Thematische Bibliographien / Reduce climate impact

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Reduce climate impact“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 12. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

Qiao, Yaning, Andrew R. Dawson, Tony Parry, Gerardo Flintsch und Wenshun Wang. „Flexible Pavements and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review and Implications“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 3 (02.02.2020): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031057.

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Flexible pavements and climate are interactive. Pavements are climate sensitive infrastructure, where climate can impact their deterioration rate, subsequent maintenance, and life-cycle costs. Meanwhile, climate mitigation measures are urgently needed to reduce the environmental impacts of pavements and related transportation on the macroclimate and microclimate. Current pavement design and life cycle management practices may need to be modified to adapt to changing climates and to reduce environmental impacts. This paper reports an extensive literature search on qualitative and quantitative pavement research related to climate change in recent years. The topics cover climate stressors, sensitivity of pavement performance to climatic factors, impacts of climate change on pavement systems, and, most importantly, discussions of climate change adaptation, mitigation, and their interactions. This paper is useful for those who aim to understand or research the climate resilience of flexible pavements.

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Niklaß, M., B. Lührs, V. Grewe, K. Dahlmann, T. Luchkova, F. Linke und V. Gollnick. „Potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation by climate restricted airspaces“. Transport Policy 83 (November 2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.12.010.

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Fanggidae, Yudi Riadi, Saktyanu Kristyantoadi Dermoredjo und Woro Estiningtyas. „Farmer’s perception on climate-related disasters and their impacts to support food farming“. E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602028.

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Changes and extreme climate events have an impact on and cause vulnerability to the food crop sub-sector. Extreme climatic events that have a significant impact on food farming are floods, drought, and pest/disease. The purpose of this study was to determine farmers’ perceptions of climate-related disasters and their impacts to support food farming. The survey and interviews were conducted in Leles Sub-District, Garut Regency in 2019, with the number of respondents was 28 people, were selected randomly. The results of the analysis showed that the climate-related disasters that occurred were pest/disease (43%), drought (18%) and floods (11%). The impact of extreme climates at the study site was a reduction in yields ranging from 5% to crop failure (puso). According to farmers, climate-related disasters occur as a result of weather factors, broken channels/embankments, excessive upstream water, closed drains, poor drainage and uneven water allocation to each land. The handling of this climate-related disaster by farmers was still limited. Farmers' perceptions, understanding and abilities in managing and anticipating climate disasters are needed in order to reduce the risk of food farming.

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Dahlmann, Katrin, Sigrun Matthes, Hiroshi Yamashita, Simon Unterstrasser, Volker Grewe und Tobias Marks. „Assessing the Climate Impact of Formation Flights“. Aerospace 7, Nr. 12 (08.12.2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7120172.

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An operational measure that is inspired by migrant birds aiming toward the mitigation of aviation climate impact is to fly in aerodynamic formation. When this operational measure is adapted to commercial aircraft it saves fuel and is, therefore, expected to reduce the climate impact of aviation. Besides the total emission amount, this mitigation option also changes the location of emissions, impacting the non-CO2 climate effects arising from NOx and H2O emissions and contrails. Here, we assess these non-CO2 climate impacts with a climate response model to assure a benefit for climate not only due to CO2 emission reductions, but also due to reduced non-CO2 effects. Therefore, the climate response model AirClim is used, which includes CO2 effects and also the impact of water vapor and contrail induced cloudiness as well as the impact of nitrogen dioxide emissions on the ozone and methane concentration. For this purpose, AirClim has been adopted to account for saturation effects occurring for formation flight. The results of the case studies show that the implementation of formation flights in the 50 most popular airports for the year 2017 display an average decrease of fuel consumption by 5%. The climate impact, in terms of average near surface temperature change, is estimated to be reduced in average by 24%, with values of individual formations between 13% and 33%.

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Matthes, Sigrun, Ling Lim, Ulrike Burkhardt, Katrin Dahlmann, Simone Dietmüller, Volker Grewe, Amund S. Haslerud et al. „Mitigation of Non-CO2 Aviation’s Climate Impact by Changing Cruise Altitudes“. Aerospace 8, Nr. 2 (31.01.2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8020036.

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Aviation is seeking for ways to reduce its climate impact caused by CO2 emissions and non-CO2 effects. Operational measures which change overall flight altitude have the potential to reduce climate impact of individual effects, comprising CO2 but in particular non-CO2 effects. We study the impact of changes of flight altitude, specifically aircraft flying 2000 feet higher and lower, with a set of global models comprising chemistry-transport, chemistry-climate and general circulation models integrating distinct aviation emission inventories representing such alternative flight altitudes, estimating changes in climate impact of aviation by quantifying radiative forcing and induced temperature change. We find in our sensitivity study that flying lower leads to a reduction of radiative forcing of non-CO2 effects together with slightly increased CO2 emissions and impacts, when cruise speed is not modified. Flying higher increases radiative forcing of non-CO2 effects by about 10%, together with a slight decrease of CO2 emissions and impacts. Overall, flying lower decreases aviation-induced temperature change by about 20%, as a decrease of non-CO2 impacts by about 30% dominates over slightly increasing CO2 impacts assuming a sustained emissions scenario. Those estimates are connected with a large but unquantified uncertainty. To improve the understanding of mechanisms controlling the aviation climate impact, we study the geographical distributions of aviation-induced modifications in the atmosphere, together with changes in global radiative forcing and suggest further efforts in order to reduce long standing uncertainties.

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Nielsen, Kristian S., Sander van der Linden und Paul C. Stern. „How Behavioral Interventions Can Reduce the Climate Impact of Energy Use“. Joule 4, Nr. 8 (August 2020): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.008.

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Smith, Pete, und Peter J. Gregory. „Climate change and sustainable food production“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, Nr. 1 (12.11.2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112002832.

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One of the greatest challenges we face in the twenty-first century is to sustainably feed nine to ten billion people by 2050 while at the same time reducing environmental impact (e.g. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, biodiversity loss, land use change and loss of ecosystem services). To this end, food security must be delivered. According to the United Nations definition, ‘food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life’. At the same time as delivering food security, we must also reduce the environmental impact of food production. Future climate change will make an impact upon food production. On the other hand, agriculture contributes up to about 30% of the anthropogenic GHG emissions that drive climate change. The aim of this review is to outline some of the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture, the mitigation measures available within agriculture to reduce GHG emissions and outlines the very significant challenge of feeding nine to ten billion people sustainably under a future climate, with reduced emissions of GHG. Each challenge is in itself enormous, requiring solutions that co-deliver on all aspects. We conclude that the status quo is not an option, and tinkering with the current production systems is unlikely to deliver the food and ecosystems services we need in the future; radical changes in production and consumption are likely to be required over the coming decades.

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Abd Ul RAzzaq Mohammed Jabbar, Dr Mohanad abed Hammad, Dr Ammeer Mohammed Khalaf,. „An Assessment of the Climatic Characteristics and Their Impact on the Traffic Accidents in the City of Ramadi“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 1 (14.02.2021): 5088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2020.

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The facets of the climate have a great impact on the traffic of different means of transportation as long as bad weather conditions usually reduce the density of the transportation, especially on the land roads, while good conditions help to increase the use of the land roads. The climatic characteristics have a direct impact on the occurrence of the traffic accidents for the increase in the amount of rain, the fog and the intensity of fog are all responsible factors for impeding traffic stream. This study aims at identifying the effect of the climatic characteristics on the traffic accidents in the Ramadi city through the climatic data and trying to find out the impact of each element on climatic ones on the traffic stream in the study area. This study also aims at reducing the impact of the climate in the traffic accidents in Ramadi city via finding some treatments to reduce the impact of the climatic characteristics in the occurrence of traffic accidents. The study comes up with that all the climate elements: rain, dust storms and fog have a direct effect on the occurrence of a number of accidents in the study area.

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Zscheischler, Jakob, Erich M. Fischer und Stefan Lange. „The effect of univariate bias adjustment on multivariate hazard estimates“. Earth System Dynamics 10, Nr. 1 (07.01.2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-31-2019.

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Abstract. Bias adjustment is often a necessity in estimating climate impacts because impact models usually rely on unbiased climate information, a requirement that climate model outputs rarely fulfil. Most currently used statistical bias-adjustment methods adjust each climate variable separately, even though impacts usually depend on multiple potentially dependent variables. Human heat stress, for instance, depends on temperature and relative humidity, two variables that are often strongly correlated. Whether univariate bias-adjustment methods effectively improve estimates of impacts that depend on multiple drivers is largely unknown, and the lack of long-term impact data prevents a direct comparison between model outputs and observations for many climate-related impacts. Here we use two hazard indicators, heat stress and a simple fire risk indicator, as proxies for more sophisticated impact models. We show that univariate bias-adjustment methods such as univariate quantile mapping often cannot effectively reduce biases in multivariate hazard estimates. In some cases, it even increases biases. These cases typically occur (i) when hazards depend equally strongly on more than one climatic driver, (ii) when models exhibit biases in the dependence structure of drivers and (iii) when univariate biases are relatively small. Using a perfect model approach, we further quantify the uncertainty in bias-adjusted hazard indicators due to internal variability and show how imperfect bias adjustment can amplify this uncertainty. Both issues can be addressed successfully with a statistical bias adjustment that corrects the multivariate dependence structure in addition to the marginal distributions of the climate drivers. Our results suggest that currently many modeled climate impacts are associated with uncertainties related to the choice of bias adjustment. We conclude that in cases where impacts depend on multiple dependent climate variables these uncertainties can be reduced using statistical bias-adjustment approaches that correct the variables' multivariate dependence structure.

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Constible, Juanita M., Luke H. Sandro und Richard E. Lee. „Carrion – It's What's for Dinner: Wolves Reduce the Impact of Climate Change“. American Biology Teacher 70, Nr. 2 (Februar 2008): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1662/0002-7685(2008)70[95:ciwfdw]2.0.co;2.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

Nilsson, Herman. „Integrating Sustainability in the Food Supply Chain : Two Measures to Reduce the Food Wastage in a Swedish Retail Store“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194122.

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Due to the growing world population, the environmental impact from the food supply chain is currently increasing in a global perspective, essentially because the global food consumption is increasing in general. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about one third of the edible portions of the food produced globally is lost or wasted along the way from raw materials to the dinner plate. When food is produced, transported, stored, treated and processed in different ways it consumes a lot of resources and energy and causes large negative impact on the environment due to emissions of pollutants affecting waters, soil and air. When food is wasted somewhere in the food supply chain, it implies unnecessary emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants and also entails a pointless extraction and use of natural resources: each since the production is made in vain. Sustainable development has been generally accepted as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Quite simple, this means that humanity of today needs to conserve the remaining resources on Earth and sharply reduce the anthropogenic environmental impact. In order to attain a state where man can live in equilibrium with the natural world,humanity must pursue sustainability in every activity and every movement. According to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) a reduction of food loss within the food supply chain could facilitate society’s quest to develop in a sustainable manner. The retail store is one place where large numbers of food items are gathered at the same location and where a lot of food is discarded, many times completely in vain. It is thus a suitable place to take actions to reduce the foodloss in a quite effective way. In a Swedish retail store located in Uppsala, two product specific measures have been introduced; a new display table intended to reduce the loss bananas and a new price reduction routine intended to reduce the loss of grilled chicken. This thesis aims to investigate whether the measures put in place actually have resulted in reduced losses or not. The goal of the study was to examine how much unnecessary environmental impact (in terms of contribution to global warming) that hence has been avoided. The research questions are studied through a combination of data analyses, interviews and life-cycle assessments. SWOT analyses have also been conducted in order to evaluate the introduced measures in terms of contribution to sustainable development within the food sector. The results of the study concluded that the measure based on price reduction has reduced the losses of grilled chicken with approximately 200 kg per annum. This implies that an annual climate impact of around 430 kgCO2-equivalents has not been caused in vain, which should be the case if the 200 kg of chickens had instead been discarded. The study however shows that the measure is not particularly effective and could be improved in order to further reduce the daily losses. The data analysis show that the banana waste that arises during the exposure in the store has decreased with 1 200 kg per year, implying that around 1 400 CO2-equivalents has not been caused in vain. However, the study also shows that a rather complex system containing economic routines for handling food waste, most likely is wrongly used. Unfortunately, the routines may affect the registered waste outcome from the new display table due to a relocation of the waste from one waste category to another. The new display table’s effect on the total waste quantity is therefore difficult to evaluate. The conducted SWOT-analyses finally concluded that both introduced measures had strong environmental and economic benefits (and also favorable social benefits in the case of the display table), making them good and useful interdisciplinary solutions in terms of sustainability: thus contributing to a sustainable development within the food sector.

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Grönlund, Jenny, und Johanna Petersson. „Arbetet med materialval för minskad klimatpåverkan inom den svenska byggbranschen : Erfarenheter från tre nyproduktionsprojekt i Sverige“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177263.

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Byggsektorn bidrar, genom en stor resursanvändning, med höga växthusgasutsläpp. Den största delen av utsläppen kommer frånmaterialanvändningen vid produktion av byggnader. En mer hållbar omställning bör ske inom byggbranschen för att minska utsläppen och därmedminska dess klimatpåverkan. I denna uppsats har respondenter från tre nyproduktionsprojekt i Sverige intervjuats för att synliggöra på vilka sätt deminskar sin klimatpåverkan samt vad som påverkar deras val för att möjliggöra en minskad klimatpåverkan. De tre projekten är projekt Högasten iHelsingborg, projekt Daggkåpan i Malmö och projekt Brf Viva i Göteborg. De främsta faktorerna som påverkar arbetet med minskadklimatpåverkan är i form av projektens ambitioner, kunskap om material, normer gällande användning av material inom branschen, svenskaregelverk samt kommun och myndigheter. Uppsatsen föreslår att erfarenheter från projekten bör synliggöras för andra svenska byggaktörer för attde ska få inspiration av tillvägagångssätt och kunskaper kring material. Erfarenheterna från projekten bör även synliggöras av myndigheter somutformar de svenska regelverken för att kunna möjliggöra ett effektivare arbete med minskad klimatpåverkan vid nyproduktion.
The construction sector releases high amounts of greenhouse gases, through the large use of resources. The majority of the emissions comes fromthe use of materials within the production of buildings. This essay has studied three projects that focus on reducing its climate impact in Sweden. Interviews with people who have worked on these projects will give the essay different influencing factors that they experienced within the workwith reducing climate impact. The three projects are project Högasten in Helsingborg, project Daggkåpan in Malmö and projekt Brf Viva in Göteborg. The factors affecting the projects´ work with the climate impact are the projects´ ambition, knowledge about building materials, normsof certain material use within the industry, Swedish regulations, municipalities and agencies. The newfound knowledge about the buildingmaterials and the development of Swedish regulations could lead to further possibilities for the construction industry to reduce the climate impactin future production of buildings in Sweden

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Regett, Anika [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, Ulrich [Gutachter] Wagner und Liselotte [Gutachter] Schebeck. „Development of Instruments for a Circular Energy Economy : Potential of the Circular Economy to Reduce the Critical Resource Demand and Climate Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries / Anika Regett ; Gutachter: Ulrich Wagner, Liselotte Schebeck ; Betreuer: Ulrich Wagner“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213026229/34.

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Galante, Michael Victor. „Climate change mitigation through reduced-impact logging : a framework approach“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20439.

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The implementation of reduced-impact logging (RIL) in Sabah is recognised in the literature as an activity to reduce the environmental impact of timber harvest activities, thus reducing carbon entering the atmosphere. With the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, modalities for its application as a project-based activity under the Climate Convention have yet to be developed. Investigations on both, its potential to reduce carbon from being released into the atmosphere in Sabah, specifically, and its modalities as a project-based activity under the Climate Convention in Malaysia, broadly, are warranted. This thesis addresses a set of research questions related to modalities for its inclusion under the Climate Convention, temporal and spatial responses of the forest after its implementation, to the investigation of activity-specific modalities, and their effectiveness, and its associated finance under the Climate Convention in Malaysia. The improvement of the forest activities under the Climate Convention are conceptualised through the Hierarchy of Production Forest Management (HoPFM), i.e., a modular framework defining the progression of the forest industry through demonstrable benefits. The conceptual framework begins from the basic legal and regulatory frameworks that govern forest management activities, towards sustainable forest management as the ideology of the Framework, designed to recognise both local, and global, approaches to forest management, while highlighting the need for balanced considerations of environmental, social and economic values. Through the Framework, the components of RIL in Sabah are discussed, relative to the modalities of the Climate Convention. Since he inception of the GIZ programme to improve forest management systems in the Deramakot forest reserve, there has been limited research on its recovery after RIL activities. Data on aboveground alive tree biomass and deadwood necromass was collected, and tested against 'harvest intensity', and 'time since harvest', to assess the temporal and spatial variability of forest responses, both within diameter classes, and major functional species classes of 'dipterocarp' and 'non-dipterocarp'. It was identified that 'harvest intensity' was found to be affecting forest recovery, relative to 'time since harvest', which was similarly identified for 'dipterocarp' species, relative to 'non-dipterocarp', respectively. The few significant changes detected indicate that long-term periods of analysis are required to identify consistent trends over-time. Since the mandate of the RIL policy in Sabah, conventional harvest activities are no longer eligible to be practiced in commercial production reserves. Therefore, to measure changes in carbon between the practices under the Climate Convention, a baseline needs to be developed, where conventional harvest activities were historically, the only form of harvest practice. An analysis of the literature was undertaken to estimate the difference between the practices, whereby broad impact classes of ‘infrastructure created’, and ‘harvest damage’, were identified. In its application, the ‘crediting’ approach is applied, whereby a benchmark is set, counterfactually, to estimate carbon that would be released without RIL activities. A number of carbon reductions are withheld from issuance into the market, to create a buffer between actually and potential issuance. The approach is conservative, to account for changes in policy and project-based circumstances, which may impact the number of carbon reductions issued in a project timeframe. RIL is currently implemented in the commercial production reserves, however it its effectiveness to reduce carbon from entering the atmosphere under the Climate Convention in Malaysia is unclear. Representing extremes along a range of anthropogenic disturbance through RIL activities, data from RIL activities was collected in a lower montaine forest harvested once, and a lowland forest, harvested multiple times. Both areas were tested against the carbon baseline, to represent conventional harvest practices in Sabah. The estimates were comparable to literature values, with RIL activities found to reduce carbon from entering the atmosphere. The variability in the accumulation of carbon stocks of aboveground alive tree biomass was identified as an important consideration in the trends observed. The condition of the forest at the time of harvest, i.e., primary or severely degraded logged-over forest, was found to impact carbon stocks immediately after harvest and the rate of carbon accumulation over time. The variability of the result supports the concept of conservativeness, as advocated for project-based activities, under the Climate Convention. As a signatory Party, Malaysia is developing the necessary institutional infrastructure to facilitate project-based activities under the Climate Convention. Investigating RIL as a nationally appropriate mitigation action is undertaken, where distinctions are made between its integration at the national level, and its implementation at the sub-national level. Drawing on experiences from Sabah, implementing RIL as a project-based activity under the Climate Convention is broadly applicable to all States in Malaysia, whereby monitoring, reporting and verification at the sub-national level may be implemented through the existing domestic forest certification standard in Malaysia. At the current price of carbon over a 35-year harvest cycle, RIL is estimated to be approximately at the break-even price for its implementation in Sabah. Relative to the cost of restoring severely degraded forests harvested through conventional practices in Sabah, implementing RIL is financially viable. The knowledge gained by investigating RIL as a sub-national approach may be useful to assist Malaysia to meet their intended national emission reduction targets under the Climate Convention. This thesis aims to improve our knowledge of the application of RIL in logged-over forest of Sabah, and its applicability as a project-based activity under the Climate Convention in Malaysia. Several research questions were raised, to contextualise the modalities of RIL in Sabah and the institutional framework in Malaysia, relative to the architecture of the Climate Convention. It highlights the need for a systematic approach to gather observations on forest carbon dynamics and their integration into larger carbon accounting frameworks, to improve our understanding of the potential of RIL to contribute to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere from the forest sector.

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Hottle, Ryan Darrell. „Quantifying the impact of biochar on plant productivity and changes to soil physical and chemical properties on a maize soybean rotation in the U.S“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374064522.

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Pezic, Nedim, und Saif Al-Omari. „Klimatförbättrad betong- eller trästomme i en byggnad : - Vilket alternativ är mest fördelaktigt ur ett livscykelperspektiv“. Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53969.

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Granbom, Hanna. „Hantering av schaktmassor med hänsyn till miljömålen "giftfri miljö" och "begränsad klimatpåverkan"“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225825.

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I Sverige pågick under 2013 efterbehandlingsåtgärder på 1789 förorenade områden. Det nationella miljömålet ”giftfri miljö” har av regeringen angetts som det styrande miljö- målet vid efterbehandling. Efterbehandlingen syftar till att minska risken för förore- ningsspridning i mark från avslutade verksamheter som industrier, vägar med mera. Schaktning av massor utförs vid efterbehandling för att avlägsna förorenade massor från platsen men innebär samtidigt utsläpp av växthusgaser. Både vid schaktning och transport av förorenade massor samt framställande och transport av fyllnadsmaterial används fordon och maskiner som genererar växthusgasutsläpp. Efterbehandlingsarbetet riskerar alltså att ge en negativ påverkan på miljömålet ”begränsad klimatpåverkan”. I denna studie söks svar på frågorna: Kan efterbehandling av förorenade områden bedri- vas med simultan hänsyn till de båda miljömålen ”giftfri miljö” och ”begränsad klimat- påverkan”? och Hur ska ett sådant arbete bedrivas? För att besvara dessa frågor använ- des det webbaserade beräkningsverktyget Carbon footprint från efterbehandling och andra markarbeten från Svenska geotekniska föreningen, SGF, samt en enkätstudie riktad till tillsynsmyndigheter. Beräkningar med verktyget visade att det som främst påverkar växthusgasutsläppen vid efterbehandling är typ av fyllnadsmassor, sammanlagd transportsträcka samt lastkapa- citet hos fordon som transporterar massor. Ingen av de tillfrågade tillsynsmyndigheterna tar hänsyn till växthusgasutsläpp vid godkännande av efterbehandlingsåtgärd. Många ställer sig dock positiva till ett verktyg som ger möjlighet att göra en avvägning mellan miljömål och tror att det skulle underlätta deras arbete. Två strategier som tar större hänsyn till växthusgasutsläpp identifierades. Strategi 1 innebär att sanering sker enligt riktvärdena för känslig eller mindre känslig mark- användning (KM/MKM) och växthusgasutsläppen minimeras genom effektiviserings- åtgärder. Som effektiviseringsåtgärd identifierades bland annat användning av lastbilar med större lastkapacitet och användning av återvunna massor som fyllnadsmaterial. Strategi 2 innebär en avvägning mellan miljömålen ”giftfri miljö” och ”begränsad kli- matpåverkan”. Riktvärdena för KM och MKM kan i strategin överskridas för att mini- mera växthusgasutsläpp. Effektiviseringsåtgärderna från strategi 1 implementeras även i strategi 2.
In Sweden, 1789 contaminated sites were remediated during 2013. The government has stated the national environmental objective “A Non-Toxic Environment” as the gov- erning environmental objective in remediation. The aim of remediation is to reduce the risk of dispersion of contamination in soils from discontinued activities such as indus- tries, roads etc. Excavation of soils takes place to remove contaminated soil from the site. However, it leads to emissions of greenhouse gases. Machines that generate emis- sions of greenhouse gases are needed in excavation, transport of contaminated soils and the production and transport of filling materials. Thus, the environmental objective “Reduced Climate Impact” is likely to be adversely affected by soil remediation. This study was conducted to answer the questions: Can soil remediation be conducted with simultaneous regard to the environmental objectives “A Non-Toxic Environment” and “Reduced Climate Impact”? and How should such efforts be conducted? Two methods were used: the web based calculation tool Carbon footprint from remediation and other soil works from the Swedish Geotechnical Society, SGF, and a survey ad- dressed to regulatory authorities. Calculations with the tool showed that the main impacts on greenhouse gas emissions were choice of filling materials, total transportation distance and carrying load of the vehicles transporting soils. None of the respondent regulatory authorities take green- house gas emissions into account when approving remediation operations. However, many of them displayed positive attitude towards a tool that would make it possible to compare impacts on environmental objectives and stated that such a tool would facili- tate their work. Two strategies that give more consideration to greenhouse gas emissions were identi- fied. In strategy 1, remediation is conducted according to the guidelines of sensitive or less sensitive land use (KM/MKM). The greenhouse gas emissions are minimized through efficiency improvement measures. Use of vehicles with a greater carrying load and recovered soils as filling material are examples of identified efficiency improve- ment measures. Strategy 2 consists of achieving a balance between the environmental objectives “A Non-Toxic Environment” and “Reduced Climate Impact”. In this strat- egy, KM and MKM can be exceeded to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. The effi- ciency improvement measures from strategy 1 can be implemented in strategy 2.

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Bücher zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Global climate change: Hearings before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session on reviewing the effects of greenhouse gases on global weather conditions and assessing international policy options to reduce the negative impacts of climate change, July 10 and 17, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Global climate change: Hearings before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session on reviewing the effects of greenhouse gases on global weather conditions and assessing international policy options to reduce the negative impacts of climate change, July 10 and 17, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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EIA analysis of draft climate change legislation: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, on analysis recently completed by the Energy Information Administration, "Energy market and economic impacts of a proposal to reduce greenhouse gas intensity with a cap and trade system," January 24, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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1923-, Walker Charls E., Bloomfield Mark A, Thorning Margo, American Council for Capital Formation. Center for Policy Research. und American Council for Capital Formation., Hrsg. The impact of climate change policy on consumers: Can tradable permits reduce the cost? Washington, D.C: American Council for Capital Formation, Center for Policy Research, 1998.

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Levy, Barry S., und Jonathan A. Patz. Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0032.

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Environmental consequences of climate change include increases in temperature as well as frequency, severity, and/or duration of heat waves; heavy precipitation events; intensity and/or duration of drought; intense tropical cyclone activity, and sea level. Adverse health consequences of climate change include heat-related disorders, respiratory disorders, allergic disorders, vector-borne diseases, waterborne and foodborne disease, and injuries related to extreme weather events. Adverse health consequences also include indirect effects of climate change on health related to decreased agriculture yields and food shortages, distress migration, and collective violence. In addition, all of the consequences of climate change can adversely affect the mental health of individuals, communities, and entire nations. The primary ways of addressing climate change are mitigation (policies and actions to stabilize or reduce the emission of greenhouse gases) and adaptation (policies and actions to reduce the impact of climate change). Building popular and political will to address climate change is essential.

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Brown, Abbe EL. Intellectual Property and Climate Change. Herausgegeben von Rochelle Dreyfuss und Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.34.

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This chapter discusses the current and potential impact of intellectual property (IP) on efforts to manage and reduce climate change through technological development. To that end it considers international IP and environment treaties (notably the TRIPS Agreement, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changes and its Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, and the Aarhus Convention) and the extent to which their objectives can and do intersect or conflict. Particular reference is made to discussions at the TRIPS Council and to the activities of WIPO Green. It explores possible ways to increase the role of IP in addressing climate change issues, including limiting the availability of patents, fast-tracking certain patent applications, and promoting IP exploitation models based on sharing rather than control. Finally, it explores the benefits to be gained in developing the relationship between IP and climate change by looking more widely, to human rights and competition laws.

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Bogojević, Sanja. Climate Change Law and Policy in the European Union. Herausgegeben von Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky und Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0029.

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This chapter is concerned with EU’s climate change law and its impact on climate change action at a global level. It investigates whether the international climate change regime ‘tightens’ its own standards so as to match EU climate change law. The corpus of EU climate change law is codified in the Climate and Energy Package, which aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated climate change framework. It includes measures promoting the use of renewable energy, specifying and thus helping to monitor and reduce greenhouse gases from fuel, setting standards for new passenger cars, establishing a framework for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, outlining the effort of Member States to reduce greenhouse gases to meet the 2020 commitments, as well as revising the EU emissions trading regime (ETS).

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McElroy, Michael B. Energy and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490331.001.0001.

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The climate of our planet is changing at a rate unprecedented in recent human history. The energy absorbed from the sun exceeds what is returned to space. The planet as a whole is gaining energy. The heat content of the ocean is increasing; the surface and atmosphere are warming; mid-latitude glaciers are melting; sea level is rising. The Arctic Ocean is losing its ice cover. None of these assertions are based on theory but on hard scientific fact. Given the science-heavy nature of climate change, debates and discussions have not played as big a role in the public sphere as they should, and instead are relegated to often misinformed political discussions and inaccessible scientific conferences. Michael B. McElroy, an eminent Harvard scholar of environmental studies, combines both his research chops and pedagogical expertise to present a book that will appeal to the lay reader but still be grounded in scientific fact. In Energy and Climate: Vision for the Future, McElroy provides a broad and comprehensive introduction to the issue of energy and climate change intended to be accessible for the general reader. The book includes chapters on energy basics, a discussion of the contemporary energy systems of the US and China, and two chapters that engage the debate regarding climate change. The perspective is global but with a specific focus on the US and China recognizing the critical role these countries must play in addressing the challenge of global climate change. The book concludes with a discussion of initiatives now underway to at least reduce the rate of increase of greenhouse gas emissions, together with a vision for a low carbon energy future that could in principle minimize the long-term impact of energy systems on global climate.

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Romsom, Etienne, und Kathryn McPhail. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring: evaluation of the issues. 5. Aufl. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/939-6.

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Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa’s power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).

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Buchteile zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

Žilinský, Matej, Jozef Takáč und Bernard Šiška. „Adaptation Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Climate Change on Yield Loss in Northern Carpathians, Slovakia“. In Climate Change Management, 293–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03383-5_20.

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Bera, Mohan Kumar, und Petr Daněk. „Risk Perception and Action to Reduce the Impact of Floods in the Czech Republic“. In Handbook of Climate Change Resilience, 117–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93336-8_31.

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Bera, Mohan Kumar, und Petr Daněk. „Risk Perception and Action to Reduce the Impact of Floods in the Czech Republic“. In Handbook of Climate Change Resilience, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_31-1.

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Eastin, J. „Climate change, livelihoods and domestic violence in Indonesia.“ In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 94–106. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0008.

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Abstract This book chapter dicsusses the data, methodological strategies, and findings, and the final section concludes with a discussion of key policy implications and directions for future research regarding climate change, livelihoods, and domestic violence in Indonesia. This study argues that climate shocks in Indonesia elevate the incidence of domestic violence via their impact on agriculture and agrarian livelihoods. Those relying on agriculture as a primary income source in Indonesia-approximately 41% of the population=suffer when climatic stress diminishes earnings through job loss and reduced crop yields. The impact can reduce food security, especially for subsistence farmers, but also for the broader population when scarcity elevates local food prices. Food already consumes 70% of household budgets for half the population, with rice comprising the largest share-over 25% of total household expenditures for the poorest quintile. Thus, even minor reductions in yields or inflation in local rice markets can have dire effects. These impacts are anticipated to exacerbate social and psychological pressures-stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse-commonly associated with domestic and intimate partner violence, which in turn should increase its incidence within affected regions. This study uses data from the Global SPEI database and the NVMS to model the relationship between climate change and domestic violence in Indonesia. It finds that positive and negative deviations from long-term climate averages, when occurring in December-the core month of the Indonesian rice-planting season-increase the incidence of domestic violence in the following year. This relationship likely reflects the negative impact of climate shocks on agricultural sectors and livelihoods, an outcome which aggravates the emotional and psychological preconditions for domestic violence and abuse, disproportionately diminishes women's bargaining power in the household, and reduces women's ability to escape abusive situations. These effects are especially prominent in areas with higher levels of poverty, further illustrating the economic dimension of the causal process.

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Asare-Nuamah, Peter, und Athanasius Fonteh Amungwa. „Climate Change Adaptation Among Smallholder Farmers in Rural Ghana“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_279-1.

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AbstractClimate change has the potential to disrupt sustainable development initiatives, particularly in developing economies. A substantial body of literature reveals that developing economies are vulnerable to climate change, due to high dependency on climate-sensitive sectors, such as agriculture. In Ghana, a growing body of literature has revealed multiple adaptation strategies adopted by smallholder farmers to respond to and reduce climate change impacts. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effectiveness of adaptation strategies. This chapter explores the adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers and analyzed the predictors of effective adaptation. Through the technique of simple random sampling, 378 smallholder farmers were selected, and data was collected using a questionnaire survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using the SPSS software. The findings indicate that smallholder farmers adopt multiple adaptation strategies to reduce the impact of climate change. In addition, it is revealed that marital status, years of farming experience, knowledge of climate change, and education are significant predictors of adaptation. Moreover, the chapter found that marital status, weedicide application, change in staple food consumption, and planting of early-maturing crops are good predictors of effective adaptation. The chapter recommends the need to intensify adaptation strategies through agricultural extension programs and interventions that improve rural food security and livelihood. In addition, the chapter recommends strengthening the capacity of farmer organizations and rural institutions, particularly agricultural extension and advisory services.

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Asare-Nuamah, Peter, und Athanasius Fonteh Amungwa. „Climate Change Adaptation Among Smallholder Farmers in Rural Ghana“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1497–513. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_279.

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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor und Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. „Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_95-1.

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AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.

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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor und Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. „Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1937–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_95.

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Siderius, Christian, Robel Geressu, Martin C. Todd, Seshagiri Rao Kolusu, Julien J. Harou, Japhet J. Kashaigili und Declan Conway. „High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin“. In Climate Risk in Africa, 93–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6.

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AbstractThe need to stress test designs and decisions about major infrastructure under climate change conditions is increasingly being recognised. This chapter explores new ways to understand and—if possible—reduce the uncertainty in climate information to enable its use in assessing decisions that have consequences across the water, energy, food and environment sectors. It outlines an approach, applied in the Rufiji River Basin in Tanzania, that addresses uncertainty in climate model projections by weighting them according to different skill metrics; how well the models simulate important climate features. The impact of different weighting approaches on two river basin performance indicators (hydropower generation and environmental flows) is assessed, providing an indication of the reliability of infrastructure investments, including a major proposed dam under different climate model projections. The chapter ends with a reflection on the operational context for applying such approaches and some of the steps taken to address challenges and to engage stakeholders.

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Rodrigues, Vera, Sandra Sorte, Sílvia Coelho, Sandra Rafael, Ana Ascenso, Myriam Lopes, Ana Isabel Miranda und Carlos Borrego. „Modelling the Potential of Green Infrastructures to Reduce the Impact of Climate Change on Air Quality at Microscale“. In Springer Proceedings in Complexity, 147–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_23.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

Schumann, Ulrich, Kaspar Graf und Hermann Mannstein. „Potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation by flight level changes“. In 3rd AIAA Atmospheric Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3376.

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Januszkiewicz, Krystyna. „CLIMATE CHANGE AND POPULATION MOBILITY - ENVISIONING INFRASTRUCTURE TO REDUCE DISASTER�S IMPACT ON CITIES“. In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/62/s27.066.

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Lunyak, I. I. „REVIEW OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH ON CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH“. In webinar. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/es-2020/03.

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Current climate changes have a significant impact on the human health and life quality. Negative factors of climate change threaten basic health components that human needs, such as clean air, safe drinking water, food safety, hygiene and sanitary living conditions, and can sweep away decades of progress in the field of health care protection. Strategies for climate change adaptation, directed at the GHG reduction, provide co-benefits that significantly reduce health-care expenditures.

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Djunaidi, Much, Ida Nursanti und Viditwo Ashari Suryadarmawan. „Cradle-to-grave analysis on batik cabut product to reduce environmental impact“. In GREEN PROCESS, MATERIAL, AND ENERGY: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985469.

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Sutikno, Wajan Berata und Wahyu Wijanarko. „Hollow glass microsphere-epoxy composite material for helmet application to reduce impact energy due to collision“. In GREEN PROCESS, MATERIAL, AND ENERGY: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985483.

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Cumpsty, Nicholas A. „Preparing for the Future: Reducing Gas Turbine Environmental Impact“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60367.

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In the long term the price of fuel will rise and it is now urgent to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. This lecture looks at power plant for electricity generation and aircraft propulsion, considering likely limits and possibilities for improvement. There are lessons from land-based gas turbines which can be applied to aircraft, notably the small increases in efficiency from further increase in pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. Land-based gas turbines also point to the benefit of combining the properties of water with those of air to raise efficiency. Whereas the incentive to raise efficiency and reduce CO2 will force an increase in complexity of land-based power plant, the opportunities for this with aircraft are more limited. One of the opportunities with aircraft propulsion is to consider the whole aircraft operation and specification. Currently the specification for new aircraft of take-off and climb thrust are not fully consistent with designing the engine for minimum fuel consumption and this will be addressed in some depth in the lecture. Preparing for the future entails alerting engineers to important possibilities and limitations associated with gas turbines which will mitigate climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions.

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Brown, Alison, Ag Stephens, Ben Rabb, Richenda Connell und Jon Upton. „Including the Impact of Climate Change in Offshore and Onshore Metocean Design Criteria to Ensure Asset Robustness“. In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95205.

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Abstract While a significant amount of attention surrounding climate change has focused on mitigation of the causes, there is growing interest and need to adapt to physical climate change impacts which are already being experienced and in anticipation of future changes. Changes in climate have the potential to create hazards in the oil and gas sector although vulnerabilities to these changes are often specific to asset types. Preparedness for climate change can help to reduce damaging effects from acute as well as chronic climate changes. This paper focuses on a simple approach developed to ensure that climate change is included in engineering design, by considering climate change risk and the uncertainty inherent in future projections of climate change into design requirements. It involves using the best available climate change data and an understanding of the relationships between asset performance and environmental (climate-related) conditions. The risk level associated with climate change for a specific asset is determined by consideration of the severity and confidence level of the climate change hazard, the exposure of the asset to the hazard, the vulnerability of the exposed asset to the hazard and the capacity of the asset to adapt to the hazard. The method considers the risk levels, the selection of climate model data, the ‘natural variability’ baseline period to be applied to the climate change data, the climate change model validation, the asset life time and specifically how to modify metocean design criteria to account for climate change to ensure both the ‘start of life’ criteria (typically derived from observed and hindcast data) and ‘end of life’ criteria (including an estimate for the impact of climate change at the end of the asset life) meet the required annual probability of exceedance.

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Lin, Sean, Bahaa Albarhami, Salvador Mayoral und Joseph Piacenza. „Understanding the Impact of Climate Zones for Occupancy Trends in Sustainable Housing Designs“. In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67897.

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The purpose of the paper is to provide a model prediction to capture how energy usage in sustainable buildings on college campuses is affected by different climate zones. A case study focus is on the California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) Student Housing Phase III which received a Platinum Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for the Building Design and Construction category. In a previous CSUF study, the energy usage and cost data for the 2014–2015 academic year was compared to the predicted data from the LEED NC 2.2. The comparison revealed there was a small discrepancy, 10%, between the values for predicted electrical consumption versus actual consumption; however, a greater difference, 135%, between the gas consumption exists. Using LEED approved simulation software, the ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED California Nonresidential Title 24 (NRT 24) compliant energy simulation models is compared; the results will provide input over which variables within student dormitory life affect the energy usage of the building. Some solutions may update the LEED project certification as well as reduce student energy usage.

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Khodachenko, Anastasia. „ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN ENERGY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT“. In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-112-116.

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The article considers the relationship between sustainable development, climate change and the use of green energy. The article reviewes directions and shows that with the help of the sustainable development theory and green economy, it is possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The article also reveals relationship between climate improvement and the use of green technologies in international practice.

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Tong, Michael T. „An Assessment of the Impact of Emerging High-Temperature Materials on Engine Cycle Performance“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22361.

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Rising concerns about air quality and climate change have made environmental protection one of the most critical issues in aviation today. To achieve environmental protection that allows sustained long-term aviation growth, NASA Glenn (GRC) has been engaged in the development of advanced high-temperature materials and thermal and environmental barrier coatings under its Fundamental Aeronautics and Environmentally Responsible Aviation Programs, with specific objectives to increase engine operating temperature and efficiency, reduce cooling requirements, reduce engine weight, reduce fuel consumption, and increase engine reliability. A parametric study was performed to assess the impact of these advanced materials and coatings on engine performance, with thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) and LTO (landing-and-takeoff) NOx emissions as the key metrics. An ultra-high bypass ratio (UHB) separate flow turbofan engine for an advanced twin-engine single-aisle transport (B737/A320 class aircraft), with a sea-level static thrust of 107-kN thrust (23,000-pound), was chosen for the study. This paper presents the engine performance benefits from these advanced materials and coatings.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Reduce climate impact"

Adams, Alexandra, Robert Byron, Bruce Maxwell, Susan Higgins, Margaret Eggers, Lori Byron und Cathy Whitlock. Climate change and human health in Montana: a special report of the Montana Climate Assessment. Montana State University, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/c2h22021.

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The purpose of this assessment is to a) present understandable, science-based, Montana-specific information about the impacts of climate change on the health of Montanans; and b) describe how our healthcare providers, state leaders, communities, and individuals can best prepare for and reduce those impacts in the coming decades. This assessment draws from, and is an extension to, the 2017 Montana Climate Assessment (MCA1) (Whitlock et al. 2017), which provides the first detailed analysis of expected impacts to Montana’s water, forests, and agriculture from climate change. MCA explains historical, current, and prospective climate trends for the state based on the best-available science. The 2017 Montana Climate Assessment did not address the impact of climate change on the health of Montanans. This special report of the MCA fills that important knowledge gap; it represents a collaboration between climate scientists and Montana’s healthcare community and is intended to help Montanans minimize the impacts of climate on their health.

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Kunreuther, Howard, und Elke Weber. Aiding Decision-Making to Reduce the Impacts of Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19776.

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Wagner, Anna, Christopher Hiemstra, Glen Liston, Katrina Bennett, Dan Cooley und Arthur Gelvin. Changes in climate and its effect on timing of snowmelt and intensity-duration-frequency curves. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41402.

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Snow is a critical water resource for much of the U.S. and failure to account for changes in climate could deleteriously impact military assets. In this study, we produced historical and future snow trends through modeling at three military sites (in Washington, Colorado, and North Dakota) and the Western U.S. For selected rivers, we performed seasonal trend analysis of discharge extremes. We calculated flood frequency curves and estimated the probability of occurrence of future annual maximum daily rainfall depths. Additionally, we generated intensity-duration-frequency curves (IDF) to find rainfall intensities at several return levels. Generally, our results showed a decreasing trend in historical and future snow duration, rain-on-snow events, and snowmelt runoff. This decreasing trend in snowpack could reduce water resources. A statistically significant increase in maximum streamflow for most rivers at the Washington and North Dakota sites occurred for several months of the year. In Colorado, only a few months indicated such an increase. Future IDF curves for Colorado and North Dakota indicated a slight increase in rainfall intensity whereas the Washington site had about a twofold increase. This increase in rainfall intensity could result in major flood events, demonstrating the importance of accounting for climate changes in infrastructure planning.

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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal und Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.

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This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.

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APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, und Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.

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This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

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