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Thematische Bibliographien / Reference - psychology / Dissertationen

Dissertationen zum Thema „Reference - psychology“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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1

Hiew, Alexandra T. „Towards a Pedagogical Reference Work for Violinists Informed by Current Music Psychology ResearchTowards a Pedagogical Reference Work for Violinists Informed by Current Music Psychology Research“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380619860.

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2

Purkhardt, S. Caroline. „Social representations and social psychology : a theoretical critique with reference to the psychology of groups 1960s-1980s“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1155/.

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For the past fifty years social psychologists have attempted to understand inherently social phenomena within an individualistic and static conceptual framework afforded by the Cartesian paradigm. In contrast, contemporary traditions of social psychology, especially in Europe, reflect the cultural and evolutionary principles of the Hegelian paradigm. According to this approach, social phenomena are constructed through the coordinated activities of inherently social individuals in relationship both with each other and with their cultural and physical environments. I use this perspective to develop Moscovici's theory of social representations and our understanding of the dynamics and transformation of social knowledge. Drawing on recent developments in both the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge I reject Moscovici's distinction between the reified universe of science, which, he claims, is devoid of social representations, and the consensual universe of common-sense, which is impregnated with them. A programme of historical research is reported in which I trace the evolution and diffusion of Tajfel's theory of intergroup relations and the emergence of a social dimension in the social psychology of groups. This study demonstrates the dynamics by which scientific knowledge is transformed. These dynamics involve the social processes of interaction and communication and are characterized both by a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, and by an interdependence among individual scientists, the community of scientists to which they belong and the wider society in which the community is embedded. The thesis as a whole has important implications for understanding the processes of science and for the conduct of research in the social sciences.

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3

Prasse, Michael John. „A model of anaphoric reference /“. The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740719477.

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4

Kitto, J. „Gender reference terms : A psychological perspective“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356133.

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5

Sims, Kerry M. „Children's knowledge of indefinite and definite reference“. Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6233/.

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After reviewing previous theoretical and empirical investigations, the decision is made that an understanding of both "Familiarity' and 'Specificity' must be necessary for a full appreciation of indefiniteness/definiteness. Moreover, it is argued that knowledge of 'Specificity’ requires an ability to co-ordinate and integrate a number of linguistic and non-linguistic factors appropriately and for this reason, it is suggested that young children’s knowledge of indefinite/definite reference is incomplete.16 experiments are reported, most of which were designed to investigate children's knowledge of 'Familiarity' and 'Specificity' for indefinite/definite reference. Other areas of investigation include children’s ability to use both linguistic and non-linguistic factors in their understanding of definite reference and the way in which older children and adults use these factors for anaphoric reference. The results showed that whilst children from 3 ½ years of age are sensitive to the perceptual information given to listeners and will use their general knowledge to define ‘Familiarity’; they do not appreciate the need to consider the relative status of a referent in their choice of expression. It seems that young children will only consider 'Specificity' when the relative status and/or the identifying features of a referent are salient to them. The failure of the young child to appreciate the necessity of 'Specificity' for indefinite/definite reference may be explained as due to a failure to consider more than one possible interpretation of reference. By contrast, from about 8 years of age, children appear to be integrating contextual information about the number of available referents with their knowledge of linguistic constraints on reference. A model of the processing of definite anaphoric reference in children is proposed based on the 'weak' interactionist view of the effects of informational context on choice of definite construction.

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6

Stenner, Paul. „Feeling deconstructed? : with particular reference to jealousy“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357188.

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7

Du, Toit Barry. „Theory in interpretive psychology - with special reference to Paul Ricoeur's interpretation of Freud“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002071.

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The thesis aims to show that, while an interpretive psychology is not compatible with theory as it occurs in the predictive- causal explanation of the natural sciences, it is both possible and necessary to develop a concept of theory valid within an interpretive methodology. These claims are advanced in the course of an examination of Ricoeur 's interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis. After examining some traditional ways in which phenomenological psychology has responded to the psychoanalytic challenge, the thesis presents an interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis as a hermeneutic approach which utilized theoretical constructions in a productive way, although distorted by Freud's natural-scientific self- understanding. Freud's causal-explanatory language and natural- scientific meta theory are shown to be significant inasmuch as they provide a vehicle for theory construction in psychoanalysis. However, since the theory is modeled on that of the natural sciences, it proves incompatible with the interpretive aspects of Freud's approach. We then establish a concept of theory and of causal analysis which is different to that of the natural sciences, and is compatible with, and indeed founded in, an interpretive approach to psychology. These concepts are then illustrated in the context of psychoanalysis. In the final chapter the advantages of the use of theory in interpretive psychology are discussed.

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8

Regan, Teresa. „An exploration of educational psychology casework practice with reference to the assessment of dyslexia“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508984.

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9

Talboy, Alaina N. „Reference Dependence in Bayesian Reasoning“. Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7964.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine aspects of the representational and computational influences on Bayesian reasoning as they relate to reference dependence. Across three studies, I explored how dependence on the initial problem structure influences the ability to solve Bayesian reasoning tasks. Congruence between the problem and question of interest, response errors, and individual differences in numerical abilities was assessed. The most consistent and surprising finding in all three experiments was that people were much more likely to utilize the superordinate value as part of their solution rather than the anticipated reference class values. This resulted in a weakened effect of congruence, with relatively low accuracy even in congruent conditions, as well as a different pattern of response errors than what was anticipated. There was consistent and strong evidence of a value selection bias in that incorrect responses almost always conformed to values that were provided in the problem rather than errors related to computation. The one notable exception occurred when no organizing information was available in the problem, other than the instruction to consider a sample of the same size as that in the problem. In that case, participants were most apt to sum all of the subsets of the sample to yield the size of the original sample (N). In all three experiments, higher numerical skills were generally associated with higher accuracy, whether calculations were required or not.

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10

Shiham, Aishath. „An investigation of alexithymia with particular reference to breast cancer“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364806.

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11

Carey, Greg. „Towards understanding the dynamics of transformation in spiritual psychology, with particular reference to Buddhist teachings“. Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2017. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/803/.

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My thesis brings into conversation, Buddhist spiritual teachings with the medieval contemplative Christian understanding and modern ontological thoughts, to investigate the dynamic characteristics of spiritual transformation. The thesis explores the following questions: Is there a spiritual journey? To what extent the journey itself is the transforming energy? To whom is transformation happening? How do we become the truth uncovered? Have we always been living in a ‘plenum’ with respect to the Buddha nature teaching? Is the Buddha and his teachings revolutionary agents of continuous transformation. Does the spiritual path focus on the cultivation of a Nirvanic-mind only, what about the body? My conversations revealed the following: That it is possible to become aware that conditioned thoughts are thinking the person. That it is possible for the conditioned (klesha) mind to become aware of its own Nirvanic mind-nature. A deluded mind uncovers its own wisdom nature by practising an unconstructed knowing. Thus, the enlightened mind perfects ‘objectless awareness’ and encounters reality as wisdom itself. The transformative power of failure is a yoga and as such it is perfected in the Bodhisattva vow to save all beings. Central to sustaining the spiritual path is to have a question such as ‘Is what I am doing what God is doing’. Life and the spiritual path are unpredictable; the unpredictable challenges the mind’s tendencies to conceptualize experience. The body holds the unpredictable energy of the disowned, which relates to as ‘flashing’ energies in the body. Transformation is the recognition of the first pure moment of awareness which also recognizes that goodness is at the heart of all things. The liberating doctrine is that everything is open (empty) and unbounded thus all matter is redemptive and as such we are always in the realm of truth.

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12

Ornan, Rachelle Nitzanne. „The Influence of Reference-Mark Density and Saliency on Time-To-Passage“. NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03182008-142636/.

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Gogel & McNulty (1983) demonstrated that the greater the density of vertical reference or hatch marks in a display, the greater the perceived velocity of a laterally moving object. Their study corroborates the findings of other researchers that the addition of reference-marks or a reference frame lowers the motion threshold (Liebowitz, 1955; Brown, 1931a, 1931b). The current studyâs first experiment successfully replicated the results of Gogel & McNultyâs study using a flat panel LCD screen and a predicted-motion task. Subsequent experiments examined the effect of object and reference-mark characteristics on accuracy. In general, accuracy increased as the extrapolation distance (ED) and reference-mark density increased. There was a consistent interactive effect between ED and reference-mark density such that medium and long EDs coupled with high density of reference-marks produced the greatest increase in accuracy. There was an interactive sex effect with ED which was present in the results, but was not consistent. Though accuracy was not affected by object size, horizontal extent, shape, familiarity, color or offset, the effect of high reference-mark density on improving accuracy disappeared when marks were less salient. The results of these experiments have application to the design of displays used for military, air traffic control and cockpit applications, laparoscopic surgery, assembly-line manufacturing, highway-construction tasks, and on-orbit space manufacturing and construction.

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13

Iles, S. C. „Patriarchal therapeutism : The medicalisation of deviance, with particular reference to women“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371144.

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14

Galyer, Darin L. „The Influence of Reference Objects on Vector-Based Memory Representations“. Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13421371.

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Vectors, defined by distance and direction information, can represent the spatial relationships between reference objects and target objects. Reference boundaries help to define the space and are mathematically definable by lines, while reference landmarks define specific locations and are definable by points. How do vectors, containing two sources of information relate references and targets? Congruent with neuroscientific evidence we argued that humans rely differentially on distance and direction information when recalling the spatial location of objects. We showed that direction information was better encoded or remembered than distance information relative to landmarks, and that distance information was better encoded or remembered than direction information relative to boundaries. We proposed that the type of reference influences the fidelity of distance and direction information in the spatial representation.

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15

Cheng, Clara Michelle. „Self-reference in mystery moods consequences for information processing and self-enhancement /“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147729556.

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16

Slocum, Jeremy PhD. „The Role of Metacognition in Children's Disambiguation of Novel Name Reference“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574633259873614.

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17

Fraizer, Elaine Vida. „Postural costs of performing cognitive tasks in non-coincident reference frames“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54523/.

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An extensive literature exists attesting to the limited-capacity performance of everyday tasks, such as looking and mental manipulation. Only relatively recently has empirical interest turned towards the capacity limitations of the body coordinations (such as posture control) that provide the physical substrate for cognitive operations (and so mandatorily coexist with cognition). What are the capacity implications for the body’s safety and mobility, for example, in accommodating the need to stabilize the eye-head apparatus for looking, or when mentally manipulating objects in 3-D space? Specifically, what are the postural costs in having to position and orientate the body in its own task space while supporting spatial operations in cognitive task space? What are the performance implications, in turn, for everyday cognitive tasks when posture control is challenged in this way? The purpose of this thesis was to establish a theoretical and methodological basis for examining any postural costs that may arise from the sharing or partitioning of spatial reference frames between these two components (a frame co-registration cost hypothesis). In 7 experiments, young adults performed either conjunction visual search or mental rotation tasks (cognitive component) while standing upright (postural component). Visual search probed cognitive operations in extrapersonal space and mental rotation probed operations in representational space. Immersive visualization was used to operationalise postural and cognitive task contexts, by arranging for the two tasks (under varying postural and cognitive task-load conditions) to be carried out with respect to two spatial reference frames that were either coincident or noncoincident with each other. Aside from the expected performance trade-offs due to task-load manipulations, non-coincidence of reference frames was found to significantly add to postural costs for cognitive operations in extrapersonal space (visual search) and for representational space (mental rotation). These results demonstrate that the maintenance of multiple task-spaces can be a source of interference in posture-cognition dual-tasking. Such interference may arise, it is suggested, from the dynamics of time-sharing between underlying spatial coordinations required for these tasks. Beyond its importance within embodied cognition research, this work may have theoretical and methodological relevance to the study of posture-cognition in the elderly, and to the study of balance and coordination problems in learning difficulties such as those encountered in dyslexia and the autistic spectrum.

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18

Travell, Leslie Charles. „Psychology and ministry : with special reference to the life work and influence of Leslie Dixon Weatherhead“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242309.

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19

Mohamed, Yasien. „The Islamic conception of human nature with special reference to the development of an Islamic psychology“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15877.

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Bibliography: pages 391-401.
This thesis constitutes an analysis of the Islamic conception of the primary elements of human nature, namely, the heart, intellect, will, soul and psyche. This analysis embraces the major schools of thought within the Islamic tradition. The Islamic conception of human nature is based on the primary Islamic sources, namely, Qur'an, hadith; and is further substantiated by referring to the works of a variety of classical Islamic scholars. The Islamic perspective of the primary elements of man has provided a basis for determining the principles of an Islamic psychology.

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20

Woldesenbet, Berhane Tensay. „Towards an evaluation of schema theory with reference to ESL/EFL reading comprehension“. Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1100/.

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21

Barton, Sarah. „Mechanisms of Intimate Partner Violence Revictimization: Contributions of Impaired Self-Reference“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1398956992.

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22

Koop, Gregory J. „The Simultaneous Use of Multiple Reference Points in Risky Decision Making“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1256927382.

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23

Love, Jessica. „The trouble with tracking characters: Two studies“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306264340.

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24

Sambur, Bilal. „Prayer in the psychology of religion with special reference to Al-Ghazali,Ibn 'Ata' Allah and Iqbal“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496014.

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Prayer is the central way of communication between God and the human being, which involves man's thoughts, emotions, and acts. It is the whole expression of the individual in the presence of God. The core aspects of one's religiosity appear in prayer, which is perceived as one of the main subjects of the psychology of religion. In this study, we have three aims: firstly, we want to explore the main psychological approaches to prayer in the psychology of religion. Secondly, we aim to examine main Muslim approaches to prayer. Thirdly, we want to compare Western and Muslim psychological approaches to prayer. To achieve our first aim, the first part of our study deals with Western psychological views of prayer. We chose to examine the views of four prominent Western psychologists. In the first chapter, the views of Francis Galton and William James on prayer have been examined. The main issues of this chapter are the question of objective efficacy of prayer, and experiential and pragmatic dimensions of prayer. In the second chapter, Friedrich Heiler's and James Bissett Pratt's approaches are studied. By doing this, we explored the historical and psychological development of prayer and its subjective effects on human life. The second part of our study deals with three Muslim approaches to prayer. In the first chapter of the second part, Al-Ghazali's views are studied as a classical approach in Muslim thought. In the second chapter, Ibn 'Ald' Allah's ideas of prayer as a Sufi approach, and in the third chapter, Muhammad Iqbal's views on prayer are examined as a modem Muslim approach. In the concluding chapter of the thesis, we compare the views of four Western psychologists, whose views are examined in the first part, with the three Muslim approaches.

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25

Bloch, Hugh. „The psychological effects of detention with particular reference to the South African political detainee“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16363.

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Bibliography: pages 209-218.
The intention of this dissertation is to clarify the psychological processes and effects which operate in the political detention situation, and to outline effective treatment and coping strategies. An overview of research literature and theory is provided, and the importance of viewing detention within a broad socio-political context is emphasised. In the analysis of the detention situation a number of variables likely to be operative are considered. Solitary confinement, torture, interrogation, reactions to severe stress situations, and uncertainty, unpredictability and uncontrollability are given separate discussion, prior to an at tempt to con sider the interaction of these variables in the detention situation. This projected picture is compared with case material gathered in the area. It is noted that political detention is not a uniform experience with a uniform set of effects. Rather, the effects are seen to be dependent on the particular differences in response. Nevertheless, political detention is shown to be commonly both objectively and subjectively severely stressful, with a strong likelihood of the detainee developing debilitating psychological sequelae. Post-traumatic stress disorder appears to be commonly implicated, and symptoms may persist for many years. Family and community members and organisations to which the detainee belongs suffer not only the effects of the loss of that person, but also the problems of effectively helping him or her to reintegrate. It is shown that detainees have commonly drawn on a number of resources or strategies to counteract the potentially debilitating effects of detention. The importance of prior preparation for the detention experience to facilitate an accurate appraisal of the situation and better coping is emphasized. Useful strategies that may be learned or fostered are outlined. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment that acknowledges all of the difficulties and needs particular to any specific ex-detainee, and that draws on as broad a range of available supports as possible, is stressed. Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, medication where necessary and family involvement are recommended. It is shown that much may be learned from Canadian and European units that rehabilitate victims of torture - mainly from South American countries: but that strategies need to be adapted to South African conditions.

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26

Smit, Joalida. „Postpartum mood disorders : a feminist critique with specific reference to postnatal depression“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53010.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This review examines the medical model's conceptualisation of postnatal depression (pND) from a feminist perspective. The arguments are fourfold: Firstly, it argues that the fundamental problem underlying the concept of PND is its conception as existing on a continuum with psychosis at the most severe end and maternity blues at the least severe end. The link with psychosis implies that it is potentially pathological requiring medical and psychiatric intervention. On the other hand its link with maternity blues gives scientific credence to continued research on emotional sequelae of reproduction that are below the psychiatric threshold of urgency. Secondly, the medical model's construction of PND implies that women are predisposed to mental illness because of their ability to bear children and thus pathologises normal experiences of childbirth. Thirdly, the medical model's preoccupation with classification and categorisation has become little more than an exercise in labeling that has removed women from their own experiences. Focusing on birth as an activity that is separate from the rest of pregnancy objectify women and ignores the socio-political context within which they give birth and care for their infants. Fourthly, it is argued that a different way of researching postpartum mood disorders is necessary to overcome a reductionistic and pathological model of childbirth. This is important if healthcare delivery hopes to provide adequate treatment for all women in the postnatal period. Especially in South Africa, where the dominant culture has for many years defined the experiences of the 'other', it is important to generate research that should include the 'voices' of the 'other' to prevent hegemonic practice from assuming an expert understanding of PND. This review does not deny the contributions from the medical establishment, but argues that a critique of its underlying assumptions is important to prevent women from being further marginalised by ignoring the socio-political context in which their lives are embedded. The implications for research within South Africa are also addressed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie oorsig ondersoek die mediese model se konseptualisering van postnatale depressie vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief. Die argument is vierledig: Eerstens blyk die konseptualisering van postnatale depressie, naamlik dat dit op 'n kontinuum bestaan, met psigose aan die mees disfunksionele kant en 'maternity blues' aan die minder ernstige kant, 'n fundamentele, onderliggende probleem te wees. Die verband met psigose impliseer dat postnatale depressie potensieel patologies is en mediese en psigiatriese insette benodig. Die verband met 'maternity blues' aan die ander kant, bied wetenskaplike begronding vir volgehoue navorsing op die gebied van emosionele aspekte van kindergeboorte wat nie van psigiatriese belang is nie. Tweedens impliseer die mediese model se konstruksie van postnatale depressie dat vroue 'n predisposisie tot geestessiektes het bloot deur die feit dat hulle die vermoë het om kinders voort te bring. Sodoende word patologiese kenmerke gekoppel aan normale ervarings van kindergeboorte. Derdens het die mediese model se beheptheid met klassifikasie en kategorisering verval in etikettering wat vroue van hul eie ervarings vervreem. Deur te fokus op geboorte as 'n aktiwiteit wat verwyder is van die res van swangerskap maak van vroue objekte wat verwyderd is van die sosio-politieke konteks waarbinne hulle geboorte skenk en sorg vir hul babas. Vierdens word dit beredeneer dat 'n nuwe benadering tot navorsing oor postpartum gemoedsteurings daar gestel behoort te word om 'n reduksionistiese en patologiese model van kindergeboorte te voorkom. Dit is belangrik as gesondheidsorgdienste hoop om toereikende behandeling te bied vir alle vroue in die postnatale periode. Veral in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n dominante kultuurgroep vir so lank die ervarings van ander omskryf het, is dit belangrik om navorsing voort te bring wat die 'stemme' van die 'ander' insluit om sodoende te verhoed dat die heersende praktykvoeringe van die dag 'n eensydige deskundige-verstaan van postnatale depressie voorveronderstel. Hierdie oorsig ontken nie die bydraes van die mediese model nie, maar beredeneer die feit dat 'n kritiese beskouing van die onderliggende aannames belangrik is om sodoende te verhoed dat vroue verder gemarginaliseer word deurdat die sosio-politieke konteks waarin hul lewens gegrond is, buite rekening gelaat word. Die implikasies vir navorsing binne 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word dus ook ondersoek.

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27

Baret, Natasha. „How Does Frame-of-Reference Training Increase Rater Accuracy? A Test of Potential Explanatory Mechanisms“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29321.

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In the job interview literature, the positive effect of Frame-of-Reference (FOR) training on interviewer rating accuracy is well documented. However, how this training method increases rating accuracy is not well understood. The present study focused on rater individual difference characteristics as potential explanatory mechanisms for the effects of FOR training on accuracy. The researcher hypothesised that FOR training would enhance raters’ dispositional reasoning, rating motivation and self-efficacy, which, in turn, would increase their rating accuracy. A post-test only experimental research design was used in a sample of 32 students from a South African university. Participants were randomly assigned to the FOR training intervention or the no-training condition. Participants were required to rate three videotaped candidates on an interview competency and completed various individual difference measures. The FOR training intervention positively affected rating accuracy and findings suggest this effect may occur because of the influence of FOR training on dispositional reasoning, rather than FOR training enhancing rater motivation or self-efficacy. Study limitations and recommendations for future research are noted.

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28

Kersten, Alan W. „Frames of reference and the representation of motion in noun and verb meanings“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30927.

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29

Almoshawah, Saad A. S. „An examination of the mental health service provision in Saudi Arabia with particular reference to counselling“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10431.

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This thesis aimed at elucidating the meaning of mental health services within the context of counselling practice in Saudi Arabia. The delineation of mental health practice within this context may help to overcome the incongruence among counselling theory, research, practice, and the experience of counselling patients in that country. Consequently, mental health treatment systems in Saudi Arabia have a history of incompatible philosophies and conflicts that have been associated with poor treatment outcomes for persons diagnosed, which was linked to a deterrent Poor Law to one which incorporated those suffering from a wide range of mental disturbances, which was largely based on treatment willingly undertaken and freely available, and which was associated with a preventive Ministry of Health. It examines the concepts and intentions which underlay policy, and the impact of policy upon the service and its clients. It describes the ways in which the service was moulded by the changing and sometimes conflicting demands of the needs of the mentally patients' and of society as a whole. There is almost full agreement among all those concerned with Psychiatric health care in Saudi Arabia that current treatment is not beneficial and may be harmful to the patients'. Most psychiatrists agree that the major benefit for the patient occur in the first week of his \her treatment. Mental health provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia hospitals, historical background and the use of the current medical model, is examined in the first part of the study and qualitative and quantitative methodology were used in the second part. From the analysis, the questionnaire, and exploratory interviews the major findings were, revealed statistically significant differences between practitioners in their aims and objectives, roles and responsibilities, awareness, effectiveness' , referral system and procedures, and personal development. Although, practitioners experienced dissatisfaction with the whole service; patients' were raised the same issues criticising the poor standard of services in their hospitals. In addition, practitioners felt the referral system was inflexible and unclear, psychiatrists and counsellors failed to understand their patients' needs. It was concluded that there were considerable the lack of training amongst practitioners. In the light of the findings, the researcher came up with several recommendations, the most important of which were the following. I ) there is a need for a viable model for mental health treatment in Saudi Arabia.;2) Improve the current provision regulation;3) establish a mental health Act in Saudi Arabia.

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Kersting, Lee Michael. „Do Changing Reference Levels affect the Long-Term Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?“ Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4347.

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This study examines whether reference levels change over time and the impact on individuals' risk-taking behavior. I apply expectations-based reference-dependent preferences theory to analyze whether individuals' reference levels change over time in an economic setting. The theory suggests that individuals develop reference levels based on expectations of future outcomes (Koszegi and Rabin 2006). Therefore, this study examines whether individuals' expectations affect the setting of their reference level and how possible changes in reference levels affect subsequent risk-taking behavior. This study also provides evidence on how budget-based contracts impact individual risk taking behavior in a single period setting. Prior research has used multiple theories in an attempt to explain contradictory results relating to budget target difficulty and risk-taking behaviors. This study provides more evidence to the literature by further examining the impact of budget-based contracts on individuals' risk-taking behavior. A 1 x 2 between subjects experiment was conducted over five periods. Budget target was the manipulated factor at two levels: easy and moderate. Results suggest that individuals under easy budget targets make riskier decisions. Additionally, individuals' reference levels change over time and the change in reference level is greater for those individuals who continually attain their budget target, suggesting that expectations do increase the reference level. Lastly, in the current study, changes in reference level do not have a significant impact on risky decision making.

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Tzimitra-Kalogianni, Irini. „The behaviour and attitudes of Greek food consumers with special reference to meat in the Thessaloniki region“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315719.

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32

Glissov, Peter. „Social and motivational aspects of secondary school pupils' computer use with particular reference to the gender issue“. Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304843.

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33

Richard, Laurence. „Towards a Definition of Intrinsic Axes: The Effect of Orthogonality and Symmetry on the Preferred Direction of Spatial Memory“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1310492651.

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Gothard, Katalin Margit 1960. „Multiple maps and multiple reference frames in the hippocampal representation of space“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282164.

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Populations of simultaneously recorded hippocampal place cells were studied in three tasks that required shuttling between a variably placed box and a reward location predicted by fixed or variably located landmarks. Groups of place cells fired at fixed locations relative to the behaviorally relevant landmarks or to the absolute spatial framework of the environment. The initial segment of the journeys was represented by a sequence of cells that fired at fixed distances with respect to the landmark of origin, behind the animal, irrespective of where that landmark was located. The final segments of the journeys were represented by cells that fired at fixed locations relative to the landmark of destination. We propose that on the initial parts of the journey, the spatial coordinate represented by each cell was updated predominantly by path integration. When approaching the landmark of destination, the coordinates were updated and corrected by visual landmarks (or other sensory cues). The intermediate zone was characterized by a transition from the reference frame of the origin to the reference frame of the destination. Small distortion of the environment led to a smooth, continuous transition, while a large distortion led to abrupt transitions. These observations suggest that in the hippocampus, place can be represented in multiple spatial reference frames established by behaviorally relevant landmarks. Further experiments showed that these landmarks, or their sensory properties, are not represented explicitly by place cells, because cells did not maintain their landmark-related firing in a similar task, performed in a different environment.

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Hill, Susannah V. „The etiology of adolescent suicide with special reference to the role of firearms and other opportunity related factors“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ32538.pdf.

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36

Lindsey-Mullikin, Joan Marie. „Beyond reference price: The role of unmet price expectations in consumers' perceptions of value“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284440.

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This dissertation posits an entirely new approach for understanding the reference price phenomenon. It is proposed that Festinger's (1957) theory of dissonance reduction provides a practical framework for studying situations in which consumers' encountered prices are significantly different from their expectations. The three modes of dissonance reduction initially proposed by Festinger (to change one's attitude or cognition, to seek consonant information, or to trivialize some element of the dissonant relationship) are experimentally manipulated. These three modes of dissonance reduction are then evaluated for their impact on consumers' perceptions of value and consumers' purchase intentions. A computer-controlled shopping experiment is utilized to test the hypotheses.

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Wang, Qiang. „A comparison of work-specific and general personality measures as predictors of OCBs and CWBs in China and the United States“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1316551863.

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38

Hall, Jonathan. „The effect of schema-based training on dispositional reasoning components : comparing frame-of-reference training and schema-feedback training“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13673.

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Prior research shows that accurate interviewers have higher ‘dispositional reasoning’, defined as the ability to understand the relationship between personality, behaviour and situations. Drawing on schema theory, the present study attempted to determine if dispositional reasoning could be developed in students who participated in interview training. We used two different experiments to assess the relative effectiveness of two different training approaches to enhance the subcomponents of dispositional reasoning: trait induction, trait extrapolation and trait contextualisation. Our first experiment used traditional frame-ofreference (FOR) training in an attempt to develop dispositional reasoning. In a second experiment, we developed schema-feedback training, a novel approach to training dispositional reasoning that is based on the use of schema refinement through feedback. We found that neither approach had an effect on the participants’ dispositional reasoning component scores when compared to a ‘no-training’ comparison group. The low statistical power (due to a relatively small sample size) was a limitation in this study. Further research is necessary to determine the malleability of interviewers’ dispositional reasoning.

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Burkitt, Ian. „The sociological problem of personality formation : with special reference to symbolic interactionist, Marxist and figurational approaches“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235695.

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Maslan, Nicole. „The Effects of Co-Occurrence on the Collaborative Process of Establishing a Reference“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1417.

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The author presents an analysis of how speakers establish references in conversation. Further, this paper focuses on what words of a reference are conventionalized as speakers coordinate multiple times. The author explores how the co-occurrence of the reference terms with the referent can be a good predictor of what words are conventionalized over time. In order to study this, the author created an online version of the reference game from Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs (1986) experiment, where a matcher and director must describe a set of ambiguous shapes to each other many times. By creating an online version of this reference game the author was able to gather significantly more data and analyze the data with computational tools. Results prove that co-occurrence is a useful predictor of terms which are conventionalized, providing a first step for accounting for statistical inference in the process of conventionalization.

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Greenauer, Nathan Michael. „Micro- and macro-reference frames specifying hierarchical spatial relations in memory /“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247588305.

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42

Grann, Martin. „Personality disorder and violent criminality : a follow-up study with special reference to psychopathy and risk assessment /“. Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19981016gran.

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Urquhart, James Keith. „The clinical paradigm in organisational analysis : with reference to Beamish and Crawford plc“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10011.

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There has been much discussion in the literature in the past decade as boards of directors worldwide have faced increasing stakeholder demands for accountability. The conventional wisdom that stakeholders were passive players, who ceded responsibility for the company to the board, has gone and been replaced by a growing sensitivity to the risk of corporate liability. It is still not widely understood that business enterprise is as much a moral act as an economic one. In the 1980's, boardroom behaviour was perceived as unresponsive, mercenary, formal, guarded, ritualistic and legalistic. However, we know little about the culture of these 'managerial elites' (Pettigrew and McNulty, 1995) but one approach is to adopt a psychoanalytic perspective. Psychoanalytic theory is, inter alia, a method of understanding group processes. Bion (1959) and Bridger (1986) postulated that rationality in groups could be compromised by the activity of 'basic assumptions' or unconscious mechanisms that, in turn, can impact upon the formation of the group as a social institution (Fenichel, 1945). The search for deep, underlying structures has been continuously advocated by Geertz (1973), an anthropologist, and the need to distinguish between 'thin' and 'thick' description; the former relating to what is merely observable and the latter to an interpretive, iterative process that seeks out the basic significance of events. The psychoanalytic model, with its premise of not taking for granted what is directly observable, presents an opportunity to examine the power of unconscious group processes in the construction of boardroom decisions. This research aims to demonstrate that the application of clinical concepts to the analysis of boardroom relationships can produce an enriching effect on more traditional theories of organisational functioning.

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Smith, Doris Jean. „Reference groups and ritualistic behavior: A cultural perspective on addiction“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/571.

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45

Yeo, Ray (Siak Ying). „Contemporising Jonathan Edwards' theory of spiritual perception : towards an analytic theological psychology of transforming grace with special reference to Robert Roberts“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contemporising-jonathan-edwards-theory-of-spiritual-perception(9bef13cb-a801-409e-abfc-b3bb7c3b83b8).html.

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This dissertation is an attempt to revisit Jonathan Edwards’ theory of spiritual perception from the perspective of Robert Roberts’ work in the philosophy of emotions and other related philosophical sub-disciplines with the purpose of providing a contemporary account of spiritual perception and, by extension, a theological psychology of transforming grace. The contemporisation effort focuses on three main aspects of Edwards’ theory: the infusion of grace, the content of Scripture and spiritual delight. The weaknesses and limitations of Edwards’ original account in these three aspects were examined and a proposal to revise, update and deepen his theory in five major ways was provided in light of the issues raised. The contemporised account of spiritual perception constitutes an overall advancement over Edwards’ original theory in two ways. First, it avoids a number of the difficulties that the original faces. Second, it further refines some aspects of Edwards’ account that were underdeveloped and brings many of Edwards’ insights into conversation with various spheres of contemporary discussion. Moreover, the contemporised account also examines the psychological basis of spiritual perception in a way that Edwards never did. In particular, it argues that the capacity for spiritual perception of the supreme good is grounded in a wisdom-like seminal virtue centered upon the incarnate Christ (i.e., Christocentric wisdom). Such wisdom, on the contemporised account, is considered the psychological core of transforming grace and the foundational basis upon which all other Christian virtues are formed.

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Hoepf, Michael Raymond. „Domain-specific Core Self-evaluations and Stressors as Predictors of Strains“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1289427138.

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47

Haggerty, Kathryn Ann. „How do mothers communicate to young children about location“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/512.

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We conducted three experiments to better understand how mothers structure their input to young children for finding hidden objects and how young children use this input to guide their searches. We examined the reference frames and spatial terms mothers use to communicate with their 2.5-, 3.0-, and 3.5-year-old children about location by asking mothers to verbally disambiguate a target hiding container from an identical non-target hiding container for their child. We varied the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to a landmark and to the mother and child. The target and non-target containers were on opposite sides of the landmark in Experiment 1 and on the same side of the landmark in Experiments 2 and 3. The absolute distance of the containers from the landmark was increased in Experiment 3, while the relative distance of the containers to the landmark and to the mother and child remained the same. In all of the experiments, mothers' reference frame use was governed by the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to the landmark and themselves. Older children followed directions more successfully than did younger children. The Discussion focuses on how the age of the child and the characteristics of the task shape maternal spatial communication.

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Borders-Simmons, Denise G. „Contextual variability and communicative competence : reference and cohesion strategies in narrative discourse by Black working-class children /“. Access Digital Full Text version, 1985. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10604078.

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49

Amos, E. J. D. „A study of usage in the terminology of integration with specific reference to some differential elements that may infuence it“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234534.

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50

Julius, Hayley. „Internalised shame and racialised identity in South Africa, with specific reference to 'coloured' identity : a quantitative study at two Western Cape universities“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7996.

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Bibliography: leaves 64-71.
Drawing on Social Identity Theory, with particular reference to racialisation in South Africa, this study looked at the significance of shame for a group of people who identify with the racially ascribed group of 'coloured'. It was also the purpose of the study to determine whether there were significant differences in shame amongst three groups of respondents who identified themselves as 'black', 'white', and 'coloured', as an indication of institutional apartheid's bastardisation of certain identities and the consequences thereof in self-conscious emotions. The sample consisted of 444 students at the University of Cape Town and the University of the Western Cape, with a 'racial' demographic breakdown of 131 'black' respondents, 136 'white' respondents, 132 'coloured' respondents, 11 'Indian' respondents, and 15 respondents who chose the option of 'other'. As the three major groups of interest was 'black', 'white', and 'coloured', and sample sizes of other groups were small, information for these latter groups were discarded. The independent variable, strength of 'racial' identification across the 'race' categories of 'black', 'white', and 'coloured', was measured by a 24-item instrument comprising a 16-item Collective Self-Esteem Scale (Luhtanen and Crocker, 1992) that had been supplemented by 8 items from Bornman's (1988) racial identification scale. The dependent variable was shame and the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 2001) was used as a measure of this. A demographic questionnaire was compiled and respondents were asked to voluntarily respond to these three self-report measures in one sitting, administered in their lecture theatre during usual lecture times.

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