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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Réfrigération et appareils frigorifiques – Consommation d'énergie“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Réfrigération et appareils frigorifiques – Consommation d'énergie"
Saheb, Yamina. „Interaction énergétique bâtiment-équipement : expérimentation et modélisation“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilveira, Josemar. „Etude thermo-économique des machines frigorifiques à compression de vapeur“. Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe optimisation of a refrigeration compression machine or a heat pump is based on the analysis of the thermodynamic cycle and the determination of the irreversibility sources. This exergy method can be refined by including the optimisation of economical parameters. Such a method is called thermos economic method. It consists to relate a lead function to each component of the cycle. Thereafter the unit cost of these essergy products is optimised for each components first and then for the whole system. The objectives were first to evaluate, from the exergy view point and for simple cycles, the efficiency of various refrigerants. Second, a complete modelisation of a refrigeration compression machine was to be developed so as to propose a thermo economic model. This model is able to give the resources, the essergy products of each components of the machine, the investment and exploitation costs. Finally the thermo economic analysis is demonstrated by its application to a particular refrigeration machine
Duplessis, Bruno. „Mise en œuvre des contrats de performance énergétique pour l'amélioration des installations de production d'eau glacée“. Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnergy performance contracting is a contract form for energy services in which providers take over the financing of projects for facilities improvement by paying themselves through the energy savings generated. The use of such contracts, which are deemed particularly effective, is highlighted in the contents of European and national public policies for demand-side management. As such, energy performance contracts are expected to take part of existing devices for energy efficiency improvement, particularly in the context of white certificates systems and public tools for the improvement of the national and local governments heritage. However, their implementation depends on the development of suitable protocols for assessing the energy performance of facilities, especially when their performance depend on various parameters such as the chilled water plants. After having highlighted the energy efficiency carried by energy performance contracting, this thesis analyzes the technical obstacles in the way of such contracts implementation. Then, a suitable protocol for assessing typical improvements of chilled water plants is proposed by coupling modeling tools and on-site measurement procedures. Finally, we propose some adjustments of this protocol in order to enable the integration of typical improvements of chilled water plants under the white certificates systems, which seem to consider only elementary and easily reproducible projects
Ben, Abdallah Ronia. „Intégration des matériaux à changement de phase dans les meubles frigorifiques de vente pour améliorer leur effcicacité énergétique et leur flexiblité“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is admitted that the integration of phase change material (PCM) in refrigeration systems has the potential to increase their flexibility, to stabilize product temperatures and in some cases to reduce their energy consumption. This study is about the impact of PCM used in a display cabinet. Two experimental set-ups are presented: the first one is an open display cabinet and the second one a closed display cabinet. A numerical model has been also developed and used to check the feasibility of PCM integration and evaluate its impact on the display cabinet. In addition, a parametric study have been carried out to highlight the importance of a display cabinet optimization after the insertion of PCM. Besides, PCM application in supermarket scenarios are discussed. The main results show the feasibility of PCM insertion, a significant increase of its thermal inertia, and the possibility to keep the compressor off during a few hours without temperature abuse for the products
Aaraj, Youssef. „Étude et simulations d’une turbine de détente diphasique“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA two-phase turbine used to replace the usual expander in a refrigeration system needs a nozzle/expander to transform the flow enthalpy into kinetic energy. Replacing the isenthalpic expansion by the isentropic one, increases the coefficient of performance of refrigeration system up to 20% for the same compressor input power. During this transformation, the static pressure of the flow decreases and a phase change occurs at the nozzle throat. The expanding and flashing flow in the convergent and divergent parts of a nozzle is analytically studied and then simulated using the CFD software Fluent 13. A separate evaporation model is added to the fluid dynamics algorithms in Fluent 13 in order to create the phase change inside the nozzle. The evaporation model is based on the classical theory of nucleation and on experimental results: it calculates the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the wall cavities and the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the presence of vapor bubbles in the flow. The turbine is composed of the designed nozzles and a rotor that recovers the kinetic energy of the two-phase flow and transforms it into torque. The geometry of the rotor components is designed to provide mechanical integrity and high efficiency. The design takes into consideration the flow behavior inside the rotor, the power loss due to drag force, and many other factors. Fluent 13 is used to study the flow inside the rotor buckets and to estimate the power loss due to drag force. The turbine calculated efficiency is verified by testing a two-phase turbine in a water chiller having a refrigeration capacity of 700 kW
Liu, Yang. „Multicaloric effect in ferroic materials“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolid-state caloric materials, which undergo an adiabatic temperature change or isothermal entropy change when some external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, stress and pressure) is applied or withdrawn, are promising for solid-state refrigeration, as an alternative to hazardous gases used in conventional cooling devices invented a hundred years ago. Given that the highly refined vapor-compression refrigeration systems asymptotically approach their theoretical efficiency limit in addition to the concern on environment, there has been a recent upsurge in worldwide search for new refrigeration solution which is economical and environmentally friendly. The most prominent calorics are ferroically ordered materials (ferroelectric, ferroelastic and ferromagnetic/antiferromagentic) that often exhibit giant caloric effects near their ferroic transitions. In this thesis, we present our theoretical and experimental results on electrocaloric effect, elastocaloric effect, barocaloric effect and magnetocaloric effect in different ferroic materials. Our findings show that all these caloric effects may appear promising with low environmental impact. We address ferroelectrics emerging as ideal materials which permit both giant elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric responses near room temperature. For the first time, we find a large negative electrocaloric effect in antiferroelectric thin films and we propose a new mechanism to understand the caloric response in antiferroics including antiferroelectric and antiferromagentic. In addition, for the first time using Infra-red camera we carry out spatially-resolved measurement on electrocaloric effect in multilayer capacitors, one of the most studied systems which are regarded as the most promising electrocaloric prototype. Our findings provide the first direct experimental evidence on the electrocaloric heat flux both temporally and spatially in a specific electrocaloric device. Moreover, for the first time, we design a multicaloric refrigeration cycle combining electrocaloric effect with elastocaloric/magentocaloric effects bridged by ferroelectric materials. We realized such mutlicaloric cycle to solve a real and longstanding problem, i.e., a large hysteresis that impeded reversibility in an otherwise promising magnetocaloric material FeRh discovered almost 26 years ago. We hope that this thesis will not only provide a useful background to fundamentally understand the solid-state caloric effect in ferroics and what we are really measuring, but also may act as a practical guide to exploit and develop ferrocalorics towards design of suitable devices
Vendé, Pierre-Emmanuel. „Incidence de l'implémentation d'un système de pulvérisation de gouttelettes d'eau sur l'efficacité d'un groupe de production de froid embarqué“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS463.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpraying the air condenser of a refrigerating unit increases the heat exchange thanks to the evaporation of water in the air or on the wall, which increases the cooling capacity and decreases the compression work. This phenomenon is applied to the automotive context in order to lower the additional fuel consumption induced by the air conditioning when the vehicle is stopped or is at low speed. A self-sufficient, low-energy, space-saving spraying device was thus implemented in order to impact the condenser of the air conditioning system of a vehicle. A sizing study showed that the spraying device should not consume more than 1 kg.h-1 recovered from the condensates on the evaporator. The studied nozzles (hollow cone and flat fan) were therefore chosen according to this criterion. The condenser of the refrigerating unit was isolated in an experimental device to characterize and optimize the water spraying effect. A thermal analysis method of impacted surfaces has been developed to characterize the clogging phenomenon as the heat is exchanged mainly by the surface impact of the exchanger followed by the water film evaporation. For the long term spraying, 17 % clogging area of the exchanger front surface induces 45 % additional pressure drop and around 25 % degradation in the heat transfer. But clogging can be beneficial and store thermal energy when the spraying time does not exceed 25 minutes. Finally, at the end of the study, the spraying device was implemented on the vehicle and first tests showed a real gain brought by spraying, which is encouraging for a possible industrialization of the device
Casetta, Damien. „Modèle d'aide à la conduite de réseaux de froid“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCooling demand management of commercial buildings can contribute to limit global warming below 2°C. District cooling is an energy-efficient option. However, improving operational performance is of great importance to ensure and increase its competitive advantages. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of a decision-support tool for daily operation of district cooling networks. Challenges lie at two levels: diversity of decisions to be taken and complexity of physical phenomena involved. The original aspect of our work is to propose a methodology to improve chillers and cooling towers control, differential pressure management and dispatching between production plants with variable efficiency. Our developments are applied to the district cooling of Paris-Bercy, operated by Climespace. First; a model featuring a physical description of chilled-water production plants, distribution network and buildings substations, is developed. In particular, a semi-empirical model with identified parameters is modified to compute non-nominal characteristics of centrifugal chillers. The system model is validated against an independent dataset. Then, the model is used to find optimized controls from cooling loads forecast. The proposed methodology is sequential: pre-computation of optimal set-points at plant level and then generation of quadratic plant models to solve the dispatching optimization problem at each time step. Differential pressure is minimized with a simulation-based tracking of the critical substation. To conclude, electricity consumption reduction with optimized controls is evaluated during a summer week
Wu, Jing. „Modélisation dynamique d’un système couplé pompe à chaleur – stockage thermique par matériaux à changement de phase : approche systémique et validation expérimentale“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10167/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the area of buildings refrigeration, the use of thermal energy storage coupled with heat pump is a significant way for reducing the operating costs and optimizing the design of equipment. A prototype of refrigeration-PCM (Phase Change Material) energy storage system is built and implemented within the framework of the project ACLIRSYS (Advanced Control for Low Inertia Refrigeration Systems), funded by the French National Research Agency. The objective of my PhD thesis is to propose a dynamical physical model for the complete system. Within the evaporator and condenser of the heat pump, the refrigerant can be liquid, vapor or mixture of both, while the storage media can be solid, liquid or a mixture of both. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the discrete events associated to phase changes in order to solve the energy and mass balances in different configurations. In this work, static models are used for the compressor and the expansion valve of the heat pump. The heat exchangers of the heat pump and the storage models are based on a representation of the fluid flows by a cascade of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). In order to assure the continuity of system evolution, the switching mechanism between different configurations is established. This switching is performed by matrix operations, which permit to achieve a global and very compact representation of the system. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant and their partial derivatives are analytically determined by using an equation of state. Two versions of the model for the storage are proposed. A simplified version where the supercooling is assumed to take place at a constant temperature and a more detailed version based on the population balance equations. Experimental data from the prototype has been used to validate the developed model. Experiments in transient states were performed by varying the operating conditions. These date relate to the functioning of the heat pump alone, the storage alone and the coupled system. A very good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data was obtained