Thematische Bibliographien / Redox polymerization / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Redox polymerization“

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Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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1

Sarac, A. S. „Redox polymerization“. Progress in Polymer Science 24, Nr. 8 (Oktober 1999): 1149–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(99)00026-x.

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2

Lee, Khai Ern, Norhashimah Morad, Tjoon Tow Teng und Beng Teik Poh. „Evaluation of factors and kinetics study of polyacrylamide redox polymerization using statistical design modeling“. Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, Nr. 4-5 (01.08.2012): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0008.

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Abstract Polyacrylamide was produced through redox polymerization in a single batch reactor. Ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite were applied as the redox initiators. Statistical design consisting a 24 full factorial design was used to determine the dependence of the factors such as temperature, concentrations of acrylamide, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, as well as their interactions in affecting the initial rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. All independent factors were shown to have a significant effect on the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. The order of significance was: temperature>ammonium persulfate>acrylamide>sodium bisulfite. The interactive effects of the factors were also investigated. The 24 ull factorial design was augmented to central composite design (CCD), to optimize the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. The results showed that a high rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization occurred at a high level of the factors. A statistical design kinetics model was constructed through second-order regression to predict the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization and the R2 value was 0.9888, which fitted the experimental rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization better compared to the classical kinetics model.
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3

Reyhani, Amin, Thomas G. McKenzie, Qiang Fu und Greg G. Qiao. „Redox-Initiated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, Nr. 7 (2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19109.

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Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization initiated by a radical-forming redox reaction between a reducing and an oxidizing agent (i.e. ‘redox RAFT’) represents a simple, versatile, and highly useful platform for controlled polymer synthesis. Herein, the potency of a wide range of redox initiation systems including enzyme-mediated redox reactions, the Fenton reaction, peroxide-based reactions, and metal-catalyzed redox reactions, and their application in initiating RAFT polymerization, are reviewed. These redox-RAFT polymerization methods have been widely studied for synthesizing a broad range of homo- and co-polymers with tailored molecular weights, compositions, and (macro)molecular structures. It has been demonstrated that redox-RAFT polymerization holds particular promise due to its excellent performance under mild conditions, typically operating at room temperature. Redox-RAFT polymerization is therefore an important and core part of the RAFT methodology handbook and may be of particular importance going forward for the fabrication of polymeric biomaterials under biologically relevant conditions or in biological systems, in which naturally occurring redox reactions are prevalent.
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4

Crivello, James V. „Redox initiated cationic polymerization“. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 47, Nr. 7 (01.04.2009): 1825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23284.

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5

Crivello, James V. „Redox Intitiated Cationic Polymerization“. Macromolecular Symposia 323, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100085.

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6

Saito, Yusuke. „Polymerization with Redox Switchable Catalyst“. Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 76, Nr. 12 (01.12.2018): 1354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.1354.

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7

Studer, Katia, Christian Decker, Erich Beck, Reinhold Schwalm und Nick Gruber. „Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization“. Progress in Organic Coatings 53, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.01.010.

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8

Studer, Katia, Christian Decker, Céline Babé, Erich Beck, Reinhold Schwalm und Nick Gruber. „Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization“. Progress in Organic Coatings 53, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.01.011.

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9

Studer, Katia, Phuong Tri Nguyen, Christian Decker, Erich Beck und Reinhold Schwalm. „Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization“. Progress in Organic Coatings 54, Nr. 3 (November 2005): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.06.011.

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10

Chen, Changle. „Redox-Controlled Polymerization and Copolymerization“. ACS Catalysis 8, Nr. 6 (07.05.2018): 5506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01096.

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11

Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad, Francesca Lorandi, Marco Fantin und Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. „Redox-switchable atom transfer radical polymerization“. Chemical Communications 55, Nr. 5 (2019): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09209e.

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12

Guo, Hao-Xuan, Yuriko Takemura, Daisuke Tange, Junichi Kurata und Hiroyuki Aota. „Redox-Active Ferrocene Polymer for Electrode-Active Materials: Step-by-Step Synthesis on Gold Electrode Using Automatic Sequential Polymerization Equipment“. Polymers 15, Nr. 17 (23.08.2023): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173517.

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Redox-active polymers have garnered significant attention as promising materials for redox capacitors, which are energy-storage devices that rely on reversible redox reactions to store and deliver electrical energy. Our focus was on optimizing the electrochemical performance in the design and synthesis of redox-active polymer electrodes. In this study, a redox-active polymer was prepared through step-by-step synthesis on a gold electrode. To achieve this, we designed an automatic sequential polymerization equipment that minimizes human intervention and enables a stepwise polymerization reaction. The electrochemical properties of the polymer gold electrodes were investigated. The degree of polymerization of the polymer grown on the gold electrode can be controlled by adjusting the cycle of the sequential operation. As the number of cycles increases, the amount of accumulated charge increases proportionally, indicating the potential for enhanced electrochemical performance.
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13

Arar, Ahmad, Lilian Wisson und Jacques Lalevée. „New Pure Organic and Peroxide-Free Redox Initiating Systems for Polymerization in Mild Conditions“. Polymers 13, Nr. 2 (19.01.2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020301.

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Redox initiating systems (RISs) are highly worthwhile for polymerization in mild conditions (at room temperature—RT) without external thermal or light activation. With high performance redox initiating systems RIS, the free radical polymerization FRP can even be carried out under air and without inhibitors/stabilizers removal from the monomers/resins. However, efficient RISs are still based on peroxides or metal complexes. In this work, a pure organic and peroxide-free RIS is presented based on the interaction of a well-selected triarylamine derivative (T4epa) with iodonium salt used as reducing and oxidizing agents, respectively. The redox polymerization (Redox FRP) was followed through pyrometry and thermal imaging experiments. Remarkably, a full control of the work time as well as a high reactivity is observed for mild conditions.
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Arar, Ahmad, Haifaa Mokbel, Frédéric Dumur und Jacques Lalevée. „High Performance Redox Initiating Systems Based on the Interaction of Silane with Metal Complexes: A Unique Platform for the Preparation of Composites“. Molecules 25, Nr. 7 (31.03.2020): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071602.

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Currently, Redox Initiating Systems (RISs) of Free Radical Polymerization (FRP) are mainly based on the interaction of aromatic amines with peroxides (e.g., dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)) that can be both toxic and unstable. In the present work, we aim to replace these hazardous substances in new RIS that can be peroxide-free and amine-free. Our redox two components (2K) initiating system is based on diphenylsilane (DPS) as reducing agent combined with different metal complexes (Mn(acac)2, Cu(AAEMA)2 or Fe(acac)3) as oxidizing agents. For the new proposed RIS, an excellent reactivity is found for the polymerization of benchmark methacrylate monomers under mild conditions (redox polymerization done under air and at room temperature); remarkably, it is also possible to finely control the gel time. Different techniques (optical pyrometry, Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)) were used to follow the polymerization processes but also to shed some light on the new redox chemical mechanisms.
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15

Braun, Dietrich. „Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes“. International Journal of Polymer Science 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/893234.

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At present worldwide about 45% of the manufactured plastic materials and 40% of synthetic rubber are obtained by free radical polymerization processes. The first free radically synthesized polymers were produced between 1910 and 1930 by initiation with peroxy compounds. In the 1940s the polymerization by redox processes was found independently and simultaneously at IG Farben in Germany and ICI in Great Britain. In the 1950s the systematic investigation of azo compounds as free radical initiators followed. Compounds with labile C–C-bonds were investigated as initiators only in the period from the end of the 1960s until the early 1980s. At about the same time, iniferters with cleavable S–S-bonds were studied in detail. Both these initiator classes can be designated as predecessors for “living” or controlled free radical polymerizations with nitroxyl-mediated polymerizations, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer processes (RAFT), and atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP).
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16

Chou, Pui May, Poi Sim Khiew, Paul D. Brown und Binjie Hu. „Development of Thermally Responsive PolyNIPAm Microcarrier for Application of Cell Culturing—Part I: A Feasibility Study“. Polymers 13, Nr. 16 (07.08.2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162629.

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAm) microspheres were synthesized via the suspension polymerization technique. Thermal and redox initiators were compared for the polymerization, in order to study the effect of initiator type on the surface charge and particle size of polyNIPAm microspheres. The successful polymerization of NIPAm was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Microspheres of diameter >50 µm were synthesized when a pair of ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylene-diamine (TEMED) redox initiators was used, whilst relatively small microspheres of ~1 µm diameter were produced using an Azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) thermal initiator. Hence, suspension polymerization using a redox initiator pair was found to be more appropriate for the synthesis of polyNIPAm microspheres of a size suitable for human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell culturing. However, the zeta potential of polyNIPAm microspheres prepared using an APS/TEMED redox initiator was significantly more negative than AIBN thermal initiator prepared microspheres and acted to inhibit cell attachment. Conversely, strong cell attachment was observed in the case of polyNIPAm microspheres of diameter ~90 µm, prepared using an APS/TEMED redox initiator in the presence of a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant; demonstrating that surface charge modified polyNIPAm microspheres have great potential for use in cell culturing.
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17

Önen, A., und Y. Yagci. „Redox-initiated cationic polymerization: the pyridinium salt/ascorbate redox couple“. Polymer 38, Nr. 6 (März 1997): 1423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00653-2.

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18

Kabouraki, Elmina, Argyro N. Giakoumaki, Paulius Danilevicius, David Gray, Maria Vamvakaki und Maria Farsari. „Redox Multiphoton Polymerization for 3D Nanofabrication“. Nano Letters 13, Nr. 8 (03.07.2013): 3831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl401853k.

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19

Poornanandhan, A. E., P. Rajalingam und Ganga Radhakrishnan. „Polymer-supported redox catalysts for polymerization“. Polymer 34, Nr. 7 (Januar 1993): 1485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90866-9.

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20

Sara�, A. Sezai, �zlem Yavuz und Esma Sezer. „Electrochemically induced redox polymerization of acrylamide“. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 72, Nr. 7 (16.05.1999): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990516)72:7<861::aid-app1>3.0.co;2-v.

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21

Crivello, James V. „Redox initiated cationic polymerization of oxetanes“. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 53, Nr. 16 (14.05.2015): 1854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27553.

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22

Morozova, Olga, Irina Vasil’eva, Galina Shumakovich, Elena Zaitseva und Alexander Yaropolov. „Peculiar Properties of Template-Assisted Aniline Polymerization in a Buffer Solution Using Laccase and a Laccase–Mediator System as Compared with Chemical Polymerization“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 14 (12.07.2023): 11374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411374.

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The conventional chemical polymerization of aniline has been described in multiple publications, while enzymatic polymerization has been poorly explored. A comparative study of the template-assisted enzymatic and chemical polymerization of aniline in a buffer solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate micelles was performed for the first time. The high-redox potential laccase from the fungus Trametes hirsuta was used as a catalyst and air oxygen served as an oxidant. Potentiometric and spectral methods have shown that oligomeric/polymeric products of the enzymatic polymerization of aniline are synthesized in the conducting emeraldine salt form immediately after the reaction is initiated by the enzyme. The use of the laccase–mediator system enabled a higher rate of enzymatic polymerization and a higher yield of final products. Potassium octocyanomolybdate (IV) served as a redox mediator. The products of the enzymatic polymerization of aniline were studied by the ATR-FTIR, MALDI-TOF and atomic force microscopy methods. The chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline under the same conditions resulted in forming a non-conducting dark brown product.
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23

Doerr, Alicia M., Justin M. Burroughs, Nicholas M. Legaux und Brian K. Long. „Redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization by tridentate ONN-type titanium and zirconium catalysts“. Catalysis Science & Technology 10, Nr. 19 (2020): 6501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00642d.

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A study designed to ascertain the impact that ligand symmetry, number of redox-active moieties, and identity of the active metal center have on the catalytic ring-opening polymerization performance of redox-switchable catalysts.
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24

Palanivelu, M., K. E. N. Nalla Mohamed und M. Prem Nawaz. „Aqueous Polymerization of Acrylonitrile with Cerium(IV)-p-Hydroxyacetophenone Redox System“. E-Journal of Chemistry 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/912947.

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Aqueous polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by Ce(IV)/p-hydroxy acetophenone (Ce(IV) – HAP) was studied in aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at 40°C. The rate of polymerization was investigated at various concentrations of monomer, initiator, activator, sulfuric acid and the effect of temperature of 30-70°C range was studied. The rate of polymerization is governed by the expression Rp = Kp [M]1.44[Ce(IV)]0.55[HAP]0.51. The activation energy of polymerization was found to be 17.9 kJ/mol. A probable mechanism consistent with the observed results is proposed and discussed.
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25

Guo, Yuyang, Yu Zou und Jiang Jiang. „Plasmonic-redox controlled atom transfer radical polymerization“. Chemical Communications 57, Nr. 70 (2021): 8766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03179a.

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26

Liu, Meilin, Steven J. Visco und Lutgard C. De Jonghe. „Novel Solid Redox Polymerization Electrodes: Electrochemical Properties“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 138, Nr. 7 (01.07.1991): 1896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2085896.

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27

Chen, Changle, Min Chen und Bangpei Yang. „Redox Control in Olefin Polymerization and Copolymerization“. Synlett 27, Nr. 09 (08.02.2016): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1561368.

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28

Visy, Cs, J. Lukkari und J. Kankare. „Electrochemical polymerization and redox transformations of polythiophene“. Synthetic Metals 69, Nr. 1-3 (März 1995): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)02468-e.

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29

Gregson, Charlotte K. A., Vernon C. Gibson, Nicholas J. Long, Edward L. Marshall, Phillip J. Oxford und Andrew J. P. White. „Redox Control within Single-Site Polymerization Catalysts“. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, Nr. 23 (Juni 2006): 7410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja061398n.

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30

Atici, Oya Gal??o?lu, Ahmet Akar, Yusuf Ayar und O?uz Mec??t. „Synthesis of block copolymers via redox polymerization“. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 71, Nr. 9 (28.02.1999): 1385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990228)71:9<1385::aid-app4>3.0.co;2-f.

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31

Garra, Patxi, Frédéric Dumur, Malek Nechab, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Céline Dietlin, Bernadette Graff, Didier Gigmes, Jean-Pierre Fouassier und Jacques Lalevée. „Stable copper acetylacetonate-based oxidizing agents in redox (NIR photoactivated) polymerization: an opportunity for the one pot grafting from approach and an example on a 3D printed object“. Polymer Chemistry 9, Nr. 16 (2018): 2173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00341f.

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32

Manivannan, Gurusamy, und Pichai Maruthamuthu. „Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by peroxomonosulphate-thiols redox systems“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, Nr. 8 (1990): 2001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19902001.

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Aqueous thermal polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by peroxomonosulphate (HSO5-, PMS)-thiolactic acid (TLA) and PMS-thiomalic acid (TMA) redox systems has been carried out in the temperature range 30-50 °C. The effect of concentration of monomer, initiator, reducing agent, H+, and ionic strength on rate of polymerization, Rp, has been investigated under deaerated conditions. The Rp has been found to depend on, Rp ~ [AN]01.5 [PMS]0.5 [TLA]0.5 in PMS-TLA system and, Rp ~ [AN]02.0 [PMS]1.0 [TMA]0 in PMS-TMA system. The degree of polymerization (Xn) values and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Suitable reaction scheme has been proposed and expressions for Rp and Xn have been obtained.
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33

Crivello, James V., und Julia L. Lee. „Redox initiated cationic polymerization: Silane-N-aryl heteroaromatic onium salt redox couples“. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, Nr. 20 (02.09.2010): 4484–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24239.

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34

Göktaş, Melahat, und Guodong Deng. „Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Block Copolymer by Redox Polymerization and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization“. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, Nr. 3 (30.08.2018): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.28645.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PMMA-b-PNIPAM] block copolymers were obtained by a combination of redox polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods in two steps. For this purpose, PMMA macroinitator (ATRP-macroinitiator) was synthesized by redox polymerization of methyl methacrylate and 3-bromo-1-propanol using Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 as a catalyst. The synthesis of PMMA-b-PNIPAM block copolymers was carried out by means of ATRP of ATRP-macroinitiator and NIPAM at 60 °C. The block copolymers were obtained in high yield and high molecular weight. The characterization of products was accomplished by using multi instruments and methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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35

Kim, Wonbin, Zubair Ahmad, Hong-Joon Lee, Seung Jo Yoo, Jae-Jin Shim und Jae-Suk Lee. „Electrochemical properties of anthraquinone-containing polymer nanocomposite by nano-level molecular ordering“. Polymer Chemistry 12, Nr. 42 (2021): 6154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01011e.

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Noirbent, Guillaume, und Frédéric Dumur. „Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization“. Catalysts 10, Nr. 9 (20.08.2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10090953.

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Metal complexes are used in numerous chemical and photochemical processes in organic chemistry. Metal complexes have not been excluded from the interest of polymerists to convert liquid resins into solid materials. If iridium complexes have demonstrated their remarkable photochemical reactivity in polymerization, their high costs and their attested toxicities have rapidly discarded these complexes for further developments. Conversely, copper complexes are a blooming field of research in (photo) polymerization due to their low cost, easy syntheses, long-living excited state lifetimes, and their remarkable chemical and photochemical stabilities. Copper complexes can also be synthesized in solution and by mechanochemistry, paving the way towards the synthesis of photoinitiators by Green synthetic approaches. In this review, an overview of the different copper complexes reported to date is presented. Copper complexes are versatile candidates for polymerization, as these complexes are now widely used not only in photopolymerization, but also in redox and photoassisted redox polymerization processes.
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37

Abdel-Hafiz, S. A., M. H. El Rafie, S. M. Hassan und A. Hebeish. „Grafting of Methacrylic Acid to Loomstate Viscose Fabric Using a Potassium Permanganate/Potassium Chlorate System“. Engineering Plastics 4, Nr. 8 (Januar 1996): 147823919600400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919600400805.

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Loomstate viscose fabric was graft polymerized with methacrylic acid using a KMnO4/KClO3 redox system. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer, total conversion and graft efficiency. It was found that the polymerization reaction depends on the concentrations of potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate, and methacrylic acid, as well as on material to liquor ratio, reaction time and temperature of polymerization.
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38

Abdel-Hafiz, S. A., M. H. El Rafie, S. M. Hassan und A. Hebeish. „Grafting of Methacrylic Acid to Loomstate Viscose Fabric Using a Potassium Permanganate/Potassium Chlorate System“. Polymers and Polymer Composites 4, Nr. 8 (November 1996): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119600400805.

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Loomstate viscose fabric was graft polymerized with methacrylic acid using a KMnO4/KClO3 redox system. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer, total conversion and graft efficiency. It was found that the polymerization reaction depends on the concentrations of potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate, and methacrylic acid, as well as on material to liquor ratio, reaction time and temperature of polymerization.
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39

Delle Chiaie, Kayla R., Lauren M. Yablon, Ashley B. Biernesser, Gregory R. Michalowski, Alexander W. Sudyn und Jeffery A. Byers. „Redox-triggered crosslinking of a degradable polymer“. Polymer Chemistry 7, Nr. 28 (2016): 4675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00975a.

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A unique redox-triggered crosslinking reaction is disclosed that capitalizes on the orthogonal reactivity of an iron-based catalyst for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic diesters and epoxides.
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40

Zhang, Fen, Qian Yao, Yanling Niu, Yantao Li, Haijun Zhou, Xiaoqi Chen und Lu Bai. „Preparation of polymeric vesicles via redox-initiated RAFT dispersion polymerization“. E3S Web of Conferences 438 (2023): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343801020.

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2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DIPEMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) were used for the investigation of the redox-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization, by using poly (ethylene oxide)-4-(4-Cyanopentanoic acid) dithiobenzoate (mPEG-CPADB) as the macro-chain-transfer agent (macro-CTA). The particle growth process study indicated that the particles changed from spheres to worms, and then to vesicles during the polymerization process. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic block P(DIPEMA-co-GlyMA) affected the particle morphology, particle diameter and molecular weight significantly. Pure polymeric vesicles could be obtained when DP was equal to or higher than 60, and with increasing of the DP of the hydrophobic block, the diameter and the molecular weight of the particles both increased.
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41

Ho, Po-Yuen, Hartmut Komber, Kilian Horatz, Takuya Tsuda, Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld, Evgenia Dmitrieva, Olivier Blacque, Ulrike Kraft, Henning Sirringhaus und Franziska Lissel. „Synthesis and characterization of a semiconducting and solution-processable ruthenium-based polymetallayne“. Polymer Chemistry 11, Nr. 2 (2020): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01090d.

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42

Watson, Keith J., Jin Zhu, SonBinh T. Nguyen und Chad A. Mirkin. „Redox-active polymer-nanoparticle hybrid materials“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.2000): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010067.

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization was used to modify organic soluble gold nanoparticles with redox-active polymers. A gel-permeation chromatography study revealed that each nanoparticle is modified with approximately 11 polymer chains. Electrochemical studies of nanoparticles modified with block copolymers of two different redox-active groups revealed that each monomer is electrochemically accessible, while no current rectification was observed.
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43

Yee, Emma H., Seunghyeon Kim und Hadley D. Sikes. „Experimental validation of eosin-mediated photo-redox polymerization mechanism and implications for signal amplification applications“. Polymer Chemistry 12, Nr. 19 (2021): 2881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00413a.

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44

Uemukai, Toru, Tomoya Hioki und Manabu Ishifune. „Thermoresponsive and Redox Behaviors of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Block Copolymers Having TEMPO Groups as Their Side Chains“. International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/196145.

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Thermoresponsive and redox-active block copolymers having 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) moieties have been synthesized by using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique.N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl methacrylate (TEMPMA) monomers were copolymerized stepwise under RAFT polymerization conditions to afford the thermoresponsive block copolymers, PNIPAAm-block-PTEMPMA and PNIPAAm-block-PTEMPMA-block-PNIPAAm. Oxidation of tetramethylpiperidine groups in the copolymers successfully afforded the corresponding TEMPO-containing block copolymers. The resulting triblock copolymer was found to be thermoresponsive showing lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34∘C in its aqueous solution. Redox behavior of the resulting copolymer was observed by cyclic voltammetry. The potential of anodic current peak changed below and above the LCST of the block copolymer. These results indicate that the phase transition of thermoresponsive polymer influences the redox potential of TEMPO moieties.
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45

EL-Rafie, M. H., S. A. Abdel Hafiz, S. M. Hassan und A. Hebeish. „Grafting of Methacrylic Acid to Loomstate Viscose Fabric Using KMnO4/NaHSO3 System“. Engineering Plastics 2, Nr. 2 (Januar 1994): 147823919400200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919400200204.

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Potassium permanganate/sodium bisulphite redox system induced polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) with viscose fabric was studied under a variety of conditions. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer, total conversion and graft efficiency. Results obtained indicated that increasing the MAA concentration, duration and temperature of polymerization enhances the graft yield, total conversion and homopolymer. Similar situations were encountered with KMnO 4 and NaHSO 3 concentrations but up to a certain limit after which these polymerization criteria decrease Meanwhile, the graft efficiency exhibits different maxima, depending upon the factors determining the polymerization reaction. Conversely, all the polymerization criteria decrease as the liquor ratio increases. A tentative mechanism for the polymerization reaction is also reported.
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46

EL-Rafie, M. H., S. A. Abdel Hafiz, S. M. Hassan und A. Hebeish. „Grafting of Methacrylic Acid to Loomstate Viscose Fabric Using KMnO4/NaHSO3 System“. Polymers and Polymer Composites 2, Nr. 2 (Februar 1994): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119400200204.

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Potassium permanganate/sodium bisulphite redox system induced polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) with viscose fabric was studied under a variety of conditions. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer, total conversion and graft efficiency. Results obtained indicated that increasing the MAA concentration, duration and temperature of polymerization enhances the graft yield, total conversion and homopolymer. Similar situations were encountered with KMnO 4 and NaHSO 3 concentrations but up to a certain limit after which these polymerization criteria decrease Meanwhile, the graft efficiency exhibits different maxima, depending upon the factors determining the polymerization reaction. Conversely, all the polymerization criteria decrease as the liquor ratio increases. A tentative mechanism for the polymerization reaction is also reported.
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47

Schnucklake, Maike, Lysann Kaßner, Michael Mehring und Christina Roth. „Porous carbon–carbon composite electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries synthesized by twin polymerization“. RSC Advances 10, Nr. 68 (2020): 41926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07741k.

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48

An, Nankai, Xi Chen und Jinying Yuan. „Non-thermally initiated RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly“. Polymer Chemistry 12, Nr. 22 (2021): 3220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00216c.

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This review summarizes the recent non-thermal initiation methods in RAFT mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), including photo-, redox/oscillatory reaction-, enzyme- and ultrasound wave-initiation.
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49

Garra, Patxi, Damien Brunel, Guillaume Noirbent, Bernadette Graff, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Céline Dietlin, Valery F. Sidorkin et al. „Ferrocene-based (photo)redox polymerization under long wavelengths“. Polymer Chemistry 10, Nr. 12 (2019): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00059c.

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50

Wei, Junnian, und Paula L. Diaconescu. „Redox-Switchable Ring-Opening Polymerization with Ferrocene Derivatives“. Accounts of Chemical Research 52, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00523.

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