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1
Khamala, Charles A. „‘When Rescuers become Refoulers: Closing Kenya’s Refugee Camps amid Terrorism Threats’ and leaving vulnerable groups out in the cold“. Africa Nazarene University Law Journal 8, Nr. 1 (2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/anulj/v8/i1a1.
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Kenya’s counter-terrorism measures, following entry into Somalia, relocated refugees to designated camps. However, by violating a refugee’s freedom of movement, mass relocation contravenes the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). Regional jurisprudence informed the Kenyan High Court’s Kituo cha Sheria v Attorney General decision holding that mass refugee relocation is indeed refoulement. It necessarily discriminates, punishes disproportionately, and may amount to a ‘failure to protect’ refugees against torture, a crime against humanity. However, the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) merely prohibits hosts from returning escapees to countries where they are targeted for persecution. Conversely, refugees who are either reasonably regarded as threatening national security or reasonably suspected of serious crimes are deemed to ‘waive’ their non-refoulement right. Nonetheless, the court’s legal moralism insisted that states should prove ‘waiver’ and never torture refugees. Invoking an ‘individual criminality’ principle required proof of a refugee’s dangerousness. Suspects can furthermore not be condemned unheard. Therefore, establishing whether ‘mass waiver’ is possible, is problematic. Are blanket relocation directives justifiable simply because proving ‘reasonable belief’ of refugees committing terror acts or serious crimes are difficult? Although Samow Mumin Mohamed v Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior Security and Co-Ordination condoned mass refugee relocation Refugee Consortium of Kenya v Attorney did not. Curiously, to clarify the ambiguity Kenya National Commission on Human Rights v Attorney Genera elevated the required standard of proof for ‘waiver’ under the Refugees Convention to one of ‘beyond reasonable doubt.’ Previously, in Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) v Republic of Kenya legislative caps on refugee numbers were rejected. Subsequently, a new Refugee Bill (2019) proposes to legalise confining refugees to designated camps. This article applies common-law principles of the duty on rescuers to evaluate whether mass refugee relocation refoules.
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Mwenyango, Hadijah, und George Palattiyil. „Health needs and challenges of women and children in Uganda’s refugee settlements: Conceptualising a role for social work“. International Social Work 62, Nr. 6 (09.09.2019): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872819865010.
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With 1.36 million refugees, Uganda has witnessed Africa’s highest refugee crisis and is confronted with subsequent protection and assistance demands. The Government of Uganda and its partners are trying to support refugees to overcome the associated debilitating health conditions, and it recently shot to prominence in refuge management. Despite this, there are still gaps in health service provision for refugees. This article discusses the health situation of refugee women and children living in Uganda’s refugee settlements, explores the existing health service gaps, and argues that there is a need to extend the role of social work in health services for refugees.
3
Shahi, Neelam. „Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu“. KMC Research Journal 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2018): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v2i2.29951.
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This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur.
This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps.
The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal
4
Tuitt, Patricia. „Transitions: Refugees and Natives“. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, Nr. 2 (2013): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002003.
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European Directive 2004/83 (the ‘Qualification Directive’) limits claims for asylum to those refugees coming from outside of the European Union. This provision institutionalises a long established practice in which member states of the European Union are presumed to be safe countries of origin and safe countries of asylum. This article argues that the European Union could not have come into being without producing refugees. With reference to the definition of refugee enshrined within Article 1.A (2) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees1 and the jurisprudence surrounding one key qualifying element of the definition – persecution – the article seeks to explore how the international law governing the status of refugee has been deployed to deny that the European Union is a place of origin of refugees.
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Bydoon, Maysa Said. „The Challenges of Refugees Protection“. Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, Nr. 6 (15.06.2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1206.
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<p>The current crises and civil war in many countries, increasingly challenge the rapid growth of influx of refugees. More recently, as a matter of fact, the asylum issue is one of the most important issues in the international community that shed lights on a violation of refugees’ rights and most importantly a safe area to live in. The article examines the refugee protection in light of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. It is true that such convention and its complementary protocol contribute in establishing the international law of refugee protection, however, its argues that the convention does not cover all people into danger in terms of refuges definition and principals of non refoulement.</p>
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Maula, Bani Syarif. „Examining the Handling of Rohingya Refugees in Indonesia through the Lens of International Law and Maqāsid al-Shari’ah: An Exploration of Islamic Humanitarianism“. Mazahib 23, Nr. 1 (04.06.2024): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/mj.v23i1.7942.
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The issue of Rohingya refugees has gained significant attention globally and within Indonesian society, especially as many seek refuge in Aceh to escape persecution in Myanmar. The 1951 Vienna Convention and the 1967 Refugee Protocol form the global legal framework for refugee protection. However, Indonesia has not formally endorsed these statutes, so it is not legally bound to fulfill refugees’ basic needs. Despite this, Indonesia is obligated by the principle of non-refoulement, a customary international law or jus cogens, to manage Rohingya refugees entering its territory. This study examines Indonesia’s approach to refugee management through international law and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, representing Islamic humanitarianism. Islamic scholarly discourse, specifically Fiqh al-Siyar, linked with maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, provides a foundation for contemporary humanitarian efforts. The study concludes that, under international law, Indonesia must protect refugees as part of implementing jus cogens. Additionally, from the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah perspective, Indonesia’s decision to welcome Rohingya refugees, despite not ratifying the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, exemplifies Islamic humanitarianism and acknowledges refugees’ inherent human rights.
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Lamsal, Alok. „The Politics of Displacement of Refugees in Habiburahman’s Novel First, They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks“. Bon Voyage 5, Nr. 1 (31.12.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bovo.v5i1.64363.
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This paper explores mainly three phases of displacement experienced by refugees in Habiburahaman’s book First, They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks and potential solutions to address the challenges they face. Deriving from Beverly Crawford’s concept that “refugees live three lives,” which has been quoted in the book written by Alan Gratz- Refugee, the paper examines the distinct experiences of refugees as they flee from their homeland, seek refuge in another place or country, and establish lives in foreign lands. Using the plight of Rohingya refugees in refugee camps as a reference point from the book, the paper argues that each phase of displacement dispenses with exclusive challenges and insecurities for refugees. The paper also discusses the role of theories in highlighting the problems and giving possible solutions to those complications of displacement. Additionally, the paper comprehends various insights from different philosophers and theorists on the topic of refugee displacement, providing a theoretical framework to address this global issue through a novel. Ultimately, the paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of refugees in the book “...A Rohingya Speaks” and to propose possible implications to help refugees rebuild their lives after various phases of displacement.
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Hwang, Eundeog. „Refugees and Citizens: Focusing on the Narratives of Refugee87 and Refugee in a Day“. British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 152 (30.03.2024): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2024.152.85.
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This paper explores the dynamics and positionality between refugees and citizens, and ‘the space’ between refugees and citizens through two novel texts. Based on Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben's concepts of nation, refugee, and human rights, the paper will discuss Ele Fountain's Refugee87(2018) and Pyo Myeong-hee's Refugee in a Day(2018) which were published in the UK and Korea respectively. The two novel texts show that even citizens living normally within their countries of origin can become a ‘Homo Sacer’ and a ‘human species in its natural state’ at any moment. The fact that an ordinary citizen is suddenly reduced to a bare life(Homo Sacer) and then a refugee suggests that the boundary among a citizen, a bare life, and a refugee can be moveable and their positionalities are not fixed. The fluidity of citizens and refugees’ positionalities raises doubts about the operating principles that constitute the foundation of the modern nation-state. It can be said that the existence of refugees serves to endanger the originally fictitious national sovereignty.
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Chalabi, Hayfaa. „Refugees Welcome? Illustrative storytelling to challenge apathy towards refugees“. Journal of Illustration 9, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jill_00051_1.
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The illustrator and storyteller Hayfaa Chalabi writes and draws about what kind of design the Migration Board uses to visualize the asylum process. She tells about her own asylum experience and the roles that refugees are forced into. The work becomes a place for memory and history writing where Chalabi tries to understand how to document a process that is prohibited to be documented by the person undergoing it. How and why is the same emotion, such as fear, expressed and processed differently depending on one’s possibilities or impossibilities? This essay therefore aims to explore the tool of illustrative storytelling to challenge governmental restrictions faced by refugee narratives in Sweden. This exploration is done through the study of stereotypes that stigmatize the refugee’s identity. The figure of the refugee is often shaped by the visual representation one consumes via mass media and the words one hears in political debates and social discourse. Refugees are often portrayed as immigrants and nothing but immigrants, faceless victims on news and often de-named suffering people drowning in some ocean. This portrayal makes the humanity of the refugee invisible. A human who has a face, a name, a past, a story beyond his/her refugee story and most importantly an identity and rights.
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Glazebrook, Diana. „'Desecration' in a Place of Refuge“. Cultural Studies Review 11, Nr. 1 (12.08.2013): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v11i1.3449.
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In this paper I explore two related questions: how does a particular site come to be perceived as sacred, and what is the impact of the destruction of something sacred when it occurs in a place of ‘refuge’? This study is situated on the island of New Guinea, in the experiences of West Papuan people from the Indonesian Province of Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), living as refugees across the international border in Papua New Guinea. The inquiry is grounded in two instances involving a refugee population in a place of refuge. The first instance involves the burning of a church built by a refugee congregation, and the second involves the large-scale occupation by a refugee population of another people’s land. A doubling effect is intended here. Forced migration can simultaneously render refugees vulnerable to the violence of others, and in the process of resettlement, refugees may have no real choice but to engage in actions that violate the land of others.
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Aiyub Kadir, M. Yakub, Aditya Rivaldi, Lena Farsia und Saifuddin Bantasyam. „The Legal Vacuum on Access to Higher Education for Refugees in Indonesia: Islamic Claim for Aceh Responsibility“. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.15454.
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This article investigates the prospect of granting refugee students the opportunity to enroll in higher education in Indonesia, particularly Aceh. Due to the vacuum of law on the rights for higher education for refugees. This article explores the possibility of religious claim on the rights for higher education for refugees. This study aims to prove that amidst the vacuum of law on the higher education rights for the refugee, Indonesia is still legally, socially, and religiously responsible in providing higher education access for refugees. Using doctrinal and quantitative legal research. This research demonstrated that Indonesia should be able to provide higher education for refugees by minimally but significantly changing the meaning of several of its higher education regulations. The responsibility bear by Indonesia is stipulated clearly in its constitutional preamble, as well as article 28(C)1 of Indonesia constitution. This report also confirmed that Aceh, with its past and present position, meets the requirement of an “Islamic Land,” and hence has a fundamental religious commitment to give refugees with the same rights as its inhabitants. This report also suggests technical collaboration or assimilation with the Global Education Convention system, as well as combining the Paket C and the UNESCO Qualifications Passport for Refugee systems to address any refugee's paperwork and qualification issues. This study contributes to the advocacy and support for significant humanitarian aid that Indonesia, particularly Aceh, may provide to refugees in order to help them prepare for a better future.
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Chrostowsky, MaryBeth. „The Role of Asylum Location on Refugee Adjustment Strategies: The Case of Sudanese in San Diego, California“. Practicing Anthropology 32, Nr. 1 (25.12.2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.1.a38177g14h015533.
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Upon resettlement in receiving countries, refugees face many challenges and experience enormous stress. Researchers agree that the greater the gap between the culture of a refugee's home country and that of the host country, the more stress refugees will experience. This disparity is especially true for Sudanese refugees resettling in the United States who moved from a rural setting within a so-called Third World country to an urban setting in an industrialized nation. The stress that results from these changes can both overwhelm and hinder a refugee's adjustment. The experiences of Sudanese women and men who resettled in San Diego, California are explored here to examine the role of the initial asylum environment as a potential influence on refugees' strategies as they confront the challenges of adjustment. The participants in this study averaged 5.4 years in either Cairo, Egypt or in Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya before coming to San Diego. Disparate asylum environments, including cultural norms, political ideologies, laws, employment opportunities, and educational resources found in these places created different changes in the daily gendered behavioral patterns of these Sudanese refugees after they arrived in the United States.
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Daud, Dazmin, Wardatul Hayat Adnan, Kholyn Ruran Jonathan und Hrrison Aris. „Policies and Issues relating to Vietnamese Boat People in Malaysia“. EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences 8, Nr. 1 (29.06.2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol8.1.8.2022.
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An island in Malaysia bear witness to the survival of Vietnamese boat people fleeing their war-torn country in the mid-70s. Thousands of Vietnamese boat people were granted temporary refuge on Bidong Island while they were processed for resettlement by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The island situated off the coast of Terengganu was designated as the principal refugee camp for Vietnamese boat people in Malaysia in August 1978 with the Malaysia government towing any arriving boatloads of refugees to the island. Despite its ability to receive 4,500 refugees, the less than one square mile island ended up with a refugee population of more than 40,000 by June 1979. This paper presents a literature assessment of Malaysia's strategy and policy adopted during that period of time, as well as current legal framework on refugee and asylum seekers, to better understand how Malaysia dealt with Vietnamese boat people and how it is currently dealing with refugees and asylum seekers.
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Weiß, Anja. „Becoming a refugee. A life-course approach to migration under duress“. Sociologias 20, Nr. 49 (Dezember 2018): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/15174522-02004904.
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Abstract This article offers a sociological approach to the ongoing debate about the distinction between refugees and migrants. It adopts a life-course perspective on seeking refuge. Seeking refuge is embedded not only in the legal regimes of refugee protection, but also in other institutional frameworks governing the life-course. Exploring continuities between migrants and refugees allows for a better understanding of whether and under what preconditions the refugee category is applied by administrations and accessed by refugees themselves. With the help of case studies selected strategically from a larger sample of narrative interviews with university educated migrants to Germany, Turkey, and Canada, the article shows how the implementation and administration of the Geneva Refugee Convention in Germany is organized in a manner that often diverges from the empirical reality of fleeing from persecution and lack of protection. On this basis, a broader comparison with migrants in Turkey and Canada who could fall under the Geneva Refugee Convention, but who mostly refrain from claiming asylum, shows that those with better resources and socio-spatial autonomy can, if well informed, find alternative options for gaining protection rather than claiming refugee status. Whether migrants under duress see themselves as refugees and whether they claim asylum does not only result from the persecution they face but also from specificities of legal and administrative frameworks, as well as their position in global structural inequalities and it is related to divergent degrees of socio-spatial autonomy.
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Muhammad, Rehan Khan. „International Forced Migration and Pak- Afghan Development Concerns: Exploring Afghan Refugee Livelihood Strategies“. Journal of Social and Development Sciences 2, Nr. 4 (15.10.2011): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v2i4.667.
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This study investigates the livelihood strategies employed by Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan. These refugees were forced to take refuge in Pakistan after Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1978. Three decades after their migration, and after repeated Pakistani government attempts to resettle them in Afghanistan, scores of Afghan refugees still reside in Pakistan. This paper discusses the evolving relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan over the years and their respective implications. Researching the various livelihood strategies that Afghan refugees pursued their impact on the Pakistani labor market is discussed. By means of taking a case study of an Afghan refugee woman, this study concludes that there exists a gender dimension in Afghan refugee population. In doing so two developmental concerns are identified i) development projects focused on refugee assistance in Afghanistan and Pakistan ignore the development concerns of the women population ii) countries that provide refuge to victims of war are exposed to a new set of development challenges in addition to their already burdened economy. This paper furthers the academic debate on achieving the development challenge of attaining a stable South Asia, in light of the AfPak strategy initiated by President Obama in 2010, and reflects on potential areas for policy making for Pakistan, Afghanistan and the United States.
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Diah Triceseria, Anak Agung Istri, Nurul Azizah Zayda und Rizka Fiani Prabaningtyas. „A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon“. Global South Review 2, Nr. 1 (09.10.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28847.
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The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
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Eberechi, Oghenerioborue Esther. „The Challenges of Protecting Refugees in Mixed Migration, vis-à-vis the Application of Articles 1f and 31 of the Refugee Convention“. Obiter 41, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i2.9150.
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This article embarks on a critical analysis of the application of articles 1F and 31 of the Refugee Convention in a mixed migration setting in Africa. It exposes the problem of mixed migration and how it affects refugees and offers a brief history and scope and purpose of these articles. This study argues that article 1F(b) is ambiguous and inadequate, and that it provides room for adjudicators to exclude certain migrants from refugee status. On the other hand, owing to vagueness in these articles, refugees can be penalised, criminalised and detained for possible extradition and repatriation. Additionally, refugees who enter countries of refuge amidst other migrants may find it difficult to report to an appropriate centre to apply for refugee status. Thus, they are not able to comply with article 31 of the Refugee Convention. Therefore, the author recommends the amendment of both articles 1F and 31 of the Refugee Convention to eliminate problematic ambiguities.
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Mukhtar, Sohaib, Muhammad Fayaz und Malieka Farah Deeba. „Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Syrian Refugees in European Union: A Comparative Analysis“. Journal of Economics, Trade and Marketing Management 5, Nr. 1 (09.01.2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v5n1p1.
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Displaced persons are Refugees, cross borders under coercion by force, leave motherland and difficult to return safely to home of parents. Root word is ‘refuge’ from which ‘refugee’ is derived, it means hiding and shelter from danger. Pakistan is not signatory of Refugee Convention 1951 but member of the United Nations (UN). Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan for approximately four decades, the Government of Pakistan provides favorable treatment and atmosphere to Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Resultantly, Pakistan has been suffering terrorism, political instability, and economic dropdown though after left of Unites States of America (USA) in 2021, many more Afghan Refugees are expected to migrate to Pakistan. International Community is required to work and ensure peace and stability in Afghanistan in order to ensure returning back of Afghan Refugees to their parent’s home safely and work for stability and peace of Afghanistan and the region so that they live there peacefully. According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ (UDHR) article 14: everybody has freedom and right to enjoy, seek asylum from persecution in other countries. Asylum right not invoked if (i) genuinely arising prosecutions from non-political crimes, or (ii) acts repugnant to principles and purposes of United Nations, and Convention Relating to Status of Refugee signed in 1951 under United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). There are 145 signatories currently to Refugee Convention 1951 but Pakistan has not yet acceded to Refugee Convention 1951. According to Refugee Convention 1951 preamble: freedom under fundamental rights enjoyed by human beings under Charter of the UN and UDHR without discrimination. The UN has assured efforts to expand freedom under fundamental rights to refugees. Communitarian Critique research methodology is deployed to help understand issues of refugees. Qualitative methodology is used while conducting this research, an analytical and comparative methods to analyze and compare Government of Pakistan’s treatment of Afghan refugees in Pakistan approximately for 4 decades as compare to Syrian Refugees’ treatment by European Union (EU). The largest populated migrants refugee country of the world for 4 decades is Pakistan, approximately 5 million Afghan nationals migrated to Pakistan during Cold War and approximately around 1.3 million still living in Pakistan and they are not willing to go back to Afghanistan specially after withdrawal of USA in 2021. The International Community is required, requested, and suggested to wish, help, and endeavor to build up economies of Afghanistan and Pakistan and try to strengthen stability and peace so that remaining Afghan nationals who are living as refugees in Pakistan can go back to their motherland safely, happily, and live there peacefully.
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Anjum, Ubair. „A Review of Refugees and Their Mental Health in the Perspective of World, and the Particular Issue of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan“. International Journal of Culture and History 7, Nr. 1 (14.04.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v7i1.16842.
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The mental health of the refugees is a matter of interest from the global perspective, as the refugees are reported to have several kinds of mental illness because of their flee from their home countries which could ultimately provoke the circumstances of the host countries. Pakistan is amongst the top listed countries providing the refuge to the displaced people after Lebanon, Jordan and, Turkey. The refugees have been reported to have behavioral and mental issues because they had gone through the awful situations of being exiled from their own land. Pakistan is serving the refugees from decades on mandate of UNHCR, but has been victimized of worthy loss due to the extremists and terrorists hide in refugee camps, because of their psychopaths of criminality towards the host-nation. Pakistan still backed the Afghan refugees and declared to provide the nationality to those Afghan’s born in Pakistan. But, Pakistan doesn’t possess any certain act or policy concerning the Afghan refugee till now, the mandate of UNHCR has been following as well as the health facilities and betterments for refugees are accordingly. By unveiling the certain issue mental health of the refugees in general the recommendations has been presented as well as by focusing the matter of the Afghan Refugees the ultimate policy is devised to consider for betterment in state-backed by the evidence gathered contextually.
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Alma'aitah, Meera. „The Legal Regulations and Governmental Approaches towards Refugees in Jordan“. Acta Humana 12, Nr. 1 (11.04.2024): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32566/ah.2024.1.5.
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Jordan has long been a refuge for those fleeing conflict and persecution in neighbouring countries. As a result, the country has developed a robust set of laws and policies to protect refugees and provide them with the support they need to rebuild their lives. In this context, understanding the refugee laws in Jordan is crucial for anyone interested in the welfare of refugees and the broader humanitarian crisis in the region. With over 750,000 registered refugees, Jordan is home to one of the largest refugee populations in the world. The country has been praised for its generosity and commitment to protecting refugees, but also faces significant challenges in providing for the needs of such a large and diverse population. Understanding the legal framework that governs refugees in Jordan is essential to addressing these challenges and improving the lives of those affected by conflict and displacement. The ongoing conflict in Syria has resulted in a massive influx of refugees into neighbouring countries, including Jordan. To meet the needs of this growing population, the Jordanian government has established a set of laws and policies designed to provide refugees with protection, assistance, and access to essential services. This legal framework is a critical component of the countrys humanitarian response to the Syrian crisis and plays an essential role in the lives of hundreds of thousands of refugees living in Jordan.
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Böhm, Robert, Maik M. P. Theelen, Hannes Rusch und Paul A. M. Van Lange. „Costs, needs, and integration efforts shape helping behavior toward refugees“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 28 (25.06.2018): 7284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805601115.
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Recent political instabilities and conflicts around the world have drastically increased the number of people seeking refuge. The challenges associated with the large number of arriving refugees have revealed a deep divide among the citizens of host countries: one group welcomes refugees, whereas another rejects them. Our research aim is to identify factors that help us understand host citizens’ (un)willingness to help refugees. We devise an economic game that captures the basic structural properties of the refugee situation. We use it to investigate both economic and psychological determinants of citizens’ prosocial behavior toward refugees. In three controlled laboratory studies, we find that helping refugees becomes less likely when it is individually costly to the citizens. At the same time, helping becomes more likely with the refugees’ neediness: helping increases when it prevents a loss rather than generates a gain for the refugees. Moreover, particularly citizens with higher degrees of prosocial orientation are willing to provide help at a personal cost. When refugees have to exert a minimum level of effort to be eligible for support by the citizens, these mandatory “integration efforts” further increase prosocial citizens’ willingness to help. Our results underscore that economic factors play a key role in shaping individual refugee helping behavior but also show that psychological factors modulate how individuals respond to them. Moreover, our economic game is a useful complement to correlational survey measures and can be used for pretesting policy measures aimed at promoting prosocial behavior toward refugees.
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Kadarudin, Kadarudin. „PORTRAITS IN INDONESIA: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE (A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW)“. Veritas et Justitia 4, Nr. 1 (28.06.2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2920.
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This paper discusses the issue of refugees from an international law perspective. It is known that Indonesia is not a party to either the 151 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol, but mostly as transit country house a number of refugees running away from conflict areas in Myanmar, the Middle East and Afghanistan. This legal research employs a juridical normative method. By tracking down and analyzing all relevant legal sources it is revealed that Indonesia’s treatment of refuges is based on the general obligation to protect and honor human rights (on the basis of international minimum standard). It is further recommended that Indonesia should actively support the global compact on refugees.
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Finahliyah Hasan. „Human Rights Problem of Stranded Refugees in A Transit Country“. JILS (Journal of International and Local Studies) 2, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/jils.v2i1.704.
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Global forced displacement mostly by conflict and persecution continues to escalate dramatically at the end of 2016 and has never been higher since World War II. People fleeing war or another catastrophe who cannot return to their country of origin have been granted asylum in the foreign country. They will be processed to have their claims for refugee status thoroughly assessed by UNHCR in which is named after as a Refugee Status Determination (RSD), a legal process by government or UNHCR to determine whether a person seeking international protection is considered a refugee under international, regional or national law. In fact, the vast majority of refugees who intend to migrate to developed states as their final destination, generally settle first in a stable and middleincome country such as Indonesia. As a result, Indonesia is swamped by refugees, and their condition has been exacerbated by Indonesia status which is not the signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. This status leads to the limitation for accessing human rights of refugees. Thus fulfilling refugee's rights are prevalent due to the uncertainty for resettlement to the third country. Notwithstanding some institutions such as International Organization for Migration (IOM), Immigration, and Social Service department have conducted programs for a refugee to overcome their lack of activities, the implementation is uneven. The findings of this research demonstrates that (1) when refugees are not permitted to get a job, have limited access to education and affordable health facilities, (2) The program sufferes from various difficulties due to the lack of cooperation with related agencies and the lack of human resources, they continue to suffer with their refugee status being negatively affected. This study used a participatory method, observation and literature review. Data is obtained through the interview of refugees and related authorities in different locations. During collecting the data, the author implemented several empowerment programs in refugee community housing as a strategy of the author who encounters difficulties while getting information.
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Fletcher, Rajan. „Online Pathways, Digital Migrant workers: From Empowerment to Monitor Digital Footprints for Refugees“. International Journal of Science and Society 3, Nr. 1 (05.03.2021): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i1.298.
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The text studies how digitality and refugee routes intersect by focussing on the concepts of »connected migrants and the digital footprints of refugee routes in transnational spaces. The smartphone is a key signifier of today’s refugee, and possession of one is questioned by government policies of legitimisation and public opinion perceptions of what constitutes a genuine refugee. These overlook the complex question of digital rights and migration’s embeddedness in the fluidity of the postmodern world. The text thus deals with the digital world’s ambivalence, which is not just a one-way relation of empowerment but entails the risk of complete control over a refugee’s body as well. We establish that an important shift has occurred in European policies, one most visible in the process of erasing the electronic traces of refugees on the move and the illegal return of refugees to the previous country on their way, the socalled pushbacks.
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Momot, Volodymyr Ye, Olena M. Lytvynenko und S. Zairzhanov. „SPECIFICS OF GAINING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE BY REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE“. Academic Review 1, Nr. 58 (15.02.2023): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15.
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The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.
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Duggal, Arvinder K., James B. Kirkbride, Christina Dalman und Anna-Clara Hollander. „Risk of non-affective psychotic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder by refugee status in Sweden“. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, Nr. 3 (25.11.2019): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212798.
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BackgroundRefugees have different experiences of obtaining a refugee status, however it remains unclear if this affects their risk of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk for non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs between quota refugees (resettled from refugee camps) and non-quota refugees (former asylum seekers).MethodA register-based cohort with a sample size of 52 561 refugees in Sweden starting 1 January 1997 ending 31 December 2011. Exposure: refugee status (quota or non-quota refugees). Cox regression models estimated adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for NAPD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), F20–29) and PTSD (ICD-10, F43.1) by refugee status.ResultsThere were more non-quota refugees (77.0%) than quota refugees (23.0%). In total we identified 401 cases of NAPD, 1.0% among quota refugees and 0.7% among non-quota refugees, and 1070 cases of PTSD, 1.9% among quota refugees and 2.1% among non-quota refugees. Male quota refugees were at increased risk for NAPD compared with male non-quota refugees (HRmale=1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82 and HRfemale=0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.00). All quota refugees were at a reduced risk of PTSD compared with non-quota refugees (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.87).ConclusionsThis study suggests that risk of NAPD and PTSD varies for quota and non-quota refugees, highlighting the possibility that different experiences of the migration process differentiate the risk of psychiatric disorders among refugees.
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Pascucci, Elisa. „Refuge: transforming a broken refugee system“. Fennia - International Journal of Geography 195, Nr. 2 (15.12.2017): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.66415.
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Imam Supaat, Dina. „REFUGEE CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE“. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 3 (10.07.2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol3no1.4.
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There were not many changes to the situation of refugees and its protection in Malaysia ever since their first arrival in the 1970s. The legal framework for the protection of refugees and refugee children is incomplete, inadequate and has no special regards to children’s rights. Despite ratifying the United Nations Convention On The Rights Of A Child (UNCRC), refugee children in Malaysia continue to struggle to enjoy their basic rights. This paper seeks to highlight the presence of diverse group of refugee in Malaysia in the past until today. It is argued in this paper that as a host country of refuge, Malaysia has contributed significantly to the protection of refugees in the Southeast Asian region despite glaring shortcomings. Next, analysis on the treatment of refugee children will be presented with special focus into the different treatment to different groups of refugee children. These various treatments will show whether the guiding principles of UNCRC are being respected and complied with. This paper also seeks to suggest that a proper incorporation of the UNCRC in domestic law will lead the authority to treat refugee children as children first regardless of the immigrant label attached to the group.
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Dasep, Muhamad. „Angela Merkel's Leadership in Germany's Open Door Policy Regarding the Handling of the Refugee Crisis in Europe“. Journal Of Global Strategic Studies 4, Nr. 1 (04.06.2024): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jgss.v4i1.2135.
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This research will examine Angela Merkel's leadership in the Open Door Policy to address the refugee crisis that occurred in Europe in 2015. The conflict in Syria led people there to seek refuge in other countries, culminating in a significant increase in refugee waves worldwide. Europe, due to its geographical proximity to the Middle East, became the most affected region in receiving these refugees. In response, Germany, under Chancellor Angela Merkel, decided to open its borders to refugees from Syria. Unlike other European Union countries that chose not to accept refugees, Germany took a different approach. However, this policy faced opposition domestically from the AFD opposition party and the anti-Islam PEGIDA movement. Using the concept of leadership, this paper seeks to answer the question: How did Angela Merkel's leadership in Germany's Open Door Policy contribute to addressing the refugee crisis in Europe? This research utilizes secondary data collection methods, including books, journals, and documentation.
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Kartiko, Asto Yudho, Jennifer Cecilia Telaumbanua und Tsaltsa Syah Putri. „Implementation of Immigration Supervision Refugees at Community House In Under Control Supervision of Immigration Detention House Jakarta“. Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, Nr. 1 (28.05.2019): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i1.154.
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Indonesia is one of the countries that has not ratified the 1951 Convention on refugees but that does not prohibit refugees from coming and getting protection in Indonesia because based on the prevailing constitution, Indonesia has the responsibility to handle refugees and carry out immigration control over them. With the existence of Government Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Refugees from Abroad, immigration plays a role in collecting data, placing, monitoring, and returning refugees to their home countries or third countries. Supervision is an important action taken in dealing with refugees while in Indonesia. Refugees who have received approval from UNHCR and have special needs will be placed in the Community House. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to implement immigration control for refugees in the Jakarta Community House and what obstacles are found in conducting surveillance. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of immigration control carried out on refugees in Community House Jakarta. The research method used is normative empiris, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating phenomena about refugees and legal norms related to refugees and immigration control obtained from literature and law, then analyzed to get conclusions. So it can be explained that the implementation of immigration control of refugees at the Jakarta Community House is carried out by means of attendance and data collection on refugee identification cards and stamps and signatures of Jakarta Rudenim officers. The obstacle to monitoring at the Community House is that there is still conflict between the refugees and the refugee's poor health condition.
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Alencar, Amanda, und Julia Camargo. „Spatial Imaginaries of Digital Refugee Livelihoods“. Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, Nr. 3 (02.03.2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.093.
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Discourses around the so-called digital economy are increasingly more present in contexts of forced displacement, with digital inclusion of refugees being framed by humanitarian agencies as a fundamental human right and an essential tool to promote access to income and skills development. While digital work can certainly bring about positive changes in forced migration settings, imaginaries around the role of the digital in refugees’ economic lives reflect a broader neoliberal project that envisions a retreat of the welfare state and that places on refugees the responsibility to integrate. This article draws on spatial imaginaries frameworks to advance the theoretical understanding of power differentials that are embodied in the use of technologies to promote refugee livelihoods. A combination of interviews, participant and non-participant observations was used to examine the perspectives of Venezuelan refugee women and humanitarian actors in the context of a digital work initiative in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. The analysis reveals a mismatch between the imaginaries underpinning digital work opportunities and the expectations and plans of the refugee women themselves about the use of ICTs and engagement in digital forms of employability. Such disconnect can reinforce inequalities for refugee’s agency in the digital economy.
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De La Cruz, Rachael. „Revolutionary Refugee Policy: Salvadorans and Statecraft in Sandinista Nicaragua (1979–1990)“. Americas 80, Nr. 1 (Januar 2023): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2022.92.
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AbstractDuring the 1980s, more than 20,000 Salvadorans fleeing the violence of the Salvadoran Civil War entered the neighboring country of Nicaragua. Their flight was part of a larger multidirectional migration out of El Salvador in which Salvadorans sought refuge across Central and North America. In response to this unprecedented influx of Salvadoran refugee men, women, and children, the Nicaraguan government—newly under the control of the revolutionary Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)—declared that all refugees would be permitted “the opportunity to survive and produce.” This article argues that the timing of the refugees’ arrival proved mutually beneficial for both the Salvadorans and the FSLN by illustrating how Sandinista officials sought to further agrarian reform projects via refugee integration into agricultural cooperatives. As such, Nicaraguan refugee policy functioned as an integral part of Sandinista statecraft. Through an analysis of refugee-produced sources, government and UNHCR documents, and news reports, this article sheds new light on the entwined histories of Salvadoran refugees and the Sandinista state in the transnational context of the late Cold War period in Central America.
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Aldamen, Yasmin. „Refugee Journalist Phenomenon as a Consequence of Migration and Refugee Crises: The Role of Social Media in Transferring Refugees’ Role from “Has Been Affected” to “Has Affected”“. Studies in Media and Communication 11, Nr. 6 (15.08.2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i6.6202.
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This study examines the impact of using social media by Syrian refugees, focusing on the shift from receiving messages to sharing content and news related to the Syrian crisis. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the findings indicate that social media has become a more accessible and affordable medium of communication for Syrian refugees, both during and after seeking refuge. The study highlights the transformation of Syrian citizens from citizens who are not allowed to use the internet and social media to "refugee journalists" by being affected by social media. Social media use among Syrian activists or Syrian refugee journalists has contributed to the emergence of the "refugee journalist" phenomenon, which helps convey opinions, voices, and suffering to the world. However, the findings also highlight the negative effects of the "refugee journalist" phenomenon on Syrian refugees, citizens, and activists. The findings also indicate the potential moral violations and lack of integrity and reliability standards in the publishing of activists' stories, leading to distortion of facts and misleading audiences.
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Octaviana, Putri, Yulia A. Hasan und Abd Haris Hamid. „ANALISIS SOSIO YURIDIS TERHADAP PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL DI KOTA MAKASSAR“. Clavia 22, Nr. 2 (30.08.2024): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/clavia.v22i2.4046.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: pengaturan pengungsi Internasional di Kota Makassar, dan kendala - kendala yang dialami dalam penanganan pengungsi Internasional di Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Normatif-Empiris dengan mengumpulkan bahan dan melakukan wawancara dengan Pihak United Nations High Committee Refuges (UNHCR), Pihak Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia di kota Makassar, serta pengungsi Internasional yang berada di kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aturan pengungsi Internasional di kota Makassar berpedoman pada Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar Negeri. Dalam Peraturan tersebut menjelaskan keseluruhan aspek yang berkaitan dengan penanganan pengungsi Internasional di Indonesia termasuk penanganan pengungsi Internasional yang berada di kota Makassar. Selanjutnya, kendala – kendala yang dialami dalam penanganan pengungsi Internasional di Kota Makassar diantaranya adalah status dan data pengungsi yang tidak jelas, susahnya mendapatkan penempatan di negara ke – 3 bagi pengungsi, masalah sosial, anggaran, dan kurangnya koordinasi antar instansi This research aims to find out: The regulation of international refugees in Makassar City, and The obstacles experienced in handling international refugees in Makassar City. The research method used in this research is Normative-Empirical by collecting materials and conducting interviews with the United Nations High Committee Refuges (UNHCR), the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Makassar city, and international refugees in the city of Makassar. The results of the research show: This regulation explains all aspects related to handling international refugees in Indonesia, including handling international refugees in the city of Makassar. Furthermore, the obstacles experienced in handling international refugees in Makassar City include unclear refugee status and data, difficulty in obtaining placement in third countries for refugees, social problems, budgets, and lack of coordination between agencies
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Hughes, Emma, Susanne Kean und Fiona Cuthill. „Fluctuating power: an exploration of refugee health nursing within the resettlement context in Victoria, Australia“. Journal of Research in Nursing 27, Nr. 3 (Mai 2022): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17449871221083786.
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Background The Refugee Health Program (RHP) is a nurse-led community initiative, introduced in 2005 with the aim of responding to complex health issues of refugees arriving in Victoria, Australia. Little is known about refugee health nursing in the resettlement context and the impact of dedicated refugee healthcare. Aim To explore the experiences and perspectives of Refugee Health Nurses (RHNs), Refugee Health Managers (managers) and refugees, gaining insight into professional relationships and the complexities of offering a specialised refugee health service. Method A focused ethnographic approach incorporated semi-structured interviews with five RHNs, two managers and eight refugees, two focus groups with refugees and participant observation within the RHP during April 2017 to December 2017. Data collection was undertaken across two sites and interviews, focus groups and observations were transcribed and thematically analysed. Social constructionism asserts that the focus of enquiry should be on interaction, group processes and social practices. Emphasis is placed upon relationships between RHNs, managers and refugees, with knowledge viewed as relational and interactional. Results Professional relationships between RHNs and refugees are complex, with power oscillating between them. Contrary to discourses of ‘vulnerability’ of refugees, both RHNs and refugees demonstrated power in their relationships with each other. Nurses also suggested that these relationships were stressful and could lead to burnout. Key themes were developed: (1) nursing autonomy and gatekeeping; (2) vicarious trauma and burnout; and (3) refugee negotiation of care. Conclusions The balance of power is central to therapeutic relationships. In relationships between RHNs and refugees, power fluctuates as RHNs are exposed to vicarious trauma and symptoms of burnout, while refugees exercise agency by recognising benefits to specialised care. In developing effective therapeutic relationships between RHNs and refugees, attention should be paid to how care is delivered to protect RHNs from burnout while ensuring that refugees receive appropriate care.
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Koca, Burcu Togral. „New Social Movements: “Refugees Welcome UK”“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, Nr. 2 (29.01.2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p96.
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This study addresses the dynamics of new social movements with a special emphasis on the “Refugees Welcome UK” in the light of the Syrian refugee crisis. Since March 2011, over four millions of people have fled civil war in Syria and sought refuge mainly in neighbouring countries, such as Turkey, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon. However, precarious living circumstances and uncertain legal status in these countries have forced hundreds of thousands of Syrians to head for Europe in quest for a better life. The European countries, on the other hand, have adopted restrictive approaches towards Syrian refugees. Among these European countries, the UK has been the most criticized one because of its indifference to the plight of Syrian refugees. Under the leadership of David Cameron, the UK has taken a restrictive stance on accepting Syrian refugees and resisted any solution attempts at the EU level. Contrary to this anti-refugee approach at the state level, there emerged social movements in support of refugees throughout the UK. The most prominent one is the “Refugees Welcome” movement engaging in various strategies, ranging from seeking donation to raising public awareness. Building upon the insights of “New Social Movements” paradigm and using documentary analysis, this article explores the dynamics of this movement, its demands and objectives, social base, organizational structure, mobilization strategies and medium of action and social location. The article seeks to contribute both to the literature on social movements and to the current debate on refugees.
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Wadehra, Rajnish, Sasank Aramsetty und Armin Rosencranz. „Cognizing climate refugees and proposing measures for their relief“. Jindal Journal of Public Policy 7, Nr. 1 (01.04.2023): 85–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjpp.v7i1.216.
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There are several instances around the world where people have been forced to migrate due to numerous issues, inclusive of the political circumstances, terrorism, famines. One of the key issue which happens to be missing out from this bracket is the migration induced by the climate. If all the aforementioned earlier can cause force migrations, then it is possible that climate change can also induce forced migration. This paper will discuss the problems faced by the climate refugees in the current world, as this paper will showcase the manner in which the climate refugees have often been neglected from the focal point. It is observed that the Global North had often neglected to take the climate refugees as a part of their refugee system and its laws, this had left a massive void for these refugees, who had come seeking refuge under extraneous circumstances, which they had been facing and led to their migration from their homes domestically/internationally. Climate Refugees and their problems have often been deemed to be under an ambiguous conception, due to misunderstandings by several researchers. Therefore, the paper will shed light on the ambiguous concepts elaborate on the International Treaties and their take on the climate refugees. The paper highlights the vital need for recognition of people displaced by environmental crises and the inhumanity of ignoring them in the conventional refugee systems.
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SCHOTEL, BAS. „Legal Protection as Competition for Jurisdiction: The Case of Refugee Protection through Law in the Past and at Present“. Leiden Journal of International Law 31, Nr. 1 (27.11.2017): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000565.
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AbstractThis article explores the structure of the legal protection of refugees in Europe today. To this end, it will contrast historical arrangements providing protection to refugees, namely church asylum in the late Middle Ages and refuge for religious minorities, with the current European refugee regime, that is the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), in particular the Dublin system. The central claim of this article is that a basic condition for the legal protection of refugees is the existence of multiple jurisdictions, which in turn caters for competition for jurisdiction. The official logic of the CEAS, however, endorses harmonization, unity and the hierarchy of jurisdictions rather than a competition between jurisdictions. This partially explains the difficulties under the CEAS in organizing the protection of refugees through law. In policy terms, this article supports calls for reconsidering the Dublin Regulation, since through the ‘single jurisdiction’ approach Dublin hampers the legal protection of refugees.
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Doyle, Michael, und Elie Peltz. „Finding Refuge through Employment: Worker Visas as a Complementary Pathway for Refugee Resettlement“. Ethics & International Affairs 34, Nr. 4 (2020): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679420000623.
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AbstractThis essay identifies and explores an underappreciated win-win policy option that has the potential to address both the needs of refugees for resettlement and the labor demand of destination countries. Building upon provisions of the Model International Mobility Convention—a model convention endorsed by dozens of leading migration and refugee experts—and a program pioneered by Talent Beyond Boundaries, we explore how to scale up valuable measures for identifying job opportunities that can resettle refugees from asylum countries to destination countries. The latter can benefit from the labor of refugees and thereby offer long-term refuge for populations in desperate need of resettlement.
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Karim, Mst Umme Habiba Fahmina. „Refugee Education in Bangladesh: A Nation-State Paradox“. Journal of Population and Social Studies 31 (15.06.2023): 762–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv312023.042.
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This article critically analyzes the politically driven exclusion of Rohingya refugees in the national education system of Bangladesh. By employing realist humanitarianism theory, this study examines the inducement of discrimination against refugees in education and the political factors that have influenced such policy choices and formulation in Bangladesh. Qualitative research involving 35 semi-structured interviews produced in-depth information on key informants' experiences, perceptions, and suggestions on refugee education in Bangladesh. This study revealed that excluding refugees from education was a politically plotted decision, and the reason for such exclusion persisted until now because prolonged discrimination against the refugees created local myths about refugees’ eligibility for their human rights to education. The findings of this study provide insights into both academic research and policy analysis in the field of refugee education by highlighting a protracted refugee situation in Bangladesh that political exclusion can create the ambiance to nullify refugees’ human rights to education. The study recommends weighing refugee voices in refugee program design, broader consultation among humanitarian agencies, and policy review to allow refugees to receive formal, official education.
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Webber, Frances. „Refusing refuge“. Race & Class 59, Nr. 3 (27.10.2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396817738439.
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In the face of the worst refugee crisis since the second world war, the leaders of Europe are slamming the doors, enacting exclusionary policies which daily become more brutal. The controversial book Refuge by Collier (ex-World Bank) and Betts (academic in refugee studies) provides, according to the reviewer, their moral justification. Collier and Betts argue that allowing refugees into Europe is wrong and counter-productive, denying states in conflict the people they will need to rebuild post-conflict, and that refugees’ need for dignity and autonomy is best met by extending special economic zones in nearby host countries to provide opportunities for work.
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Dombio, Rose Rosana, und Rose Namara. „Understanding Rural – Urban Migration in Uganda’s Refugee Camps Authors“. African Journal of Governance and Development (AJGD) 13, Nr. 1 (30.07.2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36369/2616-9045/2024/v13i1a1.
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With continued conflicts all over the world, more refugees will continue migrating to countries they consider safe. According to Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and Young Leaders Think Tank (2017), refugees prefer dwelling in urban areas, which can be attributed to the global urbanisation phenomenon. This paper examines the factors influencing rural-urban migration to inform refugee management in urban settings. According to the Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda Refugee Statistics of September 2023, Uganda was host to over 1.5 million refugees, mainly from, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Burundi, Eritrea and Rwanda. These refugees are registered in the rural settlements (refugee camps) as provided for by Uganda’s legal framework on the management of refugees, which framework also only recognises refugees in the capital Kampala as urban refugees. However, the landscape has evolved as some refugees have self-settled in various urban centres across Uganda, rapidly increasing the urban population and stressing urban services. Our study findings in Koboko Municipality show various personal, push and pull factors responsible for the refugees’ decision for rural-urban migration. These factors relate to demographic age, education level, gender, better social services, payable employment, economic activities, and utilisation of skills among others. The findings signal the need to recognise and plan for urban refugees in urban areas other than Kampala City. Urbanisation is a factor in refugee management in Uganda. Keywords: Urban refugee, Rural-urban migration, Koboko municipality, Uganda
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Gatrell, Peter. „Refugees and refugee studies“. Nationalities Papers 45, Nr. 6 (November 2017): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1355359.
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Allan, K. „Engineering - Refugees. Refugee / Engineer“. Engineering & Technology 18, Nr. 6 (01.07.2023): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2023.0620.
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Rüegger, Seraina, und Heidrun Bohnet. „The Ethnicity of Refugees (ER): A new dataset for understanding flight patterns“. Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, Nr. 1 (16.11.2015): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215611865.
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Introducing a new cross-national dataset on the ethnicity of refugees, covering the years 1975–2009, this study analyzes refugee flight patterns. We argue that the asylum destination of refugees is not haphazard but determined by trans-border ethnic linkages. Building on migration theories, we elaborate a theoretical framework for the direction of refugee movements, which includes spatial, temporal and cultural pull factors. The statistical results suggest that refugees flee to nearby countries with ethnic kin populations and a history of accepting other co-ethnic refugees. Thus, sub-national refugee characteristics, such as ethnicity, are essential to understanding the flight direction of refugees.
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المحيسن, Heba Jawdat. „Incompetence in refugee protection under the provisions of the international law“. مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 6, Nr. 29 (30.12.2022): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.m270922.
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This study aims to help the refugees within international law, legal protection for refugees, aspects, the scope of protection, and identify the incompetence. As asylum is one of the most discussed topics as it is considered a burden on the international community, effects it has on the hosted countries, economic, social, and security aspects, studying and analyzing the legal provisions related to refugees in international conventions, especially the Four Geneva conventions and the first and second Additional Protocols since these are the first to organize the principles that limit violations against civilians and refugees. What we have concluded is that international efforts have been established in the field of refugee protection by stipulating their basic rights, which is the right of the individuals to obtain refuge and protection. However, the international community is unable to find realistic and practical solutions to ease of suffering of the refugees, as the obligations and rights imposed are considered satisfactory.
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Deramo, Michele C. „How KANERE Free Press Resists Biopower“. Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, Nr. 1 (06.05.2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40385.
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How does a free press resist state biopower? This article studies the development and dissemination of KANERE Free Press, a refugee-run news source operating in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, that was founded to create “a more open society in refugee camps and to develop a platform for fair public debate on refugee affairs” (KANERE Vision Statement). The analysis of KANERE and its impact on the political subjectivity of refugees living in Kakuma is framed by Foucault’s theory of biopower, the state-sanctioned right to “make live or let die” in its management of human populations. The author demonstrates the force relations between KANERE, its host country of Kenya, and the UNHCR through two ongoing stories covered by KANERE: the broad rejection of the MixMe nutritional supplement and the expressed disdain for the camp’s World Refugees Day celebration. Using ethnographic and decolonizing methodologies, the author privileges the voices and perspectives of the KANERE editors and the Kakuma residents they interviewed in order to provide a ground-level view of refugee’s lived experiences in Kakuma. As KANERE records refugees’ experiences of life in the camp, they construct a narrative community that is simultaneously produced by and resistant to the regulations and control of camp administration and state sovereignty. In doing so, KANERE creates a transgressive space that reaches beyond the confines of the camp.
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Polcher, Kelly, und Susan Calloway. „Addressing the Need for Mental Health Screening of Newly Resettled Refugees“. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 7, Nr. 3 (04.03.2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131916636630.
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Background and Purpose: Refugees resettling to the United States are at increased risk for mental health disorders, which can lead to difficulty with adaptation and poor health outcomes. Standardized mental health screening of refugees is often neglected at primary care and community health clinics. A pilot project aimed to initiate early mental health screening for newly resettled adult refugees was implemented at a community health center in Fargo, North Dakota. Methods: Current refugee screening processes were evaluated to determine appropriate timing for refugee mental health screening. This took into consideration time, staffing, interpreter availability and the refugee “honeymoon” phase following resettlement. The Refugee Health Screener–15 (RHS-15) was identified as an efficient, valid, and reliable tool for assessing emotional distress in this population and was integrated into refugee health screening practices. Results: The RHS-15 was administered to 178 adult refugees with arrival dates between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014. Of those screened, 51 (28.6%) screened positive for risk of emotional distress. Follow-up with primary care provider was completed with 30 (59%) of those who screened positive. Half (15) requested mental health treatment. Although the largest group of refugees during this period of time were resettling from Bhutan, refugees from Iraq had greater incidence of positive screening compared with those from Bhutan. Refugees from Iraq were also found to have significantly higher scores on the RHS-15. Conclusions: Although there are some challenges to implementing a standardized mental health screening for refugees, this pilot reiterates the need for standardized mental health screening of refugees. Routine mental health screening should be a part of the overall comprehensive health assessment provided to refugees nationwide. Considerations should be taken in regards to how refugees from Iraq have even greater risk of mental health disorders compared to other refugee groups.
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Qazi Zada, Sebghatullah, Nasrullah Nasrullah, Dwilani Irrynta und Mohd Ziaolhaq Qazi Zada. „The Fall of Afghanistan: Can the Refugee Protection Regime Handle the New Refugee Wave?“ Indonesian Comparative Law Review 6, Nr. 2 (29.06.2024): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/iclr.v6i2.22369.
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The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan on August 15, 2021, triggered a significant refugee crisis. By mid-2022, 2.8 million Afghan refugees were registered internationally, primarily in Pakistan and Iran, and by 2023, 4.3 million Afghans were internally displaced. Many at-risk Afghans were left behind as US-led forces withdrew. Despite resettlement efforts, many threatened by the Taliban remain excluded, as the Taliban targets former military, NGO workers, and Afghan government officials. Daily migration to Iran and Pakistan surged, with many seeking refuge through Iran to Turkey and Europe. This paper examines whether the current refugee protection mechanism can manage this influx. Using a normative legal research method, it analyzes secondary data from books, journals, reports, and documents, providing historical context on Afghan politics and displacement. It critically evaluates the international refugee protection regime, identifying gaps and shortcomings, particularly the lack of a binding responsibility-sharing mechanism. This has resulted in poorer nations hosting a disproportionate number of refugees, necessitating a commitment from the international community to address this inequity. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to improve the global response to the Afghan refugee crisis, emphasizing the need for equitable responsibility-sharing to enhance protection for Afghan refugees.
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Saner, Raymond, Lichia Yiu und Laurel Rush. „Population ageing and a lack of semi-skilled workers in Switzerland“. Career Development International 25, Nr. 1 (14.08.2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-11-2018-0275.
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Purpose The question being discussed in this paper is how can refugees be integrated into a host country’s labour market with Switzerland serving as a case example experiencing specific local challenges, such as an aging society and gaps in the labour market, particularly relating to semi-skilled jobs in the public sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines Switzerland’s intake of refugees and analyses existing refugee and labour market policies and how the integration process is being managed by the authorities and responded to by Swiss citizens. Findings The analysis shows that refugees can potentially find jobs in all three segments of the Swiss labour market (highly skilled, semi-skilled and low-skilled labour) and provide mutually beneficial solutions for all parties concerned that include: for refugees seeking employment and asylum; for the aging population requiring care delivered by low- and semi-skilled workforce; and for public and private sector enterprises in need of qualified and motivated labour force. Originality/value This paper examines the interplay between refugees seeking work and demonstrates the importance of relating job entry by refuges with actual labour market constraints and opportunities of the host country, Switzerland.