Thematische Bibliographien / Reduction of performance of buildings

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Reduction of performance of buildings“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Satola, Daniel, Martin Röck, Aoife Houlihan-Wiberg und Arild Gustavsen. „Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis“. Buildings 11, Nr. 1 (24.12.2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010006.

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Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73%.

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Alghamdi, Abdulaziz, Guangji Hu, Husnain Haider, Kasun Hewage und Rehan Sadiq. „Benchmarking of Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows in Academic Buildings: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (29.05.2020): 4422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114422.

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In Canada, higher educational institutions (HEIs) are responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption and anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving the environmental performance of HEIs is an important step to achieve nationwide impact reduction. Academic buildings are among the largest infrastructure units in HEIs. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the environmental performance of academic buildings during their operations. Identifying critical academic buildings posing high impacts calls for methodologies that can holistically assess the environmental performance of buildings with respect to water and energy consumption, and GHG emission. This study proposes a fuzzy clustering approach to classify academic buildings in an HEI and benchmark their environmental performance in terms of water, energy, and carbon flows. To account for the fuzzy uncertainties in partitioning, the fuzzy c-means algorithm is employed to classify the buildings based on water, energy, and carbon flow indicators. The application of the developed methodology is demonstrated by a case study of 71 academic buildings in the University of British Columbia, Canada. The assessed buildings are grouped into three clusters representing different levels of performances with different degrees of membership. The environmental performance of each cluster is then benchmarked. Based on the results, the environmental performances of academic buildings are holistically determined, and the building clusters associated with low environmental performances are identified for potential improvements. The subsequent benchmark will allow HEIs to compare the impacts of academic building operations and set realistic targets for impact reduction.

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Sarevet, Henri, Jevgeni Fadejev, Martin Thalfeldt und Jarek Kurnitski. „Residential buildings with heat pumps peak power reduction with high performance insulation“. E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212008.

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Revised EPBD directive has set ambitious targets for nearly zero energy buildings. In residential buildings, energy performance can be improved mainly by applying better insulation of building fabric and by efficient energy sources, i.e. heat pumps. Electricity use and peak powers will increase when heat pumps, both air to water and ground source heat pumps, are used for heat source in new residential buildings compared to heating solutions that do not use electricity. The purpose of this study was to determine how much the high performance thermal insulation can compensate the increase of electricity use and peak power caused by extensive application of heat pumps in Finland residential buildings. The present study used five residential buildings that describe residential newbuild market. Finnish regulation defines minimum insulation level and high performance insulation level which were applied to single family houses, terraced house and apartment buildings to simulate electric power values all year round. Hourly electrical power values were simulated with dynamic simulation software IDA ICE. Results show that electricity use and peak powers are rising significantly when heat pumps are used, but better insulation level significantly decreases or even fully compensates the amount of additional electric power. The results can be used for the assesment of implications of extensive use of heat pumps to power grid.

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Ingeli, Rastislav, Katarína Minarovičová und Miroslav Čekon. „Architectural Elements with Respect to the Energy Performance of Buildings“. Advanced Materials Research 1020 (Oktober 2014): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.561.

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Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)

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Wang, He, Yinqi Zhang, Weijun Gao und Soichiro Kuroki. „Life Cycle Environmental and Cost Performance of Prefabricated Buildings“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (25.03.2020): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072609.

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Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the construction industry continue to increase at an annual rate of 1.5%. It is particularly important to understand the characteristics of the building life cycle to reduce its environmental impact. This paper aims to assess the environmental impact of prefabricated buildings and traditional cast-in-situ buildings over the building life cycle using a hybrid model. A case study of a building with a 40% assembly rate in Japan was employed for evaluation. It concluded that the total energy consumption, and carbon emissions of the prefabricated building was 7.54%, and 7.17%, respectively, less than that of the traditional cast-in-situ building throughout the whole life cycle. The carbon emissions reduction in the operation phase reached a peak of 4.05 kg CO2/year∙m2. The prefabricated building was found to cost less than the traditional cast-in-situ building, reducing the price per square meter by 10.62%. The prefabricated building has advantages in terms of reducing global warming, acid rain, and health damage by 15% reduction. With the addition of the assembly rate, the carbon emissions and cost dropped, bottoming out when the assembly rate was 60%. After that, an upward trend was shown with the assembly rate increasing. Additionally, this study outlined that the prefabricated pile foundations is not applicable due to its high construction cost and environmental impact.

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Wong, James Pow Chew. „Building energy performance assessment for existing commercial buildings with heritage values“. MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927703018.

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The building sector accounts for 19% of Australia's energy consumption and around 23% of the greenhouse gas emissions. In 2005, commercial buildings in Australia were responsible for 10% or 26 megatonnes (Mt) of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions. They are two effective ways to reduce the building sector's emissions, namely constructing new energy efficient buildings or retrofitting existing buildings. Due to the life expectancy of existing building stock the greatest reduction in emissions before 2030 could be achieved through retrofits. Building performance assessment and evaluation uses predictive modelling method to investigate and evaluate building performance in energy demands, thermal occupant comfort, indoor air quality, building retrofit options and many other related environmental and wellbeing aspects. This paper discussed the use of building performance simulation software to investigate the impacts of various retrofit options have onto energy performance of existing commercial buildings with heritage values in Australia. The research explores the use of thermal and airflow modelling in assisting understanding of building energy performance with various retrofit options applied to existing commercial buildings. The finding highlights the capabilities of building performance simulation software in decision making for building performance investigations.

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Yimprayoon, C. „PM2.5 reduction performance of LEED certified buildings in Thailand“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 588 (21.11.2020): 042008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/588/4/042008.

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Draper, Phil. „350 Euston Road: Improving building performances and carbon footprint with innovative heating, ventilation and air conditioning solutions – A case study“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, Nr. 6 (08.10.2017): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417735228.

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This case study paper describes the advantages of how heat pumps with heat recovery worked to contribute to improving energy performance and reducing the carbon footprint of buildings, with a short payback, thus showing it is a viable technology for energy cost reduction and for improving the environmental impact of buildings within the UK. All actions were taken based on performance for both the current and the future expected needs of the building and are measured against a baseline. The research and results confirm that heat pumps with heat recovery are a viable solution for London office buildings offering an integrated approach to building heating and cooling. The project resulted in a final reduction of 62% on the base building controlled utilities (total building less occupier power). The added benefits will be around the carbon benefits that the resultant 86% reduction in gas will bring due to the gradual de-carbonisation of the electric energy production in the UK. Practical application: This paper illustrates how to utilise an existing building’s energy use data to determine how relatively simple technology can optimise the provision of simultaneous heating and cooling for comfort. It also details how modelled data can be used to allow the correct sizing of equipment to deliver both good internal comfort and low carbon emissions.

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Yousefi, Yasin, Petra Gratton und Dilshad Sarwar. „Investigating the Opportunities to Improve the Thermal Performance of a Case Study Building in London“. International Journal of Strategic Engineering 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijose.2021010101.

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This study was carried out to investigate the opportunities of improving thermal performance by focusing on envelope effects of a building located in London. Firstly, through a broad literature review of the previous conducted case studies, an investigation of all the building envelope aspects and parameters influencing the thermal performance of the building was conducted to provide critical information of thermal performance of the envelope components within the UK buildings. Then, onsite measurements were carried out to obtain the building's base case heating load using the standard CIBSE GUIDE A 2017 heat load calculation methodology. Neglecting thermal bridging in the heating calculation showed 8% reduction in the building's total heating load. Also, 17% reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions was achieved by applying polyurethane-foam and polystyrene-boards as cavity and external wall insulations, respectively. Moreover, the effect of applying both insulation in the energy consumption, CO2 emissions, cost and payback period analysis was analysed.

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Jarošová, Petra, und Jiří Vala. „New Approaches to the Thermal Design of Energy Saving Buildings“. Advanced Materials Research 1126 (Oktober 2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.59.

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European directive on energy performance of buildings (2010) and related national technical rules force reduction of energy consumption of both new and reconstructed buildings due to the so-called passive standard. Consequently the thermal design of such buildings, utilizing advanced materials, structures and technologies, requires proper analysis of relevant physical processes, unlike classical evaluations of thermal resistance from one-dimensional stationary heat conduction. The paper demonstrates a possibility of compromise between complicated multi-physical models and realistic thermal estimation of buildings, as well as some optimization procedures in building design leading to energy reduction.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Duran, Ozlem. „Evaluation of retrofitting strategies for post-war office buildings“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32268.

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The energy used in non-domestic buildings accounts for 18 % of the energy use in the UK. Within the non-domestic building stock, 11 % of office buildings have a very high influence on the energy use. Thus, the retrofit of office buildings has a significant potential for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction within the non-domestic building stock. However, the replacement rate of existing buildings by new-build is only around 1-3 % per annum. Post-war office buildings, (built between 1945 and 1985) represent a promising sector for retrofit and energy demand reduction. They have disproportionately high energy consumption because many were built before the building regulations addressed thermal performance. The aim of the research is to evaluate the retrofit strategies for post-war office buildings accounting for the improved energy efficiency, thermal comfort and hence, productivity, capital and the running costs. The research seeks to provide the optimal generic retrofit strategies and illustrate sophisticated methods which will be the basis for guidelines about post-war office building retrofit. For this, multiple combinations of heating and cooling retrofit measures were applied to representative models (Exemplar) of post-war office buildings using dynamic thermal simulation modelling. The retrofit strategies include; applying envelope retrofit to UK Building Regulations Part L2B and The Passivhaus Institue EnerPHit standards for heating demand reduction and winter comfort. Passive cooling interventions such as shading devices and night ventilation and active cooling intervention such as mixed-mode ventilation were applied to overcome summer overheating. All retrofit combinations were evaluated considering future climate, inner and outer city locations and different orientations. In summary, the results showed that under current weather conditions Part L2B standard retrofit with passive cooling provided the optimum solution. In 2050, however, both Part L2B retrofit naturally ventilated cases with the passive cooling measures and EnerPHit retrofit mixed-mode ventilation cases provide the requisite thermal comfort and result in a similar range of energy consumption. It was concluded that to create generic retrofit solutions which could be applied to a given typology within the building stock is possible. The methodology and the Exemplar model could be used in future projects by decision-makers and the findings and analysis of the simulations could be taken as guidance for the widespread retrofit of post-war office buildings.

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Geyser, Martinus Fredrik. „A new integrated procedure for energy audits and analyses of buildings / M.F. Geyser“. Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/414.

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A rapid growth in the national electricity demand is placing an ever-increasing demand on the national electricity supply utility, Eskom. Projections show that the load demand in South Africa may exceed the installed capacity by as early as 2007. This is mainly due to the increase in demand in the residential sector as a result of the electrification of rural and previously disadvantaged communities. However, the industrial and commercial sectors also have a role in this increase. In an attempt to reduce the demand for electricity Eskom has adopted its Demand Side Management (DSM) initiative. This initiative is aimed at lowering the electricity demand in peak times through energy efficiency (EE) or load shift, out of peak demand times. Eskom is implementing the DSM strategy by financing Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) to reduce the demand load of major electricity end-users during peak times. Buildings consume a large percentage of the total energy supply in the world. Most of the energy consumed in buildings is used by the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as lighting. However, a large potential for energy savings exists in buildings. Studies have shown that up to 70% of the electricity consumption of a building can be saved through retrofit studies. However, to capitalise on these opportunities, the ESCOs require tools and procedures that would enable them to accomplish energy savings studies quickly and efficiently. It should be a holistic approach to the typical ESCO building audit. A study of current available software programs showed the lack of holistic tools aimed specifically at retrofit audits, and therefore also the need for such a program. The building simulation program most suited to the retrofit study was chosen and it was used in a retrofit audit. By emulating a retrofit audit with this software, its performance in the field, both positive and negative, could be established. With the experience gained from the retrofit study, as well as input from ESCOs in the industry, a need for such a retrofit tool was established. The simulation program that was tested in the retrofit study is the tool Quickcontrol, as well as the newer version of the program, entitled QEC. The case study showed that even though these packages are well suited to ESCO work, they have certain drawbacks in view of the holistic project approach. The ESCOs require a simple, fast, and integrated procedure for energy audits. This procedure should be embodied in a software program. This study proposes a new integrated procedure for energy audits and the analyses of buildings, in the form of a software tool. This new tool is geared towards the ESCO building audit, in both South A6ica and internationally. It is designed to enable a diplomate engineer to accomplish a building energy and retrofit analysis in two weeks, leading the user through all the main project steps, from data acquisition to writing of the final project report. This is a significant improvement, since it normally takes 50 man-days for an experienced and trained engineering team to complete a full building audit. This tool was used in a case study to test its validity and accuracy. It was found that certain situations would arise in which the criteria that were set for the program would not be adequate. The results from the case study were favourable and satisfied the criteria that were set for the procedure.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Ferreira, Vasco Guedes. „The analysis of primary metered half-hourly electricity and gas consumption in municipal buildings“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3268.

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This thesis addressed the need for improved analysis and interpretation of primary meter half-hourly energy consumption data. The current work offers a novel benchmarking technique that was tested for 6 types of municipal buildings. This approach is different from conventional annual benchmarking mainly because it uses electricity and gas data in half-hourly periods, together with outside temperature data. A survey to European local authorities’ metering and monitoring practices was conducted in order to assess municipal energy managers' current procedures and needs in terms of data analysis to assess building energy performance and to identify potential energy saving opportunities. The benchmarking approach was developed considering the energy managers’ needs, but also the state-of the art in terms of building energy monitoring techniques, particularly building energy signatures, and the analysis techniques used on electricity grid demand forecasting. The benchmarking approach is based on the use of a metric composed of several indicators that are related to the load demand shape profile and the building energy signature. The comparison of indicators for buildings of the same type using standard scores identifies uncommon load demand profile characteristics and/or gas dependency on outside temperature in specific buildings. The metric is able to support the identification of potential energy wastage, which is linked to the detection of opportunities to save energy. The benchmarking technique was tested in 81 municipal building owned by Leicester City Council. This methodology can be applied to any non-domestic building equipped with primary meters for registering half-hourly electricity and gas consumption. In theory, this approach can also be applied to residential buildings, and to other short time series data types, for example quarter-hourly or 10 minutes interval data. The main contribution of this thesis is to improve the objectivity of building primary meter half-hourly electricity and gas consumption data analysis and interpretation by using quantitative parameters, instead of subjective visualisation techniques. The interpretation of building consumption data in short time series periods can now be streamlined, automated and perhaps incorporated in existing energy analysis software. This thesis raises questions that can lead to future research projects aiming to improve the metric and also to enlarge the scope of its application to national and European scale, to other building types and to other utilities.

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Bučko, Ondrej. „Efektivní řízení technologií budov s důrazem na měření vlhkosti a koncentrace CO2“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442540.

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The diploma thesis deals with automated measurement of humidity and CO2 concentration inside buildings. Results of this measurement form the input parameters for the effective management of technologies reducing the energy performance of buildings. In the introduction, the issue of indoor air quality of buildings and indicators characterizing this quality are approached. The technical part of the thesis consists of making a measuring device which contains two prototype sensors provided by Teco Inc. with online access to measured data. The measurement of relative humidity, CO2 concentration and temperature in the interior of the building with the made device is compared with commercially available devices for measuring selected parameters. For unambiguous interpretation of online data, the virtual machine with an online database is configured for the created measuring device. The possibilities of using the prepared measuring device to achieve a reduction in the energy performance of buildings are discussed in the final part.

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Forsberg, Alexander, und Aras Wali. „Vibration reduction over junctions in buildings“. Thesis, KTH, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet MWL, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302260.

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Structure borne sound can travel multiple paths from one office to another and choosing to sound insulate a specific building element can be difficult since all the building elements are connected together and form a coupled system. The current approach by engineers when investigating transmission paths between spaces in a building is using a computer model and assuming that the junctions are firmly clamped or free. Standardized measuring methods includes a large amount of measuring points on each side of a junction and excitation over large areas. This study intends to investigate if it is possible to gain valuable information with a small amount of measuring points in a field measurement by comparing the data with an analytical model and a finite element model. The field measurement consisted of excitation from an impulse hammer from two excitation points and three accelerometers placed on each side of the junctions and on both sides of the separating wall. The measurement took place in a office building, with no information about the structure other than length, width and thickness of the elements.The reduction over the junctions varied with frequency and no general conclusion could be made about the transmission paths. The results showed high vibration reduction over the junction in low frequencies which then decreased in higher frequencies. Measurement results in low frequencies coincided with the analytical model, that vibration reduction is high over a junction for lighter separating walls in low frequencies and decrease quickly as frequency increases. Different results over each junction was obtained depending on excitation point, which indicates that there is flanking transmission along with the fact that it is a complex coupled system.
Strukturburet ljud kan färdas flera olika vägar från ett kontor till ett annat och att ljudisolera en specifik vägg kan vara svårt då alla byggnadselement är ihopkopplade och skapar ett kopplat system. Den nuvarande metoden ingenjörer använder för att undersöka transmissionsvägar mellan rum är att skapa modeller i datorprogram där antaganden att byggnadselementen är fast inspända eller fritt upplagda är gjorda. Standardiserade mätmetoder använder sig av en stor mängd mätpunkter på båda sidor om knutpunkterna och excitationer över stora ytor. Den här studien avser att undersöka möjligheten att erhålla värdefull information med ett fåtal mätpunkter i en fältmätning genom att jämföra den samlade mätdatan med en analytisk modell och en FEM modell. Fältmätningen består av excitation med en impulshammare i två excitationspunkter och tre accelerometrar på vardera sida om knutpunkterna och båda sidor om skiljeväggen. Mätningen utfördes i en kontorsbyggnad, utan någon information om strukturen förutom längd, bredd och tjocklek på byggnadselementen.Reduktionen över knutpunkterna varierade i frekvens och inga generella slutsatser kunde göras angående transmissionsvägar. Resultaten visade hög reduktion i vibrationsskillnad över knutpunkterna i låga frekvenser vilket minskade med ökad frekvens. Mätningsresultaten stämde överens med den analytiska modellen i låga frekvenser, med avseende på att reduktionen över knutpunkter med lätt skiljevägg är hög i låga frekvenser och avtar med ökad frekvens. Resultaten över knutpunkterna var beroende på val av excitationspunkt vilket indikerar att mätresultaten innehåller flankerande transmissioner och att det är ett komplext kopplat system.

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Castilho, Gabriela Mouriño. „Energy behaviour and consumption reduction in service buildings“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23298.

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Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis
In view of the current global scenery, in which several nations are striving against global warming, energy efficiency rises as a cost-effective prospect. As the building sector accounts for over one-fifth of the total delivered energy consumed worldwide, it has great potential for implementing rationalization and energy efficiency measures. Service buildings are expected to have the highest growth in energy consumption when compared to residential buildings and are therefore the focus of this thesis. Energy reduction efforts for service buildings are vast; however, they are concentrated mostly on technological opportunities. Behaviour changes represent a great potential for reducing energy consumption without significant financial costs, but still, they are commonly disregarded. Hence, the present dissertation aims to propose a quantitative methodology to analyze occupants’ behaviours and their impact on energy consumption in service buildings. Results are acquired through the use of dynamic simulation, namely DesignBuilder software. Energy consumption due to behaviour is determined by simulating the occupant interactions with equipment, lighting and HVAC systems. To that end, three occupancy profiles were fixed: standard occupants’ interactions are defined by Decree-Law nº 79/2006; efficient occupants have extreme efficient behaviours leading to energy savings; inefficient ones lead to extreme energy waste. Dynamic simulation results give evidence of the occupancy impact on energy consumption. Efficient behaviours were able to reduce energy consumption by over 34%. However, regardless of the rigorousness of efficient behaviours, waste potential by inefficient occupants was always higher than saving potential. This result highlights the importance of understanding occupant behaviours and its accurate consideration of dynamic simulation tools.
No atual cenário mundial, no qual diversas nações lutam contra o aquecimento global, a eficiência energética se destaca como uma opção viável. O setor de edifícios é responsável pelo consumo de mais de um quinto da energia total gerada, e por isso possui grande potencial para a implementação de medidas de racionalização e eficiência energética. Espera-se que os edifícios de serviços tenham o maior crescimento no consumo de energia quando comparados aos edifícios residenciais, e, portanto, são o foco desta tese. As possibilidades de redução de energia para os edifícios de serviços são vastas; no entanto, estas se concentram principalmente em oportunidades tecnológicas. As mudanças de comportamento representam um grande potencial para reduzir o consumo de energia sem custos financeiros significativos, no entanto ainda são geralmente desconsiderados. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação visa propor uma metodologia quantitativa para análise dos comportamentos dos ocupantes e seu impacto no consumo de energia em edifícios de serviços. Os resultados foram adquiridos através do uso da simulação dinâmica de edifícios, pelo software DesignBuilder. O consumo de energia devido ao comportamento foi determinado pela simulação das interações entre os ocupantes e os equipamentos, sistema de iluminação e de aquecimento, ar condicionado e ventilação. Para este fim, foram considerados três perfis de ocupação: o ocupante de referência teve por base as definições do Decreto-Lei nº 79/2006; os ocupantes eficientes possuem comportamentos extremos e eficientes que levam a economias de energia; ocupantes ineficientes causam um desperdício extremo de energia. Resultados da simulação dinâmica evidenciam o impacto da ocupação no consumo de energia. Comportamentos eficientes . foram capazes de reduzir o consumo em mais de 34%. No entanto, independentemente do rigor dos comportamentos eficientes, o potencial de desperdício de energia pelos ocupantes ineficientes foi, em todos os casos, superior ao potencial de economia energética pelos ocupantes eficientes.Este resultado destaca a importância de compreender os comportamentos dos ocupantes e assegurar sua análise de forma precisa sobre as ferramentas de simulação dinâmica.

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Boffa, John. „Model reduction of large structural systems for active vibration control /“. Electronic version, 2002. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060317.113054/index.html.

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Williams, Matthew Joseph. „Performance Based Analysis of Steel Buildings“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/209.

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This project investigated the performance of two separate building types, designed using ASCE 7-05, using the analysis procedures from ASCE 41-06. The results from the ASCE 41-06 analyses were compared to the expected performance level of Life Safety to determine the adequacy of the ASCE 7-05 design. ASCE 7-05 is intended to result in designs that perform to a Life Safety performance level regardless of the building type. A design using the AISC specifications for a steel Special Moment Frame and the lateral loads from ASCE 7-05 resulted in a building that slightly exceeded an Immediate Occupancy performance level for the BSE-1 Hazard Level. In comparison, a design using the AISC specifications for steel Special Concentric Braced Frame resulted in a building that performed to a Collapse Prevention performance level for the BSE-1 Hazard Level.

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Bonde, Magnus. „Green Buildings : Exploring performance and thresholds“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184874.

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The overall aim of this research project is to study green/energy-efficient real estate from an economic perspective. The thesis summarizes the results from five different studies with a connection to green/energy-efficient real estate.The aim of the first paper (paper A) is to study how tenants perceive the indoor environment in green-rated premises, and to compare these results with tenants’ perception of a conventional building’s indoor environment. The main result is that the tenants in the green-rated building are more satisfied with the indoor environment than the tenants in the conventional building.Papers B and C assess whether energy efficiency has an impact on buildings’ income and market values using Swedish real-estate data. The key result is that although there is a small impact on building-related income, this does not seem to translate into a higher market value.The last two papers included in this thesis study hindrances to a more energy-efficient building sector. In paper D, two office buildings are used as baseline cases to provide insights into the difficulties that can arise when trying to upgrade a building to make it more energy efficient. The results indicate that changing existing leases is a prohibitive process and that it is often difficult to evaluate the final impact of an energy upgrade. The last paper focuses on why it may be rational to postpone green refurbishments even if they are profitable. The main result is that it may be rational to postpone such refurbishments. However, by introducing different financial penalties and/or subsidies, these investments could be triggered today.To sum up, the results indicate that green buildings are preferred by tenants, but that there still appear to be economic barriers to a greener building sector.
Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att studera grön/energieffektiva byggnader ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Avhandlingen består av en kappa och fem separata studier, vilka belyser tre olika forskningsfrågor. Syftet med den första studien är att studera hur hyresgäster upplever inomhusmiljön i gröna byggnader. I studien jämförs inomhusmiljön i en grön byggnad med inomhusmiljön i en likvärdig konventionell byggnad. Resultatet visar, på det stora hela, att hyresgästerna är mer nöjda med inomhusmiljön i den gröna byggnaden. De nästföljande studierna, B respektive C, undersöker om byggnadens energiprestanda har någon inverkan på dess hyra respektive marknadsvärde. Resultaten visar på en liten signifikant hyrespåverkan, dock verkar denna inte ha någon effekt på byggnadernas marknadsvärdebedömningar. Skälet till detta kan vara att hyrespremien anses för liten för att ha någon signifikant inverkan på byggnadens marknadsvärde, alternativt att fastighetsvärderare inte beaktar energiprestanda när en fastighet värderas. De två sista studierna studerar varför vissa, tillsynes lönsamma, energiinvesteringar inte genomförs. Resultaten från studie D visar på svårigheterna med att ingå ett samarbetsavtal (för att eliminera felaktiga incitament) mellan hyresgäst och hyresvärd. Sådana avtal tar lång tid att förhandla fram och det uppkommer ofta svårigheter med att utvärdera de tänkta energiinvesteringarnas ekonomiska utfall. Studie E utgår ifrån en realoptionsmodell, vilken används för att utvärdera när ”gröna” renoveringar bör genomföras i en befintlig byggnad. Studien visar att det kan vara rationellt att vänta trots att investeringen idag är lönsam. Vidare visar resultaten att det är möjligt att via byggsubventioner/finansiella ”straff” påverka aktörer att tidigarelägga energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. Dock är det viktigt att dessa utformas korrekt så att det inte skapar några snedvridna incitament. Övergripande visar resultaten att gröna byggnader är att föredra ur ett brukarperspektiv men att det fortfarande finns ekonomiska hinder för en mer hållbar byggsektor. Nyckelord: gröna byggnader, energieffektiva byggnader, EPC, inomhusmiljö, Realoptioner, fastighetsekonomi.

QC 20160407

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Ming, Ruisen. „The measurement of structural wave intensity applied to buildings“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1470.

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Bücher zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Conference Distribution India (2nd 2007 New Delhi, India). Loss reduction & performance quality improvement. Herausgegeben von Varma C. V. J, Council of Power Utilities (New Delhi, India), Association of Electric Supply Industry (India), International Business Machines Corporation, KLG Systel (Firm), Oracle Corporation und India Core (Organization : New Delhi, India). New Delhi: Council of Power Utilities, 2007.

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Epaulard, Anne. Macr oeconomic performance and poverty reduction. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2003.

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Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Olatz Irulegi und Mattheos Santamouris, Hrsg. Energy Performance of Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2.

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Council, Applied Technology. Seismic performance assessment of buildings. Washington, D.C: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2012.

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Fitzgerald, Robert W., und Brian J. Meacham. Fire Performance Analysis for Buildings. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118926321.

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Professional Development Program (National Council of Architectural Registration Boards), Hrsg. Improving building performance. Washington, D.C: National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 2003.

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Creating a strategic energy reduction plan. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmont Press, Inc., 2014.

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Hartel, Pieter H. Performance analysis of storage management in combinator graph reduction. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 1988.

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Saat, M. R. Statistical approach to estimating surge pressure reduction devices' performance. Washington, D.C.?]: Association of American Railroads, 2005.

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Rayment, R. Investigations of the performance of domestic central heating systems and of reductions in building fabric losses. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Vorley, Wade L., und Lauran Drown. „Moisture Reduction Strategies for Building Envelopes“. In Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance, 396–419. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161720180110.

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Meyer, Benjamin, und Maria Spinu. „Environmental Benefits of Continuous Air Barriers: Energy and CO2 Emissions Reduction Due to Building Envelope Airtightness“. In Symposium on Whole Building Air Leakage: Testing and Building Performance Impacts, 87–111. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161520180017.

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Ward, Ian. „Carbon Reduction in Buildings“. In A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering, 123–38. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315172026-11.

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Dunning, Scott, und Larry S. Katz. „High Performance Buildings“. In Energy Calculations & Problem Solving Sourcebook, 137–50. Lilburn, GA : The Fairmont Press, Inc., [2017]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151296-12.

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Kolokotsa, Dionysia Denia. „Office Buildings/Commercial Buildings: Trends and Perspectives“. In Energy Performance of Buildings, 203–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_10.

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Arya, Anand S. „Disaster Risk Reduction for Buildings“. In Advances in Indian Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 367–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76855-7_17.

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Kumari, L. M. T., U. Kulatunga, N. Madusanka und N. Jayasena. „Embodied Carbon Reduction Strategies for Buildings“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 295–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9749-3_28.

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de Oliveira Fernandes, Eduardo. „The Built Environment and Its Policies“. In Energy Performance of Buildings, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_1.

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Papadopoulos, Agis M. „Energy Efficiency in Hospitals: Historical Development, Trends and Perspectives“. In Energy Performance of Buildings, 217–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_11.

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Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, und Olatz Irulegi. „The Hotel Industry: Current Situation and Its Steps Beyond Sustainability“. In Energy Performance of Buildings, 235–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_12.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Ciampoli, Marcello, und Francesco Petrini. „Performance-Based Aeolian Risk Assessment and Reduction for Tall Buildings“. In 6th International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7619-7_p019.

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Holmes, W. T., J. E. Rodgers, S. Wij, M. Gupta, H. Kumar, L. T. Tobin und A. Seth. „Seismic Risk Reduction for Schools with Stone Slab Roof Systems in Delhi“. In ATC and SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41084(364)25.

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Yang, Jann N., Silian Lin und Faryar Jabbari. „Performance-based design of active/hybrid protective systems for vibration reduction of buildings“. In SPIE's 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, herausgegeben von S. C. Liu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.434130.

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Gilani, Amir S. J., und H. Kit Miyamoto. „Large-Scale World Bank Seismic Risk Reduction Program for Public Buildings in Metro Manila, Philippines“. In Second ATC & SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479728.059.

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Almutairi, Hamad H., Abdulrahman Almutairi und Jaber H. Almutairi. „Influence of Façade Area on Thermal Performance of Building for Cooling Purposes“. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86033.

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Buildings account for significant energy consumption worldwide particularly in regions where energy patterns influenced primarily by weather. Air conditioning system became an essential evaluation factor during building design and construction. The level of curiosity about air conditioning system efficiency in terms of energy usage is increasing quickly. In Kuwait; which is a hot climate country; air conditioners account for 70% of total electrical power. Electricity in Kuwait is produced entirely by the non-renewable energy resources. This work aims to assess the potential electrical savings that could be acquired by reducing building’s façade area towards East-West directional orientation in Kuwait. For this purpose, a detached building model with uniform geometry; was simulated by Energy Plus Thermal Simulation Engine through its interface with DesignBuilder software. Two cases were developed for the analysis; both have the same simulation inputs. The only difference was the orientation of the facades. The results show a reduction of about 900 kWh cooling annually if the largest facades were positioned towards north and south. The obtained saving in annual basis is attributed to about 420 kWh electrical power. Equivalent CO2 emissions associated with the saved electrical energy from power plants in Kuwait were estimated. The resulted savings are promising for early decision making for prospective buildings to be built in future.

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Naqvi, Afaan, Cole Roberts, James Woods, Michael Dimmel und Richard Tregaskes. „What’s Left Over: Process Loading in High Performance Buildings“. In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90209.

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As an increasing number of buildings aspire to significant energy reduction and higher Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) certifications, it is clear that non-regulated process loads are the single greatest remaining opportunity in high performance design. Historically outside the purview of state and national energy design standards, the performance of transformers, elevators, escalators, process systems, and consumer information technology underscore a significant challenge and rising opportunity. This paper examines the impact of non-regulated loads on high performance buildings, ranging from first cost to energy performance and occupant behavior.

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Reziakolaei, A.-Y., A. Sabzei und A. Soroushian. „ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS COST REDUCTION TECHNIQUE WHEN APPLIED TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS“. In 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120113.4664.c1441.

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Sangal, Dhruv, und Hamidreza Najafi. „Investigation of Thermal and Energy Performance of Green Roofs in Florida Climate“. In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71966.

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Buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of energy consumption in the United States. Utilizing efficient methods for reduction in energy consumption by buildings is of great importance. Green roofs have been known as an effective approach to reduce building energy usage (associated with cooling and heating load) as well as providing environmental benefits. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed in MATLAB considering several aspects of green roofs. The model is validated using available data from previous experimental research studies. A simulation is conducted to assess the performance of green roofs in Melbourne, FL. The study includes calculation of the energy savings associated with using a green roof in summer months and winter months.

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Yang, Yijun, Xu Zhihong und Yingbo Fan. „An Indicator Reduction Method for Contactor’s Performance Evaluation“. In 2019 4th International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igbsg.2019.8886320.

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Cobeen, Kelly E., Gary R. Searer, Terrence F. Paret und Sigmund A. Freeman. „Recommended Directions for IEBC Appendix Chapter A4: Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Wood-Frame Residential Buildings with Soft, Weak, or Open-Front Walls“. In ATC and SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41084(364)33.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Reduction of performance of buildings"

Fowler, Kimberly M., Na Wang, Rachel L. Romero und Michael P. Deru. Performance Metrics for Commercial Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033465.

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Dyson, Anna. Intelligent Facades for High Performance Green Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1355903.

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Walter, Travis, Laurel Dunn, Andrea Mercado, Richard Brown und Paul Mathew. Data Preparation Process for the Buildings Performance Database. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163654.

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Wray, Craig P. Duct thermal performance models for large commercial buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820660.

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Loss, W. Metal buildings study: performance of materials and field validation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7162485.

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Hendron, B. Introduction to Buildings Systems Performance: Houses That Work II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1217950.

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Singh, Reshma, Dale Sartor und Girish Ghatikar. Best Practices Guide for High-Performance Indian Office Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171533.

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McCabe, Molly. High-Performance Buildings ? Value, Messaging, Financial and Policy Mechanisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1013299.

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Nguyen, Mary. Green Buildings, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stock Market Performance. Portland State University Library, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.29.

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Miller, James, John Vavrin und Samuel Stidwell IV. Study of maintenance of High Performance Sustainable Buildings (HPSB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40080.

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A study was performed by the Energy Branch of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, on behalf of the US Army Installation Management Command under the Installation Technology Transition Program. The focus of the study was related to maintainability and operability issues associated with High Performance Sustainable Buildings (HPSBs). This study was conducted primarily based on information gleaned from telephone and web conference discussions with installation Directorate of Public Works personnel including Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Chiefs, energy managers, maintenance supervisors, and maintenance technicians. Experiences with HPSBs varied from installation to installation. For example, some installations had very positive experiences with photovoltaic (PV) arrays while other sites questioned their practicality due to maintainability problems. One site noted that PV technologies are changing so rapidly that procuring spare/repair parts becomes difficult or impossible when vendors discontinue supporting their older technologies or manufacturers go out of business. Based on discussions with the installation O&M personnel, a table of pro and con recommendations for 25 technologies, which are commonly implemented on HPSBs, was prepared and is included in this report.

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