,this study is mainly probing how the social enterprise applies its business model to rural rejuvenation community to reach the goal of rural rejuvenation plan.This study uses the qualitative research approach to discuss the social enterprise business model of Yung Keng community of Donglijiafeng which the Cheng’s historic residence is its core.The business model takes the 3 principles of rural rejuvenation-the production,the ecology and the life of rural village into account to create job opportunities to underprivileged groups and promote community collaboration non-toxic agriculture by using the natural landscapes,ecological resources and related traditional industries that makes the local residents take part in traditional wedding culture and guide the activity shows.It not only benefits the local residents for additional income but also make the tourists realize the efforts that Yung Keng community of Donglijiafeng does on environment friendly.Furthermore,it develops a series of peripheral proceeds and the new ambience of Yung Keng rural rejuvenation.Lastly,this study generalizes the interviews and secondary data to set practicable development strategy plans by using SWOT strategic matrix analysis for Donglijiafeng as suggestion of business strategies,thereby seeking for the new business opportunities and making the new model of rural rejuvenation.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系
89
In past 20 years, most business districts in Taiwan downtowns gradually lost the roles of hearts of cities as a result of urban developments and changing consumption types. Besides, the policy “An Industrial and business Park” directly oppresses the retail business’s profits in downtowns. For reviving the downtowns’ retail business, the Branch of Commerce of MOEA strengthens the retail business with setting up regional organizations and assisting from the guidance and assistance units, but actually they’re all in vain. The emphasis of this research is the reviving of the downtowns’ retail business with discussing the relationships of authority, capital, human, and communication among the public departments including the central and local governments, the private departments including the private enterprises and residents, the regional organizations, and guidance and assistance units. To find out the foreign downtowns’ reviving organization relationships and working principles through the comparison of the United Kingdom’s redevelopment policies which the privates were encouraged to participate in, setting up the specialized organizations for redevelopments, and the regional private groups participating in community developments after 1970s, the United States’ Local Main Street programs and State and Citywide Main Street programs implemented by NMSC in 1980s, and Japan’ reviving policies for the downtowns’ shopping streets since 1960s. Simultaneously, with reviewing native reviving plans and experiences, analyzing and inducing the foreign downtowns’ reviving principles, and physical investigating, to grasp the situations of the public and private departments in the Tainan Chung Cheng trade area, and provide a suggest to the downtown trade areas’ reviving mechanism based on the foreign reviving principles and native systems. Finally, against the problems emerged from the interactions of the Chung Cheng trade area’s reviving organizations, this research suggests the strategies and mechanism for the organization working. Through all studies and discusses, this research gets seven conclusions as following. (1) For encouraging the retailers’ and residents’ participation, the public departments should provide multiple financial attractions, and the guidance and assistance actively hold market activities and coordination and give assistance to the communications between the landlords and lessees to reduce the conflicts and members enlisting. (2) The local governments should set up a coordinating group only to strengthen the relationships and integrate the related units in the governments. (3) The public departments should draw up the financial systems and tax reduction to encourage the private enterprises’ investments and donation and reduce the blocks of investments and developments. (4) The central governments delegate the options of selecting the guidance and assistance units, monitor ship, examination and reviving locations, and the reviving funds to the local governments to promote the fine relationships between the guidance and assistance units and reduce the conflicts between the central policies and local planning currently. (5) The guidance and assistance unit should erect the offices in the reviving areas and dispatch administrators to contact and communicate with the residents to improve the interactive relationships between the units and regional organizations.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
商業自動化與管理研究所
98
As the promotion of Recycled Asphalt Concrete in domestic industry, by dig (planes) stipulating Material composition, nature, source and paving time of Recycled Asphalt Concrete is difficult to create complete information, Recycled material usage of unknown cause regeneration of recycled asphalt concrete to repeat the frequently heard, lead to Recycled pavement performance will be more difficult to grasp, is more affect the survival of the Construction Firms. The Construction Firms for Recycled Asphalt Concrete as the research object, discussing the relationship in public construction of adopting Regeneration Resources used in Taiwan and business performance. We developed a questionnaire model in which Knowledge with Recycled Asphalt Concrete, and business performance. Result from 40 management executives. The result is show as below: 1. The averages of all dimensions are greater than 3.70, Respondents is agreed to considerably in high degree. 2. Between the Knowledge with Recycled Asphalt Concrete and business performance is a significance effect with positive relationship. 3. The regression analysis from the management dimension of Knowledge with Recycled Asphalt Concrete to business performance is significance effect, but environment , marketing and regulation dimension are show no significance effect. The results shows the current situation of regeneration resources, the environmental side, the use of regeneration resources management performance and the status of the market face higher average scores, regeneration resources, management of the current situation of the surface area and the average scores of less regulation; The working years due to different work status in the use of regeneration resources, environmental shows significant differences, The Construction Firms for Recycled Asphalt Concrete can send any senior or more senior colleagues as the seeds of staff, to publicize the use of regeneration resources to enhance the status of the environmental concept. The most important for firms is properly managed will be the effective use of regeneration resources, improve operational performance. Although the firms are mostly small and medium enterprises, green state of mind in most businesses is to improve operating costs, recommends the use of recycled materials business for should be impartial and open mind attitude, be active and positive response to the environment, and initiative to make environmentally advantageous products and services can bring in good corporate environmental performance.

This study evaluated the role of waterfront development in urban regeneration, as waterfronts are used as the element that re-establishes the physical links between parts of the city. Consequently, waterfront development is an essential open resource where visitors can carry out diverse social and cultural activities on a daily basis. Furthermore, CBDs benefit from lively waterfronts, which become popular tourist attractions. There is a dire need for urban regeneration. The study focuses on the evolution of waterfront development through the urban morphology modelsto identify the starting point of central places and the factors that may have an effect on the growth of a city. Just as urban regeneration forms part of the evolution of cities and waterfronts, and as the cities and waterfronts developed so did the term urban regeneration evolve to its present form. Thus, one has to understand what components have an influence on the term urban regeneration and what the benefits are. Thereafter, the different aspects of urban development and urban regeneration are incorporated into waterfront development to understand the role of waterfront development in urban regeneration. As waterfront development took place, the first port was developed to ensure transportation of goods from one place to the next. Subsequently, the role of the waterfront became economically driven. As time passed and the old harbour fronts fell into disuse, a new role for the waterfront was needed, and the new role came with waterfront regeneration. Historically, waterfront regeneration was only seen as imperative when a waterfront area is critical for the growth of the city. Notably, when there is no use for the area and the city is in the decline period, waterfront regeneration will be a priority. Consequently, the empirical study focused on exploring this role of waterfront development by means of two international case studies (Baltimore Inner Harbour, Toronto Harbour Front) and two national case studies (V& A Waterfront, Mossel Bay CBD and Port Precinct Plan). A qualitative approach was selected because it focuses on collecting and analysing information in as many forms as possible. Furthermore, a qualitative approach aims to achieve an in-depth understanding of the matter, which is important to allocate the role of waterfront development in urban regeneration. As the study focuses on understanding the role of waterfront development as part of urban regeneration within cities, it explores the methodological framework of case studies. The case study approach involves one or more circumstances within a bounded system. As some of the case studies can be irrelevant to a study, the qualitative approach was appropriate for this study, because it focuses on eliminating unwanted case studies. This is importantto ensure that case studies do not influence the result. To ensure that the relevant information is selected, the multiple case study design was used. The study concludes that waterfront development has three primary roles in urban regeneration and that these roles have evolved over time. In conclusion, the role of waterfront development is not only economically motivated, but also environmentally and socially significant.
MSc (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015