Dissertationen zum Thema „Récepteurs nicotinique“
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Mourot, Alexandre. „Structure et dynamique du récepteur nicotinique“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MOUROT_Alexandre_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAwad, Nour. „Études structurales et fonctionnelles des interactions entre lipides et récepteurs nicotinique de l'acétylcholine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS326.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePentameric channel receptors (PCRs) are transmembrane proteins fundamental to neurotransmission. As allosteric receptors, they mediate the rapid transduction of electrochemical signal through the opening of an ion channel upon neurotransmitters binding. We are particularly interested in α7nicotinic acetylcholine homomeric receptor (nAChR), which is involved in cognitive functions of the central nervous system and is associated with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia; and in the α3β4nicotinic receptor implicated in nicotine addiction and alcohol dependance. These receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane, and some lipids have been described as essential to their function, either by direct binding or by modifying the physical properties of the plasma membrane. However, the studies on the interactions between neuronal nAChRs and lipids remain very fragmentary. This project aims to study the impact of the membrane environment on the function of nAChRs. First,by measuring the apparent binding affinity of agonists to evaluate the state of the protein and its ability to undergo allosteric transitions, we show that detergent extraction impairs the function of the receptor. Second, we have undertaken a pharmacological analysis by voltage-clamp of the interaction of alpha7with fatty acids, as well as site-directed mutagenesis to identify their binding site. This work demonstrates the importance of lipids on receptor function and will pave the way for understanding the allosteric regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids at the transmembrane domain level. It will also enable structure biology experiments in a controlled membrane environment and examine synthetic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer
Leflemme, Nicolas. „Synthèse, étude physico-chimique et évaluation biologique d'arylpyridines à visée nicotinique“. Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaubourguet, Nicolas. „Contrôle nicotinique du système dopaminergique et du comportement d'exploration“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChamptiaux, Nicolas. „Inactivation génique de la sous-unité α6 du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine chez la souris : étude de la composition des récepteurs nicotiniques exprimés dans les neurones dopaminergiques“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVoisin-Chiret, Anne-Sophie. „Synthèse de nouveaux dérivés pyridiniques à visée cholinergique nicotinique“. Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN4066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study describes, on the one hand, the synthesis, the physicochemical study and the biological evaluation of novel pyridylethers as potential nicotinic cholinergic receptor ligands. On the other hand, the Petasis reaction, a multicomponent reaction, is used in the pyridine series to synthesize novel complexes. In the first part, after a general review about nicotinic cholinergic receptors, their localization, their structure and their function as well as a description of different technologies used in parallel chemistry, the chemical study is developed. Various synthetic approaches to prepare pyridylethers were used, along with studies on stability and reactivity. A small but diverse chemical library was accomplished. The first biological results are reported. Further tests are currently under investigation. In the second part, after a general review about multicomponent reactions, the Petasis reaction was studied with an emphasis parallelization. The implementation of this reaction allowed us to obtain original compounds whose structure was investigated and determined as complex (1:1) of dioxaborolanone and an amine. The experimental part of this document describes the procedures and the physicochemical characteristics of the compounds presented. Finally, more than 270 bibliographical references replace this study in its chemical and biological context
Vicq, Eléonore. „Modulation nicotinique de l'activité dopaminergique et des comportements motivés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmoking affects one billion people worldwide, and is responsible for over 8 million preventable deaths a year, making it a major health concern. Nicotine, the main active compound in tobacco, acts on the nervous system by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). There is a wide diversity of nAChR subunits (��2 to 10 and β2 to 4) which assemble in different combinations to form pentameric receptors with different biophysical properties and localizations. Nicotine concomitantly produces rewarding and aversive effects, promoting and limiting nicotine consumption, respectively. While nAChRs are expressed in the reward system, notably the ventral tegmental area (VTA), they are also present in many other brain regions susceptible to nicotine-induced disruptions. The aim of my thesis work was to investigate the involvement of two non-canonical VTA-connected brain pathways in nicotine addiction: the pathways linking the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and the VTA, and the one connecting the VTA to the claustrum (CLA). I first studied the involvement of the IPN in nicotine reinforcement. We showed that IPN neurons respond heterogeneously to nicotine, and discovered that they are sensitive to low doses of nicotine that do not activate the VTA. Using new chemogenetic tools that I have developed, we have shown that β4-containing nAChRs of the IPN act as a brake on the response to nicotine in the VTA, thereby reducing the rewarding effects of the drug. The IPN would therefore contribute not only to aversion but also to nicotine reinforcement. Secondly, I studied how prolonged exposure to nicotine alters social interactions, and the potential involvement of the VTA-CLA pathway in these behavioral perturbations. We showed that chronic nicotine exposure increased the saliency of a novel social stimulus in a three-chamber task, resulting in an increased interaction time with novel conspecifics. Moreover, optogenetic activation of the VTA-CLA pathway induced a loss of preference for the novel social stimulus, while non-contingent optogenetic stimulation replicated the behavioral effects of prolonged nicotine exposure. Therefore, the VTA-CLA pathway seems to be involved in the saliency for new social stimuli, and this function may be disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure. Taken together, these studies highlight the importance of these two non-canonical pathways in nicotine addiction
Chatrenet, Benoît. „Etude topographique des sites agonistes du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine à l'aide de dérives photoactivables de neurotoxine et d'agonistes synthétiques“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHatton, Wilfried. „Synthèse parallèles et multi-étapes de dérivés pipéridiniques à visée nicotinique“. Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis reports our contribution in the field of new central nicotinic ligands synthesis. In the first part we present the history and discovery of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, their description and involvement in central nervous system pathologies. The second part is an overview of the last compounds published during the last five years in this field, particularly compounds which are currently, in clinical trials. We also present the progress in elucidation of a phamacophoric model and finally we described the natural alkaloid from lobelia inflata, (-)lobeline which was our template for the synthesis of new ligands. The third part presents the development of the synthesis of small libraries of 1,3 or 1,4- disubstituted piperidines using parallel synthesis both supporting and in solution. The fourth and last part describes an original synthesis of some lobeline analogs following a novel multi-steps strategy
Besson, Morgane. „Rôle des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux de l'acétylcholine dans la dépendance à la nicotine“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiraudat, Jérôme. „Etude de l'organisation fonctionnelle des chaines polypeptidiques du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066403.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntil-Delbeke, Stéphanie. „Quels sont les déterminants moléculaires impliqués dans la spécificité d'interaction de neurotoxines pour les récepteurs nicotiniques de type musculaire et neuronal de type alpha7 ?“ Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P617.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBodereau-Dubois, Béatrice. „Récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux d'insectes et insecticides : caractérisation de facteurs cellulaires impliqués dans la modulation de l'efficacité des néonicotinoïdes“. Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlant protection products are essential to increase crops quality. However, European and national directives advocate a reduction of their use from 50% with the aim to protect the environment and to limit effect on non-targeted organisms. In this perspective, in order to optimize the efficacy of these products while reducing their dose of use, it is necessary to characterize cellular and intracellular factors which are involved in the modulation of insecticide effect on their membrane target. Among the insecticides most use in crop protection, neonicotinoids rank as one of the most important class in the market. They act on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) from insect central nervous system. From the cockroach Periplaneta americana, neurosecretory cells, identified as Dorsal Unpaired Median (DUM) neurons, express two subtypes of nAChRs (nAChR1 and nAChR2). Whereas nAChR1 is sensitive to imidacloprid (IMI), a first generation of neonicotinoid, this insecticide has no effect on nAChR2. In order to acquire a better understanding of the mode of action of these insecticides on insensitive nAChRs, the aim of this work was to characterize, from an electro-pharmacological point of view, the cellular and molecular factors which influence the efficacy of a second generation neonicotinoid, acetamiprid (ACT) which present a different chemical structure from IMI. Using the patch-clamp technique, under voltage-clamp mode, it was demonstrated that the effect of ACT on nAChR2 is dependent on transmembrane potential. A membrane depolarization slightly increases nAChR2 sensitivity to ACT whereas a hypepolarisation induces an opposite effect. In these two cases, an involvement of intracellular calcium was demonstrated. For potential more positive than the membrane potential (i. E. -50 mV), the inhibition of calcium influx via high-voltage activated (HVA) channels by cadmium chloride and ω-conotoxine GVIA increases the nAChR2 sensitivity to ACT. Similar effects are obtained for membrane potential more hyperpolarized when calcium permeability is inhibited by LOE 908, a specific inhibitor of TRPγ channels. In this case, the use of specific pharmacological tools (forskoline, W7) allowed to reveal the implication of the signaling pathway of cyclicAMP/adenylyl cyclase in the modulation of ACT efficacy on nAChR2. Finally, measurements of membrane resistance, realized at the same time in current-clamp mode, indicate that the conformational state of nAChR2 has an important role in the modulation of nAChR2 sensitivity to ACT. All of results which allowed to identify new cellular and molecular factors involved in the modulation of nAChR2 sensitivity to the neonicotinoid, ACT, open new interesting perspectives in order to optimize the efficacy of insecticide treatment
Fruchart-Gaillard, Carole. „Caractérisation pharmacologique et structurale de l'interaction de neurotoxines sur des récepteurs cholinergiques“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaurent, Benoist. „Etude de l'anesthésie générale à l'échelle atomique par modélisation d'un homologue bactérien du récepteur nicotinique humain“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe discovery of anesthetic rnolecules represents a notable advance in medecine, mostly enabled by empirically observing their effect. In vitro experiments uncovered neuroreceptors as possible target for anesthetic molecules. Those are membrane-bound ion channels located on the target cells at nervous endings. In the last few years, bacterial neuroreceptor homologs were identified. The GLIC receptor, a homopentamer homologue to the human nicotinic receptor, was co-crystallized with bound general anesthetics, including bromoform, desflurane and propofol. In this thesis, I use molecular dynamics simulations and software programming to characterize interactions of general anesthetics with the wild type form of GLIC as well as with several mutants. In 2011, propofol and desflurane were co-crystallized in an intrasubunit binding site located in GLIC's transmembrane domain. More recently, bromoform was shown to bind this site as well as an intersubunit site. In this work I describe simulations of a new crystal structure displaying an additional binding site located in the channel's pore. Simulations in which GLIC is flooded by bromoform demonstrate the spontaneous accessibility of crystallographic binding sites in a non-crystalline environment. Exhaustive free energy calculations corroborate this data highlighting differences of binding energy between sites and between GLIC variants. Extensive sampling of binding pockets allowed me to detect a second intersubunit binding site, the accessibility of which is possibly modulated by a specific residue. Alltogether, data accumulated in this project provide a growing picture of anesthetic action at the atomic scale
Routhier, Julie. „Polymorphisme rs16969968 de la sous-unité alpha-5 des récepteurs nicotiniques et Broncho-Pneumopathie Chronique Obstructive (BPCO)“. Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMM205.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a critical respiratory disease characterized by a chronic inflammation leading to irreversible epithelial and parenchymal injuries. The main risk factor is tobacco consumption but several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) described some single-associated polymorphisms (SNP) on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACHR) genes associated with COPD incidence. One of these polymorphisms is the rs16969968 variant in the 5th exon of CHRNA5 gene coding the α5 subunit (SNP α5). The aim of this study was to determine in vivo the involvement of SNPα5 in COPD-associated lung injuries and to deciphere the functional impact of the polymorphism on nAChR signaling pathways. Thanks to several in vivo models (mouse and human), we describe here that the SNPα5 is associated, irrespective of the tobacco consumption, to an increased inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, emphysema, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Club cell diminution compared to the wild-type genotype. The SNPα5 is associated with a decreased calcium influx and a modulation of AC3-PKA/C pathway in airway epithelial cells. Our study describe for the first time a biological explanation for the association between SNPα5 and COPD shown in GWAS with a pro-inflammatory role of SNPα5 in the lung
Bocquet, Nicolas. „Structure atomique et transitions allostériques des récepteurs canaux pentamériques : apport de nouveaux homologues bactériens“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066548.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe superfamily of pentameric ligand gated ion channels (pLGICs) include the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) and the γ-amino butyric acid receptor (GABA). These integral membrane proteins play a crucial role in the fast chemo-electric signal transduction at the synapses and are important therapeutic targets. In this work, we exploited a new family of pLGIC prokaryotic homologs to obtain a X-ray structure of a prototypic member of this family. In a first step, we fonctionlly and biochemically caracterized the GLIC protein from the cyanobacteria Gloeobacter violaceus. GLIC is expressed at the membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as an homopentamer and form cationic channels activated by protons. After the optimization of the GLIC overexpression in heterologous systems and its purification in presence of detergent, crystals of GLIC were grown in acidic conditions to capture an open conformation. The GLIC structure was solved at 2,9A reveal a funnel shaped channel compatible with an open conformation. Comparing the GLIC structure with ELIC one, an other prokaryotic homolog cristallised in a closed conformation, we highlight a new mechanism of gating composed of quaternary movements of the protein as well as tertiary deformations at the interface between agonist domain and membrane domain of GLIC. This phD work establish the prokaryotic origin of the pLGIC family and propose a new atomic allosteric mechanism of gating
Renault, Olivier. „Les acides 3-amino-3-arylpropioniques dans la synthèse de nouvelles aminocyclopentathiophénones à visée antinéoplasique et arylpipéridines à visée nicotinique“. Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN4040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeiss, Stéphanie. „Phénotype nicotinique des souris dépourvues du transporteur de la dopamine ou de la protéine STOP : modèles d'étude de symptômes psychiatriques“. Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002435220204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncreased tobacco intake in schizophrenic and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) patients may represent a form of self-medication. The aim of my thesis was to characterize the nicotinic phenotype of two mouse lines showing phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia and/or ADHD : mice lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene (DAT KO) and mice lacking the STOP protein gene (Stable Tubule Only Polypeptide, STOP KO). My work notably showed that DAT KO mice exhibited hypersensitivity to the locomotor calming effect of nicotine, that nicottine and α7 nicotinic receptor agonists greatly reduced cognitive learning deficits of DAT KO and STOP KO mice. Very interestingly, chronic nicotine treatment did not elicit tolerance towards the locomotor calming and the pro-cognitive effects of nicotine in DAT KO mice. The use of nicotinic therapeutic agents could reduce the risks of tobacco dependence incurred by ADHD and shcizophrenic patients
Courjaret, Raphaël. „Caractérisation des mécanismes de régulation intracellulaires des récepteurs de l'acétylcholine de type nicotinique résistants à l'α-bungarotoxine exprimés sur les dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones de la blatte Periplaneta americana“. Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe α-bungarotoxin-resistant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells (DUM neurones) isolated from the terminal abdominal ganglia of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were studied using the patch-clamp technique (whole-cell recording configuration) and intracellular calcium imaging. These results demonstrate new characteristics of insect nAChRs. Two distinct nAChRs subtypes (nAChR1 et nAChR2) were characterised. These two receptors can be separated according to their pharmacological and electrophysiological properties and subtype-specific intracellular modulations (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation). First, the intracellular cAMP concentration controls both the activity of a protein kinase (PKA) and a protein phosphatase (PP1/2A) that modulate in opposite directions nAChR1. Second, the calcium/calmodulin complex (CaM) modulates adenylate cyclase and activates a CaM kinase II. This latter enzyme potentiates nAChR1 function partly through the inhibition of the PP1/2A. Third, we identified two distinct PKC that differentialy "up- and down-" regulate nAChR1 function (PKC1 and PKC2). These enzymes are related to the "classical" (PKC1) and "atypical (PKC2) PKC subtypes. Using the calcium-sensitive probe fura 2 we shown that the activation of M1 muscarinic receptor leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration and modulates PKC1 and PKC2 activities. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid were also studied. In physiological conditions, this compound only activates nAChR1 and its efficiency is affected by intracellular phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. The functional characteristics of nAChR2 can explain its insensivity to imidacloprid. The ionic channel of nAChR2 is permeable to potassium ions and open in physiological conditions. This channel closes following agonist application. NAChR2 might therefore represent a new kind of ionotropic receptor with an open channel in resting conditions that is closed when the receptor is activated
Cartereau, Alison. „Caractérisation des sous-types de récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux d'insectes et étude de la modulation de leurs profils pharmacologiques par les insecticides néonicotinoïdes“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe intensive use of insecticides against crop pests and vectors of human and animal leads to several polemics about their mode of action. All these controversies are related to the fact that the mode of action of insecticides in insects is poorly unknown, in particular neonicotinoids which act on nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChR).During this PhD thesis, we characterized for the first time the pharmacological properties of a cockroach ⍺7 homomeric receptor in a xenopus oocyte. Our results revealed that cockroach ⍺7 in an atypical receptor that is insensitive to ⍺-bungarotoxin and not activated by neonicotinoids. Cockroach and rat ⍺7 receptors which are included in the same cluster have distinct pharmacological properties. We then studied the pharmacological properties of native receptors, in particular, the modulatory effect of permethrin on dinotefuran-induced currents. This work was included in the study of Vectra 3D. We also evaluated the use of insect central nervous system membrane extraction as a strategy to study the pharmacological properties of insect native nAChRs.To conclude, this PhD contribute to the study of the pharmacological properties of insect nAChRs and the study of the mode of action of neonicotinoids insecticides
Le, Hellard Stéphanie. „Cartographie génétique de facteurs de susceptibilité à l'épilepsie myoclonique juvénile et étude de l'implication du récepteur nicotinique neuronal à l'acétylcholine dans les épilepsies idiopathiques“. Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurand-de, Cuttoli Romain. „Modulation nicotinique des neurones dopaminergiques de l'aire tegmentale ventrale : une approche optogénétique et opto-pharmacologique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS421/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNicotine addiction is a condition that affects one third of the world's adult population and is often associated with other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood- and stress-related disorders. Every year, nearly 8 million people die from the consequences of tobacco use. This pathology is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. This phenomenon of tobacco dependence is induced by nicotine, the main addictive and psychoactive substance in tobacco, which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and thus hijacks the normal functioning of various neuronal circuits. Acute nicotine directly acts on nAChRs and activates neural networks. In the longer term, it will induce synaptic plasticity and disrupt endogenous nicotinic transmission. In particular, nicotine disrupts the dopaminergic system, a key player in reinforcement learning, motivation and reward evaluation. These neural changes not only lead to reinforcement but also to a disruption of different behavioral traits such as decision-making, exploration, vulnerability to stress, etc. These relationships between symptoms and features could explain the strong comorbidities observed between substance abuse, and particularly tobacco addiction, and other pathologies such as stress-related disorders. During this thesis, I first addressed the neurophysiological bases underlying these comorbidities, by proposing dopamine as a common substrate for the effects of social stress, nicotine and associated decision-making disorders (impulsivity, reward sensitivity, risk assessment, etc.). I have shown that the increase in dopamine neuron activity observed after exposure to nicotine or social stress is responsible for disrupting choice behavior in mice. Indeed, we could reproduce these behavioral maladaptations by artificially increasing the activity level of dopaminergic neurons using optogenetic stimuli. The dissection of the mechanisms by which nicotine diverts neuronal circuits is currently hampered by a lack of tools for selective, reversible, spatially and temporally precise manipulation of the molecular players involved. A second part of my thesis work consisted in the in vivo implementation in mice of optogenetic pharmacology for nAChR. The photoinhibition of beta2-containing nAChRs revealed the impact of endogenous cholinergic modulation on the activity of dopaminergic neurons. We could optically inhibit the response of these same neurons to acute intravenous injection of nicotine and the associated reinforcement in a task of conditioned place preference for nicotine
Ortega, Varga Laura. „Innovative inhibition strategy against functional structural transitions of essential pathogenic factors : Computational applications to Malarial and Neurotransmitter targets“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS455.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD project describes the design of inhibitors of two essential malaria enzymes and of novel modulators of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Plasmodium vivax subtilase SUB1 is required for parasite egress. We focused our efforts on the design of reversible covalent inhibitors of PvSUB1. We performed covalent docking of potential peptide and peptidomimetic candidates and studied peptide cyclization. Several peptides have shown activity in the submicromolar range and could be resolved after co-crystalization. Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase is critical for parasite metabolism. We targeted it by design on the basis of inhibitory cofactor analogs. We have built a combinatorial library aiming to bridge the cofactor and the substrate binding site, while avoiding affecting the human isoenzymes. We screened it in silico and selected about fifty molecules that are under synthesis for ex vivo testing. We also targeted α5 subunit containing nAChRs to address addiction. A multidisciplinary approach has been established. It uses an AChBP engineered chimera, which structure was solved in complex with the first known 5 ligands. This structure, and two comparative modeling models were used to perform in silico screening. A cation-π interaction definition was introduced in the FlexX software and side chain flexibility was allowed in the binding site. An interactive pipeline was developed for the analysis of the virtual screening results and hit molecules have been confirmed by STD-NMR experiments. Deep neural networks models were also built to assess on- and off-target bioactivity prediction in a panel of nAChRs and putative off-targets
Monet, Damien. „Identification de nouvelles voies d'inhibition ciblant les mouvements fonctionnels de protéines : application à la transition allostérique du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe analysis of the functional motion of proteins involved in various diseases and the associated evolution of cavities and grooves offers novel strategies to identify effector molecules. This work describes the gating mechanism of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the (a7)5 subtype, involved in cognitive processes and various neurological disorders. The activation mechanism has been modeled by a series of intermediate conformations linking the resting and the active states of the receptor. Our transition model correctly reproduced the known quaternary motion, the blooming and the twisting. We also developed a robust algorithm to consistently track cavities in protein dynamics. Groups of protein cavities define pockets, potential binding sites for small molecules. A practical implementation, mkgridXf, is given to automatically track and identify sites in protein trajectories. The complete mapping of cavities on the (a7)5 transition structures revealed 6 distinct sites with a volume varying significantly with the conformational state of the protein. Among them, we found the orthosteric site, the Ca2+ modulatory site and 2 previously described allosteric sites. The molecular docking of allosteric modulators along the gating transition suggested the existence of an effector transmembrane site. These results paves the way toward the design of drugs with targeted activities
Che, Christian. „Marqueurs d'affinité du site acétylcholine des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBodereau, Béatrice. „RECEPTEURS NICOTINIQUES NEURONAUX D'INSECTES ET INSECTICIDES : CARACTERISATION DE FACTEURS CELLULAIRES IMPLIQUES DANS LA MODULATION DE L'EFFICACITE DES NEONICOTINOÏDES“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharon, Sébastien. „Conception et synthèse de marqueurs pour l’étude de l’interaction ligand-récepteurs nicotiniques“. Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a key role in the synaptic transmission. Thus they are an important target for potential therapeutic agents to treat neurological dysfunctions involved in several human diseases as well as the target of synthetic insecticides specific of insect nAChRs. Given the absence of complete nAChRs crystallographic structure, our project uses an engineered irreversible site-directed labeling method, developed in our laboratory, to try to characterize the nAChR binding site and to explain the selectivity for a given ligand. This methodology consists in synthesizing affinity labels designed to react with cysteine mutants incorporated by site-directed mutagenesis in relevant positions defined through docking results obtained on receptor homology models. The formation of a covalent bond, analyzed by electrophysiology, allow us to position non-ambiguously the probe inside its binding site. In this work, we report the synthesis of several reactive probes, based on nicotinic ligands structure and substituted with isothiocyanate, chloroacetamide or chloromethyl moieties, respectively. The selected derivatives are derived from quinuclidines known for their selectivity towards the human neuronal alpha 7 nAChRs, and from imidacloprid to study insect nAChRs. These derivatives were fully characterized and tested for their reactivity towards cysteine model compounds. In a collaborative project, the electrophysiological experiments are in progress on both alpha7 and insect nAChRs expressed in xenopus oocytes
Tribut, Florence. „Effets de l'axotomie sur les propriétés électrophysiologiques et pharmacologiques des récepteurs cholinergiques des cellules neurosécrétrices : les dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones du dernier ganglion abdominal de la blatte periplaneta americana L“. Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSakr, Elias. „Caractérisation structurale de la liaison de l'épibatidine sur les récepteurs nicotiniques à l'aide d'agonistes réactifs ou fluorescents“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePons, Mégane. „Vers un traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer : synthèse de nouveaux ligands multi-cibles“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by a progressive loss of memory and cognition. Nowadays, 4.6 million new patients are identified every year and according to the “Alzheimer’s diseases International” association, the number of patients could reach 135.5 million in 2050. Due to its complexity, AD remains uncurable and only 4 palliative drugs, of which 3 are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (AChEI), have been approved by FDA to date. AD being a multifactorial illness, with many potential targets involved in the pathology, the MTDL approach seems promising. This strategy associates in one single molecule, different pharmacophores (at least) acting on different targets involved in this CNS-related disorder. In this context, in parallel with the upscaled synthesis of a conjugated MTDL combining an AChEI inhibitor and an antioxidant, two new families of conjugated MTDLs associating an AChEI and a α7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist have been investigated. The structure of the first family was based on a Rivastigmine scaffold, known to be a pseudo-irreversible AChE inhibitor, and a quinuclidine fragment, a potent α7 nAChR agonist. By combining these two fragments, it was brought to light that the in vitro biological properties were improved on both targets. The second family was based on a donepezil fragment, a more potent AChEI, and the same quinuclidine fragment than in the first family. Advanced intermediates have been obtained, and two last steps remain to be achieved for the completion of this third MTDL series
Lemin, David. „Synthèse d'analogues des ligands naturels de récepteurs nicotiniques et purinergiques“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons réalisé la synthèse d’analogues de la 11-homosédinone, alcaloïde isolé de la plante Sedum acre, qui présente une activité agoniste sur différents récepteurs nicotiniques du système nerveux central. Les différents analogues ont été synthétisé par application de la méthoxylation anodique pour introduire succesivement deux substituants en postion 2 et 6 d’un noyau pipéridinique. Les analogues synthétisés se différencient par la nature du noyau aromatique, la présence d’un groupement méthyle sur l’atome d’azote de la pipéridine et l’oxydation du sustituant en position 2. Ce travail a notamment permis de montré l’importance du groupement N-méthyle vis-à-vis de l’activité des analogues. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidence que l’introduction d’un halogène sur le noyau aromatique diminuait l’activité de l’analogue sur le récepteur a7 tout en augmentant l’acitivité sur le récepteur a4b2 et que l’introduction d’un noyau furanique permettait d’augmenter la sélectivité vis-à-vis du récepteur a4b2 tandis que l’introduction sur le noyau aromatique d’un groupement nitro ou méthoxy conduit à une perte totale de l’activité.
Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous avons réalisé la synthèse d’analogues de la dATP, afin d’évaluer leur effet agoniste sur le récepteur P2Y11, impliqué dans différents mécanismes de différentiation cellulaire, dont notamment celui de la maturation des cellules leucémiques HL60 en cellules de type neutrophile. Les analogues synthétisés se différencient de la dATP par la présence d’un groupement méthylène ou dichlorométhylène entre les phosphores b et g de la chaîne polyphosphate, ainsi que par l’estérification de l’alcool en position 3’ du sucre. Ce travail a pu confirmer que les analogues en série 2’-désoxy conduisent à de meilleures activités que ceux de la série 2’-OH. Nous avons également pu montrer que l’estérification de la position 3’ conduit à une diminution de l’activité agoniste, à l’exception du groupement a-naphtoyle qui conduit à une augmentation significative de l’activité sur P2Y11.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
El, Kassimi Khadija. „Synthèse de 1-azabicyclooctanes pontés : ligands potentiels des récepteurs nicotiniques“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114816.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nAChRS are pentameric membrane proteins formed by five subunits which are arranged to form a pore, they are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes connected to cognitive functions, learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control and analgesia. That's why, nAChRs have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain, epilepsy and a wide range of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, it has been recently showed that nAChRs partial agonists could constitute an alternative treatment of nicotine addiction in smoking cessation aid. In the past few years, medicinal chemists have been interested in the synthesis of nAchRs subtypes selective ligands with respect to develop new treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. Most of natural and synthetic ligands were derived from bridged azabicycloalcanes, which were considered as conformationally restricted acetylcholine analogues. In this context, polyfunctionalised bridged azabicycloalcanes constitute an interesting pharmacophore for the design of new nAChRs ligands. In this work, we are interested in the design and synthesis of bridged azabicycloalcanes coupled to heterocyclic ring, similar forced analogs of nicotine. To do this, we have developed a common synthesis method for these two azabicyclic families with increasing functional complexity. In addition, the synthetic methodology allows an access to the families of original nitrogen compounds with a very strong structural and fuctional similarity and functional groups, which allow the introduction of pyridinic pharmacophore
Houllier, Nicolas. „Synthèse d’analogues de la cytisine, ligands des récepteurs cholinergiques nicotiniques“. Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2024.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle(-)-cytisine, a chiral alkaloid, is a partial agonist for cholinergic nicotinic receptors (AChRs) of sub-type alpha4beta2 which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Structural modifications may enhance its affinity and its selectivity. In a first part, the main alkaloids and their derivatives interacting with nAChRs are described and their biological properties summarized. In a second part, the functionalization on the positions 6 and 9 of cytisine is presented. A directed lithiation reaction totally regio- and stereoselective at position 6beta allowed the introduction of various groups (alkyl, silyl. . . ). Lower affinities of these analogs for nAChRs are observed compared to that of cytisine. In the third part, the synthesis of an hybrid cytisine – epibatidine was carried out after validation of the structure by molecular modelling. The key step, originally planed using an anionic intermediate, did not occur under these conditions, due to difficulties to metallate the precursor of the cyclization. Finally, the cyclization was carried out using a radical reaction with a Lewis acid affording mainly the expected compound cyclized in the 2 position of the pyridine moiety with its regioisomer cyclized in the 4 position. The target hybrid molecule was obtained in 9 steps with a 4% total yield. Biological testing of these two compounds is underway
Varin, Marie. „Modulateurs allostériques des récepteurs nicotiniques : synthèse totale de la codéine“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors is a novel and promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The binding of an allosteric modulator to the nicotinic receptor enhances the neurotransmission in response to the natural agonist, acetylcholine. Compared to the therapeutic approach consisting in the administration of agonists, this novel approach could lead to the diminution of side effects. Galanthamine and codeine present structural similarities, have the same activity as allosteric modulators but different activities toward acetylcholinesterase. In order to identify the structural properties required for allosteric modulation, we have carried out a total synthesis of codeine that could be extended to the synthesis of analogues. In the first part of the synthesis, we have prepared a spirocyclohexadienone intermediate whose quaternary center is created by an intramolecular Heck reaction. This intermediate presents a double reactivity : a rearrangement in basic conditions leads to dihydrotropone products whereas the reaction with nucleophiles leads to tetrahydrodibenzofuran products. In the second part of the synthesis, starting from the tetrahydrodibenzofuran compounds, we have considered three synthetic paths for the construction of the pentacyclic scaffold of the codeine. These paths differ by the order of the ring closures and the final synthesis leads to codeine in 9 steps starting from the spirocyclohexadienone intermediate. This diastereoselective synthesis includes a Claisen-Eschenmoser rearrangement, an electrophilic aromatic substitution ring closure, an allylic oxydation and an hydroamination ring closure
Maurin-Michalet, Sophie. „Etude d'une interaction protéine-protéine par ingénierie et marquages chimiques“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerreau, Pierre. „Interaction entre prise de décision et gestion des motivations chez la souris : bases neurobiologiques et comportementales“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066464.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDacher, Matthieu. „Rôle des récepteurs nicotiniques dans différentes formes de mémoire chez l'abeille Apis mellifera“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThany, Steeve Hervé. „Caractérisation des différentes sous-unités des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux chez l'abeille Apis mellifera“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have cloned five neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from the honeybee brain Apis mellifera. According to theirs homologies with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor a-subunits of Homo sapiens, we have named these subunits: Apisa2, Apisa3, Apisa4, Apisa7-1 and Apisa7-2. Comparison of these subunits with all cloned nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits show that: (1) the nomenclature of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits is not consistent with theirs homologies. (2) We could differentiate these subunits in different subfamilies according to theirs homologies. We have study by in situ hybridization, the expression patterns of these five subunits during the development. Our results show that the expression of at least four of these five subunits is regulated during the development. In the adult stage we found a strong labelling of the five mRNA in different brain structures. According to both the number of nicotinic acetylcholine subunits that we have cloned and the number of combination to form a functional receptor, our results suggest strongly that different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes exist in the honeybee. Moreover, analysis of honeybee genomic database suggest that at least ten genes encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits exist. From the molecular characterization of these subunits, we have used antisense inhibition to block expression of Apisa2 or Apisa3 subunit, in honeybee during olfactory learning. Our preliminary results show that twenty four and forty eight hours after injection of antisense Apisa2 and Apisa3 respectively, honeybees show impairment of recall. These preliminary studies show that this method could be useful to study the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in learning and memory process
Lepron, Marco. „Conception de ligands allostériques du sous-type α5 des récepteurs nicotiniques à l'acétylcholine“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS584.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). They mediate neuronal synaptic transmission and modulation and are currently a therapeutic target for a wide range of diseases including Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, and tobacco addiction. The most abundant brain nAChRs are the homomeric α7 and heteromeric α4β2 subtypes. The minor subpopulation of the α5(α4β2)2 receptors containing the “accessory” α5 subunit raised recently much interest since its mutation in human population is strongly linked to both smoking addiction and lung cancer. Thus, the α5(α4β2)2 subtype constitutes a promising and specific target for the development of anti-smoking drugs through the design of α5/α4 interface-specific ligands that will act as Positive or Negative Allosteric Modulator (PAM/NAM).Albeit this α5-containing subtype remains orphan up to now, a series of natural alkaloids were randomly screened on AChBP-5/4, a surrogate of the extracellular domain of nAChRs in which the α5/α4 interface has been engineered by specific molecular mutations. A few ligands presenting an affinity for this mutant within a micromolar range were identified. Among them, (−)-lobeline is the most promising “hit”.Besides this screening approach of whole molecules, we initiated a program of Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) of allosteric modulators. An in-house fragments library was built thanks to the deconstruction of more than 300 cholinergic ligands and was refined into 1300 fragments possessing the essential pharmacophoric elements and matching with the rule of three. This library is currently evaluated by in silico docking experiments and ligand-based NMR assays.In parallel, inspired by the lobeline structural features and fragments ubiquitously found in cholinergic alkaloids, we developed a strategy of rational design of new ligands or prototypes based on molecular hybridization. In this context, we shaped new synthetic pathways including diastereoselective intramolecular reduction from amine-borane complexes and enantioselective functionalization of masked iminium
Eddine, Raphaël Etienne. „Inhibition des neurones dopaminergiques de l'aire tegmentale ventrale et renforcement à la nicotine“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066361.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExposure to drugs of abuse increase dopamine release by dopaminergic (DA) neurons of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and focus behavior towards drug seeking. Among them, nicotine binds receptors strongly expressed within the VTA. With juxtacellular electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized wild-type (WT) mice and genetic manipulations of nicotinic receptors, we show that nicotine excites DA neurons by binding to DA membrane receptors and also inhibits them by binding to GABA membrane receptors within the VTA. Simultaneous expression allows increase in DA neurons phasic activity following nicotine exposure, with post-synaptic modifications and maintenance of long-term intra-VTA nicotine self-administration. We show that medial VTA DA neurons are inhibited following nicotine administration in WT mice, atypically with regards to excitation observed in lateral VTA. This inhibition involves D2 receptors and would rely on somato-dendritic dopamine release. It is also observed following ethanol administration, and would represent a non-specific effect of drugs of abuse on the interaction between medial and lateral VTA. Our revealing of this inhibition is a determinant step of the study of addiction instatement and involvement of different target areas of the DA system in the associated behavioral modifications
Han, Zhi-Yan. „Contribution à l'étude des récepteurs nicotiniques de l'acétylcholine dans le cerveau du singe rhésus“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtkinson, Alexandre. „Structure et interactions moléculaires d’agonistes et de modulateurs allostériques des récepteurs nicotiniques de l’acétylcholine“. Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=50fa6702-ce61-4567-948c-a98b6295a7ba.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe discovery of the Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP) has allowed major breakthroughs in the characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In this work, a combined approach based on the use of various experimental methods and of theoretical calculations from density functional theory (DFT) has allowed to (i) determine the conformations and interactions of five nAChRs ligands (ACh, nicotine, epibatidine, galanthamine and codeine) in various environments (ii) shed light on a structural motif of AChBP playing a key role in the agonist binding (iii) study the complexation of ACh, nicotine and epibatidine with a three dimensional model of the AChBP binding site through a mixed QM/QM’ approach. Thus, despite the important similarities of galanthamine and codeine, the confrontation of the results obtained from the various approaches used in this work reveals significant differences of hydrogen-bond interactions of the two compounds. Furthermore, the structural motif we have found, which includes the Trp 143, involved in the agonists binding, and the Asp 85, highly conserved in the ion channels family, has been deeply characterized, the influence of a cooperative effect on the H-bond network formed being demonstrated. Finally, the energetic ranking of interaction of the three ligands ACh
Benhammou, Khalid. „Étude pharmacologique et moléculaire des récepteurs nicotiniques non neuronaux : intérêt pour l'étude des mécanismes de la dépendance tabagique“. Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRuaud, Anne-Françoise. „Contrôle temporel du développement post-embryonnaire de Caenorhabditis elegans par des signalisations neuroendocrines“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVenot, Pierre-Etienne. „Synthèse stéréosélective d'Hybrides de lobéline et de ligands naturels des récepteurs nicotiniques centraux à l’acétylcholine“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114813/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this PhD work, convergent and diastereoselective routes for the preparation of pyrrolidine Lobelia alkaloid analogues have been developed as novel neuronal nicotinic receptor ligands. Two families of ligands have been synthesized by a strategy of mono- or bi-directional elongation of the succinaldehyde including early or late desymmetrization process respectively.The first part of this manuscript is dedicated to the preparation of hybrids of lobeline, nicotine and other natural agonists. These original structures have been diastereoselectively obtained thanks to a common intermediate resulting of the mono-elongation of succinaldehyde. This synthetic pathway uses the chemistry of masked iminium. The development of this strategy has been enriched by the discovery and the valorisation of a new chimeric ligand family.The second part studies the “bidirectional” elongation route, based on a ring-closing double aza-Michael reaction followed by the desymmetrizing reduction of meso and pseudo-meso 2,5-diphenacyl pyrrolidines. This asymmetric strategy constitutes a step- and atom-economical approach. The major perspective of this work is the biological evaluation of selected ligands by electrophysiology made on different nAChR subtypes.The SAR studies realized on these structurally homologue ligand families could allow the improvement of the predictive molecular models describing the allosteric conformations of the nAChRs
Gallezot, Jean-Dominique. „Quantification in vivo des récepteurs nicotiniques à l' acétylcholine cerébraux par tomographie d'émission de position“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeddik, Riad. „Etude des récepteurs nicotiniques dans les neurones préganglionnaires et postganglionnaires du système sympathique de rat“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSympathetic autonomic nervous system regulates different vegetative functions like blood pressure, cardiac rhythm and intestinal functions. Sympathetic outflow is influenced by the activity of two types of neurones: sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs) located in autonomic nuclei of the spinal cord and the postganglionic neurones located in sympathetic ganglia. The cell body of SPNs are located in four regions of the thoraco-lumbar part of the spinal cord; the intermediolateral cell column, the lateral funiculus, the intercaled nucleus and the central autonomic nucleus situated in the lamina X around the central canal. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in SPNs and postganglionic neurones where they modulate the sympathetic response. These receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and by its metabolite, the choline. Nevertheless, it has been shown that choline is a preferential agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the alpha7 subunit, which have the highest relative permeability to the calcium among all nicotinic receptors. We have demonstrated that:- In postganglionic neurones of superior cervical ganglion, choline induced an inward current associated with an increase of intracellular calcium concentration. The effects of choline were not sensitive to the application of selective alpha7 receptors antagonist. - In the central autonomic nucleus, terminal nicotinic receptors increased the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Terminal nicotinic receptors are activated by acetylcholine but not choline and pharmacological study showed that nAChRs are unlikely to be of the alpha7 but alpha4 subtype. Since central autonomic nucleus neurones integrate visceral nociceptive informations, activation of terminal nicotinic receptors located on GABAergic afferents may contribute to a reduction of the sympathetic autonomic outflow in response to the nociceptive stimulation of viscera
Laudenbach, Vincent. „Étude des mécanismes neuroprotecteurs vis-à-vis de l'excitotoxicité glutamatergique cérébrale chez le nouveau-né : influence de trois systèmes neuromodulateurs : opioi͏̈des endogènes, récepteurs noradrénergiques alpha-2 et récepteurs nicotiniques“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBradaia, Amyaouch. „Etude électrophysiologique des transmissions cholinergique et glycinergique dans la lamina X de la moe͏̈lle épinière de rat“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe preganglionic neurones of the spinal cord (SPN) establish the last central relays of the sympathetic autonomic ways. The NPS is contained in four medullary nuclei: the lateral funiculus, the intermediolateral column, the intercalated nuclei in the lamina VII and the central autonomic area (CA) contained in lamina X which is located around the central canal. The whole of these nuclei contributes to the regulation of controls sympathetic nerves. Nevertheless, CA would have the particularity of integrating directly visceral noxious information and could thus take part in the development of viscéro-autonomic reflexes. In the UMR 7519, had been shown in lamina X the presence of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) on the SPN and interneurones like on the glutamatergic afferences. Our results show the existence of several nicotinic receptors on the neurons of lamina X of the rat spinal cord. These nicotinic receptors have a postsynaptic and/or presynaptic localization. On the postsynaptic level : the a7 nAChR are localised synaptically and are implied in a cholinergic synaptic transmission. The non a7 nAChR have a extrasynaptic localization. At the presynaptic level :the nAChR are localised on the glycinergic axons which project on the SPN. These receptors would be of type a7 and non a7. We analyzed in detail the glycinergic synaptic transmission and paid particularly our attention on the potential role of the glycine transporters in the determination of the biophysics properties of the glycinergic synaptic currents. My work shows that the inhibition of the neuronal and glial glycine transporters : - increases the decay times of the glycinergic synaptic currents. - potentiates the NMDA component of the glutamatergic transmission