Dissertationen zum Thema „Récepteur de type Troll 3“
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Tang, Chongfa. „The inflammatory response of primary epithelial cells of the female genital tract to Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and its exacerbation by type-I interferon“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS121.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, which grows mainly in epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the genital tract. Asymptomatic in most cases, infections with this pathogen can lead to pelvic inflammations. The inflammation itself can lead to fibrosis and tubal infertility in women. To better understand the pathological manifestations in the female genital tract (FGT), it is important to study the response of epithelial cells, which constitute the first line of host defense against C. trachomatis infection. To this end, we developed a simplified protocol to isolate a very pure fraction of primary epithelial cells from the FGT of patients undergoing hysterectomy. We observed that these primary epithelial cells were less permissive to C. trachomatis infection than the cell line classically used in laboratories, i.e. HeLa cells. We have shown that the difference in culture medium and the addition of serum in HeLa cell cultures explain a large part of these differences. However, when tested in an identical culture medium, primary ectocervical epithelial cells were found to be less permissive than HeLa cells towards C. trachomatis infection. Finally, primary epithelial cells expressed overall more pro-inflammatory cytokines, both basally and after C. trachomatis infection, than HeLa cells, suggesting a strong capacity of primary epithelial cells to mount an inflammatory response. We then focused on understanding why type I interferon (IFN-I) acts synergistically with C. trachomatis infection towards the pro-inflammatory response of epithelial cells. We demonstrated that IFN-I, but not C. trachomatis, increased the expression of several bacterial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Expression silencing of TLR3 receptor, or deletion of this gene, prevented synergetic effect between IFN-I and C. trachomatis. We also identified the intermediate signaling pathway between IFN-I receptor activation and TLR3 expression, as well as the signaling downstream of TLR3 activation, which results in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and 8. Based on these data, we conclude that IFN-I exacerbates the host inflammatory response triggered by C. trachomatis infection via increased TLR3 expression, and that this synergetic effect between IFN-I and bacteria on pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells may play a role in the tissue damage that results from infection in some of the patients
Campolo-Navarro, Valérie. „Le récepteur de type 3 de la neurotensine : une protéine multifonctionnelle“. Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5760.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDabertrand, Fabrice. „Identification et rôle fonctionnels de variants d'épissage du récepteur de la ryanodine de type 3 (RyR3)“. Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21351.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of the function of ryanodine receptor subtype RYR3 needs the study of RYR3 alternative splicing. In mouse smooth muscles, we have shown the expression of short dominant negative variant. In fact, in duodenum, the short isoform inhibits the RYR2 subtype responsible for the release of stored calcium in reticulum. The complete isoform of RYR3 cannot interact with the short isoform but encodes spontaneous calcium oscillations only when the reticulum is calcium overloaded. This alternative splicing is also modulated in myometrium during pregnancy. Near the term, the expression of complete RYR3 isoform is dominant whch allows cyclic ADP-ribose-dependent transduction pathways to release stored calcium that participates to uterine contraction
Stahl-Welter, Lynn. „Etude de la réponse inflammatoire au cours d'une infection par la bactérie intracellulaire stricte, chlamydia“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlamydia infections represent a major public health issue as over 600 million people world-wide are infected with these intracellular bacteria. We examined the role of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR2, TLR4 and the cytosolic receptor NOD1 in the inflammatory response during Chlamydia infection. We observed that neither TLR4 nor NOD1 play a crucial role during the inflammatory response to Chlamydia. However TLR2 is an important mediator in the innate immune response to Chlamydia infection and appears to play a major role in both early production of pro-inflammatory mediators and development of chronic inflammatory pathology. The major importance of TLR signaling pathways during Chlamydia infection was shown in mice deficient for MyD88 (an adapter molecule involved in all TLR signaling pathways except for TLR3). These mice were severely impaired in their ability to up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and to clear the pathogen from their genital tracts. Finally, we showed that the purinergic receptor P2X7, a receptor for « danger signals » released from infected cells or sites of inflammation, participates in control of Chlamydia infections by both direct microbicidal activity and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ß. In conclusion, we showed that the TLRs and the P2X7 receptor contribute to the development of the inflammatory response after a Chlamydia infection
Vautrin-Glabik, Alexia. „Implication du récepteur de l'inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate de type 3 (IP3R3) dans les processus migratoires des cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines“. Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the most common lethal cancer in women in worldwide. In spite of screening improvement in early stages of tumor development, it remains difficult to cure late stages when metastases are begun. Metastatic development depends on migratory capacities acquisition by epithelial cells, involving a cytoskeleton remodeling, highly depending of intracellular calcium concentration. While plasma membrane calcium channels have been highly studied in migration processes, the role of IP₃Rs remains misunderstood. Firstly, we highlighted a correlation between IP₃R3 expression level and migratory potential of three human breast cancer cell lines with different migratory potential. Indeed, the more the migratory profile increases, the more is the expression of IP₃R3. Moreover, IP₃R3 expression modulation regulates their migratory capacities. The migratory capacities decreased when silencing IP₃R3, whereas they increased by overexpressing IP₃R3 in the low migratory breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Furthermore, IP₃R3 silencing reveals an oscillating calcium profile, while its overexpression induces a sustained calcium profile. Secondly, we demonstrated a reverse correlation between IP₃R3 expression level and rounded shape of these three cell lines. Indeed, the longer the cell has an elongated morphology, the greater the IP₃R3 expression is important. Moreover, IP₃R3 silencing induced a rounded shape of migrating cells and decreased of protrusions and adhesion. Our results suggest IP₃R3 implication in modulation of cytoskeleton actors. Indeed, knockdown of IP₃R3 induced a decrease of ARHGAP18 and Cdc42 expression, RhoA and FAK_⁸⁶¹ activity, and a reorganization of profilactin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, in a migratory model, oscillating profile is revealed at wound realization and predominates 3 h amer in cells of the front wound whereas it sets up in cells of back only amer 3 h. The spatio-temporal gap of this oscillating calcium signal reflects an intracellular calcium dynamic essential to migratory processes and cytoskeleton remodelling in breast cancer. In conclusion, our results reveal a key role of IP₃R3 in migratory processes by profilactin cytoskeleton remodeling through ARHGAP18/ RhoA/ FAK pathway thanks to intracellular calcium profile modulation
Garcia-Cattaneo, Alejandra. „Régulation du transport, de la maturation et de la signalisation du TLR3“. Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTLR3 is an endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune Systems. However, little is known about how TLR3 intracellular trafficking and maturation are regulated. Here we show that newly synthesized endogenous TLR3 is transported through the ER and Colgi apparatus to endosomes, where it is rapidly cleaved. TLR3 protein expression is up-regulated by its own ligand leading to the accumulation of its cleaved form. Furthermore, TLR3 signaling and cleavage are sensitive to a cathepsin inhibitor. Screening of the human cathepsin family by RNA interference identified cathepsins B and H as key mediators of TLR3 processing. Cleavage occurs between aa 252 and 346, and results in a functional receptor that signals upon activation. A truncated form of TLR3 lacking the N-terminal 345 amino acids does also signal from acidic compartments in response to ligand activation. Taken together our data indicate that TLR3 proteolytic processing is essential for its function and suggests a mechanism of tight control of TLR3 signaling and thus inflammation
Bono, Camille. „Physiopathologie du Myélome multiple : rôle oncogénique du FGFR3 et traitements ciblés de son activité tyrosine-kinase dans les myélomes avec translocation t(4;14)“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological disease. MM is characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Among genetic alterations found in myeloma plasma cells, the t(4;14) translocation is found in 15% of MM. The t(4;14) induces the deregulation of two oncogenes, FGFR3 and MMSET, and is associated with a poor prognostic. During my PhD, I studied the physiopathology of the MM with the t(4;14) translocation, the oncogenic function of the FGFR3, the molecular mechanisms involved in the poor prognostic and the chemoresistance. Moreover, I studied the development of two targeted therapies. My results show the anti-tumoral effect of the masitinib (a specific inhibitor of the tyrosine-kinase activity of FGFR3) in vitro and in vivo. We found that this inhibitor modulates the expression and the activity of the Src kinase lyn, which is expressed on the plasma cells with or without the t(4;14) translocation. Today, the use of proteasom inhibitors is limited by the occurrence of severe side-effects and résistance. Our results show the anti-tumoral effect of the HIV protease inhibitor called nelfinavir, in vitro and in vivo. Nelfinavir induces the activation of the pro-apoptotic pathway of the UPR System, the akt dephosphorylation, and impairs bortezomib resistance in MM cell Unes. This work shows, for the first time, the importance of these two targeted therapies and allows to identify new targets. Several clinical trials of the two drugs have already started
Dorey, Gilbert. „Étude de l'importance de l'orientation de la fonction carbonylée de carbonyl-3 béta-carbolines sur l'affinité pour le récepteur des benzodiazépines : synthèse d'un nouvel hybride de type diazépino-béta-carboline“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112416.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of this thesis, the influence of the C-3 carbonyl group conformation of 3-carboxy- β-carbolines on their benzodiazepine receptor affinities was studied. For this purpose rigid -carboline analogues in which the carbonyl group was restrained in an s-cis position were synthesized. Evaluation of the in vitro binding affinities of these derivatives permitted confirmation of our working hypothesis that the s-cis conformation of active 3-carboxy β-carboline is preferentially recognized by the benzodiazepine receptor. In the second part, a contribution to a study of the structure-activity relationships of a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands was made. Finally, in the third pan of the thesis, attempts to synthesize a new family of diazepine- β-carboline hybrids are described. The various strategies used for this purpose, of which one was successful, also led to the synthesis of novel tetracyclic β-carbolines displaying very high receptor affinities in vitro
Friboulet, Luc. „Contribution de la protéine c-IAP2 à l'oncologenèse des carcinomes nasopharryngés et d'autres tumeurs malignes : Modulation des effets biologiques de TLR3“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuilbaud, Axel. „Effet du Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 sur la glycation et les désordres métaboliques dans un contexte diabétique de type 2“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleType 2 diabetes is a metabolic pathology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The disease progressively induces organ damage through several mechanisms, one of the which is the glycation pathway. This chemical reaction results in a bond forming between a reducing sugar and the amine function of an amino acid, a peptide or a protein. Over the last 30 years several studies have described therapeutic strategies to reduce the formation and accumulation of glycation products. Scientists have investigated synthetic or natural molecules that can metabolize or sequester precursors of glycation products. Others have tried to inhibit the main receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) with specific antibodies or receptors. Despite these efforts, there is still no effective “anti-glycation” treatment able to reduce glycation products in the organism or limit their deleterious effects on health.Scientists have recently investigated the gut microbiota, and notably the actions of probiotics on glycemic parameters and the complications associated with diabetes. Preclinical and clinical trials have shown the effect of certain probiotics on weight gain and upon glucose metabolism. But while these studies have reported the effect of probiotics on different glucidic parameters, no one has yet investigated their effect on glycation.Thus, the double goal of this thesis was to compare different rodent models of glycation in a type 2 diabetes context (genetic and dietary-induced obesity (DIO) models), and then to use the most pertinent model to study the effects of a specific bacterial strain, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, on glycation and metabolic disorders in this diabetic context. The ensemble of glycation products measured, namely furosine, free and protein-bound carboxymethyllysine (CML) in organs and in plasma, were performed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.Firstly, we showed that the genetic LepRdb/db model of diabetes exhibited significantly greater glycation in tested organs and fluids (kidneys, lungs, heart, liver and plasma) compared with DIO models (High Fat and High Fat High Sucrose Diet) which, despite dietary-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance, showed no significant increase in furosine or CML levels.Secondly, using the genetic model of diabetes, we showed that a treatment with ME-3 over three months in wild-type mice (LepRdb/+) and LepRdb/db had beneficial effects upon weight gain (-4.6% and -14% in db/+ and db/db mice, respectively) and glucose tolerance. We also observed a reduction of furosine levels in kidneys (-14.5% and -12.3% in db/+ and db/db mice respectively) and a reduction of free CML in both the kidneys (-18% and -25% in db/+ and db/db mice, respectively) and the lungs (-10% and -19% in db/+ and db/db mice, respectively). This preclinical study observed other effects of the ME-3 strain on health. Among these, the most marked was a reduction in development of hepatic steatosis (-23% and -41% of hepatic triglycerides, -12% and -21% of ALAT (a marker of liver injury) in db/+ and db/db mice, respectively; and a 27% reduction in db/db mice of TNF-α, an inflammation marker).To conclude, this work has characterized a rodent model of type 2 diabetes for the study of glycation and future development of therapeutic strategies against glycation. It has also highlighted the beneficial effects of the ME-3 strain on both glycation and metabolic disorders in a type 2 diabetes model
Verillaud, Benjamin. „Propriétés biologiques du récepteur TLR3 dans les carcinomes des voies aérodigestives supérieures : contribution à l’oncogénèse et intérêt comme cible thérapeutique“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground. Head and Neck (HN) carcinomas are the 6th most frequent type of cancer worldwide. The role of the TLR3 receptor in HN carcinomas remains poorly understood.Objectives and Methods. 1) To assess the expression level of TLR3 in HN carcinoma cell lines and biopsies by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 2) To study the role of TLR3 in tumour growth using specific cell lines with conditional knock-down of TLR3. 3). To assess in vitro the cytotoxic effects of artificial ligands of TLR3 used either alone or in combination with an IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor.Results. TLR3 protein was detected at a high level by Western blot analysis in HN carcinoma cell lines, by comparison with a panel of other human epithelial cancer cell lines. TLR3 was also consistently detected by immunohistochemistry in tumour biopsies. TLR3 seem to play a role in HN carcinoma cell growth: under certain culture conditions (hypoxic or low fetal calf serum/low nutrient culture conditions), TLR3 stimulation by a synthetic ligand, the poly(A:U), favours tumour cell growth. We investigated the effects of TLR3 stimulation on glucose metabolism using a Seahorse® analyzer, which measures the oxygen consumption and the proton production in living cells. Our results indicate that TLR3 stimulation induces an increase in anaerobic metabolism (extra-mitochondrial glycolysis). A metabolomic study revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile of cancer cells treated by poly(A:U) by comparison with untreated cells. We also showed that under TLR3 stimulation, HIF1 became detectable by Western blot analysis, even in normoxia. Given the fact that RNA fragments released by dying cells are able to trigger TLR3, one can assume that TLR3 might favour cancer cell survival in hypoxic areas located near the necrotic core of the tumour. However, TLR3 expression is also a factor of vulnerability for HN carcinoma cells: indeed, the combination of TLR3 artificial ligands with an IAP inhibitor has a strong cytotoxic effect on HN carcinoma cells in vitro
Lim, Hye Kyung. „Inherited TLR3 deficiency in human : genetic etiology of herpes simplex encephalitis and life-threatening influenza in childhood“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066639.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTLR3 is an endosomal receptor for dsRNA, an intermediate of viral replication. Most of the reported human TLR3 deficiency related to life-threatening HSV-1 encephalitis (HSE), in otherwise healthy children. To date, we have described 3 patients with TLR3 deficiency and 7 patients with TLR3 pathway gene deficiency. We herein report the three novel forms of TLR3 deficiency: G743D+R811I and L360P in two patients underlie AD TLR3 deficiency due to dominant negative (DN) and haploinsufficiency, respectively, and R867Q in one patient leads to a partial AR TLR3 deficiency. The patients’ fibroblasts display impaired TLR3 responses and enhanced HSV-1 susceptibility. TLR3 deficiency is therefore a relatively common in childhood HSE, as it is found in six (5%) of the 120 patients studied. In addition, we surprisingly found two TLR3 mutations in two patients with influenza A virus (IAV) pneumonitis. The pathogenesis of isolated severe influenza is largely unknown, until we recently reported a child with AR IRF7 deficiency. Two patients are each heterozygous for P554S and P680L in TLR3. P554S is previously found to be deleterious and DN in HSE patients. P680L is also deleterious and causes AD TLR3 deficiency by haploinsufficiency. We show that P680L heterozygous fibroblasts fail to produce IFN-β and -λ upon poly(I:C) and IAV infection. Furthermore, both P680L heterozygous and AR TLR3-deficient fibroblasts and iPSCs-derived lung epithelium display enhanced susceptibility to IAV, like IRF7-deficient cells. These findings suggest that TLR3 deficiency underlies not only HSE but also severe influenza due to impaired TLR3-dependent, IFN-mediated, CNS or lung-intrinsic antiviral immunity
Pannier, Stéphanie. „Un nouveau modèle pour étudier la physiopathologie des chondrodysplasies liées à la FGFR3“. Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFGFR3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3) cause several chondrodysplasias, including hypochondroplasia, mild phenotype, achondroplasia, most common form of human dwarfism, and thanatophoric dysplasia, severe dwarfism. To investigate the role of activating FGFR3 mutation in skeletal development, we introduced fgfrS mutation in mouse genome corresponding to the thanatophoric dysplasia. The mutant mice displayed severe dwarfism with shortened long bones, growth plate disturbed and secondary ossification center delayed. In addition, the mutant mice exhibited mild deafness with defect in epithelial sensory cells of the inner ear. At the same time, a human study was performed: a bone age delay and a sensorineural hearing loss were also observed in achondroplasia patients. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of FGFRS in endochondral ossification and auditory system
Aubertin, Johannes. „Characterization of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in bladder cancer“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLim, Hye Kyung. „Inherited TLR3 deficiency in human : genetic etiology of herpes simplex encephalitis and life-threatening influenza in childhood“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066639.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTLR3 is an endosomal receptor for dsRNA, an intermediate of viral replication. Most of the reported human TLR3 deficiency related to life-threatening HSV-1 encephalitis (HSE), in otherwise healthy children. To date, we have described 3 patients with TLR3 deficiency and 7 patients with TLR3 pathway gene deficiency. We herein report the three novel forms of TLR3 deficiency: G743D+R811I and L360P in two patients underlie AD TLR3 deficiency due to dominant negative (DN) and haploinsufficiency, respectively, and R867Q in one patient leads to a partial AR TLR3 deficiency. The patients’ fibroblasts display impaired TLR3 responses and enhanced HSV-1 susceptibility. TLR3 deficiency is therefore a relatively common in childhood HSE, as it is found in six (5%) of the 120 patients studied. In addition, we surprisingly found two TLR3 mutations in two patients with influenza A virus (IAV) pneumonitis. The pathogenesis of isolated severe influenza is largely unknown, until we recently reported a child with AR IRF7 deficiency. Two patients are each heterozygous for P554S and P680L in TLR3. P554S is previously found to be deleterious and DN in HSE patients. P680L is also deleterious and causes AD TLR3 deficiency by haploinsufficiency. We show that P680L heterozygous fibroblasts fail to produce IFN-β and -λ upon poly(I:C) and IAV infection. Furthermore, both P680L heterozygous and AR TLR3-deficient fibroblasts and iPSCs-derived lung epithelium display enhanced susceptibility to IAV, like IRF7-deficient cells. These findings suggest that TLR3 deficiency underlies not only HSE but also severe influenza due to impaired TLR3-dependent, IFN-mediated, CNS or lung-intrinsic antiviral immunity
Sacco, Emmanuelle. „Identification et caractérisation de 3-hydroxyacyl déshydratases/2-trans-enoyl hydratases (R)-spécifiques potentiellement impliquées dans la biosynthèse de lipides chez le bacille tuberculeux“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTuberculosis is still a major health concern in the world. Lipids play a major role in the pathogenic character of the tubercle bacillus and their biosynthesis requires the involvement of (R)-specific 3-hydroxyacyl dehydratases/trans-2-enoyl hydratases which have not been identified so far in this organism. These enzymes represent a sink of potential new antituberculosis targets. We report the identification and the characterization in Mycobacterium tuberculosis of several of these proteins that belong to the hydratase 2 subfamily. In particular, the enzymatic data suggest that three of them, associated into two distinct heterodimers, would belong to a type II Fatty Acid Synthase complex, which is involved in the mycolic acid biosynthesis, components essential for the survival of mycobacteria. These enzymes represent very interesting targets for antituberculous drug development
Dieudonné, Audrey. „Infections virales respiratoires et exacerbations de l’asthme : rôles des récepteurs d’épuration et du TLR3 exprimés par l’épithélium bronchique“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleViral airway infections by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza Avirus, mainly target airway epithelial cells and pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs). Theseinfections are the major cause of exacerbations associated with allergic asthma in children.Innate and adaptative immunity have an essential role in the antiviral response and allergy.The main actors in innate immunity of the lung include bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) andDCs, which actively cooperate. Induction of innate immune responses involves patternrecognition receptors (PRRs) implicated in endocytosis such as scavenger receptors (SRs) andsignalling receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which both cooperate to adjust theresponse to pathogens. During respiratory viral infections, BEC activation by double-strandedRNA (dsRNA) is linked to the mobilization of TLR3 and RNA-helicases and represents a keycomponent of the antiviral response.In this context, our aim was to elucidate TLR3 and SRs functions in BECs in respiratory viralinfections and cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in asthma exacerbations.Since expression of SRs in BECs is not well-known, we have first demonstrated SRsexpression in these cells and their regulation by TNF-a. This increased expression is relatedwith a higher capacity to bind and to internalize SRs ligands such as acetylated LDL ormaleylated ovalbumin (mOVA). Addition of SRs ligands inhibits dsRNA-induced activation,showing that SRs act as coreceptors for TLR3 and RNA-helicases. Ligands of SRs are able toinhibit viral dsRNA binding and NF-κB and IRF3 signalling pathways. In vivo, administrationof SRs ligand allows to partially control proinflammatory effects of dsRNA and thedevelopment of the immune response by limiting DCs migration towards draining lymphnodes. Next, we defined the role of BECs, myeloid DCs (mDCs) and of the signallingpathways TRIF in a mouse model of lung allergic exacerbation based on the localadministration of dsRNA. Our data demonstrated that treatment with dsRNA induces lungallergic exacerbation. The use of trif -/- mice showed that the TLR3/TRIF pathway was criticalin lung allergic exacerbation induced by dsRNA. Intratracheal transfer of bone marrowdendritic cells (BMDC) primed with IL-4/dsRNA/ovalbumin in wild type mice reproducesexacerbation of the allergic reaction, whereas cells primed with dsRNA/ovalbumin have amore limited effect. These data show the importance of mDCs in this mechanism. The role ofairway epithelium is related to the dsRNA induced production of chemokines which isimplicated within mDCs and inflammatory cell recruitment towards the lung.All these data underline the important role of SRs in BECs response to dsRNA. Theseobservations allow to hypothesize the implication of SRs in infections by respiratory viruses.Moreover, our work reveals the key role of TLR3/TRIF pathway in exacerbation of theallergic reaction and the importance of BECs/mDCs crosstalk in these settings. Theseobservations suggest new therapeutic approaches in order to strengthen or to limit antiviralimmune response
Amine, Hamza. „La microalgue Odontella aurita prévient l'insulino-résistance et l'inflammation hépatiques induites par un régime hyper-lipidique : mise en évidence des mécanismes insulino-sensibilisateurs des acides gras polyinsaturés omega-3 au niveau neuronal“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe metabolic syndrome is characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have extensive biological effects and modulate the risk factors for metabolic syndrome via multiple mechanisms. However their impact on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are still unknown.In the current study, we report that Odontella aurita, a microalga rich in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prevents High saturated fat diet induced insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver of Wistar rats. High fat diet (HFD), given for 8 weeks, increased plasma insulin levels associated with the down-regulation of insulin receptor (IR) and the impairment of insulin-dependent IR phosphorylation. Furthermore, HFD increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions. Indeed, we have recently reported that TLR4 is implicated in resistin-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus (Benomar et al, 2013). We also show that TLR4 up-regulation is concomitant with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). Importantly, Odontella aurita enriched HFD (HFOA, 12%) normalized body weight and plasma insulin levels, and restores IR expression at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, HFAO improves insulin responsiveness as estimated by in vitro phosphorylation of hepatic plasma membrane IR. Furthermore, HFOA decreased TLR4 expression and JNK /p38 phosphorylation. In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that omega-3 fatty acids brought by Ondontella aurita overcomes HFD-induced insulin resistance through the inhibition of TLR4/JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways.To further explore the molecular process underlying the activation of TLR4 by fatty acids, we aim to decipher the mechanisms implicated in the regulation of TLR4 expression. For this purpose, human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y) were exposed during 4h to either palmitic acid (a saturated fatty acid) or the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Cells were then treated with resistin. Firstly we analyzed the effect of resistin, palmitic acid and DHA on inflammation markers. We show that only resistin was able to activate NF-κB and to increase the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK. However, palmitic acid pretreatment increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), similar to resistin. Interestingly, DHA pretreatment suppresses palmitic acid and resistin induced up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α. Secondly, we studied the possible synergistic interaction between resistin and palmitic acid on TLR-4 expression. We show that palmitic acid pretreatment increases TLR4 expression, at both protein and mRNA levels, while DHA pretreatment had no effect. Importantly, palmitic acid pretreatment potentiates resistin effects. In conclusion, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that palmitic acid induces TLR4 expression and this leads to the amplification of resistin effects promoting then insulin resistance at the neuronal level.Taken together, these results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids prevent saturated fat-induced inflammation and insulin resistance through resistin/TLR4 signaling thereby preventing insulin resistance
Mugniery, Emilie. „Impact de l'activation constitutive de FGFR3 sur l'ossification endochondrale“. Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) is a tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR3 gain of function missense mutations lead to a family of chondrodysplasias due to a dysregulation of endochondral ossification. To study the impact of FGFR3 activating mutation on endochondral ossification, we studied several mouse models which expressed the activating Fgfr3 mutation Y367C ubiquitously, in cartilage or in osteoblasts. In the ubiquitous mouse model, we demonstrated that FGFR3 was a positive and negative regulator of chondrocyte proliferation during antenatal and postnatal stage, respectively. Moreover our data suggested that FGFR3 activating mutation led to premature exit of cell cycle of the chondrocytes resulting in their abnormal differentiation. Major defects in the bone formation process was observed in the primary and secondary ossification centers when the activating mutation was present in the cartilage. In three week old mice, we concluded that these bone defects were due to a direct failure of chondrogenesis and that trabecular bone formation was under paracrine regulation by the chondrocytes. In adulthood, FGFR3 regulated bone formation by an autocrine mechanism
Conforti, Rosa. „Traitement anti tumoral par ciblage de TLR3 et découplage des effets opposés des chimiokines pour améliorer l’efficacité des agonistes de TLR3“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rationale for the use of Toll –Like Receptor (TLR) agonists in cancer therapy relies upon their “beneficial” effects on immune cells leading to enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a variety of cancer epithelia express TLRs which, upon triggering, may mediate “deleterious” effects such as tumorigenesis. To further dissect the direct versus indirect biological effects of the TLR3 agonist polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly(A:U)), we took advantage of two murine tumor models expressing TLR3 that failed to respond to chemotherapy but did produce large amounts of CCL5 and CXCL10 in response to the poly(A:U) and type I IFN. In vivo, the combination of chemotherapy and poly(A:U) mediated low tumoricidal activity unless a vaccination against tumor antigens was included in the regimen and the CCR5 receptor was blocked (CCR5 loss-of-function mice or WT animals treated with MetRANTES). The antitumor efficacy of the combination therapy was associated with the elicitation of CD8+CXCR3+IFN+ T cells and abrogated in nu/nu, Trif-/- and Cxcr3-/- mice. The source of CCR5L is the TLR3-activated tumor cells in that stable inhibition of the chemokine production by specific shRNA CCL5 ameliorated the efficacy of the combination therapy. These results support the notion that poly(A:U) can directly act on tumor epithelia to promote the release of beneficial CXCL10 for the recruitment of intratumoral CTLs but also the release of deleterious CCL5 acting on host immunosuppressors. Uncoupling chemokine release and prior vaccination may enable the CXCR3L-dependent CTLs to overrule the CCR5-dependent suppression and may be integrated in future trials using TLR3 agonists
Baronti, Cécile. „Etude de Flavivirus : epidémiologie moléculaire en Bolivie et Analyse de leur interaction sur la réponse interféron dépendante du TLR3“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20664/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Flavivirus genus consists of sevevral human pathogens responsible for hemorragic syndrome or encephalitis. The absence of specific antiviral treatment and an increase in Flavivirus incidence has led to a greater research effort in fighting these diseases. The study takes an epidemiological and a fundamental approach in its analysis of the innate immune response to flavivirus infection as well as flaviviral adaptation to evade this response. The analysis of circulating strains in Bolivia has led to a better understanding of dengue and yellow fever and also an awareness of their genetic variability. Given the limited information available in Bolivia, our studies could be used as a reference to understand future epidemics, improve diagnostic methods and allow the development of prevention strategies to fight against yellow fever in south Africa. The relationship between virus and host results from a subtle balance between viral replication and immunity clearance allowing the survival of both species. Each one as developed defence mechanisms against the other. We also examined the role of the non structural protein NS1 in the interferon respons to Flaviviral infection. Knowledge on viral escape strategies from host immunity could help to develop antiviral treatment for these arbovirus diseases
Mahé, Mélanie. „Caractérisation des voies de signalisation des oncogènes FGFR3 muté et FGFR3-TACC3 dans les carcinomes de vessie“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBladder cancer progression can be divided in two main pathways. The pathway of In Situ Carcinoma (CIS) which progress through an invasion of the basement membrane and then the muscle and the pathway of Ta papillary tumors which change little but recur frequently after tumor resection. Approximately 65% of Ta papillary tumors harboring a FGFR3 mutation and recently FGFR3-TACC3 fusion proteins have been observed in bladder tumors (about 10% of bladder tumors). The oncogenic role of the mutated FGFR3 receptor and of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However signaling pathways activated by the mutated FGFR3 receptor or by the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein are currently poorly characterized.In this context, two approaches have been developed to characterize these signaling pathways. The first is based on the study of p38, AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by the mutated receptor (S249C) or the wild type receptor in the NIH3T3 fibroblastic cell line. This study allowed identifying p38 and AKT as activated by the mutated FGFR3 receptor. Moreover, activation of p38 and AKT by the mutated receptor is critical for cell transformation. Study of the activation of these two signaling has been realized in human bladder cancer cell lines endogenously expressing the mutated FGFR3 receptor or the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein. Moreover, we showed that p38 and AKT are involved in the maintenance of a FGFR3/MYC feedback positive loop: FGFR3 activation induce MYC over expression which in turns promotes FGFR3 expression. The second approach is based on a study whose aim was to identify FGFR3 proteins partners by mass spectrometry after a FGFR3 immunoprecipitation, which has been previously realized in the lab. Data analyze led to the obtaining of a list of 60 proteins identified has FGFR3 protein partners with a high confidence. Construction of a FGFR3 network with this list was not possible (too little interactions existing between these proteins), so we developed an algorithm (PEPPER) in collaboration with a student in bioinformatics in the lab, Remy Nicolle, to propose a FGFR3 signaling network.The two approaches developed during this thesis allowed us to better characterize the FGFR3 signaling pathways. Identification of a FGFR3/MYC feedback loop allowed us to better understand why the altered FGFR3 has oncogenic properties and to propose p38 and AKT as news promising therapeutic targets, to treat human bladder tumors harboring the altered FGFR3 receptor. Construction of the FGFR3 signaling network with the algorithme PEPPER give an overview of the FGFR3 signaling pathways and open new tracks to explore
Jonquoy, Aurélie. „Physiopathologie et approche thérapeutique des chondrodysplasies liées à FGFR3“. Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAchondroplasia, hypochondrodysplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia belong to a severe chodrodysplasias family, caused by FGFR3 gain of function mutations. A better understanding of the role of this gene during endochondral ossification is crucial to determine the cause of the disease and develop new pharmaceutical strategies. By studiyng the phenotype of chondrodysplasic Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice during development, we showed that constitutive activation of Fgfr3 disrupted proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, as well as vascular invasion of cartilage. These defects result in shortening of both the growth plate and the trabecular bone, and in delayed secondary ossification center formation. We also showed that Fgfr3 has a dual effect, as both a negative and a positive regulator of the endochondral ossification process. I tested the effect of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on endochondral ossification, using a limb explant culture system. Spectacular bone growth of Fgfr3Y367C/+ showed, for the fist time, the positive effect of such an inhibitor on bone growth. This pharmaceutical approach also allowed us to better characterized bone defects in these chondrodysplasias. Our results suggest that constitutive activation of Fgfr3 induces cell cycle exit and premature differentiation of chondrocytes, and support the development of tyrosine kinase as as therapeutic approaches for chondrodysplasias
Shi, Mingjun. „Identification of APOBEC-Associated Frequent Mutations and Characterization of FGFR3-Driven Signaling Pathways in Bladder Cancer“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBladder cancer (BCa) is a worldwide frequent and costly urothelial malignancy. FGFR3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in BCa and a driver of an oncogenic dependency. Here, we systematically catalogued the FGFR3 point mutation spectrum in BCa and identified 14 recurrent residues (frequency ≥ 2). One hotspot mutation - FGFR3 S249C - was strongly over-represented compared to other recurrent FGFR3 mutations (62% of all recurrent mutations). Based on in-depth investigation of mutational signature, we revealed that this over-representation of FGFR3 S249C mutation was merely favoured by APOBEC mutagenesis rather than a stronger functional selection compared to other oncodriver mutations on FGFR3. Similarly, together with FGFR3 S249C, 44 frequent mutations (accounts for nearly half of all frequent mutations in BCa) were pinpointed to be associated with APOBEC mutational signature and most of them were over-represented compared to other mutations within the same gene. Interestingly, these APOBEC-associated mutations included both novel potential ‘drivers’ as well as ‘frequent passengers’, and had a potential to predict responders for immunotherapy and anti-ATR but not anti-ATM treatment. On the other hand, we were interested in functional effects of FGFR3 activation in BCa. We provided the first in vivo evidence that FGFR3 S249C mutation conferred potency to BCa transformation using a transgenic mice model. This process was associated with increased genome instability, MYC activation and enhanced angiogenesis probably mediated by hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF1A). Further, we tried to characterize FGFR3-driven regulatory network through mass spectrometry based proteomic data generated in a BCa cell line bearing FGFR3 S249C mutation – UMUC14. As expected, several well-known FGFR3 regulated signaling pathways could be identified. Of note, we also highlighted some novel signaling cascades that may be relevant to FGFR3 activation, including a FGFR3/HIF1A/angiogenesis signaling axis that we validated in several in vitro and in vivo BCa models
Simard, Julie. „L'activation de la PI 3-kinase par les récepteurs [bêta]-adrénergiques est dépendante du sous-type“. Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15475.
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