Dissertationen zum Thema „Récepteurs des chimiokines“
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Maho, Arielle. „Chimiokines et récepteurs aux chimiokines: cartographie des gènes rôle dans les processus métastasiques“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Poorter Cédric. „Mécanismes d'activation et interactions fonctionnelles hétérologues des récepteurs aux chimiokines“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209589.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes chimiokines sont de petites protéines qui régulent la migration des cellules immunitaires. Elles exercent leur action en se liant à des récepteurs appartenant à la famille des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG) dont la fonction est intimement liée à la régulation des cellules immunitaires. Notre laboratoire étudie depuis plusieurs années les relations reliant la structure et la fonction des récepteurs aux chimiokines. Ces dernières années, un nouveau concept est venu révolutionner le mode de fonctionnement des RCPGs. En effet, des travaux ont montré que la plupart des RCPGs sont capables de former des dimères. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat est d’étudier de manière systématique la dimérisation des récepteurs aux chimiokines et d’analyser les conséquences fonctionnelles de la dimérisation.
Dimérisation des récepteurs humains aux chimiokines et conséquences fonctionnelles
En utilisant une technique biophysique basée sur un transfert d’énergie de luminescence (BRET) nous avons montré au cours de ce travail de thèse que les récepteurs CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7 et CXCR4 sont capables de former des homodimères et des hétérodimères. De plus, une dimérisation entre ChemR23, dont le ligand naturel, la chémérine, est structurellement différent des chimiokines, et les récepteurs CCR7 et CXCR4, a également été identifiée.
D’un point de vue fonctionnel, des expériences réalisées au laboratoire dans le cadre d’un autre travail de thèse ont identifié une forme de compétition croisée entre CCR2, CCR5 et CXCR4 où la liaison de ligands (agonistes ou antagonistes) spécifiques de l'un des deux récepteurs inhibe la liaison des ligands spécifiques de l’autre. Ces effets ont été démontrés sur des cellules recombinantes mais aussi sur des cellules immunes et dans un modèle in vivo. (El-Asmar, 2005; Springael, 2006; Sohy, 2007; Sohy, 2009). Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes dans un premier temps focalisés sur les
hétéromères de ChemR23 avec CXCR4 et CCR7 et nous avons ensuite étudié plus en profondeur les hétéromères de CCR7. Concernant la dimérisation de ChemR23 avec les récepteurs aux chimiokines CCR7 et CXCR4, nous avons pu mettre en évidence une coopérativité négative de liaison entre les agonistes des récepteurs comme cela avait pu être démontré pour CCR2/CCR5/CXCR4. Par contre, nous n’avons observé aucun effet de compétition hétérologue ou d’inhibition fonctionnelle croisée de l’AMD3100 sur ChemR23 quand il est coexprimé avec CXCR4. De manière additionnelle, nous avons pu observer cette compétition croisée sur des cellules dendritiques murines immatures, démontrant l’existence des effets de l’hétérodimérisation lorsque les récepteurs sont exprimés à un niveau physiologique. Lors de l’étude approfondie des hétéromères de CCR7, nous avons montré que les conséquences fonctionnelles de l’hétérodimérisation de CCR7 sont différentes suivant le récepteur avec lequel il interagit. Pour l’hétérodimère CCR7/CCR2, nous avons identifié une forme de compétition croisée, où la liaison de ligands spécifiques de l'un des deux récepteurs inhibe la liaison des ligands spécifiques de l’autre, rejoignant les effets mis en évidence pour les hétéromères CCR2/CCR5/CXCR4. Ensuite, nous avons montré pour l’hétérodimère CCR7/CCR5 que les ligands de CCR7 sont capables d’inhiber la liaison des ligands spécifiques sur CCR5 mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai. Enfin, pour l’hétérodimère CCR7/CXCR4, nous n’avons pas pu mettre en évidence d’inhibition croisée, que ce soit dans un sens ou dans l’autre. D’autre part, un effet inhibiteur de CCR7 a également été identifié pour les hétéromères CCR7/CCR5 et CCR7/CXCR4. Nous avons pu montrer que l’expression de CCR7 exerce un effet négatif sur la réponse fonctionnelle de certains récepteurs hétérologues comme CCR5 et CXCR4 mais pas CCR2 ou ChemR23.
L’ensemble de ces données permet de mieux comprendre les interactions entre récepteurs et pourrait mener à l’identification de nouvelles cibles pour les programmes de recherche de molécules thérapeutiques, qui, jusqu’à présent, ciblaient presque exclusivement un seul et unique récepteur.
Etude du mécanisme d’activation du récepteur CCR5 et étude de la relation entre activité constitutive et dimérisation.
De nombreux travaux ont été menés ces dernières années afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires à la base de l’activation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG). Il apparaît que les RCPGs peuvent se trouver dans plusieurs états conformationnels, dont certains sont favorisés par la présence d’agonistes ou d’antagonistes, ou encore d’anticorps reconnaissant des épitopes conformationnels. Certaines mutations peuvent également induire la stabilisation de certaines conformations, actives ou inactives. Pour les RCPGs appartenant à la famille de la rhodopsine, il en a résulté un modèle selon lequel les récepteurs sont maintenus dans une conformation inactive par un ensemble d’interactions ioniques impliquant l’arginine (R3.50) d’un motif DRY conservé, présent à l’extrémité cytosolique du troisième segment transmembranaire. Les interactions responsables de ce qu’on appelle le « DRY-lock » feraient intervenir notamment l’aspartate (D3.49) adjacent de l’arginine et un aspartate ou glutamate (D/E6.30) localisé au sein de l’hélice 6. Selon ce modèle, la liaison d’un agoniste, ainsi que certaines mutations, favoriseraient la rupture de ces interactions ioniques, et une conformation permettant aux récepteurs de se coupler plus efficacement aux protéines G. Des résultats du laboratoire indiquent cependant que ce modèle ne serait pas transposable complètement au récepteur CCR5.
CCR5 possède intrinsèquement une activité constitutive en absence d'agoniste. Cette activité peut être mise en évidence par l'action d'un des antagonistes de CCR5, le TAK-779, qui s'est révélé posséder une activité de type agoniste inverse. D'autre part, CCR5 possède au sein de l'hélice 6 une arginine en position 6.30 et non pas un glutamate ou un aspartate. Une arginine à cette position ne peut donc contribuer au maintien d’une conformation inactive par interaction avec R3.50 .Dans le but de tester le modèle de « DRY-lock » sur CCR5 et de mieux comprendre les interactions moléculaires impliquées dans l’activation du récepteur, plusieurs récepteurs mutants ont été construits au laboratoire. Tout d’abord, l’arginine 3.50 du motif DRY a été mutée en Asn (R3.50N) afin de rompre les interactions ioniques de ce résidu. L’aspartate 3.49 a été muté en Asn (D3.49N) ou en Val (D3.49V), afin de neutraliser une des interactions du « DRY-lock » (Lagane, 2005). L’arginine 6.30 a été mutée d’une part en Asp (R6.30D) ou en Glu (R6.30E), afin de rétablir une possibilité d’interaction avec R3.50, d’autre part en Ala (R6.30A) et en Gln (R6.30Q) afin de mieux cerner le rôle de la charge de l’arginine. Afin de tester l’hypothèse d’interaction entre le résidu 6.30 et le résidu 2.40, l’aspartate 2 .40 a été mutée en Ala (D2.40A) ou en Arg (D2.40R) et des récepteurs présentant les deux mutations ont également construits (D2.40A/R6.30A et D2.40R/R6.30D). L’ensemble des résultats obtenus par l’analyse de ces mutants a permis de montrer que la nature des interactions entre l’extrémité cytosolique des hélices 3 et 6 influence l’activité du récepteur CCR5 (Springael, 2007). Une interaction forte conduit à une forme de récepteur inactif alors qu’une interaction faible s’accompagne d’une augmentation d’activité constitutive. Cette propriété de CCR5 serait donc partagée avec d’autres récepteurs appartenant à la famille de la rhodopsine. Cependant les interactions inter-hélice stabilisant ces conformations seraient différentes pour CCR5. D’autre part, l’étude de la position 2.40 laisse supposer l'importance du résidu aspartate 2.40 dans le maintien d'une conformation permettant l'activité constitutive du récepteur. Nous avons également testé s’il existait une corrélation entre activité constitutive et capacité du récepteur CCR5 à former des dimères, mais les résultats ne nous ont pas permis de mettre en évidence une quelconque relation entre activité et dimérisation.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Roumier, Anne-Sophie. „Rôle des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans les hyperéosinophilies“. Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMcheik, Saria. „Conséquences fonctionnelles de l'hétéromérisation des récepteurs aux chimiokines: étude du couple des récepteurs CXCR4/CCR7“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/248613/3/SMTDM.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Chousterman, Benjamin. „Rôle des récepteurs monocytaires aux chimiokines dans la physiopathologie du sepsis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066360.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSepsis is the generalized inflammatory response secondary to an infection. This is a common and serious condition that involves the immune system. The action of innate immunity in sepsis is mediated by the activation and recruitment of monocytes, which are mononuclear circulating cells, which modulate the inflammatory process. The mobilization of monocytes involves chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) and their receptors. This work was specifically focused on the role of monocyte expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 in sepsis. To this end, we used mouse models of sepsis and analyzed the role of a common genetic polymorphism of CX3CR1 in a cohort of patients with sepsis.We have shown that in sepsis, monocytes’ motility was modified with an increase of their adhesion to vascular walls that was controlled in part by CX3CR1. We have also shown that inflammatory monocytes play a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory phenomenon in sepsis and that they protected the kidney from septic lesions via a CX3CR1 mediated adhesion mechanism. The I249 allele of CX3CR1, confering increased adhesive properties to monocytes, is a protective factor regarding the occurrence of acute kidney injury in septic patients. Collectively, these data confirm a a regulatory role for inflammatory monocytes during sepsis and identify potential new therapeutic targets
Sohy, Denis. „Etude de la dimérisation des récepteurs aux chimiokines CCR2, CCR5 et CXCR4“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Segret, Audrey. „Implication de la chimiokine CXCL12 et de ses récepteurs CXCR4 et CXCR7 dans le coeur sain et en situations pathologiques“. Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P619.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemokines are involved in chemoattraction. Some studies realized on normal heart and during cardiac pathological condition suggested that these proteins could be considered as key protein of cardiac fonction. The purpose of my thesis was to define in cardiac tissue the role of the chemokine CXCL12 via its interaction with these two receptors: CXCR4 and CXCR7. Findings presented in this report show for the first time that the protein expression and localization of CXCL12g isoforme and CXCR4 CXCR7 receptors in cardiac myocytes suggested that CXCL12 could acts via these two receptors as an autocrine/paracrine system. The chemokine CXCL12 via its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 represented a key protein in the cardiac organogenesis as in normal and pathological cardiac function
Dorgham, Karim. „Ingénierie moléculaire des chimiokines“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066422.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVollmer, Jean-Yves. „Etude par transfert d'énergie de fluorescence de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : les récepteurs des Tachykinines et les récepteurs des Chimiokines“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArmando, Sylvain. „Structure quaternaire des récepteurs de chimiokines CXCR4 et CCR2 et interaction avec leur effecteurs“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20208/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleG protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are the most represented cell surface receptors among vertebrates, and the major therapeutic target in humans. The initial paradigm stating a 1 :1 :1 stoichiometry for receptor :G protein :effector has evolved to a more complex model, as illustrated here with the example of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR2. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was used to demonstrate that (1) CXCR4 is able to couple Gα13 instead of Gαi to promote breast cancer metastasis, (2) the multiple pathways engaged by stimulation of CXCR4 are selectively desensitized by the specific recruitment of a defined combination of proteins (GRKs and arrestins) and (3) the CXCR4 protomer plays a crucial role during Gαi engagement and β-arrestin recruitment by the CXCR4/CCR2 heterodimer upon CCR2 activation. In this last and main study, the results shown also demonstrate that CCR2 dimers could assemble with CX CR4 dimers into hetero-tetramers, and that CCR2 activation leads to a conformational change in the CXCR4 dimer. Former results showing cooperativity and asymmetric activation of a simple CXCR4/CCR2 heterodimer could then be applied to a tetramer. To conclude, the work done during this thesis demonstrates a more sophisticated regulation of chemokine receptors than previously suspected at 3 different levels: quaternary structure of the protomers, G protein signalling, and signalling termination
Iken, Saci. „Immunothérapie cellulaire adoptive des maladies à prions par transfert de lymphocytes T CD4+ TCR transgéniques“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066725.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrocello, Jean-Marc. „Les voies dopaminergiques : implication des chimiokines dans les voies dopaminergiques, implication des voies dopaminergiques dans les pathologies du mouvement en orthostatisme“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEscot, Sophie. „Rôle de la chimiokine SDF-1 dans la migration des cellules de crêtes neurales cardiaques“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066611.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding how the heart develops is an essential step for a better understanding of congenital heart diseases. Cardiac neural crest cells (CNC) originate from the neural tube and contribute to heart morphogenesis. They migrate through the heart by giving rise to mesenchymal cells of the outflow tract, to the ventricular septa and the semilunar valves, as well as to neuronal cells of the cardiac ganglia and smooth muscle cells of the great arteries. Failure in CNC migration or differentiation results in septation defects of the outflow and ventricular tracts, double outlet right ventricle and interrupted aortic arch, which are commonly observed in congenital heart diseases. The migration pathways of CNC have been well studied however, molecular mechanisms regulating these processes need to be more defined. Some recent results suggest that CNC could find their way to the heart by chemotaxis. Cardiac development is aberrant in the Sdf-1 chemokine knockout mice, as well as in knockout mice of its two receptors, Cxcr4 and Cxcr7. Mutant animals present ventricular septal defects, suggesting that cardiac abnormalities could be related to CNC. Our results show a specific expression of the SDF-1 signalling pathway in CNC in chick embryos. We have demonstrated, by gain and loss of function approaches in chick embryo, that SDF-1 play a role in CNC migration and a defect in SDF-1 pathway leads to major anomalies in heart development, which phenocopy those observed in mice deficient for these genes. From the region where arise the CNC, arise also the progenitors for enteric ganglia (Enteric Neural Crest ENC). CNC and ENC follow different migration pathway and our work demonstrate a role of SDF-1 signalling in the segregation of this two population of NC. Furthermore, we show that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are important for the migration of cephalic NC that give rise to the lower jaw. Our project demonstrates a novel function for SDF-1 signalling in embryonic development. We think that it will open new issues to investigate the role of Sdf-1, Cxcr4 and Cxcr7 genes in cardiac congenital pathologies
Ghadiri, Ataallah. „Role of chemokines in inflammatory pathologies and development of prognostic and therapeutic tools“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066724.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCochain, Clément. „Initiation et limitation de l'inflammation dépendante des chimiokines : rôle dans le remodelage tissulaire post-ischémique“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTissue ischemia triggers a process of tissue remodelling and neovascularization whom goal is to promote survival and function of the injured tissue. Inflammation has a major role in this process. Nevertheless, overwhelming inflammation can exacerbate ischemia-associated tissue damage. Of note, in a setting of myocardial infarction, excessive inflammation promotes adverse left ventricle remodelling. In a first line of work, we have analyzed the role of several chemokine dependent signaling pathway in the mobilization and recruitment of two monocyte subsets, namely Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo, in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. We have shown that CCL2/CCR2 signaling controled mobilization of proangiogenic Ly6Chi monocytes from the bone marrow to the bloodstream, subsequently modulating post-ischémic vessel growth. In a second study, we have shown, in a murine model of myocardial infarction, that the chemokine decoy receptor D6, which has the ability to bind and internalize inflammatory CC-Chemokines, was able to limit local and systemic accumulation of CCL2. Hence, D6 controlled the extent of inflammation after myocardial infarction, and D6 deletion led to adverse left ventricle remodelling and cardiac rupture
Habasque, Cécile. „Contribution à la mise en évidence des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans le testicule“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuillemot, Élodie. „Étude des couples chimiokines/récepteurs comme nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques des cancers colorectaux métastasés : études précliniques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2013. http://theses.unice.fr/2013NICE4096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith 42 000 newly-diagnosed patients in 2012, the colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third type of cancer in terms of incidence in France. The leading cause of death from CRC is the development of metastases and these metastases will occur mostly within the liver (50% of the patients) and within the lungs (15%). Despite recent progress, notably in the chemotherapies now used and the targeted agents, the rate of 5-years survival for late stage CRC remains low. Nowadays, the surgical resection is the only curative treatment proposed to patients with metastatic CRC, however less than 20% of them have an operable tumour. There is therefore a high number of patients for whom no cure is currently available. A primary tumour’s dissemination to a second organ is the result of a long process made of numerous cross-linked steps. The final outcome of this process depends on the intrinsic properties of tumour cells as well as the host response. Recently, it has been shown that the chemokine-chemokine receptor pairs (initially described as regulating the leukocyte migration) play crucial roles in the various stages involved in tumour progression. The aim of the research project developed during my PhD was to assess the use of the chemokines and their receptors in new therapeutic strategies to block and/or eradicate the hepatic and pulmonary metastases of CRC. Our work has been organized along two main lines of approach. We have shown that the blockage of the CXCR7 chemokine receptor enables the limitation of the CRC metastases within the lungs and that the CX3CL1 gene transfer into the hepatocytes leads to an efficient anti-tumor response in the CRC metastases within the liver
Guillemot, Élodie. „Étude des couples chimiokines/récepteurs comme nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques des cancers colorectaux métastasés : études précliniques“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931996.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoursharifi, Pegah. „Immunometabolic aspect of C5L2 and C5aR in adiposity : physical, functional and physiological interactions“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25593.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the convergence of metabolism and immune research has emerged a new research field, termed “Immunometabolism”. Obesity, an immunometabolic disease, is associated with a state of low-grade inflammation and is characterized by increased infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. Complement activation can act as an early trigger and precursor of other immune functions. C5aR-like receptor 2 (C5L2) has been identified as a receptor for Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) and the inflammatory factor C5a (which can also bind C5aR). This thesis sequentially evaluates (i) ligand-induced C5L2 and C5aR interaction in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and J774 macrophages, (ii) the C5aR contribution in adipocyte metabolic and immune responses in mouse models, (iii) as well as C5L2 and C5aR association with obesity-related factors in humans. The immunometabolic receptors, C5L2 and C5aR, constitutively self-associate into homo-/heterodimers and ligand treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and J774 macrophages increased their colocalization. Both C5a and ASP directly induced primary adipocyte signaling and function. However, in C5aRKO primary adipocytes, C5a effects were disrupted, while stimulatory effects of ASP were mostly maintained. Moreover, addition of C5a completely blocked ASP signaling and activity in both C5aRKO and WT primary adipocytes. Finally, C5L2 and C5aR expression in adipose tissue from morbidly obese women was associated with increased adiposity. Interestingly, ASP/C5L2 and C5L2/C5aR ratio markedly increased with abdominal obesity. Taken together, the closely linked physical, functional and physiological interaction between C5L2 and C5aR in adipocytes suggests a potential role in adipose tissue immunometabolism. This further highlights the important new links between adipose tissue and complement proteins/receptors and demonstrates how excessive immunometabolic responses may exacerbate adiposity.
Pradelli, Emmanuelle. „Rôle des couples chimiokines-récepteurs dans la mise en place et le développement des métastases pulmonaires d'ostéosarcome“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetastasis continues to be the leading cause of mortality for patients with cancer. Several years ago, it became clear that chemokines and their receptors could control the tumor progress. Expression of many chemokines receptors have now been identified in many cancers including osteosarcoma. Corresponding ligands were expressed by lungs that are the primary sites to which this tumor metastasize. This study tested the hypothesis that disruption of interaction between chemokine and this cognate receptors could lead to a decrease in lungs metastasis. The experimental design involved the use of pecific antagonist in two murine models of osteosarcoma lung metastases. Mice that were systematically treated with the antagonist had a significant reduction in metastatic disease. These results can be explained by experiments realized in vitro which show that the blocking of the chimiokines-receptors interaction decreased migration, decreased matrix metalloproteinase activity, decreased proliferation/survival and increased caspase-independent death. The second part concerns a preclinical study of immunotherapy which use the properties of a chimiokine, to recruit certain cells of the immune system and to activate an antitumoral host response
Frugier, Julie. „Rôle des chimiokines CX3CL1/FKN et CXCL12/SDF-1 dans la physiopathologie du segment antérieur de l'oeil“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066614.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), retinal nerve degeneration is associated with pathological ocular hypertension (OHT) due to the degeneration of the trabeculum. We showed that human trabeculum obtained by surgery from glaucomatous patients and a human trabecular cell line express CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1. We showed that CX3CL1 enhanced both proliferation and migration of trabecular cells. The chemoattracting abilities of CX3CL1 led us to investigate its implication in the leukocytic infiltration of conjunctival tissue during inflammation. This tissue was exposed to a toxic preservative present in ophthalmic medications: benxalkonium chloride (BAK). We showed that conjunctival cells from patients exposed to BAK overexpress CX3CL1. In vitro experiments on human conjunctival epithelial cell lines demonstrated that CX3CL1, in the presence of BAK, induces a selective attraction of leukocytes subsets. This observation was verified in vivo using CX3CR1-deficient mice as compared to CX3CR1+/+ controls. We identified the expression of both forms CXCL12 and SDF-1(5-67) in human glaucomatous trabecular tissue as well as in HTM cells. We performed in vitro experiments and demonstrated that CXCL12 acts as a protective chemokine via its CXCR4 receptor whereas the processing of CXCL12 into SDF-1(5-67) has a deleterious effect via CXCR3 receptor. We showed that SDF-1(5-67) induces apoptosis via CXCR3. We also demonstrated that in vivo blockade of CXCR3 by a specific antagonist can restore trabecular filtrating function. These three studies present evidence of a chemokinergic system that plays a role in the cellular physiopathology of POAG
Sutherland, Audrey. „Etudes des activités anti- et pro-tumorales d'agents chimioattractants et de leurs récepteurs leucocytaires“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNotre travail porte sur l’étude du rôle de chimiokines et récepteurs, fréquemment exprimés au sein de tumeurs, dans un modèle tumoral chez la souris, la lignée cellulaire LLC (Lewis Lung Carcinoma). Chaque gène d’intérêt (CCR3, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CXCL13) a été exprimé dans la lignée LLC, ces différentes lignées ont été greffées à des souris syngéniques, et les caractéristiques phénotypiques des tumeurs ont été analysées, notamment la croissance tumorale, la fréquence et la distribution des métastases, et l’importance des réactions immunitaires de l’hôte.
Nous avons montré que la croissance tumorale n’est pas affectée par l’expression des différents récepteurs étudiés, ni par celle des chimiokines CCL19 et CCL21, alors que l’expression de CXCL13 et de CCL20 par les cellules LLC réduit leur croissance in vivo. La quantification des métastases pulmonaires a montré que l’expression de CCR3, CXCR5, CCR7, CCL19 ou CCL21 par les cellules tumorales n’affecte pas significativement le potentiel métastatique des cellules LLC. Par contre, l’expression de CXCR4 entraîne une augmentation, et CCR6 une diminution, du nombre de métastases pulmonaires. La diminution du potentiel métastatique des tumeurs LLC/CCR6 implique notamment l’augmentation des propriétés d’adhésion de ces cellules. Les cellules LLC produisent naturellement de petites quantités du ligand CCL20. Nous postulons que la stimulation autocrine de CCR6 par CCL20 dans ces cellules in vivo augmente leurs propriétés d’adhésion et diminue leur potentiel métastatique. Dans le contexte de l’implication des chimiokines et récepteurs dans la détermination des sites métastatiques, nous proposons dès lors un modèle plus général :les récepteurs aux chimiokines dirigent les cellules tumorales vers les sites métastatiques où est produit le ligand correspondant ;cependant, si le ligand est produit au niveau de la tumeur, il favorise le maintien des cellules tumorales au niveau du site primaire.
L’effet anti-tumoral de CCL20 ne dépend apparemment pas d’un recrutement plus important de cellules dendritiques, de lymphocytes T et de cellules NK exprimant le récepteur CCR6. Nos observations suggèrent plutôt un effet de CCL20 sur l’angiogenèse tumorale.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Monti, Gianpaola. „Cytokines, chimiokines et facteurs de croissance dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiauciunaite-gaubard, Lina. „Exploration de nouvelles approches pour les études de RCPG au niveau moléculaire : application aux récepteurs de chimiokines“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858603.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiauciunaite-Gaubard, Lina. „Exploration de nouvelles approches pour les études de RCPG au niveau moléculaire : application aux récepteurs de chimiokines“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemokine receptors are critical regulators of cell migration in the context of immune surveillance, inflammation and development. The GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) CCR5 and CXCR4 are specifically implicated in cancer metastasis and HIV-1 infection. An expression system to over-express these two GPCRs was developed. To overcome the toxicity problem of membrane protein expression in bacterial system, the production approach consists in targeting the proteins towards E. coli inclusion bodies thanks to a N-terminal fusion allowing a high yield expression. After purification under denaturing conditions, these GPCRs were then folded using original polymeric surfactants: the amphipols. The validation of this new approach for the chemokine receptor production is one of the goals of this work. In order to assess the functionality of the folded proteins, series of tools have been developed: engineered chemokine ligands (RANTES for CCR5 and SDF1a for CXCR4) were produced. The functionality of chemokines was evaluated at cellular and molecular levels. Interaction between the receptor folded in amphipols and its ligand was evaluated using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technique. Several types of surfaces, functionalized with the chemokine receptor/amphipol complex have been explored in this work. At the end of this project the productions of chemokines and their receptors has been set up. These established tools open the way to future studies, at the molecular level, in order to, for instance, investigate receptor dimerization and complex stoichiometry
Krzysiek, Roman. „Rôle des interactions cellulaires et des chimiokines dans la réponse lymphocytaire B“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaturation of the B cell response to peptide antigens mostly depends on the limiting amount of T cell help. Lt depends on both, the availability of Ag-specifie T cells and on the ability of Ag-binding B cells to efficiently recruit them. We showed that B-cell Ag receptor (BCR) engagement on ali functional subsets of mature B ce lis selectively induces the production of MIP-lα/ β and fractalkine, chemokines which elicit migratory response in CD4+ T cells of memory/etfector phenotype. The blocking experiments strongly suggest that BCR-activated B cells produce other chemokines with activity towards T cells by. In vitro, fractalkine expression in B cells was also induced by CD40 triggering. In situ, it was found in germinal centers of secondary follicles and dendritic cells (DC) within T cell area. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that within the B cell lineage, CCR6 chemokine receptor (MIP-3α/LARC β and -defensins receptor) is a marker of peripheral mature B cell pool but is absent within in central pro-, pre-B compartement and germinal center B cells and plasma cells in the periphery. In Boyden-type microchamber chemotaxis and F-actin polimerization assays, MIP-3α is a potent B-cell hemoattractant but seems to be only functional on CCR6(high) memory B cells. MIP-3α responsiveness in B cell is strongly enhanced by INFα, the cytokine of the innate immune response. Altogether, these data provide new insides in the role of chemokines gradients and direct cell-cell interactions during maturation of the B cell reponse
Klein, Valérie. „Contribution aux études structurales des récepteurs de chimoikines CCR5 et CXCR4, principaux co-récepteur du VIH-1 exprimés en système levure et en cellule d'insecte“. Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/KLEIN_Valerie_2005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe 39 millions AIDS infected patients worldwide, the cost of the treatments, the emergence of resistant viral strains and the heavy side effects underline the need for finding new treatments. A new strategy could be to block the virus entry in the host cells. Among the different molecular partners involved in the virus entry, the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 belonging to the GPCR superfamily are known to act as the principal HIV-1 co-receptors. These receptors are thus representing ideal targets for entry-blocking drugs and computer-assisted drug design could be a way of choice to discover such molecules. This approach requires however to obtain the 3D structure of the proteins, which is very complex especially in the case of GPCR. Actually, these receptors are naturally very poorly expressed, and efficient and reliable heterologous expression systems are still to be developed to obtain the large quantities of pure and active proteins needed for the structural studies considered. These receptors were first produced in the methylotrophic yeast H. Polymorpha, by targeting the overexpressed proteins towards the membranes of peroxisomes. Even if the expression levels were rather promising, ligand-binding activities of the produced receptors were not measurable and moreover, the receptors were always aggregating after solubilization attempts. Therefore we tested a new system, based on a stable and inducible expression in D. Melanogaster S2 cells. The receptors were N-terminally fused to EGFP as a tag, in order to facilitate the steps of detection, quantification and purification, but also to develop a FRET test in order to check the functionality of the receptors thus produced. The FRET detected between EGFP. CXCR4 and SDF-1. TR proved that the receptors can be functionnaly expressed in this system. Moreover, the receptors could be solulilized by NP-40, and the amounts of protein obtained in this system (mg/L) are compatible with the structural studies considered
Desmetz, Caroline. „Rôle de la densité membranaire en CCR5 dans la migration des lymphocytes T vers CCL5 : application à la polyarthrite rhumatoïde“. Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePotteaux, Stéphane. „Etude du rôle des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans le développement des plaques d'athérosclérose : de l'attraction des leucocytes à la modulation des réponses inflammatoires“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. The comprehension of its basic processes is essential to elaborate new therapeutic strategies. Several studies have suggested the importance of chemokines in the development of atherosclerosis. Chemokines are responsible for leukocyte migration to inflammation sites. This work highlights thé role of several chemokines and chemokine receptors in this pathology. Furthermore, it brings new findings regarding the implication of these proteins in the modulation of inflammatory responses associated to atherosclerosis. We showed that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to a significant decrease of plaque size through a reduction of macrophage accumulation within the plaque. We also demonstrated that some chemokine receptors could have minoreffect on plaque size but major influence on plaque composition, which appears to be very important in term of plaque stability. Thus, CCR5 deficiency induces a decrease of macrophage infiltration into the plaque and restrains systemic inflammation through an IL-10 induction. On the contrary, our third study reveals the anti-inflammatory potential of chemokine receptors CCR1. Finally, in the last study we propose a new concept based on the capacity of two chemokine/receptor couples to interact and to favor atherosclerosis through thé generation of different but complementary mechanisms. Indeed, leukocyte CCL2 appears to be essential in leukocyte adhesion on the vascular wall, whether CX3CR1 is more implicated in systemic inflammation. This work contributes to demonstrate that chemokines are involved in all the stages that characterize atherosclerotic plaque formation. Indeed, chemokine receptors appear to be of major importance in atherogenesis since they contribute to leukocytes migration and inflammation. Therefore, chemokines are thought to be an interesting new target in the élaboration of therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis
Lecureuil, Cédric. „Implication des récepteurs de chimiokines dans l'homéostasie des lymphocytes T périphériques dans un contexte normal ou pathologique lié à l'infection par le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066653.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBascour, Dominique. „Isolement à partir de microorganismes d'agonistes et d'antagonistes de récepteurs de chimiokines: étude de la relation structure/activité de la gliotoxine“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUn screening préliminaire réalisé sur 88 souches de microorganismes a permis de sélectionner trois extraits de champignons présentant une activité compétitrice.
Des champignons Aspergillus ochraceus et Microsporum cookei, nous avons isolé une substance possédant une activité compétitrice sur le récepteur CCR5. Des chromatographies d’exclusion effectuées sur les lyophilisats des milieux conditionnés (CO.4) ont conduit à l’isolement d’une fraction active dont les constituants ont une masse moléculaire comprise entre 30 et 80 kDa. L’étude de ces substances n’a pas été poursuivie plus en détail.
Par contre, de l’extrait dichlorométhane (CO.1) du champignon Trichoderma virens, nous avons isolé la gliotoxine [102] qui possède une activité antagoniste sur les récepteurs CCR2b et CCR5. Différents essais de culture de Trichoderma virens et d’Aspergillus fumigatus, connus pour synthétiser cette toxine, ont été entrepris en vue d’améliorer la quantité de gliotoxine produite. Malheureusement, ceux-ci n’ont pas abouti.
A partir des faibles quantités de gliotoxine isolées, nous avons synthétisé deux analogues, la déthiogliotoxine [133] et la déhydrogliotoxine [134]. La comparaison des résultats des tests de compétition de ceux-ci sur le récepteur CCR2b démontre l’importance du pont disulfure pour l’observation de cette activité.
Nous avons ensuite synthétisé les épidithiopipérazinediones (ETP) reprises ci-dessous, afin d’évaluer l’importance de cet élément structural pour l’activité compétitrice vis-à-vis des récepteurs CCR2b et CCR5.
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Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chelli, Maurice. „Étude de l'oligomérisation du récepteur de chimiokines CCR5 : implication dans l'entrée du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatt, Jessica. „Plasmocytes et désordres immunitaires : impacts des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs sur la biologie des cellules sécrétrices d’anticorps dans le syndrome WHIM et le lupus systémique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS375.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe chemokines (CK) and their receptors (CKR) are essential for leukocyte homeostasis. They are also involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases including the WHIM syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The WHIM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency characterised by a severe peripheral lympho-neutropenia. It is caused by a gain-of-function of the CKR CXCR4, leading to a defect in desensitization of this receptor and a hyper-responsiveness to its ligand CXCL12. To better understand the pathophysiology of the WHIM syndrome, our laboratory developed the mouse model Cxcr4+/1013 harboring a natural mutation observed in some patients. Despite the lymphopenia, WHIM patients can mount a potent humoral immune response but that is not sustained over time. The maintenance of long-term antibody (Ab) titers is guaranteed by plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). The first part of my thesis was thus dedicated to the analysis of the role of a gain-of-function of Cxcr4 on PC differentiation and migration. The analysis of humoral response of Cxcr4+/1013 mice revealed a defect in the persistence of specific antibody titres in the absence of Cxcr4 desensitization. Furthermore, this was associated with an abnormal accumulation of a population of immature PCs in the BM.The second part of my work aimed to characterize the migratory potential of circulating PCs from SLE patients. SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease which can affect several organs like the skin, the kidneys or the central nervous system. SLE evolves in flare and remission phases and auto-Ab secreted by autoreactive PCs contribute to its pathophysiology and severity. Today, no specific treatment against autoreactive PCs exist. Targeting their migratory capacity to the inflamed tissues could be an alternative strategy. The objective of this project was to identify the migratory potential of SLE PCs. These studies were processed on samples from SLE patients during flare or remission, and on the lupus mouse model, the NZB/W F1 mice. We observed that the expression of different combinations of surface CKR may stratify several groups of SLE patients
Fumex, Maud. „Etude de la sulfatation des protéines dans les processus d’interactions biologiques : cas du récepteur aux chimiokines CXCR4“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSulfation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The known sulfated proteins are mostly cell receptors and among them, CXCR4 attracts growing attention because of its involvement in numerous physio-pathological processes (immune response, HIV infection). The 38 amino-acid extracellular domain of CXCR4 (P38 peptide), containing three tyrosine residues known to be sulfated, is important for the interaction with its specific ligand, the SDF-1α/CXCL12 chemokine (Stromal cell-derived factor-1α). The role of sulfation in this interaction remains to be established.The P38 peptide was chemically synthesized and regioselectively sulfated on all the tyrosines (mono-, di- or tri-sulfated peptides, 7 combinations). The impact of both distribution and position of sulfate groups on the interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) hyphenated to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).An interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was highlighted by ACE. It was strongly enhanced by the increase of P38 sulfation degree. The complex stoichiometry was then determined by ACE-MS, and 1:1 complexes were predominantly obtained, with all the peptides. This work opens the orad to the three-partner interaction studies involving glycosaminoglycans
Saidi, Abdelkader. „Expression des récepteurs de chimiokines par la cellule musculaire lisse bronchique : rôles dans l'activation cellulaire et l'infection par le virus respiratoire Syncytial“. Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIMP202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMenasria, Rafik. „Implication des monocytes et des récepteurs CCR2 et CX3CR1 dans la réponse immunitaire innée suite à l'infection du système nerveux central par le virus herpès simplex 1 (VHS-1)“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27529.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the main cause of sporadic viral encephalitis in developed countries with an annual incidence of 1/250 000 individuals per year. Despite the use of acyclovir that aimed at blocking virus replication, the mortality rate associated with HSV encephalitis (HSE) is still high (i.e., 30%), with the majority of surviving patients developing severe neurological sequelae. It is believed that the high mortality rate and neurological disorders attributable to HSE could involve both virally- and immune-induced damages of the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammatory response is initiated by the resident macrophages of the brain, namely microglia. In addition, blood leukocytes, particularly monocytes, are thought to infiltrate the CNS and contribute to the control of viral infection together with microglia. However, it is also argued that these cells may also amplify the inflammatory response, thereby contributing to brain damages. Knowledge concerning the recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the CNS and their role in the immune response during HSE is limited. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in their dynamic of recruitment might lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of new strategies combining antiviral agents and immunomodulatory molecules to better control both HSV replication as well as the inflammatory environment in the CNS. The studies presented in this thesis are intended to better evaluate the involvement of monocytes-derived macrophages, together with microglia, in the cerebral innate immune response during experimental HSE. To achieve our goals, we first used chimeric mice in which bone marrow progenitor cells and blood leukocytes express the green fluorescent protein (GFP). This model allowed us to better characterize the kinetics of infiltration of blood monocytes into the CNS, their distribution in different anatomical areas of the brain and their involvement in the immune response during experimental HSE. The second part of the work focuses on the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the CNS and in the control of the inflammatory state in mouse brain following HSV-1 infection. More precisely, experiments aimed at characterizing the role of signaling pathways through chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, expressed on the surface of blood monocytes and microglia, in protecting and modulating the recruitment of the two blood monocytes subtypes, namely the "inflammatory" and "patrolling" monocytes, during HSE. To achieve this aim, we used chimeric mouse models of CCR2- and CX3CR1-deficient animals, in which the lack of either receptor was restricted to the hematopoietic system (blood monocytes) or the CNS (microglia). Our results showed that blood monocytes are recruited to the CNS following HSV-1 infection and give rise to microglia-like macrophages. These cells are involved in the immune response together with microglia by performing immunological functions including phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Furthermore, we showed that CX3CR1 and CCR2 expressed on cells of the CNS and in the hematopoietic system, respectively, are important for mouse survival, viral replication control and in maintaining an appropriate inflammatory response during experimental HSE.
Ahr, Barbara. „Rôles des motifs cytoplasmiques de CXCR4 dans la signalisation induite par SDF-1“. Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMayi, Thérèse Hervée. „Caractérisation phénotypique des macrophages du tissu adipeux humain : régulation potentielle de leurs fonctions par les agonistes des récepteurs nucléaires LXR (Liver X Receptors)“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S059.
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Lelièvre, Jean-Daniel. „Mort lymphocytaire et infection par le VIH : elations avec, l'état d'activation cellulaire, la réplication virale, les chimiokines et leurs récepteurs, la molécule Fas“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDieu-Nosjean, Marie-Caroline. „Etude du rôle des chimiokines dans le recrutement des cellules dendritiques au site de l'inflammation puis dans les organes lymphoïdes“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBignon, Alexandre. „Dérégulation des récepteurs de chimiokine CCR1 et CXCR4 dans le Lupus Erythémateux Disséminé et la Lymphopénie T CD4+ Idiopathique“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy PhD works focused on the expression and function of chemokine receptors in two immune disorders, namely CCR1 in the lupus-prone NZB/W mouse model and CXCR4 in the Idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia, a rare human immune defect.Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, the development of which is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function. Such dysfunction is associated with renal leukocyte infiltration. During my PhD, I investigated the role of the CCR1 chemokine receptor in this process during the progression of nephritis in NZB/W mice. We found that peripheral T-cells, mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils from nephritic NZB/W mice were more responsive to CCR1 ligands than the leukocytes from younger prenephritic mice. Short-term treatment of nephritic NZB/W mice with a orally available CCR1 antagonist decreased renal infiltration by T-cells and macrophages. Longer Ccr1 blockade decreased kidney accumulation of effector/memory CD4+ T-cells, Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes, and both M1 and M2 macrophages; reduced tubulointerstitial and glomerular injuries; delayed fatal proteinuria; and prolonged animal lifespan. Altogether, these findings highlight a pivotal role for CCR1 in the recruitment of T and mononuclear phagocyte cells to inflamed kidneys of NZB/W mice, which in turn contribute to the progression of renal injury.ICL is heterogeneous immunological syndrome of unclear molecular mechanisms, characterized by a profound and persistent CD4+ T-cell defect and by opportunistic infections in particular of fungal origin. We detected using multiparametric flow-cytometry analyses, reduced levels of CXCR4 expression and chemotactic function on T-cells from 17 of 20 ICL patients. These results suggest that the impaired membrane expression and function of CXCR4 is a common biologic trait of ICL. Using a transcriptomic approach, we also identified an ICL-specific T-cell gene expression signature characteristic of low TCR sensitivity and accelerated T-cell aging. Phenotypic and functional analyses of circulating T cells confirmed these observations and extended them to include an expansion of terminally-differentiated T cells with hallmarks of aging including loss of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28, defective in vitro TCR responses, and telomere erosion. Mechanistically, we further showed that intrinsic T-cell signaling defects were caused by higher expression of DUal-Specific Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4). These findings suggest that premature T-cell senescence occurs in ICL as a result of chronic T-cell activation. This is in part due to abnormally high DUSP4 expression in CD4+ T cells, the modulation of which may constitute a novel therapeutic avenue in ICL to improve vaccination strategies
Franciszkiewicz, Katarzyna. „The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in shaping the effector phase of anti-tumor immune response“. Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe immune system-mediated eradication of cancer cells requires effector mechanisms associated with the presence of tumor-specific T cells. However, the successful generation of tumor-specific effector cells does not necessarily result in tumor regression. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) must first be able to migrate to tumor sites, traverse the interstitial space and fmally interact with their target resulting in triggering of effector fonctions. Chemokines are involved in circulation of immunocompetent cells. Although some of them are known to contribute to tumor progression, others are responsible for changes in the tumor microenvironment that allow the infiltration of lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that CTLs can be efficiently recruited into the tumor in a CCR5-dépendent manner. Once in the TGF-pl-rich autologous tumor site, they undergo an intratumoral adaptation process resulting in upregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR6 and the integrin aEß7 as well as the enhancement of T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytotoxicity. The engagement of aEβ₇ leads to CCR5 recruitment at the IS and reduced T-cell responsiveness to a CCR5 ligand chemotactic gradient, suggesting a role of aEß7 in T-cell rétention at the tumor by a CCR5-dépendent mechanism. Altogether, these results show an important role of the chemokine/chemokine receptor network at multiple levels of CTL-mediated antitumor immune response. In consequence, the identification of chemokine-medjated molecular mechanisms can be important for the development of innovative immunotherapeutic approaches and may offer new opportunities to optimize existing protocols of cancer therapy
Lecointe, Didier. „Rôle des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs au cours de la co-infection des cellules gliales humaines par le cytomegalovirus humain et le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaldonado-Estrada, Juan Guillermo. „Expression membranaire/intracellulaire des récepteurs de chimiokines CXCR4/CCR5 par les cellules de cytotrophoblaste villeux de placenta humain précoce / à terme et de choriocarcinome : effet des cytokines proinflammatoires“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoudot, Antoine. „Régulation et implication de la signalisation de la chimiokine CXCL12 dans la progression du cancer mammaire“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaubeuf, Francois. „Neutraligands de la chimiokine CXCL12 dans l'asthme“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 may be prevent by a CXCL12 neutraligand, chalcone 4, having an anti -inflammatory activity in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Our work consisted in proposing strategies for the development of active and bioavailable molecules, able to promote local action, and to study the in vivo mechanism of action of the CXCL12 neutraligands. We initially developed a short and reproducible mouse model of allergic asthma, suitable for a rapid assessment of the anti -inflammatory activity of new compounds, in order to ensure rational development of the proposed strategies. We developped three soluble prodrugs, adapted to local administration, inactive but rapidly cleaved in active chalcone 4. In vivo, the prodrugs have an anti-inflammatory activity at suitable doses to minimize side effects. To promote the benefit of local anti-inflammatory action of CXCL12 neutraligand, we synthesized an antedrug, carbonitrile-chalcone 4, active locally in vivo after local administration and rapidly degraded before its distribution in the body.Finally, the study of chalcone 4 allowed us to highlight a significant asthma activity. An activity related to the rapid elimination of the CXCL12 chemokine from the lung. The trapping of CXCL12 by the neutraligand reduced M1 macrophage activation and their release of pro inflammatory cytokines, as decreases the recruitment of CXCR4+ eosinophils and lymphocytes. In conclusion, our work provided mechanistic elements related to the roles of the chemokine CXCL12 in asthma, and present two interesting strategies adapted to local administration to limit adverse effects
Achour, Lamia. „Contrôle de l'expression à la surface cellulaire du récepteur de chimiokine CCR5“. Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCCR5 a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, plays a major role in HIV entry, by forming the viral receptor in association with the glycoprotein CD4. We report that the vast majority of fully functional CCR5 (=90%) is maintained within the intracellular compartments of human immune cells and of transfected fibroblasts. Intracellular CCR5 is mostly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The molecular mechanisms which control the export of CCR5 from the intracellular compartments are different in the ER and the Golgi. In the ER, the progression of CCR5 is slow and depends on its association with CD4 which functions as an escort protein and controls the CCR5 exit. Association with CD4 would induce a conformational change of CCR5, which would release the receptor from its retention in the ER by a resident protein, PRAF2. In the Golgi, the release of CCR5 is faster (5-10min) and is controlled by extracellular signals promoted by cell adhesion. The intracellular retention of CCR5 and, more generally, of GPCRs could represent an adaptive mechanism to maintain a prolonged physiological response. In particular contexts, which require sustained receptor response such as leukocyte chemotaxis, intracellular receptors would allow the permanent replacement of cell surface desensitized and internalized receptors
Benyebdri, Fethia. „Rôle des nucléotides extracellulaires dans la migration des neutrophiles induite par des déterminants pathogéniques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27839/27839.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFiser, Anne-Laure. „Rôle de la densité en CXCR4 à la surface des cellules lymphocytes TCD4+ dans l'émergence et la réplication des souches X4 du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSirois-Gagnon, Dave. „Association entre l'obésité et des polymorphismes communs dans le récepteur de la fractalkine (CX3CR1)“. Thèse, Université Laval, 2011. http://constellation.uqac.ca/217/1/030175066.pdf.
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