Thematische Bibliographien / Refugees – Housing – Great Britain

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Refugees – Housing – Great Britain“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an

Wählen Sie eine Art der Quelle aus:

Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain" bekannt.

Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.

Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Vatamanyuk, Anastasiya. „Spain's benefits in providing refugees with social services“. Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, Nr. 39 (16.06.2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.110-115.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The main idea of the article is survey the conditions provided by Spain the EU countries for migrants, especially Spain.. It reporters that government of EU countries gives different social aids for people seeking a sylum. First, author describes different social sources from EU countries such as Germany, Sweden, Italy, Greek, France and Great Britany. The article highlights issues such as the provision of temporary housing for refugees, cash benefits, employment opportunities and medical services. Then, particularly closely, author considers that migrants might have many benefits provided by the Spanish Government for refugees and for migrants with outrefugee status to compare with other countries. It spokes in detail about conditions for obtaining refugee status, penalties in case of violation of the law by illegal migrants and the conditions of their detention, medical and legal services, language courses, accommodations, and soon. In addition, the articles notes about help for minor children. To sum up, author stressed that migrants should be research for conditions of giving aids, rules and mentality of country for currently time. Keywords: refugees, Spain, migrants, EU countries, social services, humanitarian status.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Davis, Gerald H., und Gerhard Hirschfeld. „Exile in Great Britain: Refugees from Hitler's Germany“. German Studies Review 9, Nr. 1 (Februar 1986): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1429135.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Carr, W. „Exile in Great Britain. Refugees from Hitler's Germany“. German History 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.1985): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/2.1.67.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Varady, David P. „Local housing plans: Learning from Great Britain“. Housing Policy Debate 7, Nr. 2 (01.01.1996): 253–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1996.9521222.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Kemp, Peter A. „Housing Benefit: Great Britain in Comparative Perspective“. Public Finance and Management 6, Nr. 1 (März 2006): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210600600104.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Britain has a relatively unusual housing allowance scheme compared with those in many other countries. It is also one that has experienced many problems and attracted much criticism. the Labour Government is currently introducing a radical reform of the scheme, which aims to tackle its many problems. the purpose of this article is to consider the British scheme and its planned replacement in comparative perspective. It is argued that, although the new scheme will tackle some of the design faults of the current scheme, other difficulties will be left untouched and important problems with the administration of housing benefit will therefore remain. the new scheme will also be unusual by comparison with housing allowances in other countries, but in a different way from the scheme it is due to replace.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Murphy, M. J. „Differential family formation in Great Britain“. Journal of Biosocial Science 19, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1987): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017107.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

SummaryDifferentials in variables concerned with the timing, number, and distribution of fertility by a wide range of socioeconomic, attitudinal, inherited and housing characteristics from the British Family Formation Survey are reported. Variables associated with the couple's housing history and the wife's employment career are becoming more strongly associated with demographic differentials among younger cohorts than traditionally-based ones such as religion or region of residence. Cluster analysis techniques show which groups of family formation variables are strongly associated with particular types of non-demographic ones, and a natural grouping of explanatory variables is derived. The implications of these conclusions for data collection in demographic surveys are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

HALYTSKA, Maiia, und Yuliia HRYSHCHUK. „SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF UKRAINIAN REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN“. Humanities science current issues 1, Nr. 65 (2023): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/65-1-47.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Miziniak, Helena. „Polish Community in Great Britain“. Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (20.12.2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.5s.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The article presents the activity of Poles in Great Britain in the 20th century, beginning with the end of World War II, when a large group of Polish refugees and veterans settled in the UK. In 1947, the Federation of Poles was established to represent Polish community in Great Britain. The Association of Polish Women (1946) and the Relief Society for Poles (1946) were also formed at the same time. The article shows the involvement of the Polish community in Great Britain in the context of Polish history. This involvement included the organisation of anti-communist protests, carrying out various actions to inform people about the situation in Poland, organising material aid, supporting Poland at the time of the system transformation, and supporting Poland’s accession to the European Union. Over the decades, the Polish community in Great Britain has managed to set up numerous veterans’ and social organisations, Polish schools, it also built churches in order to preserve Polish culture abroad.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Bingley, Paul, und Ian Walker. „Housing Subsidies and Work Incentives in Great Britain“. Economic Journal 111, Nr. 471 (01.04.2001): C86—C103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00621.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Smith, Joan. „Housing, Homelessness, and Mental Health in Great Britain“. International Journal of Mental Health 34, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 22–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2005.11043399.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Horne, Fiona. „Explaining British Refugee Policy, March 1938 - July 1940“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1043.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The twentieth century has aptly been referred to the century of the refugee.1 In the twentieth century, refugees became an important international problem which seriously affected relations between states and refugee issues continue to play an important part in international relations in the twenty-first century. The refugee crisis created by the Nazis in the 1930s was without precedent and the British government was unsure how to respond. British refugee policy was still in a formative stage and was therefore susceptible to outside influences. This dissertation aims to explain the key factors that drove British refugee policy in the period March 1938 to July 1940, and to evaluate their relative significance over time. I divided the period of study into three phases (March-September 1938, October 1938 to August 1939, September 1939 to July 1940), in order to explore how a range of factors varied in importance in a political and international environment that was rapidly changing. In considering how to respond to the refugee crisis, the British government was hugely influenced by concerns over its relations with other countries, especially Germany. There is little doubt that, during the entire period of this study, the primary influence on the formation and implementation of British refugee policy was the international situation. However, foreign policy did not by itself dictate the precise form taken by British refugee policy. The response of the British government was modulated by economic concerns, domestic political factors, humanitarianism, and by the habits, traditions and assumptions of British political culture. Some factors, like anti-Semitism became less important during the period of this study, while others like humanitarianism increased in importance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Bryant, Marlene L. „Council housing sales in Great Britain : marginalization or cooptation“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71369.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 70-74.
by Marlene L. Bryant.
M.C.P.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Paris, Chris. „Social theory and housing policy“. Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130120.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Hodson, Christopher G. „Refugees Acadians and the social history of empire, 1755-1785“. View this thesis online, 2004. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Kern, Steven. „Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria in the British Army, 1939-45“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12964/.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

This thesis fills a significant gap in secondary literature on the role of Jewish refugee soldiers from Germany and Austria, who served in the British army during the Second World War, 1939-45. It goes further than any previous specialised works in this area by examining the social issues surrounding the refugee soldier's experiences in the army, such as their relationship with British soldiers and their personal attitudes towards the policies of the War Office. There are few surviving documentary sources specifically detailing the service of refugees. To compensate this there has been an emphasis on the gathering of oral testimonies. These interviews, conducted by the author, provided the opportunity to analyse crucial issues left unanswered within other documentary sources, principally the underlying theme of the refugees' religious and national identities. This study examines the development of the refugees' identities from their experiences under Nazi rule, to their service In the British army and eventual naturalisation as British citizens. The thesis is organized into eight chapters. Each analyses key moments and dilemmas experienced during the refugee servicemen's army service. This study demonstrates the dynamic interplay that existed between the refugees' own sense of self, and that which was held by the government in power. It also examines the perception of refugees held by British born soldiers and the general civilian population. These interactions were crucial in determining the lives of these men. The thesis concludes by illustrating that the refugees' Jewish and national identities altered considerably as a consequence of their wartime experiences, and that the British War Office largely remained needlessly suspicious of the refugee soldiers throughout much of the war.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Karp, Mackenzie. „Ethic Lost: Brutalism and the Regeneration of Social Housing Estates in Great Britain“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19319.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Between the late 1940s and the 1970s, the New Brutalism attempted to establish an ethical architecture befitting post-World War II Britain. For this reason, it became a popular style for public buildings, including social housing. Brutalist social housing estates were conceived by progressive post-war architects to house Britain’s neediest. Through an analysis of the utopian roots of Brutalism and the decline of the style and its ethic in scholarship and popular culture, I analyze the current redevelopment of three seminal Brutalist housing estates and the rediscovery of the Brutalist aesthetic by contemporary scholars and consumers alike. In this thesis, I argue that due to multiple factors, including a housing shortage across Britain, rising real-estate values and a general consumer interest in mid-century design, these estates are undergoing such regenerations. My thesis enhances our understanding of how social and political influences have shaped post-war British social housing up to the present.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Chung, Chik-leung, und 鍾藉良. „Privatization of public housing in Hong Kong: a comparison with the privatization of council housing in the UK“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894471.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Jones, Thomas Chewning. „French republican exiles in Britain, 1848-1870“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609095.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Vo, Quyen. „The scope of British refugee asylum, 1933-93“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609586.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Booth, Adam Thomas. „Handling uncertainty in the retrofit analysis of the UK housing stock“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648150.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Mehr Quellen

Bücher zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Great, Britain Department for Transport Local Government and the Regions. Housing statistics, Great Britain. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Camp, Sheila. The Housing Act, 1988: A guide for housing associations. London: National Federation of Housing Associations, 1989.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Britain, Great. Housing Act 1988. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1988.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Britain, Great. Housing Act 1988. London: Shaw, 1989.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy., Hrsg. Accounting for housing in Great Britain. London: Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy, 1995.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Great Britain. Scottish Office Environment Department. Housing (Scotland) Act 1988: Housing associations, secure and assured tenancies. Edinburgh: The Department, 1993.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Rodgers, C. P. Housing - the new law: A guide to the Housing Act 1988. London: Butterworths, 1989.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Housing and Support Services for Asylum Seekers and Refugees: A Good Practice Guide. Chartered Institute of Housing, 2003.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Home Office: National Asylum Support Service: The Provision of Accommodation for Asylum Seekers. Stationary Office, 2005.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Britain, Great. Housing and Construction Statistics, Great Britain (Housing & Construction Statistics, Great Britain). Stationery Office Books, 1996.

Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Mehr Quellen

Buchteile zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Hallett, Graham, und Richard Williams. „Great Britain“. In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 114–52. 4. Aufl. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-7.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Lundqvist, Lennart J. „Great Britain: Council House Sales and their Effects“. In Housing Policy and Equality, 84–133. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003368809-3.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Hirschfeld, Gerhard. „German refugee scholars in Great Britain, 1933-1945“. In Refugees in the Age of Total War, 152–63. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003211709-9.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Reboul, Juliette. „Émigrés, Refugees and Emigrants“. In French Emigration to Great Britain in Response to the French Revolution, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57996-2_1.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Person, Katarzyna. „‘A CONSTRUCTIVE FORM OF HELP’: VOCATIONAL TRAINING AS A FORM OF REHABILITATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN, 1939-1948“. In Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (2011), herausgegeben von Daniel R. Langton und Renate Smithuis, 84–95. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463235529-004.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

„Autobiography in Exile: The Reflections of Women Refugees from Nazism in British exile, 1933–1945“. In German-speaking Exiles in Great Britain, 1–21. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004475090_003.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Laqua, Daniel. „Belgian exiles, the British and the Great War: the Birtley Belgians of Elisabethville“. In Belgian Refugees in First World War Britain, 13–31. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315100159-2.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Grenville, Anthony. „The Integration of Aliens: The Early Years of the Association of Jewish Refugees Information, 1946-50“. In German-Speaking Exiles in Great Britain, 1–23. BRILL, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004617933_003.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

„‘Fight for Freedom’: A Vansittartist Network of Rightwing German Socialists in Great Britain (1941–1945)“. In Networks of Refugees from Nazi Germany, 59–88. Brill | Rodopi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004322738_005.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Crane, Ken R. „Work, Autonomy, Belonging“. In Iraqi Refugees in the United States, 25–42. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479873944.003.0003.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Iraqi refugees arrived in the US at the onset of the Great Recession, just as the economic base of the Inland Empire—housing construction—had collapsed. This chapter follows several working- and middle-class Iraqi families through their economic difficulties and adjustment struggles. The most pressing theme to emerge in their narrative is the frustration of unemployment. Refugees are not granted entry based on employment eligibility or labor-recruitment criteria, yet refugee-resettlement programs, beginning in the 1970s with refugees from Southeast Asia, have been justified in terms of achieving economic self-reliance. Iraqi youths reflect on the meaning of economic success in America—the “money country”—and worry that the preoccupation with economic success could tear families apart.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Mikaelyan, Maria. „POST-WAR HOUSING IN GREAT BRITAIN: HISTORICAL PREMISES, GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES AND CULTURAL TENDENCIES“. In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb51/s17.026.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Nezhadmasoum, Sanaz, und Nevter Zafer Comert. „Historic-geographical and Typo-morphological assessment of Lefke town, North Cyprus“. In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6254.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Historic-geographical and Typo-morphological assessment of Lefke town, North Cyprus Sanaz Nezhadmasoum¹, Nevter Zafer Comert² Department of Architecture. Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta. North Cyprus.Via Mersin 10. Turkey E-mail: sanaz.nezhadmasoum@gmail.com, nzafer@gmail.com Keywords: Historic-geographic approach, Typo-morphology, Urban form, Lefke town Conference topics and scale: Urban morphological methods and techniques Morphological analysis in cities have been employed to conduct the research on the urban form and fabric of the place, that helps to determine the conservation plans or strategies of towns that reveal clues to their own history (Whithand,2001). Such analysis methods are a process that reviews the evolution and evaluation of towns throughout history. This paper focuses on, Conzen’s and Caniggia’s ideas, MRG Conzen’s historic-geographical approaches (1968) on planning level and Caniggia’s typo-morphological process (2001) on architectural level. Those methodologies help to understand the transformation procedure of different regions of city throughout the years and recovering how the city elements and urban hierarchy are interrelated. Additionally, the focus of this paper is to study the town’s morphological transformations, regarding its spatial, geographical and historical combinations. Within this context, Geographical and historical surveys done on the whole town of Lefke, in north-west Cyprus, and a detailed explanation on the typo-morphological analyses of some particular regions will be given in this article. One of the significant character that makes the town unique is its historical background which lay down with an organic urban pattern from Ottoman period. Lefke town was first formed with a medieval character, and through centuries of functional and physical transformations, has been highly influenced by British extensions, which were either prearranged modifications affected by socio- natural, economic, and political situations, or instinctive and spontaneous changes. All these historical factors, along with its geographical features, make Lefke an interesting case to be studied with an urban typo-morphological approach. References Caniggia G, Maffei G., 2001, Interpreing Basic building Architectural composition and building typology Alinea editrice, Firenze, Italy Cömert, N. Z., & Hoskara, S. O. (2013) ‘A typo-morphological study: the CMC industrial mass housing district, lefke, northern cyprus’, Open House International, 38(2), 16-30. Conzen, M. R. G. (1968) ‘The use of town plans in the study of urban history’, in Dyos, H. J. (ed.) The study of urban history (Edward Arnold, London) 113-30. Larkham, P. J. (2006) ‘The study of urban form in Great Britain’, Urban Morphology, 10(2), 117. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field’, Urban morphology, 1(1), 3-10. Whitehand, J. W. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenion tradition’, Urban Morphology, 5(2), 103-109.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Refugees – Housing – Great Britain"

Szałańska, Justyna, Justyna Gać, Ewa Jastrzębska, Paweł Kubicki, Paulina Legutko-Kobus, Marta Pachocka, Joanna Zuzanna Popławska und Dominik Wach. Country report: Poland. Welcoming spaces in relation to social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability in shrinking regions. Welcoming Spaces Consortium, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/welcoming_spaces_2022.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

This report aims to present findings of the research conducted in Poland within the Work Package 1 of the Welcoming Spaces project, namely “Welcoming spaces” in relation to economic viability, social wellbeing and political stability in shrinking regions. The main aim of the mentioned research was to examine how welcoming initiatives are organised and implemented in the selected shrinking localities in Poland. In particular, the creation of welcoming initiatives concerning social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability was assessed. To accomplish this objective, five localities were selected purposefully, namely Łomża (city with powiat status) and Zambrów (urban commune) in Podlaskie Voivodeship and Łuków (town), Wohyń (rural commune) and Zalesie (rural commune) in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Within these localities, 23 welcoming initiatives were identified, out of which 12 were chosen for in-depth research. The field research was conducted in all five localities between March and December 2021. During this period, the SGH Warsaw School of Economics team conducted 43 interviews with institutional stakeholders (representatives of local governments, schools, non-governmental organisations – NGOs, religious organisations and private companies) and individuals (both migrant newcomers and native residents). In addition, local government representatives were surveyed to compare their policies, measures and stances toward migrant inhabitants and local development. The research was also complemented with the literature review, policy documents analysis, and local media outlets discourse analysis. Until February 2022 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, welcoming spaces in Poland were scarce and spatially limited to the big cities like Warsaw, Cracow, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin or Białystok, governed by liberal mayors and city councils open to accept migrants and treat them as a valuable human asset of the city community. However, in smaller cities, towns and rural areas, especially in shrinking regions, welcoming spaces have been highly conditioned by welcoming initiatives carried out mainly by civil society organisations (CSOs). It is very likely that the war in Ukraine will completely change the situation we write about in this country report. However, this crisis and its consequences were not the subjects of our desk research and fieldwork in Poland, which ended in December 2021. As of late July 2022, the number of border crossings from Ukraine to Poland is almost 5 million and the number of forced migrants registered for temporary protection or similar national protection scheme concern 1.3 million people (UNHCR 2022). However, the number of those who have decided to stay in Poland is estimated at around 1.5 million (Duszczyk and Kaczmarczyk 2022). Such a large influx of forced migrants from Ukraine within five months already affects the demographic situation in the country and access to public services, mainly in large and medium-size cities1 . Depending on the development of events in Ukraine and the number of migrants who will decide to stay in Poland in the following months, the functioning of the domestic labour market, education, health service, and social assistance may significantly change. The following months may also bring new changes in the law relating to foreigners, aimed at their easier integration in the country. Access to housing in cities is already a considerable challenge, which may result in measures to encourage foreigners to settle in smaller towns and rural areas. Given these dynamic changes in the migration situation of the country, as well as in the area of admission and integration activities, Poland seems to be slowly becoming one great welcoming space. It is worth mentioning that the main institutional actors in this area have been NGOs and local governments since the beginning of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. An important supporting and coordinating role has also been played by international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which launched its inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) in early spring to address the most urgent needs of the population of forced migrants and their host countries in this part of Europe (UNHCR 2022a; UNHCR 2022b; UNHCR 2022c). Based on the number of newly emerged welcoming initiatives and the pace of this emergence, they will soon become an everyday reality for every municipality in Poland. Therefore, it is difficult to find more up-todate circumstances for the “Welcoming Spaces” project objective, which is “to rethink ways forward in creating inclusive space in such a way that it will contribute firstly to the successful integration of migrants in demographically and economically shrinking areas and simultaneously to the revitalization of these places”. Furthermore, the initiatives we selected as case studies for our research should be widely promoted and treated as a model of migrants’ inclusion into the new communities. On the other hand, we need to emphasize here that the empirical material was collected between March and December 2021, before the outbreak of war in Ukraine. As such, it does not reflect the new reality in Poland

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Wir bieten Rabatte auf alle Premium-Pläne für Autoren, deren Werke in thematische Literatursammlungen aufgenommen wurden. Kontaktieren Sie uns, um einen einzigartigen Promo-Code zu erhalten!