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CAPARRÓS, ALEJANDRO, PAOLA OVANDO, JOSÉ L. OVIEDO und PABLO CAMPOS. „Accounting for carbon in avoided degradation and reforestation programmes in Mediterranean forests“. Environment and Development Economics 16, Nr. 4 (10.03.2010): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x10000082.
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ABSTRACTAfter reviewing the Kyoto Protocol rules for carbon sequestration accounting and the different carbon accounting methods proposed in the literature for forest management, for reforestation and, more recently, for avoided deforestation or degradation, we discuss possible carbon accounting rules for a post-Kyoto world. We then apply the results of this discussion to micro-applications in an Annex I country (Spain) and in a non-Annex I country (Tunisia), comparing avoided degradation with reforestation alternatives. In both areas we focus on Mediterranean forest, one of the world's hotspots of biodiversity. We calculate CO2 break-even prices, including in the analysis not only commercial values, but also, where these are relevant, existing subsidies. We also investigate social preferences for avoided degradation and reforestation using stated preference methods. Our results support the convenience of a change in focus for European Union subsidies from reforestation to avoided degradation.
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Podorozhniak, Andrii, Daniil Onishchenko, Nataliia Liubchenko und Denys Grynov. „PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF U-NET AND LINKNET WITH DIFFERENT ENCODERS FOR REFORESTATION DETECTION“. Advanced Information Systems 8, Nr. 1 (26.02.2024): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2024.1.10.
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The subject of study is analysis of performance of artificial intelligence systems with different architectures for reforestation detection. The goal is to implement, train and evaluate system with different models for deforestation and reforestation detection. The tasks are to study problems and potential solutions in forestry for reforestation detection and present own solution. As part of model comparison, results are presented for different artificial neural network architectures with different encoders. For training and testing purpose custom dataset was created, which includes different areas of territory of Ukraine within different timestamps. Main research methods are literature analysis, experiment and case study. As a result of analysis of modern artificial intelligence methods, machine learning, deep learning and convolutional neural networks, high-precision algorithms U-Net and LinkNet were chosen for system implementation. Conclusions. The studied problem was stated formally and broken down in smaller steps; possible solutions were studied and proposed solution was described in details. Necessary mathematical background for analysis of the performance was provided. As part of the development, accurate deforestation/reforestation module was created. All analysis results were listed and a comparison of the studied algorithms was presented.
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Rachmat, Henti Hendalastuti, Kirsfianti Linda Ginoga, Yunita Lisnawati, Asep Hidayat, Rinaldi Imanuddin, Rizki Ary Fambayun, Kusumadewi Sri Yulita und Arida Susilowati. „Generating Multifunctional Landscape through Reforestation with Native Trees in the Tropical Region: A Case Study of Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor, Indonesia“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 21 (28.10.2021): 11950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111950.
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Gunung Dahu Research Forest (GDRF) is a 250 ha tropical degraded land reforested by native dipterocarps species. The reforestation success was valued by evaluating the planted trees’ growth performance, their potential timber stock, natural regeneration capacity, soil improvement, biological interdependence, and environmental services. This scientific report used a combination of literature review and also primary data processing to describe the reforestation success within the area. A hilly species of Shorea platyclados showed the best growth performance with its average diameter and height of 43 cm and 23 m, respectively, with its mean diameter annual increment of 2.1 cm/year and the predicted standing stock at 220 m3/ha. Six Shorea species were identified to show their natural regeneration capacity and the occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies, predominantly by the genus Rusula, determined the establishment of biological interdependency at the site. Reforestation improved soil organic matters as revealed by high soil porosity (51.06–52.32%) and infiltration rate (120–155.33 mm/h). The reforested landscape also ensures a continuous water supply and provides an economic benefit for the community. Thus, planting native trees for reforesting degraded tropical landscapes is prospective and may deliver multiple benefits in an ecological and economic view.
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Jusuf, Efraim, und Fermanto Lianto. „PENERAPAN TEKTONIKA DAN BANGUNAN MODULAR DALAM PERANCANGAN PROYEK PENGAWASAN DAN REBOISASI HUTAN BEKAS TERBAKAR“. Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, Nr. 2 (03.02.2022): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12488.
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The phenomenon that occurs is the amount of deforestation that occurs due to forest fires during the dry season, making forest areas dry. That makes a lot of forest land that has been burned to be barren without reforestation. So that the loss of biodiversity in the forest area and damage the existing ecosystem. A project is needed to reforest burnt forest land to minimize biodiversity loss and even restore it. The research method focused on the literature related to deforestation. The design method applied is based on tectonic principles and focuses on the Knock-down system to maximize reforestation on the forest land. In addition, applying Kevin Lynch's principles in the context of the city into the forest becomes a new thought in designing a reforestation project. The presence of a reforestation project and monitoring of burned forests are expected to be an example to minimize the loss of biodiversity and even restore it so that the forest ecosystem that supports human life can survive and not be lost. Keywords: deforestation; reforestation; tectonic; knock-downAbstrakFenomena yang terjadi merupakan banyaknya deforestasi yang terjadi akibat kebakaran hutan saat musim kemarau yang membuat kawasan hutan menjadi kering. Hal ini membuat banyaknya lahan hutan yang bekas terbakar menjadi tandus tanpa dilakukannya reboisasi kembali. Sehingga hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati yang ada kawasan hutan itu dan merusak ekosistem yang ada. Diperlukannya suatu proyek untuk mereboisasi lahan hutan bekas terbakar untuk meminimalisir hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan bahkan mengembalikannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan difokuskan melalui literatur-literatur yang berhubungan dengan deforestasi. Metode desain yang diterapkan berdasarkan pada prinsip tektonik dan juga berfokus pada sistem bongkar pasang sehingga dapat memaksimalkan reboisasi pada lahan hutan tersebut. Selain itu menerapkan prinsip Kevin Lynch dalam konteks kota ke dalam hutan menjadi suatu pemikiran baru dalam merancang suatu proyek reboisasi di hutan. Hadirnya proyek reboisasi dan pengawasan hutan bekas terbakar ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu contoh untuk meminimalisir hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan bahkan mengembalikannya sehingga ekosistem hutan yang menopang kehidupan manusia dapat bertahan dan tidak hilang.
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Kalinin, Roman, Mikhail Ivashnev, Aleksey Vasil'ev und Yuri Sukhanov. „On the issue of restoration of forest areas damaged by fires“. Forestry Engineering Journal 14, Nr. 1 (20.06.2024): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2024.1/4.
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The article discusses the issues of restoration of forest areas damaged by fires. Forest fires cause not only environmental, but also material damage. If it is almost impossible to compensate for the environmental damage caused by the ingress of combustion products into the atmosphere, then restoring forest resources is a feasible task. Currently, the same technologies are used for reforestation in fire-damaged forest and burnt areas as for reforestation in forest sites after deforestation. However, their efficiency, taking into account natural and industrial conditions, is often not at the highest level. The aggravation of the problem of forest fires necessitates the use of highly effective domestic methods and technical means for reforestation after fires. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of technical development of domestic modern methods and technical means of restoring forest areas damaged by fires. In the course of the patent information search and analysis of scientific and technical literature, modern methods and technical means for restoring forest plantations in areas damaged by fires were studied, and the collected information was analyzed. The effectiveness of the use of a mulch working body for the preliminary preparation of a forest area disturbed by fires is noted.
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Moscogliato, Antonio Vicente, und José Marcelo Domingues Torezan. „Aboveground biomass in reforestation with native species established by means of Taungya agroforestry system“. Hoehnea 44, Nr. 2 (April 2017): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-81/2016.
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ABSTRACT The mitigation of CO2 emission through high-productivity systems associated with restoration of degraded sites have been increasingly common, highlighting the importance of estimates of the amount and distribution of plant biomass in different ecosystems and under different management systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of planting and soil characteristics and the type of management performed over the aboveground biomass accumulation in two reforestation projects with native species, implanted through Taungya agroforestry system. The differences in aboveground biomass accumulation were probably influenced by agroforestry management, since these variations showed to be independent of age (considered within the age range in this study), the spacing, the species composition, and soil fertility. The values of aboveground biomass are similar to those reported in the literature for other reforestation projects with native species of similar ages.
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Минниханов, Azat Minnikhanov, Файзрахманов, Dzhaudat Fayzrakhmanov, Сабиров, Ayrat Sabirov, Газизов und Ruslan Gazizov. „IMPORTANCE OF SEEDLINGS GROWING IN CLOSED ROOT SYSTEM IN AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION“. Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, Nr. 1 (25.03.2016): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19324.
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The article presents the results of literature research and the introduction of innovative ways of growing of wood species seedlings in closed root system in the forest breeding and seed production center in the Saby forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan. A high survival rate of seedlings, grown in closed root system, was determined in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan in reforestation and protective plants creation, compared with seedlings, grown in opened root system in the forest nurseries.
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Davis, Anthony S., und Jeremiah R. Pinto. „The Scientific Basis of the Target Plant Concept: An Overview“. Forests 12, Nr. 9 (21.09.2021): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091293.
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Reforestation and restoration using nursery-produced seedlings is often the most reliable way to ensure successful establishment and rapid growth of native plants. Plant establishment success—that is, the ability for the plant to develop within a set period of time with minimal further interventions needed—depends greatly on decisions made prior to planting, and yet nursery-grown plants are often produced independently of considering the range of stressors encountered after nursery production. The optimal plant or seedling will vary greatly with species and site (depending on edaphic and environmental conditions), and in having the biological capacity to withstand human and wildlife pressures placed upon vegetative communities. However, when nursery production strategies incorporate knowledge of genetic variability, address limiting factors, and include potential mitigating measures, meeting the objectives of the planting project—be it reforestation or restoration—becomes more likely. The Target Plant Concept (TPC) is an effective framework for defining, producing, and handling seedlings and other types of plant material based on specific characteristics suited to a given site. These characteristics are often scientifically derived from testing factors that are linked to outplanting success, such as seedling morphology and physiology, genetic source, and capacity to overcome limiting factors on outplanting sites. This article briefly summarizes the current knowledge drawn from existing literature for each component of the TPC framework, thereby helping land managers and scientists to meet objectives and accelerate reforestation and restoration trajectories.
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Pagano, Marcela C., und Marta N. Cabello. „Mycorrhizal Interactions for Reforestation: Constraints to Dryland Agroforest in Brazil“. ISRN Ecology 2011 (15.05.2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/890850.
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Reforestation provides restoration of forest ecosystem services including improved soil fertility, which leads to increased productivity and/or sustainability of the system. Trees also increase the average carbon stocks providing wood supply for local communities; however, C sequestration strategies highlight tree plantations without considering their full environmental consequences, such as losses in stream flow. The productivity of a site is a consequence of their physical, chemical, and biological properties, resulting in natural fertile soils or adequate managed soils for improved quality. Thus, it is required to know the variations in the properties of land-use systems for adoptability of agroforestry innovations. The choice of agroforestry tree species (highly mycorrhizal dependent plants should be selected) would have great implications for the manipulation of arbuscular mycorrhizas's species. In dry forest, the inevitable consequence of cutting has been the loss of vegetation cover and insufficient scientific information on the capacity to optimize forest recuperation affects agroforestry adoption. To study the biological properties of soils is now of interest; therefore, this paper reviews the literature that has hitherto been published on mycorrhizal interactions for reforestation and points out the use of mycorrhizal technology as one of the alternatives to improve forest products and environmental quality.
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Kompuok, Chuol. „The Effects of Land Tenure Policy on the Environment in the Gambella Region“. Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 13, Nr. 5. (20.01.2021): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2019.13.5.5.
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An attempt is made to investigate the consequences of land tenure policy on the environment enhancing reforestation as a means of ascertaining tenure security in the Gambella region. This paper sheds light on the acc elerated pace of deforestation in the study area and its impact on the environment. The theoretical and conceptual issues of the interrelation between reforestation, deforestation, land tenure system, and other socio-economic indicators have been given due attention in the literature review. Research methodology gives much focus on qualitative data analysis that uses ranges of data collection approaches; FGD, KII, semi-structured household interviews with the inclusion of secondary data reviews. The paper considers the effect of land tenure system on the environment and discusses the landholding system in the study area, including customary land rights among the Nuer, the Anywaa, and the Majangir. To this effect, external factors and urban expansions are addressed with the view to understanding the impact of socio-cultural practice on physical environment perception and management. A conclusion and policy implications are also discussed.
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Choi, Gayoung, Yoonjeong Jeong und Seong-il Kim. „Success Factors of National-Scale Forest Restorations in South Korea, Vietnam, and China“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 12 (25.06.2019): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123488.
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The total global forest area is decreasing significantly, yet stories of successful large-scale forest restoration are still scarce. In the 1980s, when properly designed concepts and methodologies were absent, state-led, large-scale restoration projects in lower-income countries (LICs) in Asia were already successful. These then LICs—South Korea, Vietnam, and China—experienced dramatic forest land use changes driven by different socioeconomic and political developments, from deforestation and forest degradation to reforestation and ecological restoration. This study examines the institutional settings of each country’s restoration programs, focusing on the inputs of the external factors, their effects on the relevant action arena, and their payment mechanisms. By conducting critical comparisons between three country cases, we found that the ability of nations that had implemented reforestation programs to restore their forests was often influenced by external variables, which included biophysical conditions, local community attributes, and local, state, and federal rules. The result of this research provides practical implications and contributes to the body of literature comparing restoration cases from Asian countries, which have rarely been investigated.
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Nur, M. I., T. Juana, F. C. Zain und D. R. Astuti. „Study of agile governance on strengthening reforestation program in West Java Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012009.
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Abstract West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that possesses the most critical land area, approximately 714,000 of 911,000 hectares (ha) in total. So that to deal with that severe issue, the Forestry Office of West Java has established an eminent program named “Gerakan Tanam dan Rawat 50 Juta Pohon (The Movement of 50 Million Trees Planting and Caring)”. This research aims to analyze the reforestation program in West Java Indonesia viewed from an agile governance perspective. The study employed the qualitative approach with the descriptive case study method. In addition, in-depth interviews and literature studies were utilized in collecting the data. Moreover, to ensure validity, this study uses the triangulation technique. This study showed that the Planting and Preserving 50 million Trees Program carried by the stakeholders has applied agile governance. The government has made the program in collaboration with various media and technology. However, several activities must be fulfilled more appropriately among multiple parties, especially the government, which is the leading sector.
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Mohan, Midhun, Gabriella Richardson, Gopika Gopan, Matthew Mehdi Aghai, Shaurya Bajaj, G. A. Pabodha Galgamuwa, Mikko Vastaranta et al. „UAV-Supported Forest Regeneration: Current Trends, Challenges and Implications“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 13 (02.07.2021): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132596.
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Replanting trees helps with avoiding desertification, reducing the chances of soil erosion and flooding, minimizing the risks of zoonotic disease outbreaks, and providing ecosystem services and livelihood to the indigenous people, in addition to sequestering carbon dioxide for mitigating climate change. Consequently, it is important to explore new methods and technologies that are aiming to upscale and fast-track afforestation and reforestation (A/R) endeavors, given that many of the current tree planting strategies are not cost effective over large landscapes, and suffer from constraints associated with time, energy, manpower, and nursery-based seedling production. UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)-supported seed sowing (UAVsSS) can promote rapid A/R in a safe, cost-effective, fast and environmentally friendly manner, if performed correctly, even in otherwise unsafe and/or inaccessible terrains, supplementing the overall manual planting efforts globally. In this study, we reviewed the recent literature on UAVsSS, to analyze the current status of the technology. Primary UAVsSS applications were found to be in areas of post-wildfire reforestation, mangrove restoration, forest restoration after degradation, weed eradication, and desert greening. Nonetheless, low survival rates of the seeds, future forest diversity, weather limitations, financial constraints, and seed-firing accuracy concerns were determined as major challenges to operationalization. Based on our literature survey and qualitative analysis, twelve recommendations—ranging from the need for publishing germination results to linking UAVsSS operations with carbon offset markets—are provided for the advancement of UAVsSS applications.
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Reis, Alisson Rodrigo Souza, Alessandra Doce Dias de Freitas, Noemi Vianna Martins Leão und Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho. „Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, and seedlings, and anatomy of seedlings of apuleia molaris spruce ex benth“. Journal of Seed Science 38, Nr. 2 (Juni 2016): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v38n2158472.
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Abstract: Apuleia molaris spruce ex benth, commonly known in Brazil as "amarelão," is a fast-growing forest plant with a potential for use in reforestation; however, there is little information about the physiology and morphology of its fruits, seeds, and seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the morphology of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings, in addition to the anatomic patterns of seedlings, as a contribution to the technical-scientific knowledge and production of amazonian species for reforestation in the state of Pará. For this purpose, the morphological descriptions followed the parameters from specialized literature and the common techniques used in plant anatomy. The species presents leguminous fruit; seeds with pleurogram, average dimensions of 51.21, 21.33, and 2.09 mm length, width, and thickness, respectively; and seedlings with eophyll and pinnate metaphylls, cordiform, phanerocotylar germination, epigaeous, and foliaceous. Eophylls and metaphylls present uniseriate epidermis, collateral and dorsiventral vascular bundle. The morphological characteristics may help in field identification and in the identification of young plants, aiding the production of seedlings of this species. Furthermore, anatomically, the hypocotyl has no striking differences from the root.
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Gris, Darlene, Lívia Godinho Temponi und Thaís Regina Marcon. „Native species indicated for degraded area recovery in Western Paraná, Brazil“. Revista Árvore 36, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622012000100013.
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Colonization in the State of Paraná has culminated in the devastation of large forest areas in the entire State. Degraded area recovery programs have emphasized the utilization of native species, but often the species indicated for local reforestation areas are unknown, as those areas are little known floristically. This study aimed to survey native species indicated for reforestation of areas in the Western region of the State of Paraná, classify those species as pioneer, secondary, or climactic, and indicate places of occurrence of matrices where seeds of those species could be collected. Bibliographic surveys in the specialized literature and research in the Herbarium Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba (MBM) and Herbarium of Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNOP) were conducted to identify potential species for degraded area recovery in the study of Western region of Paraná. In all, 115 species were selected, of which 22 are pioneer, 73 are secondary, and 20 are climactic. The bibliographic surveys suggests that pioneer species are the most indicated for the initial processes in the degraded areas recovery, while secondary and climactic species play a major role in area enrichment.
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Cui, Yu Shu, Hong Ling Shao und Li Yan Ma. „The Review on Project Management of Wood Carbon Sequestration Materials“. Advanced Materials Research 427 (Januar 2012): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.203.
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The forest carbon sinks play an important role in controlling the Greenhouse Gas emissions. The project management of wood carbon sequestration materials will be helpful to attract more and more enterprises to step into forestation, reforestation and technology development for improvement of forest management. That will create a sustainable situation that governments, NGO and corporations join together. Based on the domestic and foreign literature, the paper sorts out the current literature in the direction of forest carbon sequestration managements are from five aspects such as, carbon policy, carbon sequestration, carbon conservation, carbon substitution, carbon benefits. Based on this, the paper puts forward the policy and the long-term objectives of wood carbon sequestration materials should be integration of the implementation.
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Cellindita, Switsa, Ach Apriyanto Romadhan und Ali Roziqin. „Development of Green Open Space Policy in The Order to Realize A Sustainable City in Malang“. Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) 10, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/pjia.10.2.212-225.2021.
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The current massive industrial development in urban areas that is not balanced with reforestation practices will have an impact on the environment such as air pollution, hot environmental conditions, flooding, and the lack of adequate Green Open Space. Therefore, good urban spatial planning is needed through the development of green open space in urban areas to maintain or facilitate urban settlements and reforestation practices for the future urban sustainability agenda so that there is a balance in terms of the economic, social, and natural environment as a form of a sustainable city. In analyzing the problem of this research using the literature study method by analyzing the results and information from previous studies. The result of the research is that the development of green open space in Malang City has not been fully managed properly, this is in accordance with the percentage of public green open space in Malang City which is only 1.362.32 Ha or 12.38% which the results of this percentage are still far from the minimum proportion of public green open space, which is 20% of the area of Malang City. As less than the maximum development of green open space, it will also have an impact on a sustainable city that runs less than optimally.
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Andayani, Ni Kade Seri. „Implementasi Tri Hita Karana di Objek Wisata Alas Kedaton upaya Peletarian Lingkungan Wisata“. Cultoure: Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata Budaya Hindu 3, Nr. 1 (30.04.2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55115/cultoure.v3i1.2063.
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Alas Kedaton tourism object is one of the tourist destinations known for its natural beauty and the presence of monkeys which are the main attraction, becoming a cultural tourism object, Alas Kedaton is very closely related to Hindu culture. Of course, it cannot be separated from religious rituals and various religious philosophies such as tri Hita Karana which is implemented in the social life of the local community both in management (managers and traders) towards visitors, towards the environment and respecting the heritage of religious ceremonies at Alas Kedaton Temple. This study uses qualitative methods, the data sources are primary and secondary. Data collection techniques include observation techniques, interviews, literature and documentation, as well as techniques for determining informants. The implementation of the Tri Hita Karana teachings at the Alas Kedaton tourist attraction has been going quite well, this can be seen where the relationship between humans and God has been established in every piodalan taking place, the relationship between managers and visitors is considered good enough because the managers always provide comfortable service and provide a sense of security for guests, the manager's relationship with the environment has also been harmonious, this can be seen from the developments both in garden planning, reforestation/reforestation and in feeding the monkeys.
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Kim, Ji Seul, Jun Ho Kim und Eun Young Lee. „Plant Growth Promoting Microorganism Selection and Activity Test for Reforestation of Topsoil Restoration Site“. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, Nr. 12 (31.12.2021): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.12.719.
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Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of plant growth promoting microorganisms during restoration through re-vegetation of damaged topsoil.Methods : As the vegetation to be applied to the restoration site, Weigela subsessilis, Spiraea prunifolia, Pine densiflora, Pennisetum alopecuroides were selected. An attempt was made to isolate plant growth promoting microorganisms from the root zone of plants of the same species inhabiting domestic park sites and hiking trails. Plant growth promoting activities such as phosphate solubilization ability, siderophore production ability, IAA production ability, and ACC deaminase production ability were examined, and the species to be finally applied was selected and then identified. Among the strains whose plant growth promoting activity was confirmed, Arthrobacter sp. 1B2 and Paraburkholderia terrae 1P2 were applied to the genitalia and pine, respectively, and a pot experiment was conducted to confirm the activity.Results and Discussion : Forty-five strains were isolated from Weigela subsessilis, Spiraea prunifolia, Pine densiflora, Pennisetum alopecuroides and the IAA-producing ability and ACC deaminase-producing ability were confirmed for 16 strains whose phosphate solubilizing ability and siderophore-producing ability were confirmed. After selecting and identifying strains with excellent plant growth promoting ability, strains such as Cupriavidus sp, Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp., Paraburkholderia terrae were obtained. Among them, Arthrobacter sp. 1B2 and Paraburkholderia terrae 1P2 strains were applied to genitalia and pine, respectively, and it was confirmed that plant growth was promoted.Conclusions : Bioassay experiments and field applications using plant growth promoting microorganisms have been mainly studied for herbaceous species (Grandaceae, corn, oats, etc.). However, in this study, the applied plants are shrubs class, which do not significantly grow in length, targeting damaged areas with high subsoil content, which are poor in environment and insufficient in organic and inorganic matter. Therefore, it is meaningful in that the activity of plant growth promoting microorganisms focused on absorption of inorganic substances, such as phosphate solubilization activity and siderophore ability, was investigated and the activity was confirmed by performing a bioassay.
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YUFEREV, L. YU, und O. V. MASCHEV. „RELEVANCE OF CROP AND UNDERGROWTH MONITORING DURING ARTIFICIAL REFORESTATION IN THE VEGETATIVE PERIOD“. Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 71, Nr. 2 (2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2024-71-2-93-99.
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Modern agriculture faces a number of challenges, including climate change, resource constraints and the need to increase productivity. In this context, the assessment of quantitative parameters of crop growth by technical means during the growing season becomes particularly relevant. The scientific approach to this problem is becoming a key tool for optimizing production and ensuring food security, sustainable development of forest ecosystems. (Research purpose) To substantiate the relevance of monitoring crops and undergrowth during artificial reforestation during the vegetative period. (Materials and methods) Video monitoring of agricultural crops, automated segment recognition, geospatial data, literature review, statistical analysis were used. (Results and discussion) The statistics and problems of existing measures for monitoring coniferous undergrowth after reforestation measures were analyzed. The methods of using video monitoring of agricultural crops, in particular, for analyzing the yield of corn shoots, were considered. The use of a video monitoring system to control the care of coniferous undergrowth in the first five years after reforestation was substantiated. Key limitations and difficulties were cited, including high labor costs, insufficient monitoring, lack of systematic approach, limited human labor and low speed and accuracy of data processing. It has been shown that these factors emphasize the need for innovations in methods of controlling the growth of crops and caring for coniferous young. (Conclusions) It was revealed that the video monitoring system of coniferous undergrowth is one of the solutions to the problems of monitoring the condition of forest areas. It was determined that it allows assessing the quality of planting work, determining the growth and health indicators of seedlings, monitoring the environment by indirect signs and, due to a high level of digitalization and automation, responding quickly to violations. It was stated that the assessment of the parameters of crop growth in real time with the use of technical solutions makes it possible to identify problems such as diseases and parasites at an early stage, which will improve the possibilities for their prevention.
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Barros de Souza, Antonio, Gabriel Pereira de Sousa, Edicarlos Pereira dos Santos, Jos´´e Raiel Moraes da Silva, Juliete Bezerra Soares, Antônio Glauber da Silva und Joelma Kele Ferreira de Aquino. „METHODS USED FOR THE GROWING AND REFORESTATION OF Vanillosmopsis arborea BAKER AN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF ARARIPE PLATE“. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 4, Nr. 10 (13.10.2023): e4104184. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i10.4184.
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The species Vanillosmopsis arborea BAKER (Asteraceae), popularly known as candeeiro, represents one of the seven native Brazilian species of the genus Vanillosmopsis. Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí (SANTOS et al., 2009). It presents economic potential due to its bioactive properties and expressiveness of the amount of (-) - α-bisabolol in its oil. The risk of extinction and the diversification of predatory actions on species of economic potential, as in the case of the species under study, justifies the search for research on the cultivation and sustainable management of the species. The objective of this research was to carry out a literature review of the methods used for the cultivation and reforestation of Vanillosmopsis arborea BAKER. The study was carried out by means of a systematic literature review of works published in Portuguese, therefore, 05 works were used, for the search it was used mainly the databases "Web of Science", "Science direct", "Pubmed" , "Scielo" and Google Scholar, with results updated from 2002 to 2018. The following keywords were used, alone and in combinations: Vanillosmopsis arborea, Cultivation, propagation. CALVOCANTI's research (2002) aimed to repopulate four areas of clearings in Chapada do Araripe, 330 seedlings were produced by cuttings.
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Sadeghian, Saghar. „The Caspian Forests of Northern Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi Periods: Deforestation, Regulation, and Reforestation“. Iranian Studies 49, Nr. 6 (November 2016): 973–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2016.1241618.
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Migo-Sumagang, Maria Victoria, Kathleen B. Aviso, Dominic C. Y. Foo, Michael Short, Purusothmn Nair S. Bhasker Nair und Raymond R. Tan. „Optimization and decision support models for deploying negative emissions technologies“. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 2, Nr. 5 (04.05.2023): e0000059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000059.
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Negative emissions technologies (NETs) will be needed to reach net-zero emissions by mid-century. However, NETs can have wide-ranging effects on land and water availability, food production, and biodiversity. The deployment of NETs will also depend on regional and national circumstances, technology availability, and decarbonization strategies. Process integration (PI) can be the basis for decision support models for the selection, planning, and optimization of the large-scale implementation of NETs. This paper reviews the literature and maps the role of PI in NETs deployment. Techniques such as mathematical programming, pinch analysis (PA), process graphs (P-graphs), are powerful methods for planning NET systems under resource or footprint constraints. Other methods such as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), marginal abatement cost curves, causality maps, and machine learning (ML) are also discussed. Current literature focuses mainly on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (AR), but other NETs need to be integrated into future models for large-scale decarbonization.
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Esenarro, Doris, John Manosalva, Lizeth Sanchez, Carlos Vargas, Vanessa Raymundo und Jimena Ccalla. „Resilient Urban-Design Strategies for Landslide Risk Mitigation in Huaraz, Peru“. Urban Science 8, Nr. 3 (18.07.2024): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030090.
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The present research aims to propose resilient urban-design strategies to mitigate the risk of landslides in Huaraz. This study addresses the growing challenge of climate change and its influence on the occurrence of avalanches in Huaraz, Peru. The methodology employed included a literature review, site analysis using digital tools, and the formulation of resilient urban-design strategies. As a result, a Master Plan for Urban Resilience is proposed, using a detailed literature review, climate studies, and topographic evaluation to design urban strategies that enhance the city’s sustainability and safety. The proposed interventions, including channel expansion, installation of gabions and containment meshes, reforestation, and strategic relocation of housing, demonstrate significant potential to reduce vulnerability to avalanches. This multidisciplinary approach underscores the necessity of integrating urban adaptations in response to extreme climate variations in the Andean regions. The proposal stands out for its innovation and resilience, precisely aligning with the unique characteristics of Huaraz. The comprehensive strategy not only focuses on urban regeneration and risk prevention but also aims to significantly improve the community’s quality of life.
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Purba, S. A., B. Slamet und A. Rauf. „Land use directions based on the level of land conversion vulnerability in the Padang Watersheds, North Sumatera“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012005.
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Abstract Hazardous land conversion in the Padang watersheds harms the hydrological conditions of the watersheds. Land use without considering the capacity and carrying capacity of the land results in decreased land productivity and increased watershed damage. This study aims to recommend directions for land use and land management in the Padang watersheds in areas that have a high and very high level of land conversion vulnerability. Analysis of land conversion vulnerability obtained by spatial modeling using ArcGis 10.3 software. The land cover data used in this study are data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2000 and 2019. Directions for land use are carried out through literature review in scientific journals, activity reports from both government and non-government agencies. Recommendations for land management directions are differentiated for urban areas and non-urban areas. Shrub cover that is vulnerable to conversion so that reforestation or other productive land uses are carried out with attention to soil and water conservation. Secondary dryland forest cover that is very vulnerable to conversion for partnerships with communities through community forestry/agroforestry schemes, rehabilitation and reforestation, and ecotourism. Plantation cover that is vulnerable to conversion can adopt an intercropping pattern of garden crops and seasonal crops. Agricultural land cover of dry land with high conversion vulnerability can adopt perennial crops at the land boundary and apply soil and water conservation. Residential areas in rural areas can adopt tree planting and make infiltration wells. The management direction for residential land in urban areas is to apply water conservation techniques (infiltration wells and polders) and arrangement of residential areas.
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Hilmi Pujihartati, Sri, Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni, Drajat Tri Kartono und Argyo Demartoto. „Empowering people to protect environment: A case study of PT. Indaco Warna Dunia’s CSR“. E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131603001.
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Corporate social responsibility is a company obligation to be responsible on the social atmosphere besides being able to improve the company's image. In addition to corporate benefits, CSR can contribute to environmental-based participatory community empowerment. This paper explores the environmental empowerment carried out by the CSR of PT. Indaco Warna Dunia that collaborates with the surrounding community. This research uses a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study. The results showed that the empowerment does many empowering and sustainable act to save environment. The programs are reforestation, environmental education through festivities, applying green concept in a building, hydroponic education, garbage bank, and etc. The contribution felt by the community is considered real and beneficial in a sustainable manner. The CSR uses unique strategy to empower people to protect environment in creative manners.
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Rahayu, Sri Ulfa. „Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Tentang Lingkungan: Studi Kasus Kerusakan Mangrove di Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai“. Mimbar Kampus: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam 23, Nr. 1 (24.10.2023): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/mk.v23i1.5436.
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This research was carried out because the mangrove protection debt in Pantai Cermin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency was already denuded, causing damage to the ecosystem. This makes researchers want to look for hadiths about the environment. The aim of the research is to understand hadiths about the environment, various functions of mangroves, and symptoms caused by environmental damage. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method through a revelation approach, namely by studying Islamic literature sourced from the Koran and Hadith. The result is that there are several verses in the Koran that contain environmental issues, namely surah al-A'raf 56, 74, al-Baqarah verses 11,12,30, 60, al-Qasas 77, ar-Rum 41, and Yunus verse 41. There are many hadiths related to the environment, namely planting trees and reforestation, reviving dead land, air, water, maintaining the balance of nature.
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Rahmayanti, Fetty Dwi, und Tungga Buana Diana. „STUDI KERAGAMAN JENIS TANAMAN DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS BOROBUDUR“. AGRO TATANEN | Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 3, Nr. 2 (02.07.2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55222/agrotatanen.v3i2.537.
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Kebun percobaan diperlukan bagi pembelajaran dan penelitian selain juga diperlukan untuk penghijauan, oleh karenanya kebun percobaan milik Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur mengusahakan untuk selalu menambah koleksi tanaman, membudidayakan serta melestarikan tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi kebutuhan dan melestarikan tanaman yang langka. Sejalan dengan program pemerintah dalam pemanfaatan lahan sempit untuk penghijauan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur menerapkan metode urban farming dalam kelola kebun percobaan, diantaranya melakukan budidaya tanaman dengan teknik tanam tabulampot, polybag, hidroponik ataupun menanam langsung ditanah yang ada dipekarangan. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan eksisting dari Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur. Teknik pengumpulan data disusun berdasarkan data primer di lapangan yakni di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur dan data sekunder dari studi literatur yang relevan. Experimental gardens are needed for learning and research as well as for reforestation, therefore the experimental garden belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University is gradually adding to the collection of plants, cultivating and preserving plants that are beneficial to needs and preserving rare plants. In line with the government's program in using narrow land for reforestation, the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University applies urban farming methods in managing experimental gardens, including cultivating plants with tabulampot planting techniques, polybags, hydroponics or planting directly on the ground in the yard. The method used in this research is descriptive research method using a qualitative approach. This method is used to describe the existing state of the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University. Data collection techniques were compiled based on primary data in the field, namely the Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University and secondary data from relevant literature studies. Keywords: Experimental Garden, Variety of Plants, Tabulampot, Polybag, Hydroponics
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Wibowo, Yunus Aris, Lintang Ronggowulan, Dian Adhetya Arif, Rikki Afrizal, Yaskinul Anwar und Ayu Fathonah. „Perencanaan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Non-Struktural Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Comal Hilir, Jawa Tengah“. JPIG (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi) 4, Nr. 2 (01.09.2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpig.v4i2.3632.
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Abstract: River flooding has become a serious disruption for community which lives in downstream area of a watershed. Comal Watershed is annually experience river flooding caused by Comal River. Therefore, it is necessary to proper mitigation planning. This study organized the arrangement of river flooding non-structural mitigation planning. Qualitative approach was used in this study; not to mention the research design utilzed literature study and field survey. Literature study was used for finding out the river flood events record and affected area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed. Meanwhile, field survey was conducted to overview the socio-cultural condition of the community which live in it. The results indicated that river flooding non-structural mitigation planning area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed consisted of spatial planning in harmony with landuse management of Comal Watershed, detection and prediction of the Comal River discharge conditions through recording and observing hydrometeorological data, management planning of riparian zone, Disaster literacy toward schools and community, community communication system improvement, local wisdom enhancement, evacuation route arrangement, early warning system utilization, disaster simulation and reforestation. Mitigation planning is not only the responsibility of the government, but requires awareness and cooperation from the community.
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Herlina, Nia, und Herpita Wahyuni. „Impact of Oil Palm Plantation on Economy and Environment in Bengkulu Province“. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 11, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.v11i2.5712.
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Oil palm, viewed from the economic aspect, can build a financial center to support regional economic growth. This study aims to determine the impact of oil palm plantations on the economy and the environment in Bengkulu Province. This study uses descriptive qualitative research using sources from various previous studies. It is equipped with multiple literature or literature reviews that will answer the research results on the impact of oil palm plantations on the economy and the environment. The study results reveal that oil palm plantations in Bengkulu Province improve people's welfare, create jobs, and contribute to regional development in Bengkulu Province. Extensive oil palm plantations hurt the environment, which results in regular flooding due to forest encroachment and large-scale opening of plantations so that forests and land cover are damaged; this results in significant surface runoff of rainwater and rainwater infiltration. Small scale causes an imbalance due to considerable runoff triggering erosion and land degradation. Facing this problem by maintaining forest and spatial planning by continuing reforestation, especially in the upstream area to keep it stable and handling the waste system and urban systems must be integrated, flood-prone points can be overcome.
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Gioacchino, Gioel. „Reflections on Collective Healing at the Community of El Juego“. Social Sciences 12, Nr. 7 (07.07.2023): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070399.
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El Juego is a multicultural community of 30 people that exists as a permanent laboratory of conflict resolution and healing. Two and a half years ago, during the pandemic and after four years of living as nomads, we bought together one hundred and forty hectares in San Rafael, Antioquia, to live in close connection with nature and promote reforestation by creating a natural reserve. In this article, we share some of our reflections and experiences of collective healing. We do so through an exercise in autoethnography carried out by two members of our community following the death of Camelia, one of our horses. We then pull out themes that appeared in the autoethnographic pieces, sharing our reflections on developing a more intimate relationship with nature. In the discussion, we draw on the literature on anarchism and Indigenous ways of knowing and enrich it with the lived experience of the community.
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Fedorov, Nikolay, Pavel Shirokikh, Svetlana Zhigunova, Elvira Baisheva, Ilshat Tuktamyshev, Ilnur Bikbaev, Mikhail Komissarov et al. „Dynamics of Biomass and Carbon Stocks during Reforestation on Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Southern Ural Region“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071427.
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Due to the global increase in CO2 in the atmosphere, studies focusing on the carbon balance in forest ecosystems are currently particularly relevant. Abandoned agricultural lands could provide an important contribution to carbon sequestration in many parts of the world. In the broad-leaved forest zone of the Cis-Ural (Southern Ural region, Russia), the carbon sequestration dynamics in the biomass of woody and herbaceous plants, as well as in the litter and soil on abandoned arable lands repopulated with silver birch (Betula pendula), was studied. The data were collected on 35 round (with diameter of 30 m) sample plots located within communities representing the different stages of reforestation with tree stands aged 3 to 30 years. It was found that the carbon content of the stem wood and herbaceous understory did not depend on the succession stages, which largely corresponds to the literature data. The carbon content in root biomass and soil organic matter increased along with the growth of tree stands. While the forest stand grew, the carbon content in the grey forest soil increased from 2.5 to 4.4%, and in the more fertile dark grey forest soil it changed only slightly. The carbon deposition by the forest stands on the sample plots located on the dark grey forest soils was higher than on grey forest soils. The average rate of carbon sequestration in the tree stand was 2.7 t/ha/year. Most mature, 25–30-years-old silver birch tree stands provided the highest average annual increase in tree biomass and the rate of carbon sequestration evaluated was 9 t/ha/year. Also, the carbon pool in the 30 cm soil layer was 2.7 times greater than in the tree stand. It was concluded that abandoned agricultural lands overgrowing by forest in the Cis-Ural are promising for carbon sequestration.
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FORTI, N. C. S., T. L. D. FORTI, A. E. P. G. A. JACINTHO und L. L. PIMENTEL. „Finite element analysis of composite concrete-timber beams“. Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 8, Nr. 4 (August 2015): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952015000400006.
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AbstractIn the search for sustainable construction, timber construction is gaining in popularity around the world. Sustainably harvested wood stores carbon dioxide, while reforestation absorbs yet more CO2. One technique involves the combination of a concrete slab and a timber beam, where the two materials are assembled by the use of flexible connectors. Composite structures provide reduced costs, environmental benefits, a better acoustic performance, when compared to timber structures, and maintain structural safety. Composite structures combine materials with different mechanical properties. Their mechanical performance depends on the efficiency of the connection, which is designed to transmit shear longitudinal forces between the two materials and to prevent vertical detachment. This study contributes with the implementation of a finite element formulation for stress and displacement determination of composite concrete-timber beams. The deduced stiffness matrix and load vector are presented along to numerical examples. Numerical examples are compared to the analytical equations available in Eurocode 5 and to experimental data found in the literature.
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Nassl, Michael, und Jörg Löffler. „How Societal Values Determine the Local Use of Forest Resources—Findings from the Rural Community Kegong (Northwest Yunnan, China)“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 12 (22.06.2019): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123447.
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The transition from net deforestation to net reforestation in China has received much scientific attention, in the hope that, by understanding the underlying drivers and processes, it might be reproduced in other regions of the world. The scientific literature has suggested that this process was driven by the creation of off-farm opportunities and huge state afforestation programs by economic growth. Recent publications, however, have noted a lack of inclusion of local dynamics in this analysis. We used the social-ecological interactions (SEI) framework, designed for the assessment of ecosystem services in socio-ecological systems, to trace the causes and patterns of the local use of forest biomass in a village in Northwest Yunnan. Our results suggest that societal values, in particular, are key to understanding the local resource use underlying the forest transition in Yunnan. However, societal values have been neglected, both in the analysis of forest transition as well as in social-ecological systems research, in general.
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Fahmi, Rizal, Hilal Ramdhani, Hudaya Latuconsina und Sri Jaya Lesmana. „Corporate Social Responsibility: Environmental Concern Through the Application of Communitarian Citizenship Thinking“. Forum Ilmu Sosial 51, Nr. 1 (27.06.2024): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/fis.v51i1.6709.
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Environmental awareness is an integral part of the sustainability of ecosystems worldwide that are starting to be damaged due to rapid industry. The rise of industrial companies in Indonesia impacts environmental damage and has drawn criticism from the community, so corporate social responsibility was formed, which is a form of corporate commitment to its social environment to maintain environmental sustainability and empowerment of the surrounding community. Ideologically, environmental damage is inseparable from the muscular liberalism that pays little attention to ecological elements. This paper seeks to raise an alternative study of communitarian CSR that understands environmental awareness. Communitarianism focuses on the social reality that must be maintained and cared for to raise collective consciousness, including environmental elements. This paper uses a literature study to examine the understanding of communitarianism. The knowledge gained from the literature search is that communitarianism provides a different perspective from liberalism regarding self and environment, so it is interesting to apply communitarian thinking in companies to implement environmental awareness as an alternative to solving environmental problems where this condition indicates the need for a movement based on communal awareness in reforestation. The more communal awareness of nature is built on the impact of community pressure on the government to make a rule that pays attention to environmental problems.
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Idrus, S. Ali Jadid Al. „Pesantren dan Dakwah Lingkungan (Studi Pemikiran dan Gerakan TGH. Muhammad Sibawaihi Mutawalli Pimpinan Pesantren Darul Yatama wal Masakin Jerowaru Lombok Timur)“. MANAZHIM 4, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/manazhim.v4i1.1638.
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This study aims to determine the thinking and movement of TGH. Muhammad Sibawaihii Mutawalli Yahya Al-Kalimi, the leader of the Darul Yatama wal Masakin Islamic Boarding School, Jerowaru, East Lombok, regarding environmental issues as stated in his teaching points, works, as well as sustainable activities or movements and is contained in the educational curriculum in the Islamic boarding school environment. This research is a field research as a form of qualitative research with an interdisciplinary approach that is adapted. Collecting data through field observations, documentation, literature studies and interviews with related parties within the Islamic Boarding School, both families, educators, students, communities, and figures who are directly involved. This study concludes: first, environmental da'wah has become a movement as a result of TGH's thinking. Muhammad Sibawaihi Mutawalli Yahya Al-Kalimi. Second, reforestation, conservation, cultivation, animal husbandry and fisheries bring Islamic boarding schools into the category of environmental-based boarding schools. Third, environmental activities involve students and the community, so that it can be categorized as a participatory-based Islamic boarding school tradition.
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Evidente, Antonio. „Specialized Metabolites Produced by Phytotopatogen Fungi to Control Weeds and Parasite Plants“. Microorganisms 11, Nr. 4 (26.03.2023): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040843.
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Weeds such as parasite plants are one of the most serious pests that farmers are forced to combat since the development of agriculture using different methods including mechanic and agronomy strategies. These pests have generated significant losses of agrarian and herding production, constituting a serious impediment for agricultural activities in reforestation practices and in important infrastructures. All these serious problems have induced the expansive and massive use of synthetic herbicides, which represents one of the main cause of environmental pollution, as well as serious risks for human and animal health. An alternative environmental friendly control method could be the use of bioherbicides based on suitably bioformulated natural products, of which the main ones are fungal phytotoxins. This review covers the literature from 1980 to the present (2022) and concerns fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity in order to obtain their efficacy as bioherbicides for practical application in agriculture. Furthermore, some bioherbicides based on microbial toxic metabolites are commercially available, and their application in field, mode of action and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Daniel, Julia E. „Dumb and Forked: The Street Tree Poetics of Millay and Williams“. Modernist Cultures 16, Nr. 1 (Februar 2021): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2021.0318.
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This urban ecocritical study reads the poetry of Edna St. Vincent Millay and William Carlos Williams in the context of the American street tree movement, a civic health and beautification program that advocated for the planting of shade trees along urban thoroughfares. It argues that both poets critique the ‘ideal’ street tree forwarded by the movement. In ‘City Trees,’ Millay presents a shade tree whose therapeutic effects are overwhelmed by the noise pollution in New York City, much like the speaker herself. In ‘Young Sycamore,’ Williams eschews the visual ideal of symmetrical, evenly-spaced shade trees in favor of a wily, asymmetrical organism that actively torques toward the light. By extension, these poets present city habitats as alternately more toxic and more wild than the street tree movement had imagined, a critique with ramifications for contemporary urban reforestation movements today.
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Davis, Emily Jane, Carl Wilmsen, Manuel A. Machado und Gianna M. Alessi. „Multiple Stories, Multiple Marginalities: The Labor-Intensive Forest and Fire Stewardship Workforce in Oregon“. Fire 6, Nr. 7 (06.07.2023): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6070268.
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Latino/a/x workers perform labor-intensive forestry and fire stewardship work in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, but are not well recognized in research and practice about wildfire governance. This industry has pervasive issues of unsafe working conditions, inequitable wage practices, violations of worker rights, limited opportunity for advancement, and a lack of recognition and inclusion of workers in decision making. We draw on a literature review and practice-based knowledge to make this workforce’s history more visible, from its origins in lumber production and reforestation to expansion into forest and fire stewardship. We suggest a new conceptual framing of “multiple marginalities” that situates this workforce as simultaneously crucial to our future with wildfire and subject to structural, distributional, recognitional, and procedural inequities. We recommend new approaches to research and practice that can better examine and address these inequities, while also acknowledging the persistent and systemic nature of these challenges. These include participatory action research, lessons learned from research and advocacy related to farmworkers and incarcerated workers, and Cooperative Extension and education programs that are learner-centered and culturally appropriate. Multiple interventions of offering education and outreach, enforcing or reforming law, and changing policy and practice must all occur at multiple scales given the many drivers of these marginalities. Study and practice can contribute new knowledge to inform this and expand current conceptions of equity and environmental justice in the wildfire governance literature to become more inclusive of the forest and fire stewardship workforce.
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Mordue(Luntz), A. Jennifer, und Alasdair J. Nisbet. „Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: its action against insects“. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2000): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80592000000400001.
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The neem tree has long been recognized for its unique properties both against insects and in improving human health. It is grown in most tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world for shade, reforestation and for the production of row material for natural insecticides and medicines. Azadirachtin, a complex tetranortriterpenoid limonoid from the neem seeds, is the main component responsible for the toxic effects in insects. Six international conferences on neem and a vast scientific literature report both the antifeedant and physiological effects of neem. This article reviews the behavioral and physiological properties of azadirachtin, including effects on insect reproduction, direct and "secondary" antifeedancy, and the physiological effects measured as growth reduction, increased mortality and abnormal and delayed moults. These effects are here categorized in two ways: direct effects on cells and tissues and indirect effects exerted via the endocrine system. It also describes the work carried out to date to identify the mode of action of azadirachtin at the cellular level. The differential effects between animal phyla and over non-target organisms are discussed and point to its potential success as a safe insecticide.
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Santana, Reynaldo Campos, Sula Janaina Oliveira Fernandes, Miranda Titon, Aloisio Xavier, Priscila Fernandes de Souza und Nairam Felix Barros Filho. „Effect of Minicutting Length and Leaf Area Reduction on Growth and Nutritional Status of Eucalypt Propagules“. ISRN Forestry 2013 (18.07.2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/905730.
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Significant improvements to the technique of minicutting Eucalyptus clones have been reported in the literature. However, despite these recent efforts, studies addressing the proper size of minicuttings and the reduction of leaf area have not been well explored. Thus, the present study had the objective of evaluating the effects of the length of the minicuttings and the leaf area reduction on the growth and nutritional condition of Eucalyptus urophylla during propagation. The experiment was conducted for 90 days in the Plantar Reforestation Co. Nursery in the municipality of Curvelo, MG, using a randomized block design with 4 replicates in a 4×2×2 factorial arrangement. The effects of 4 lengths of minicuttings (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm), 2 levels of leaf area reductions (0 and 50%), and 2 commercial clones were studied. The length of the minicuttings and the reduction of leaf area did not affect the nutritional status of the leaves, nor did the length affect the quality of the plants at the age of 90 days. The results indicate that it is unnecessary to reduce the leaf area for Eucalyptus propagation.
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Dube, Lokesh Chandra, und Sudipta Chatterjee. „Forest Carbon in Climate Change Supermarket: Is India Prepared to Sail?“ Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, Nr. 1 (13.11.2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-08081.
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Several market-based instruments have been developed to facilitate effective mitigation of climate change through voluntary and regulatory measures. A number of such instruments are expected to hit the carbon markets with the take-off of the new global deal on climate change—The Paris Agreement, agreed in 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), along with other planned and potential regional, national and sub-national regimes to address the problem of climate change. With the possibility of inter-linking the carbon market segments in times to come, we see a complex picture of the existing carbon markets turning into a future supermarket. India is a leading country in terms of registered clean development mechanism (CDM) projects in the afforestation and reforestation (AR) sector. We explore the potential of India becoming a leading party in forest-based carbon supermarkets. We triangulated existing literature, on-ground observations from two registered AR-CDM projects being implemented in Kashi and Mahoba forest divisions in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and expert interviews. We list the constraints and gaps in India’s readiness to identify and embrace the opportunity of being a top player in the upcoming climate change supermarket in the context of forest restoration.
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Harmadji, Dwi Ekasari, Sri Hastutik, Sonny Leksono und Achmad Mamduh. „IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION ON FORESTRY AND FOREST VILLAGE COMMUNITY INSTITUTION (LMDH)“. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 1, Nr. 9 (17.06.2022): 1005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v1i9.167.
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The causes of deforestation in Indonesia have been widely discussed in the literature related to this matter, but this article discusses the impact and mitigation of deforestation in the Gunung Kawi forest area. The purpose of this study is to answer the questions that are at the heart of the problem, namely: (1) How do we define “forest”, “deforestation” and “LMDH” and “Role of Forestry” in the Indonesian context? (2) What is the principle of the implementation of the cooperation between Forestry Malang Regency and LMDH Wonosari (actors who are grouped as the indigenous people of Gunung Kawi) to reduce deforestation and forest land degradation? The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study provide suggestions for Forestry Malang Regency to apply the principles of the Partnership Program with a Public Private Partnership which can eliminate the tendency to find a single cause of the failure of the cooperation program with LMDH Wonosari. Deforestation can be tackled by planting coffee trees “intercropping” and Taro Beneng plants among the pine trees in the Gunung Kawi Forest. Suggestions for future researchers to be able to know with certainty the involvement of the Malang Regency Government and Forestry in providing deforestation and reforestation data in the Gunung Kawi Forest.
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Sallustio, Lorenzo, Marco di Cristofaro, Maaz Hashmi, Matteo Vizzarri, Tommaso Sitzia, Bruno Lasserre und Marco Marchetti. „Evaluating the Contribution of Trees outside Forests and Small Open Areas to the Italian Landscape Diversification during the Last Decades“. Forests 9, Nr. 11 (12.11.2018): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110701.
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Land use by humans strongly alters the landscape mosaic, either by reducing or increasing its heterogeneity. One of the most recent and widespread land use changes in Europe has been the spontaneous reforestation of marginal agricultural lands. These primarily affected small landscape patches, such as trees outside forests (TOF) and small open areas (SOA), often represent the most diversifying features of landscape’ structures. Nevertheless, only small-scale studies can be found in the literature and thus it remains a relatively unexplored issue. Integrating inventory and cartographic approaches, this work assesses changes in abundance, coverage, and average size of small patches in Italy between 1990 and 2013. Main results showed an overall increase in number and coverage of small patches during the reference period. The average patch size remains unaltered for TOF but decreases significantly for SOA, due to trees encroachment and canopy cover increasing in forests. Our findings confirm the important changes in Mediterranean land mosaics and contribute to a better understanding of current conditions and recent trends regarding TOF and SOA. The integrated approach has proven to be helpful for the large-scale assessment of small patches dynamics, representing a viable monitoring tool to encourage the inclusion of small patches in landscape policy and planning.
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Wainaina, Priscilla, Peter A. Minang, Eunice Gituku und Lalisa Duguma. „Cost-Benefit Analysis of Landscape Restoration: A Stocktake“. Land 9, Nr. 11 (19.11.2020): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110465.
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With the increase in demand for landscape restoration and the limited resources available, there is need for economic analysis of landscape restoration to help prioritize investment of the resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a commonly applied tool in the economic analysis of landscape restoration, yet its application seems limited and varied. We undertake a review of CBA applications to understand the breadth, depth, and gaps. Of the 2056 studies identified in literature search, only 31 met our predefined criteria. Three studies offered a global perspective, while more than half were conducted in Africa. Only six countries benefit from at least 2 CBA studies, including Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, South Africa, and Tanzania. About 60% focus on agroforestry, afforestation, reforestation, and assisted natural regeneration practices. Only 16% covered all cost categories, with opportunity costs being the least covered. Eighty-four percent apply direct use values, while only 16% captured the non-use values. Similarly, lack of reliable data due to predictions and assumptions involved in data generation influenced CBA results. The limited number of eligible studies and the weaknesses identified hereinabove suggest strong need for improvements in both the quantity and quality of CBA to better inform planning, policies, and investments in landscape restoration.
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Roni Riski Januari Pandiangan. „Protecting Bird Extinction: PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Kisaran's Programme of Excellence in Balam Bird Conservation“. E-Proceeding Conference: Indonesia Social Responsibility Award 1, Nr. 1 (08.08.2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55381/isra.v1i1.132.
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This research discusses the flagship programme launched by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Kisaran. The programme started in 2022 with a focus on the Balam bird. This programme was motivated by observations in the surrounding environment, due to extinction based on reports from the official bird population website. At the beginning of the programme, 4 birds were bred and by the end of the year, the number had grown to 15. With the data presented, there is great hope that this excellent programme can become a model for other communities or companies. As a basis, the Balam bird is one of 177 species that will become extinct, and in the past few years it has not appeared much. From various literature obtained, that in preserving animals or biodiversity itself requires support or support from the community, towards awareness of the extinction of animals. Apart from preservation and being a pilot, it makes a means of bio-education in the surrounding community as well as other additional values regarding typical chirping. The hope for the future is not only to preserve the Balam bird, but also to preserve other biodiversity and care for the environment or reforestation as its natural habitat.
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Alcântara, Bruno Melo de, José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra, Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos Santos, Cícero Lourenço da Silva, Gabriel Messias da Silva Nascimento, Ademar Maia Filho, Maria Elizete Machado Generino, Cicera Thainá Gonçalves da Silva, José Anderson Soares da Silva und Ariston Oliveira Magalhães Filho. „Combretum leprosum Mart.: Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, Phytochemistry and Conservation Needs“. Research, Society and Development 11, Nr. 11 (19.08.2022): e190111133446. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33446.
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Combretum leprosum is a plant species with wide distribution in Brazil known as “mofumbo”, standing out in studies associated with its pharmacological and ethnobotanical activity. The medicinal applications of the species are widely reported in the literature, using the bark, leaves and flowers as healing agents. Given the economic, pharmacological and ecological importance, this work aimed to present a systematic review of production, conservation status and knowledge about the species in different fields of knowledge. The literature review was based on seven categories, characterized according to the study area: biological and/or pharmacological activity (32 articles), importance of conservation status (29), botanical aspects (18), phytochemistry (9), geographic distribution (8), foraging (5) and ethnobotanical uses (2). Most of the works address biological and/or pharmacological activity of the species, and its application is focused on antitumor action, treatment against Chagas disease, antinociceptive behavior, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative action. Among the compounds isolated from C. leprosum with different applications, 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene stands out, a lupane triterpene isolated from different parts of the plant, associated with different medicinal and therapeutic applications. The species was highlighted in works associated with environmental regeneration, being resistant to different phytophysiognomies and showing tolerance to environments contaminated by heavy metals, being able to represent an important species in reforestation programs and recovery of degraded environments. However, even with the growing number of studies associated with C. leprosum in recent years, the species does not have an assessment regarding its degree of threat, demonstrating the need for research associated with the species and the possible impacts that its representatives may suffer, helping in sustainable development and conservation programs.
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vonHedemann, Nicolena, Zachary Wurtzebach, Thomas J. Timberlake, Emily Sinkular und Courtney A. Schultz. „Forest policy and management approaches for carbon dioxide removal“. Interface Focus 10, Nr. 5 (14.08.2020): 20200001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0001.
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Forests increasingly will be used for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as a natural climate solution, and the implementation of forest-based CDR presents a complex public policy challenge. In this paper, our goal is to review a range of policy tools in place to support use of forests for CDR and demonstrate how concepts from the policy design literature can inform our understanding of this domain. We explore how the utilization of different policy tools shapes our ability to use forests to mitigate and adapt to climate change and consider the challenges of policy mixes and integration, taking a close look at three areas of international forest policy, including the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and voluntary carbon offset markets. As it is our expertise, we then examine in detail the case of the USA as a country that lacks aggressive implementation of national climate policies but has potential to increase CDR through reforestation and existing forest management on both public and private land. For forest-based CDR to succeed, a wide array of policy tools will have to be implemented in a variety of contexts with an eye towards overcoming the challenges of policy design with regard to uncertainty in policy outcomes, policy coherence around managing forests for carbon simultaneously with other goals and integration across governance contexts and levels.
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Smith, Pete, Jeff Price, Amy Molotoks, Rachel Warren und Yadvinder Malhi. „Impacts on terrestrial biodiversity of moving from a 2°C to a 1.5°C target“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, Nr. 2119 (02.04.2018): 20160456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0456.
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We applied a recently developed tool to examine the reduction in climate risk to biodiversity in moving from a 2°C to a 1.5°C target. We then reviewed the recent literature examining the impact of (a) land-based mitigation options and (b) land-based greenhouse gas removal options on biodiversity. We show that holding warming to 1.5°C versus 2°C can significantly reduce the number of species facing a potential loss of 50% of their climatic range. Further, there would be an increase of 5.5–14% of the globe that could potentially act as climatic refugia for plants and animals, an area equivalent to the current global protected area network. Efforts to meet the 1.5°C target through mitigation could largely be consistent with biodiversity protection/enhancement. For impacts of land-based greenhouse gas removal technologies on biodiversity, some (e.g. soil carbon sequestration) could be neutral or positive, others (e.g. bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) are likely to lead to conflicts, while still others (e.g. afforestation/reforestation) are context-specific, when applied at scales necessary for meaningful greenhouse gas removal. Additional effort to meet the 1.5°C target presents some risks, particularly if inappropriately managed, but it also presents opportunities. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
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Harifuddin, Harifuddin, Haslinda B. Anriani, Faidah Azuz, Abdul Malik Iskandar und Subhan Haris. „Strengthening Social Systems and Social Structure in facing Disaster Threats in Palu City Indonesia“. Disaster Advances 17, Nr. 5 (30.03.2024): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/175da024033.
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Disasters are not only caused by environmental vulnerability but also by social system and social structure problems. It requires strengthening the social system and social structure. This study aims to analyze (1) social capital strengthening to face disaster threats (2) strengthening the role of family social institutions to face disaster threats and (3) a model of strengthening the social system and social structure to face disaster threats. This research used Explanatory-Sequential Transformative design. Data collection used observations, in-depth interviews, of surveys and literature studies. The sample was 149 people. The results showed that (1) social capital strengthening occurred through mangrove planting, reforestation, disaster counseling and awareness of disaster sites. (2) strengthening family social institutions through knowledge of monitoring systems, early warning systems and signs and equipment, knowing evacuation routes and safety of self and others and (3) The model of social capital and social structure to strengthen the face of disaster threats is togetherness and cooperation based on the need for security and safety of residents. The research conclusions are: (1) social capital such as togetherness, cooperation, reciprocity and mutual trust are very urgent to unite communities exposed to disasters (2) strengthening family institutions took place through awareness of disaster knowledge and (3) social capital follows the priority of needs with which social capital operates.