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Xia, Yuwen. „A Comparative Analysis of Early and Late Ludwig Wittgensteins Philosophical Thoughts“. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 47, Nr. 1 (03.04.2024): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/47/20240877.
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This paper examines the early and late thoughts of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein through the comparative study of two of his famous works: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations. A whole summary of the two works will not be presented in this paper; instead, essential concepts and ideas from the same two topics Wittgensteins view on language and reality and Wittgensteins view on logic will be summarized from the two works independently. After the summary, a discussion of Wittgensteins thought evolvements on the same topic will be delivered. The paper examines the essay with a critical analysis of the two contrary perspectives through links to historical background and an evaluation of the ideas. Even though Wittgensteins works have been extensively studied, this presentation will demonstrate them from a broader perspective. This essay aims to provide an in-depth review of Wittgensteins philosophical movements of thought in areas including meaning, logic, and the philosophy of language.
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Lagerspetz, Olli. „The Linguistic Idealism Question: Wittgenstein’s Method and his Rejection of Realism“. Wittgenstein-Studien 12, Nr. 1 (03.02.2021): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2021-0003.
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Abstract After the publication of Wittgenstein’s posthumous work the question was raised whether that work involved idealist tendencies. The debate also engaged Wittgenstein’s immediate students. Resistance to presumed idealist positions had been ideologically central to G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell and other representatives of realism and early analytic philosophy. While Wittgenstein disagreed with them in key respects, he accepted their tendentious definition of ‘idealism’ at face value and bequeathed it to his students. The greatest flaw in the Realists’ view on idealism was their assumption of symmetry between realist and idealist approaches. For Realists, the chief task of philosophy was to establish what kinds of thing exist, and they took Idealists to offer an alternative account of that. However, the Idealists’ guiding concern was rather to investigate the subjective conditions of knowledge. In this respect, Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophical method was closer to theirs than to that of the Realists. This is especially obvious in his rejection of Moore’s idea of immediate knowledge. Ultimately, the trouble with Wittgenstein was not that he endorsed any kind of idealist ontology. It was his refusal to deliver the expected realist ontological messages on the supposed question of whether reality is independent of language or otherwise.
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Snellman, Lauri Juhana Olavinpoika. „Hamann's Influence on Wittgenstein“. Nordic Wittgenstein Review 7, Nr. 1 (26.06.2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/nwr.v7i1.3467.
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The paper examines Johann Georg Hamann’s influence on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s late philosophy. Wittgenstein’s letters, diaries and Drury’s memoirs show that Wittgenstein read Hamann’s writings in the early 1930s and 1950s. Wittgenstein’s diary notes and the Cambridge lectures show that Wittgenstein’s discussion of Hamann’s views in 1931 corresponds to adopting a Hamannian view of symbols and rule-following. The view of language as an intertwining of signs, objects and meanings in use forms a common core in the philosophies of Hamann and Wittgenstein. The harmony of language and reality takes place in communicative use, so non-communicative private languages and pre-linguistic ideal forms of representation are not possible. Language is a free response to reality, and it involves belief-systems and trust.
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Gill, Jerry H. „Language and Reality: Whitehead, Wittgenstein, and the Analytic“. Process Studies 43, Nr. 1 (01.04.2014): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44798093.
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Abstract This article explores the relationship between Wittgenstein (both early and late) and Whitehead, specifically regarding the different views of the relationship between language and reality in these two thinkers.
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Blank, Andreas. „Material Points and Formal Concepts in the Early Wittgenstein“. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 37, Nr. 2 (Juni 2007): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.2007.0015.
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In an influential article, Gerd Grasshoff has argued for the identification of the objects in Wittgenstein's Tractatus with the ultimate constituents of reality in Heinrich Hertz's Principles of Mechanics. Grasshoff's interpretation is based on two interrelated claims: (1) The specific determination of the objects in the world and the relation among them is the primary theme in Wittgenstein's early philosophy, because it is the primary theme for Hertz. (2) Wittgenstein did not assume the existence of simple objects on purely logical grounds without having specific examples of simple objects in mind, because Hertz did not do this.
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Polo Pujadas, Magda. „Philosophy of Music: Wittgenstein and Cardew“. Philosophy of Music 74, Nr. 4 (30.12.2018): 1425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2018_74_4_1425.
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The article focuses on the experimental music that emerged after the Second World War and in graphic musical notation. He has a special interest in the influence exercised by the reading of the Tractatus Logico Philosophicus in the musical work Treatise by Cornelius Cardew. The isomorphism between language and reality and the different types of propositions formulated by the first Wittgenstein represent a new conception of music in the composer.
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Gómez-Alonso, Modesto. „The Ethical and the Metaphysical Will in the Early Wittgenstein (and Beyond)“. Análisis. Revista de investigación filosófica 8, Nr. 2 (30.12.2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_arif/arif.202126314.
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In the Notebooks 1914-1916, Wittgenstein engages himself in a dialogue with Schopenhauer’s project —one that Wittgenstein makes his own— of substituting an immanent metaphysics of human experience for the transcendent metaphysics discredited by Kant’s critique, and thus for finding a path that would be able both of capturing the reality of human agency and of staying away from the kind of self-alienation that appears to be the necessary consequence of philosophical reflection. Wittgenstein’s reflections on the ethical and the metaphysical will are instrumental to bring this project to successful completion. However, I will go well beyond Wittgenstein’s early work in order to elucidate what strikes me as the solution provided by the late Wittgenstein (mainly, in On Certainty) to two problems that the Notebooks and the Tractatus left unanswered. On the one hand, there is the question about whether the agreement between agency and passivity is possible—namely, about how to come to see the friction of the world not only as something that is, but rather as something that ought to be. On the other, there is the problem of how to make of ethical subjectivity and metaphysical subjectivity two constitutively co-related aspects of the same transcendental subjectivity.
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Alfred, Nordmann, und Bylieva Daria. „Entering the World Technologically: Early Encounters“. Technologos, Nr. 4 (2024): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2023.4.03.
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Technology is changing the world and becoming the world itself. The technical work as a world becomes a scheme that accommodates people and things in a seamless manner as they work together in an unforced manner. In generic terms, the relation of works and worlds, and the corresponding experience of a technical world is established with reference to Ludwig Wittgenstein. The practical and metaphorical example is the incubator for premature babies, which creates a safe atmosphere for the life of the newborn. The incubator represents a technically created world that becomes a protective «shell». The early adoption of digital technologies by children is also partly due to the desire of parents for safety and quiet. The success of early introduction to mobile devices relies greatly on new technological devices with touchscreens and visual interfaces. In the digital world, small children have much more power, agency, autonomy, the ability to change the environment, and at the same time have fun. Modern children enter the digital world at almost the same time as the physical world. They cannot distinguish digital and the physical worlds according to a criterion of reality. The convenient world of technology built by adults becomes a shell or even a trap for children that is perceived by them as a natural and necessary part of the world. Children perception becomes magical: they are affected by magic seduction of the touchscreen, which recomposes a reality that is interrupted, suspended, and returns it as modified, technicized.
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Smith, Joshua William. „‘Snakes and Ladders’ – ‘Therapy’ as Liberation in Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus“. Sophia 60, Nr. 2 (25.01.2021): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11841-020-00804-6.
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AbstractThis paper reconsiders the notion that Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus may only be seen as comparable under a shared ineffability thesis, that is, the idea that reality is impossible to describe in sensible discourse. Historically, Nagarjuna and the early Wittgenstein have both been widely construed as offering either metaphysical theories or attempts to refute all such theories. Instead, by employing an interpretive framework based on a ‘resolute’ reading of the Tractatus, I suggest we see their philosophical affinity in terms of a shared conception of philosophical method without proposing theses. In doing so, this offers us a new way to understand Nagarjuna’s characteristic claims both to have ‘no views’ (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 13.8 and 27.30) and refusal to accept that things exist ‘inherently’ or with ‘essence’ (svabhāva). Therefore, instead of either a view about the nature of a mind-independent ‘ultimate reality’ or a thesis concerning the rejection of such a domain, I propose that we understand Nagarjuna’s primary aim as ‘therapeutic’, that is, concerned with the dissolution of philosophical problems. However, this ‘therapy’ should neither be confined to the psychotherapeutic metaphor nor should it be taken to imply a private enlightenment only available to philosophers. Instead, for Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein, philosophical problems are cast as a source of disquiet for all of us; what their work offers is a soteriology, a means towards our salvation.
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KILLIUS, MARKUS. „The Ambivalence of Charles Taylor’s Philosophy: What makes our Everyday Reality Real?“ Dialogue 56, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2017): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217317000932.
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InThe Language Animal, Charles Taylor’s struggle to provide a theoretical framework for his narration of the self finally becomes obvious. About 30 years after he wrote his great and fascinatingSources of the Self, Taylor closes the gap between the self as a radical being-in-the-world and its analytical premises. Even if the main topic of Taylor’s new book may seem to be only a comparison of what he calls ‘HHH-theory’ and ‘HLC-theory,’ there are two other authors, the combination of whose ideas clarifies not only his approach to language but also to his concept of ‘reality’ as such: Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
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Glock, Hans-Johann. „Does Ontology Exist?“ Philosophy 77, Nr. 2 (April 2002): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819102000268.
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Early analytic philosophers like Carnap, Wittgenstein and Ryle regarded ontology as a branch of metaphysics that is either trivial or meaningless. But at present it is generally assumed that philosophy can make substantial discoveries about what kinds of things exist and about the essence of these kinds. My paper challenges this ontological turn. The currently predominant conceptions of the subject, at any rate, do not license the idea that ontology can provide distinctively philosophical insights into the constituents of reality. I distinguish four main sources of analytic ontology—Strawson's descriptive metaphysics, Kripke's realist semantics, the Austro-Australian truth-maker principle, Quine's naturalistic conception of ontology—and indicate briefly why the first three do not rehabilitate ontology. In the remainder, I concentrate on the most influential and promising position. Quinean ontology seeks to bring out and reduce the ontological commitments of our best scientific theories through logical paraphrase. Against this programme, I argue that Quine's conception of ontological commitment is inadequate, and that his logical paraphrase cannot contribute to the exploration of reality, but at most to the clarification of our conceptual framework.
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Schulte, Joachim. „The Pneumatic Conception of Thought“. Grazer Philosophische Studien 71, Nr. 1 (24.04.2006): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-071001005.
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This paper is an attempt at presenting a convincing reading of the first sentences of PI § 109, especially of its third sentence. There Wittgenstein mentions what he calls "the pneumatic conception of thought", which by Miss Anscombe is translated as "the conception of thought as a gaseous medium". By comparing the relevant sentences with their sources in Wittgenstein's manuscripts and additional parallels it is found that Anscombe's rendering is liable to be misleading. Wittgenstein's notion of "pneuma" is likely to be inspired by a conception of the kind elucidated by Oswald Spengler, for instance, according to whose account is to be understood as a sort of body (). If you take this as your central image, the pneumatic conception alluded to in PI § 109 is one which can be tracked down in Wittgenstein's early as well as in his middle-period work. In this remark (PI § 109), Wittgenstein tries to mention both helpful and misleading features of his earlier ways of thinking, and what he now calls the "pneumatic conception" can be seen to be the foil for both sorts of features. The central idea is that the core of language contains a scaffolding of rules whose ("pneumatic") substance is the same as that of our thought. In accordance with this view the logical structure of thought is held to be identical with that of language and reality—a notion which fits parts of the as well as parts of the original "grammatical" conception developed in the early 1930ies.
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Charles, Marie Esther, und Marisa Rosâni Abreu da Silveira. „Alfabetização matemática de alunos bilíngues: enfoque na filosofia de Wittgenstein“. Revista Brasileira de Educação em Ciências e Educação Matemática 4, Nr. 1 (06.05.2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33238/rebecem.2020.v.4.n.1.22381.
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Resumo: Este texto tem como objetivo definir estratégias pedagógicas de alfabetização matemática para alunos bilíngues nos anos iniciais no Haiti. Uma das principais referências em que se baseia este estudo é o filósofo Wittgenstein que, através de seu conceito de jogo de linguagem, tema relevante desenvolvido na sua segunda filosofia, nos fornece pistas essenciais que poderiam nos ajudar a estabelecer regras relativas ao ensino e aprendizagem da matemática em uma segunda língua. De acordo com os trabalhos dos autores como Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa e Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) sobre a temática, buscamos encontrar diretrizes para conciliar a linguagem matemática, a lingua materna (o crioulo) e a lingua francesa. Nesse sentido, levaremos em consideração a formação dos professores, a realidade linguística e cultural dos alunos, bem como o papel dos atores envolvidos neste processo, contribuindo assim para a melhoria do ensino da matemática numa segunda língua.Palavras-chave: Alfabetização matemática; Bilinguismo; Jogos de linguagem; Linguagem matemática. Mathematical literacy of bilingual students: a focus on the philosophy of WittgensteinAbstract: This text aims to define pedagogical strategies of mathematical literacy for bilingual students in the early years in Haiti. One of the main references on which this study is based is the philosopher Wittgenstein who, through his concept of language game, a relevant theme developed in his second philosophy, provides us with essential clues who could help us to establish rules for teaching and learning mathematics in a second language. According to the works of authors such as Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa and Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) on the theme, we seek to find guidelines to reconcile mathematical language, mother tongue (Creole) and the French language. In this sense, we will consider the teachers' formation, the linguistic and cultural reality of the students, as well as the role of the actors involved in this process, thus contributing to the improvement of mathematics teaching in a second language.Keywords: Mathematical literacy; Bilingualism; Language games; Mathematical language.
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Gabriel, Susan Krantz. „The Future of Philosophy“. Geltung - Revista de Estudos das Origens da Filosofia Contemporânea 2, Nr. 1 (19.06.2023): e62112. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2764-0892.2022.v2.n1.e62112.
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In the past, philosophy, as it was brought to life originally by the ancient Greeks, was based on the audacious premise that the cosmos is intelligible, that human reason can come to understand reality at least in part. In the early to mid-twentieth century, however, philosophy was declared dead on both sides of the analytic-continental divide, so it seems appropriate to ask whether philosophy has a future and, if so, what sort of future this could and should be. In this essay, I first look at the claims of philosophy’s demise and their philosophical milieu, focusing on Martin Heidegger, Bertrand Russell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Then I suggest a reason for the dire forecast, namely, the aftermath of what has been called the “Second Thirty Years’ War,” and respond to objections that can be raised against this explanation. Finally, I indicate the sort of future that I think we should envision for philosophy.
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Macarthur, David. „Cavell on Skepticism and the Importance of Not-Knowing“. Conversations: The Journal of Cavellian Studies, Nr. 2 (08.07.2014): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/cjcs.v0i2.1100.
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In an early essay Cavell set his sights on trying to make Wittgenstein’s philosophy available to Anglo-American philosophy in the first decade after the publication of Philosophical Investigations when it was hard to see what Wittgenstein was up to through the haze of logical positivism, linguistic conventionalism and American pragmatism. In this paper I would like to make an analogous attempt to make Cavell’s philosophy available to Anglo-American philosophy against a perception of it as being slighted, missed, or avoided in contemporary philosophical discussion.
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Baum, Richard. „China After Deng: Ten Scenarios in Search of Reality“. China Quarterly 145 (März 1996): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000044179.
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With Deng Xiaoping preparing to “meet Marx,” speculation over the future shape and stability of the Chinese polity has mounted steadily. In the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen crisis some observers predicted the early demise of China's Communist regime, triggered by a dramatic breakthrough on the part of resurgent democratic forces.1 When the regime failed to collapse as expected, attention was drawn to the apparent absence of such putative prerequisites of “civil society” as semi–autonomous social forces, civic associations and a well–defined “public sphere.” China, it seemed, wasn't quite ready for democracy after all.
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Brown, Lesley. „Plato’s Theaetetus and the Hunting of the Proposition“. Rhizomata 8, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhiz-2020-0012.
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Abstract Section 1 contrasts the approaches to Plato of F.M.Cornford and Gilbert Ryle, two of the early twentieth century’s leading Plato interpreters. Then I trace and evaluate attempts to discern in Plato’s Theaetetus a recognition of the role of the proposition. Section 2 focuses on the hunting of the proposition in Socrates’ Dream in the Theaetetus. Ryle, inspired by Logical Atomism, argued that Plato there anticipated an insight about the difference between names and propositions that Russell credited to Wittgenstein. I rehearse difficulties for understanding the logos of the Dream as a proposition, preferring a reading of logos there as something like definition: a reading Wittgenstein also adumbrated. Section 3 examines attempts by writers such as Burnyeat and Kahn to find Plato allocating a starring role to the proposition in the argument at Theaetetus 185–6: perception, since it cannot grasp being, cannot grasp truth and hence cannot be knowledge. On their reading a grasp of being is understood as a grasp of something propositional. Problems for the propositional reading include Socrates’ talk of grasping ‘the truth of something’ (alētheia tinos), and the way the dialogue develops after 186.
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Nordmann, Alfred. „A Feeling for the Work as a Limited Whole“. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 22, Nr. 3 (2018): 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201812387.
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This is a paper, on the face of it, about Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and its contribution to the philosophy of technology. As such, it advances a three-fold claim: Especially the early Wittgenstein was not a philosopher of technology. Though he does not recognize philosophical problems of technology—for example, of engineering knowledge—he is keenly aware of the limits of philosophy. Thus, he inadvertently opens up a perspective for the philosophy of technology, after all. By drawing out the implications of this perspective for a conception of ‘working knowledge’ and thus of working orders of things, this paper ends up promoting a research program for the philosophy of technology.
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Zhang, Puxin. „Thoughts on the Problems of Workplace Observation Reality Show and Its Innovation Path“. Scientific and Social Research 4, Nr. 3 (23.03.2022): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v4i3.3685.
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The innovative of workplace observation reality shows integrates the popular “observation” element with workplace themes, breaking through the solidified thinking of early workplace reality shows and love observation programs, as well as returning reality shows with workplace themes to the audience. This paper studies the narrative strategy and value connotation of workplace observation reality shows, explores the development and communication path of workplace observation reality shows, as well as summarizes the program characteristics of workplace observation reality shows. At the same time, the problems behind the popularity of observation programs have been sought after to put forward suggestions for the development of future workplace observation reality shows.
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Voglová, Barbora, Zuzana Hladíková, Lenka Nemétová, Martina Zahradnická, Kateřina Kesslerová, Tomáš Sosna, Květoslav Lipár, Radomíra Kožnarová, Peter Girman und František Saudek. „Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation—Myth or reality?“ American Journal of Transplantation 20, Nr. 10 (13.05.2020): 2832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15924.
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Villalustre Martínez, Lourdes, und Esther Del Moral Pérez. „Geolocalización y realidad aumentada para un aprendizaje ubicuo en la formación inicial del profesorado“. @tic revista d'innovació educativa, Nr. 21 (21.12.2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/attic.21.12633.
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In the subject of Information and Communication Technologies of the Master's Degree in Early Childhood Education at the University of Oviedo (Spain), the 121 future teachers who studied it designed training itineraries augmented by geolocation, aimed at children in early childhood education, to favor the development of basic skills. Thus, after its realization an evaluation was carried out by means of 12 indicators grouped in three analysis dimensions: enhanced ubiquitous learning, expanded reality designed and level of innovation. The results obtained reveal that the dimension related to the expanded reality designed was developed to a greater extent, while the students had greater difficulties to promote innovation in their proposals. However, the university students has shown to have acquired a medium-high level both in the skill and handling of the technological resources of the augmented reality, and in the didactic potential of the interactive itineraries.
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Hadamus, Anna, Michalina Błażkiewicz, Kamil T. Wydra, Aleksandra J. Kowalska, Małgorzata Łukowicz, Dariusz Białoszewski und Wojciech Marczyński. „Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation with Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Gait in Patients after Total Knee Replacement“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 17 (23.08.2022): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174950.
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Total knee replacement (TKR) is the treatment of choice for advanced stages of osteoarthritis but it requires good postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercises using virtual reality to improve gait parameters in patients after TKR. Fifty-nine patients 7–14 days after TKR surgery were divided into a study group (VRG, n = 38) and a control group (CG, n = 21). Both groups underwent the same 4-week rehabilitation protocol. The VRG group had 12 additional nonimmersive virtual reality game sessions on the Virtual Balance Clinic prototype system at 30 min each, focusing on gait and balance improvement. Spatiotemporal, force and foot plantar pressure parameters were collected on an instrumented treadmill during a 30 s walk. The most significant improvement was in the symmetry indices of forefoot force, maximum forefoot force, loading response time, and preswing time (p < 0.05) in both groups. Gait speed increased by 31.25% and 44% in the VRG and CG groups, respectively (p < 0.005). However, the extra exergaming sessions did not significantly improve rehabilitation outcomes. Therefore, additional VR training does not improve gait better than standard rehabilitation alone, but the improvement of gait, especially its symmetry, is significant within the first six weeks after surgery.
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Smirnov, Mikhail A. „Ontology of Substances and Ontology of Facts: back to Comparison“. RUDN Journal of Philosophy 27, Nr. 2 (21.06.2023): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-2-345-360.
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The purpose of this work is to characterize clearly the early Wittgenstein’s position in context of the contemporary discussions between the adherers of classical ontology, based on the notion of substance, and its detractors. The Aristotle’s ousiology is usually regarded as a locus classicus of substantial ontology. A noticeable tendency in the contemporary philosophy is the rejective stance towards the notion of substance and towards the vision of the reality as the ‘totality of things’ ( summa rerum ). This trend goes through the 20th century (B. Russell, etc.) and is prominent in the philosophy of the 21th century. Wittgenstein, who calls the world the totality of facts, not of things, is sustainably regarded in the secondary literature as a herald of a non-classical way of thought, presented in his ontology of facts - a radical alternative to substantial ontology. However, how can this claim cohere with the active usage of the classical substantialism terms, going back to Aristotle, in the “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus”? In order to answer this question, it’s advisably to address, as the starting point of the analysis, the work of B. Wolniewicz comparing Wittgensteinian ontology to Aristotelian ontology and pointing out not only difference, but also parallelism between them. In the present paper, it’s shown that some of Wolniewicz’s remarks are valuable, but the overall view of the problem should be corrected and supplemented taking into account nuances of both Aristotelian and Wittgensteinian ontologies. Having in mind the results of this analysis, one can read the early Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a statement about the role of the classical forms of thought for a philosopher proposing a non-classical worldview, which helps to elucidate the structure of the contemporary ontological discussions.
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Cherry, Sabrina, Juliette Meyer, Gregory Mann und Pamela Meersand. „Professional and Personal Development After Psychoanalytic Training: Interviews with Early Career Analysts“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 68, Nr. 2 (April 2020): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065120921563.
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After analytic training, graduates position their newly acquired identity as “psychoanalyst” in the context of their broader career, contemplating whether to start new analytic cases, adapting their new knowledge base to psychotherapy practice, and deciding how to focus their professional and personal interests going forward. Using questionnaires and interviews, the Columbia Postgraduate Analytic Practice Study (CPAPS) has prospectively tracked the career trajectory of 69 of 76 graduates (91%) from the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research since 2003. In this paper grounded theory is used to identify developmental themes in interviews with analysts who have been followed for at least ten years. Recent graduates are negotiating the following challenges: developing a sense of competence, navigating relationships with colleagues and former supervisors as situations change and roles shift, transitioning into becoming mentors, and balancing the competing responsibilities of professional and personal life. Disillusionment about aspects of training, analytic practice, analysis as a treatment, institute politics, and the field in general emerges as a stark reality, despite a high level of career satisfaction. Educational recommendations include making career development opportunities available and providing a realistic view of both practice realities and expectations of analytic treatment outcome.
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Wierel, Karolina. „Po co nam postapokalipsy? Kultura postapokaliptyczna na początku XXI wieku z perspektywy kultur Zachodu“. Przegląd Humanistyczny, Nr. 1 (26.04.2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9222.
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In the article I wonder about the reasons for the growing popularity of the postapocalyptic works in the pop culture of the early 21st century. The world after the collapse of the Western civilization is created in various literary, film and photographic forms, the examples of which I present in my study. The alternative post-apocalyptic reality is the postindustrial reality, archaized and non-anthropocentric. The technological regress presented in the works is based on imaginings of the end and is analogous to the fall of humanity among those people who survived after the “end” or were born afterwards. In the post-apocalyptic works of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries it can be noticed that the authors of the vision of world “after to end” abandoned an extremely negative tone.
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Schou, Mogens. „Is There a Lithium Withdrawal Syndrome?“ British Journal of Psychiatry 163, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.4.514.
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The evidence for abstinence phenomena after discontinuation of lithium is weak and ambiguous. Early manic and depressive recurrences after lithium discontinuation may suggest rebound, but studies carried out with appropriate methodology have failed to confirm its reality. Discontinuation of prophylactic lithium treatment of recurrent manic-depressive illness, whether abrupt or gradual, involves risk of relapse, but the existence of a special lithium withdrawal syndrome remains unproven.
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Khan, Tasneem, Kevin Johnston und Jacques Ophoff. „The Impact of an Augmented Reality Application on Learning Motivation of Students“. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2019 (03.02.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7208494.
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The research on augmented reality applications in education is still in an early stage, and there is a lack of research on the effects and implications of augmented reality in the field of education. The purpose of this research was to measure and understand the impact of an augmented reality mobile application on the learning motivation of undergraduate health science students at the University of Cape Town. We extend previous research that looked specifically at the impact of augmented reality technology on student learning motivation. The intrinsic motivation theory was used to explain motivation in the context of learning. The attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) model guided the understanding of the impact of augmented reality on student motivation, and the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey was used to design the research instrument. The research examined the differences in student learning motivation before and after using the augmented reality mobile application. A total of 78 participants used the augmented reality mobile application and completed the preusage and postusage questionnaires. The results showed that using an augmented reality mobile application increased the learning motivation of students. The attention, satisfaction, and confidence factors of motivation were increased, and these results were found to be significant. Although the relevance factor showed a decrease it proved to be insignificant.
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Leven, Bozena. „Middle-Income Trap - Threat or Reality“. Contemporary Economics 15, Nr. 3 (08.09.2021): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.452.
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The middle-income trap (MIT) describes obstacles to sustainable growth experienced by some middle-income countries. The initial growth of emerging economies is often characterized by reliance on labor intense, import driven factors, facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI). As it matures, that initial growth becomes more dependent on foreign technology imports to produce exports, which can impede sustained growth. Poland is representative of several middle-income East European countries; after the 1990 transition, Poland had inadequate infrastructure and obsolescent industries, but a work force that was highly educated. Since 1990, relatively low labor costs, technology imports, European Union (EU) funding, and FDI have propelled Poland to middle-income status. However, Poland’s comparative labor advantages have recently diminished, while both the quantity and composition of FDI inflows are changing. In this paper, we examine whether some growth factors have been exhausted, leaving Poland subject to MIT. To answer this question, we assess changes in investment and factor productivity, labor force educational attainments, FDI, new product/technology development, imports, export diversification, product complexity, and other factors. We conclude that in Poland several conditions consistent with MIT are gaining importance and may be an early warning sign of challenges to its future growth.
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Belaroussi, Rachid, Margherita Pazzini, Israa Issa, Corinne Dionisio, Claudio Lantieri, Elena Díaz González, Valeria Vignali und Sonia Adelé. „Assessing the Future Streetscape of Rimini Harbor Docks with Virtual Reality“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 6 (21.03.2023): 5547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065547.
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The human factor plays an important role in the successful design of infrastructure to support sustainable mobility. By engaging users early in the design process, information can be obtained before physical environments are built, making designed spaces more attractive and safer for users. This study presents the collected data of a virtual reality (VR) application in which user perception has been evaluated within an urban redevelopment context. The area under consideration is the Canal of the Port of Rimini (Italy), a degraded area not connected to the city center. The redevelopment of degraded urban areas is the first step towards achieving the sustainability aims set out in the Sustainable Development Goals. Prior to this work, evaluation methods were developed in the decision-making process, considering different social, economic, and environmental aspects in order to obtain a priority scale of interventions for urban regeneration. Architectural solutions were proposed to represent targeted and specific interventions that are designed precisely for the context to which they are dedicated in order to make the Canal Port area a continuum with its urban context and to improve its perception by tourists and inhabitants. To assess these proposed infrastructure modifications, two models of VR were created, one relevant to the current condition and one representing the future condition after redevelopment of the area. Virtual visits to the Canal of the Port of Rimini were created under two scenarios, namely, the current situation and the future situation after redevelopment of the infrastructure. Then, human participants were involved through two different questionnaires. The first allowed participants validate the VR model created by comparing it with the real context, while the second served to evaluate the perceptions of users by comparing the two VR models of the canal before and after the intervention. The results of this empirical research highlight the benefits of engaging users early in the design process and improving the user experience before implementing renovation of the infrastructure.
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Lazem, Hatem, Abi Hall, Yasmine Gomaa, Maedeh Mansoubi, Sallie Lamb und Helen Dawes. „The Extent of Evidence Supporting the Effectiveness of Extended Reality Telerehabilitation on Different Qualitative and Quantitative Outcomes in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, Nr. 17 (23.08.2023): 6630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20176630.
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Objective: To present the extent of evidence concerning the effectiveness of extended reality telerehabilitation and patients’ experiences of using different types of virtual reality exercises at home. Methods: We included studies on virtual reality and augmented reality telerehabilitation published in English. Systematic searches were undertaken in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PEDro, with no date limitations. We included only RCTs and qualitative studies exploring patients’ experiences. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool for quantitative papers and the CASP scale for qualitative studies. All results are presented narratively. Results: Thirteen studies, nine quantitative and four qualitative, were included, with one qualitative and seven quantitative having a high risk of bias. All studies reported that extended reality-based telerehabilitation may be effective compared to conventional exercises or other extended reality exercises. Seven quantitative studies focused on upper limb function. Qualitative papers suggested that VR exercises were perceived as feasible by patients. Conclusions: The literature suggests VR home exercises are feasible and potentially effective for patients after a stroke in the upper limb. Further high-quality studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of XR exercises early adoption on different qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Registration number: (CRD42022384356).
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Vélez, Daniel Villegas. „Apparatus of Capture: Music and the Mimetic Construction of Social Reality in the Early Modern/Colonial Period“. CounterText 8, Nr. 1 (April 2022): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0260.
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This paper supplements Gebauer and Wulf’s analyses of mimesis as a mechanism for the construction of social reality. After situating archaic musical mimesis in the context of Homeric performance and its critique in Plato, I demonstrate how musical mimesis functions as an assemblage of inscription of social mores and values through two case studies. The first examines how this mimetic mechanism is actualised in the 1589 Medici intermedi as an allegorical apparatus of capture that enables the sovereign to control the space and time of the performance. The second examines how this apparatus is redeployed by seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries in South America to coerce nomadic Indigenous peoples into settlements known as ‘reducciones’. The paper advances an account of the darker role of musical mimesis in the dissymmetrical construction of social reality during the baroque: as a world-making tool of sovereign power and a world-destroying mechanism of epistemic genocide in colonised territories.
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Vieillard-Baron, Antoine, Jean-Marie Schmitt, Alain Beauchet, Roch Augarde, Sebastien Prin, Bernard Page und François Jardin. „Early Preload Adaptation in Septic Shock?“ Anesthesiology 94, Nr. 3 (01.03.2001): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200103000-00007.
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Background An accepted concept in septic shock is that preload adaptation by acute left ventricular dilatation, when occurring spontaneously or with the aid of volume loading, permits maintenance of an adequate cardiac output, leading to final recovery. From a physiologic point of view, this concept appears debatable because a normal pericardium exerts a restraining action on a normal heart. Methods During a 26-month period, the authors investigated, by transesophageal echocardiography, 40 patients hospitalized in their unit for an episode of septic shock. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in the first hours after admission, proceeded by correction of any hypovolemia, and stabilization of arterial pressure by vasoactive agent infusion if necessary. Left ventricular dimensions were obtained in long- and short-axis views, permitting calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction (long axis) and fractional area contraction (short axis). Stroke index was simultaneously measured by the Doppler technique. Results Stroke index was strongly correlated with both echocardiographic left ventricle ejection fraction (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001) and left ventricle fractional area contraction (r = 0.76; P < 0.0001), whereas it was independent of echocardiographic left ventricle diastolic dimensions. Conclusions The transesophageal echocardiography study was unable to confirm the reality of the concept of early preload adaptation by left ventricular dilatation in septic shock. Conversely, because left ventricular volume always remained in a normal range after correcting hypovolemia, systolic function was the unique determinant of stroke index in septic shock.
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Aleixo, Sabina B., Jose Zago Pulido und Narelle Parmanhane. „Post pandemic reality in breast cancer in Brazil.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, Nr. 16_suppl (01.06.2023): e22530-e22530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e22530.
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e22530 Background: After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was impact in breast cancer diagnosis all over the world but especially in low income countries. We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on early diagnosis of breast cancer at an oncology center in southeast of Brazil. Methods: We extracted data on new breast cancer cases from Hospital Cancer Registry (RHC) of the Hospital Evangelico de Cachoeiro de Itapermirim in Espirito Santo/Brazil. Two intervals were compared: pre-COVID-19 (2019) and pos COVID-19 pandemic (2021) periods. Results: We had 224 new breast cancer cases in 2019 and 252 in 2021. There was an increase of 12,5 % new cases comparing the two years. In 2019 we had 23% of cases diagnosed in clinical stage (CS) I, 33% CS II, 15% CS III, 11% CS IV and 18% without information. In the year 2021 13% in CS I, 40% CS II, 20% CS III, 11% CS IV and 16% without CS information (table). In respect of age da median age at first diagnosis in 2019 was 61 years and in 2021 it was 56 years, demonstrating a decrease of age over the years. Conclusions: Breast cancer in Brazil was already a public health problem before the pandemic and it has aggravated. A substantial decrease in the number of patients with earlier stages of breast cancer at diagnosis was observed after COVID-19 pandemic. This studies demonstrates the need of efficient public policy to mitigate this problem. [Table: see text]
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Lo Presti, Mirco, Sergio Cialdella, Giuseppe Agrò, Alberto Grassi, Silvio Caravelli, Massimiliano Mosca, Giulio Marcheggiani Muccioli, Stefano Zaffagnini und Giuseppe Costa. „Return to Sports after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Reality or Utopia? A 48-Month Follow-Up Prospective Study“. Journal of Knee Surgery 32, Nr. 02 (28.02.2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635111.
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AbstractUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has increased in popularity in the last years, also in younger and more active patients with great expectancies. The purpose of our study was to investigate the change in sports activities before and after medial UKA. We surveyed 53 athletic patients; all underwent cemented medial UKA, to determine not only their subjective and objective evaluation of clinical status with Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and visual analog score (VAS) score, but also their sporting and recreational activities at a mean follow-up of 48 ± 6 months (range, 18–56 months). At the last follow-up, 48 of 53 patients were engaged in sports and recreational disciplines, resulting in a return to activity rate of 90%. No early failure and no cases of revision were reported. The frequency of activities (sessions per week) and the time session remained constant at the time of survey. The most common activities after surgery were hiking, cycling, and swimming. Several high-impact activities, as well as skiing and football, had a significant decrease in participating patients. There were no gender-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-related differences. UKA can be considered a viable alternative in relatively young patients with high functional requirements and the correct indications, however, warning the patients about the risks of polyethylene wear and early loosening of the prosthetic components as a result of the resumption of sporting activities in high impact. Level of Evidence Prospective case series, level 4.
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Kamboj, Ashish, Bikash Ranjan Bindhani, Pritam Mohanty, Subhas Seth, Debapreeti Mohanty und PV Samir. „Effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) technology towards pain management during initial fixed orthodontic procedures: A case-control study“. IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, Nr. 3 (15.10.2022): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.027.
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The goal of this research is to see how effective virtual reality (VR) is in reducing discomfort during early fixed orthodontic operations. The research comprised 70 individuals, all of whom were between the ages of 15 to 18 years randomly divided into two groups- research group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). Patients in the experimental group received a virtual reality headset and watched interesting movies during orthodontic procedures, while those in the control group received regular care. The VR headgear was placed over the patient's eyes as the dental procedure began in the study group, whereas the controls group's eyes were kept open as they viewed the clinic and dental procedures going on around them. After adopting virtual reality movies before and after dental treatments, there was a statistically significant difference in pain levels between the control and study groups. The mean pain ratings during orthodontic treatment were 8.6 and 6.3 in the control and study groups, respectively. Following orthodontic treatment, the control and study groups reported mean pain levels of 7.4 and 6.7, respectively. VR is found to be an effective method in pain alleviation during initial fixed orthodontic procedures.
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MARCHANDISE, SÉBASTIEN, CHRISTOPHE SCAVÉE, DAMIEN BADOT, OLIVIER DECEUNINCK, OLIVIER XHAËT, PIERRE HAUSMAN, CHRISTOPHE DE MEESTER und JEAN-BENOÎT LE POLAIN DE WAROUX. „Intravenous Adenosine to Predict Conduction Recurrence in Cavotricuspid Isthmus Early After Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter: Myth or Reality?“ Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 23, Nr. 11 (26.06.2012): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02384.x.
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Zhaplova, Tatyana, und Elena Khmura. „The Image of the Author and the Character in Provincial Satirical Press in the Early 20th Century“. Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 9, Nr. 2 (27.05.2020): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2020.9(2).300-306.
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The article analyzes the structure of the image of the author and the character in satirical magazines published in Orenburg in the early 20th century. The study shows that creation of a literary «mask» and the dialogization of main characters speech are the key methods to reflect the authors position, who is forced to maneuver between the reader and voluntary censorship. Parody, being an integral part of the arsenal of satirical poetics, contributes to effective intervention in the inconsistencies of modern reality, their correction or eradication. However, the external layer of tests, thanks to the malicious, ambivalent irony, preserves a completely noble and emotionally neutral form of appeal to contemporaries discussing everyday problems. It focuses on the hidden mechanisms of modern reality, affecting consciousness, worldview and social position of an individual and the stages of its development. Parodying the speech of representatives of various social classes, the author, using specific vocabulary and stylistics, clearly delineated the boundaries. It was possible to go beyond them only for a representative of a journalistic community that owned a palette of diverse means and techniques. They stylized characteristic noble metaphorization, merchant and bureaucratic symbolization, masking the lack of both spirituality and reason for existence in the description of peasants life, striking by its terrifying reality. The editorial policy of magazines is clearly reflected in the selection of materials for their distribution on the page. After accusatory materials relevant to the political and public life of the city, everyday genre paintings of national disasters and oppression are placed. It strengthens the readers need for change.
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Malcovati, Silvia. „The utopia of reality: Realisms in architecture between ideology and phenomenology“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 6, Nr. 3 (2014): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1402146m.
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Proposed on the occasion of the First Congress of the Soviet writers in Moscow in 1934, the notion of realism coming about in the theoretical debate on architecture in the early thirties of the twentieth century appears to be an ambiguous notion, straddling between idealism and ideology, innovative research and historicist formalism. The failure of socialist realism and the crisis of its emphatic and monumentalist architectural imagery, clearly shows the utopian character of the realist "dream," but also, in some ways, its imaginative power of striving to build a better world. After the Second World War the question of realism comes into discussion again. Especially in Italy realism turn into an alternative to the modern paradigm, no less utopian, but open for the emerging postmodern American ideas as well as for the architecture of the "Tendenza." The paper proposes a survey on the twentieth century realisms as an instrument of reflecting the current state of architecture: after the excesses of the postmodern populism, the disillusionment of the "Architettura Razionale" and the dialectics of reconstruction-deconstruction, a new spectre of "Realism" as a way to react to the current architectural and urban condition seems to emerge in architecture again.
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Bouma, Esther M. C., Lonneke M. Vink und Arie Dijkstra. „Expectations Versus Reality: Long-Term Research on the Dog–Owner Relationship“. Animals 10, Nr. 5 (29.04.2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050772.
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In the framework of the early prevention of problems in the owner–dog relationship, it is important to have a broad perspective on the development of this relationship over time, starting before people actually acquire a dog. People who currently (or previously) own(ed) a dog can rely on their experiences when considering a new dog, while this knowledge is unavailable to first time dog-owners. In this study, we explore how self-efficacy, social comparison, perceptions about the (dis)advantages of ownership and commitment to the dog (so-called social cognitive factors), problematic canine behaviors, perceived costs, and satisfaction with the dog change over time. We examine changes from the motivational phase of relationship development (before acquisition of the dog) into the experience phase (six and twelve months after acquisition of the dog). We explore if patterns are different in experienced (previous (n = 73) and current (n = 80)) versus unexperienced (first time (n = 30) dog owners. The respondents filled in three online questionnaires—once before and twice after acquisition of their dog. From T0 (before acquisition of the dog) to T1 (having the dog for six months) participants (especially those with no ownership experience) had to adjust their perceptions about dogs and dog ownership. Experiencing the relationship for an additional year (from T1 to T2) barely changed the social cognitive factors, satisfaction, and perceived costs. A small decline in problematic canine behaviors was present among the experienced dog owners between T1 and T2. To conclude, perceptions about dogs and dog ownership change over time, but after testing these perceptions with reality, they become stable after about six months.
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Lee, Pilwon. „Early Buddhist perspectives on social memorialization“. Journal of Meditation based Psychological Counseling 30 (31.12.2023): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/mpca.20230012.
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Social disasters are more than just accidents or technological disasters, they are defined as disasters stemming from a variety of causes that affect human life, property, and the stability of a country or society. These disasters can take many forms, including terrorism, crime, and violence, and have a profound impact on individuals and the public. How we respond after an event, especially how we treat victims, is crucial. In cases such as the 1989 Hillsborough stadium disaster in the United Kingdom and the 2022 Itaewon tragedy in South Korea, we see a lack of adequate and sufficient response, and the nature of the problem becomes an ideological conflict. This is the result of a misperception of reality and intentional distortion of the problem, which in turn leads to social conflict and increased costs. In Buddhism, these problems can be solved through compassion and right view. Resolution is about effectively healing the aftermath of a disaster and changing our consciousness to prevent it from happening again. When the social memorialization and healing of a disaster is done properly, our society can regain stability and the victims can return to their daily lives. In particular, we can effectively respond to social disasters through four immeasurable states of mind based on the Four Noble Truths.
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Latu, Maxim. „Mass Self-Isolation and the Imaginary World of the Future: Visions and Time Spans Reflected in Memes“. Balkanistic Forum 30, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 212–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i2.13.
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The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic as well as the restrictions and measures that were taken to fight it had a great effect on the society. Thus, a lot of memes were created the authors of which frequently related their visions and ideas about mass self-isolation to a particular time span within and after this period. This paper focuses on such polycode texts and considers the ideas and visions that are expressed in them. As the results of the research demonstrate, the image of the world during and after the mass self-isolation period depicted in memes is often opposed to the familiar reality people were accustomed to. The very first days, weeks and months of social isolation, the post-mass-self-isolation months that followed, years of the near and distant future were put into context. The authors mentioned the changes that they thought occurred or would occur in relation to the behaviour, habits, appearance and psychological state of a person, social interaction, etc., expressing concerns, mentioning problems and joking about them. Some of these visions were not far from the truth, while others were far from reality. Due to the exaggeration and hyperbolization of these ideas and metaphorical and figurative perception of the observed phenomena, an image of alternative conceivable reality and imaginary world was constructed, parts of which might be distorted or merely fictional. From the early days of mass self-isolation and after it, vaccines were considered to be a means of getting the world back to normal. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic as well as the restrictions and measures that were taken to fight it had a great effect on the society. Thus, a lot of memes were created the authors of which frequently related their visions and ideas about mass self-isolation to a particular time span within and after this period. This paper focuses on such polycode texts and considers the ideas and visions that are expressed in them. As the results of the research demonstrate, the image of the world during and after the mass self-isolation period depicted in memes is often opposed to the familiar reality people were accustomed to. The very first days, weeks and months of social isolation, the post-mass-self-isolation months that followed, years of the near and distant future were put into context. The authors mentioned the changes that they thought occurred or would occur in relation to the behaviour, habits, appearance and psychological state of a person, social interaction, etc., expressing concerns, mentioning problems and joking about them. Some of these visions were not far from the truth, while others were far from reality. Due to the exaggeration and hyperbolization of these ideas and metaphorical and figurative perception of the observed phenomena, an image of alternative conceivable reality and imaginary world was constructed, parts of which might be distorted or merely fictional. From the early days of mass self-isolation and after it, vaccines were considered to be a means of getting the world back to normal.
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Puschaev, Yuriy V. „Lukács and Dostoevsky: Reading Dostoevsky as a Milestone on the Road to Bolshevism“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 7 (2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-7-38-49.
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The article is devoted to the influence of the interpretation of the works of the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky on early Lukacs in the pre-revolutionary years. Reading Dostoevsky’s works played an important role in his transition to the position of Bolshevism. The early Lukacs emphasized that Dostoevsky instructed his atheist heroes to express their real position. Through the prism of these heroes, he interpreted the problem of revolutionary terrorism, drawing on the works of B. Savinkov. The early Lukacs also saw the greatness of Dostoevsky in the fact that he was the first in world literature to turn to the “reality of the soul”, began to describe it, while ordinary external life (social ties, social status, etc.), although generated by the soul, is secondary and insignificant. These ideas of the early Lukacs are a kind of precursor to his future Marxist ideas of reification and alienation. The early Lukacs vehemently denies inauthentic ordinary life, but this denial is still metaphysically existential. After his “leap” into a new faith, Lukacs interprets what he previously understood as “inauthentic life” through the prism of early Marx, dialectically and socially-historically, through the categories of “reification”, the socialist revolution, and the proletariat as a privileged subject-object of world history. For Lukacs, the Marxist, the true reality will no longer be the individual soul, but the social totality and practice. However, it is characteristic that Lukacs’ path to unconditional acceptance of the philosophy of Marxism and Bolshevism lay, among other things, through his fascination with the work of Dostoevsky
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Vasco Pinto, Neves, Pacheco Maria, Silva Gonçalve Maria Inês, Rodrigues Joao, Salvado Inês, Fidalgo Jessica und Carneiro Ventura Pedro Daniel. „Shy-Dragger Syndrome – An underdiagnosed sad reality?“ Global Journal of Rare Diseases 7, Nr. 1 (29.08.2022): 008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2640-7876.000033.
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Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) regards a group of neurodegenerative diseases sharing the same physiopathology. It is a rare group of diseases and often represents a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Mild symptoms are present at the onset of the disease and are often neglected by patients. The case report describes a 62-year-old female with multiple episodes of syncope with 3 months evolutions. Anamnesis revealed sleep apnoea and urinary incontinence. In order to perform complementary exams, the patient was admitted to the medical ward. Autoimunnity results were negative discarding this etiology; 24-hour arterial pressure monitoring revealed a severe fluctuation of tensional values capable of explaining syncope. Other exams revealed no pathological alterations responsible for the patient complaints. Multiple System Atrophy diagnosis was made after exclusion of other possible aetiological causes for the patient’s symptoms. More prevalent diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, atypical Parkinsonic syndromes, and pure autonomic failure, among others may replicate the same symptoms. Diagnosing the patient with Multiple System Atrophy represented a challenge because of its rarity and clinical complexity. Being a disease with poor outcomes and representing necessary lifestyle changes to the patients and family life, an early and exact diagnosis may provide time and more life quality, within the disease limitations. Internists are often presented with complex patients being obligated to gather all pieces, and put them together, so that de puzzle may be deciphered. Learning points - Multiple systems atrophy is a rare incapacitating disease and it is believed to be underdiagnosed; - Complex diseases often present mild nonlimiting symptoms that patients might tend to neglect.
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Alptekin, Koksal, Faik Kartelli, Markus Berger, Emine Ilgın Hoşgelen, Simay Erinç, Deniz Yerlikaya, Yağmur Özbek et al. „S111. A REAL ENVIRONMENT BASED VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATION TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA“. Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S76—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.177.
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Abstract Background Physical illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are much more common in patients with schizophrenia compared to general population. Besides the rate of schizophrenia patients benefiting from general health services have been quite low. These physical illnesses don’t only cause bad prognosis but also decrease the quality of life and increase the risk of early death. Many schizophrenia studies in recent years have found that patients with schizophrenia have died very early compared to normal population. The most important reasons of developing physical illnesses in schizophrenia are decrease in physical activity, nutrition problems, weight gain, smoking cigarettes, alcohol and substance abuse, unhealthy lifestyles. Emerging new technologies may lead to the discovery of new treatment techniques in psychiatric disorders and related problems. Virtual reality (VR) as one of these new technologies, is composed of imitated real environments on computers. Most of virtual reality environments are about visual experiences by means of computer screen. Virtual reality is used for presenting reality experience and it is a 3D computer program of existing or non-existing environments. Although virtual reality in treatment of schizophrenia is new to the science, it has promising results to improve positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Also, VR technology may be useful to improve psychosocial functioning among the patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of VR physical health program on physical health parameters such as nutrition, psychomotor activity, smoking cigarettes and lifestyle. Methods Patients who met DSM-V schizophrenia diagnostic criteria from Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Schizophrenia and Psychosis Outpatient Clinic were included into the study. In this study, a virtual reality laboratory has been established and physical health improvement program by using virtual reality technology with real life experiences has been developed for patients with schizophrenia. Results None of the patients reported motion sickness due to exposure to real environment during or after immersive process of VR. There were significant changes regarding the physical health parameters. Discussion VR physical health program may be useful to improve physical health-related problems such as obesity, psychomotor inactivity and smoking cigarettes.
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See, Zi Siang, Benjamin Matthews, Lizbeth Goodman, Donovan Jones, Craig Hight, Paul Egglestone, Manisha Amin und Wooi Har Ooi. „Extended reality interactive wall: User experience design research-creation“. Virtual Creativity 10, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/vcr_00030_1.
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This article presents the development of an extended reality (XR) interactive wall design that employs augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (AR) to display digital content in educational and exhibition settings. A wall design printed with a number of conventional graphical elements was enhanced with AR and VR, including AR-based video, a 360 virtual environment and 3D-scanned materials. The early design of the XR interactive wall was tested several times in a university setting during academic events designed to demonstrate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)-based content. This provided AR and VR experiences to participating visitors in an exhibition setting, where multimedia mobile devices were provided to aid these experiences. Inclusive design principles were employed, and elements integrated that allowed users (standing adults, children, wheelchair users) to view and interact with AR and VR content conveniently. After the initial introduction of the interactive wall design, the prototype was redesigned to fit both handheld and head-mount-device (HMD)-based mobile configurations. In this article we describe the prototype, a user experience study based on laboratory testing and directions for future work.
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Navarra-Ventura, Guillem, Gemma Gomà, Candelaria de Haro, Mercè Jodar, Leonardo Sarlabous, David Hernando, Raquel Bailón et al. „Virtual Reality-Based Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, Nr. 12 (29.11.2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121260.
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This study focuses on the application of a non-immersive virtual reality (VR)-based neurocognitive intervention in critically ill patients. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of direct outcome measures to detect the impact of this digital therapy on patients’ cognitive and emotional outcomes. Seventy-two mechanically ventilated adult patients were randomly assigned to the “treatment as usual” (TAU, n = 38) or the “early neurocognitive stimulation” (ENRIC, n = 34) groups. All patients received standard intensive care unit (ICU) care. Patients in the ENRIC group also received adjuvant neurocognitive stimulation during the ICU stay. Outcome measures were a full neuropsychological battery and two mental health questionnaires. A total of 42 patients (21 ENRIC) completed assessment one month after ICU discharge, and 24 (10 ENRIC) one year later. At one-month follow-up, ENRIC patients had better working memory scores (p = 0.009, d = 0.363) and showed up to 50% less non-specific anxiety (11.8% vs. 21.1%) and depression (5.9% vs. 10.5%) than TAU patients. A general linear model of repeated measures reported a main effect of group, but not of time or group–time interaction, on working memory, with ENRIC patients outperforming TAU patients (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.282). Our results suggest that non-immersive VR-based neurocognitive stimulation may help improve short-term working memory outcomes in survivors of critical illness. Moreover, this advantage could be maintained in the long term. An efficacy trial in a larger sample of participants is feasible and must be conducted.
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Likhachev, Vyacheslav. „The “Right Sector” and others: The behavior and role of radical nationalists in the Ukrainian political crisis of late 2013 — Early 2014“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2015): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.07.003.
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Civil protests of Ukrainian citizens during winter 2013–2014 were accompanied by an intense informational campaign, which had not always corresponded to the reality. In the course of this campaign, Maidan’s activists, the political opposition — and, correspondingly, the new government that was formed after the revolution ended in victory — were depicted as ultra-nationalistic, extremist, and xenophobic. Under these circumstances, it is extremely important for both Ukrainian citizens and foreign observers to understand the real role of national-radicals in the Maidan protests and the events that followed. What were the reasons for the Ukrainian people to begin the protests? Is it true that the “banderovtsy” made up the bulk of the protesters? Is the victory of the Maidan also the victory of the political ultra-right? Does the Ukrainian ultra-nationalism have a strong support in the society, according to the results of the elections? What kind of future does the far right have in the new Ukrainian political reality?
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Samerski, Stefan. „On the Canonization of the Founders of Religious Orders in Early Modern Times“. Journal of Early Modern Christianity 9, Nr. 2 (01.11.2022): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2022-2034.
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Abstract Neither before nor after the multiple canonization processes of 1622 have so many founders of religious orders been canonized at the same time. When examining in detail the historic processes of the founders, however, it is not generally possible to identify smooth and rapid procedures leading to their canonization. In the history of the Congregation of Rites, there were multiple hurdles and forms of resistance in the Congregation itself. The reason for the swift canonizations of 1622 was not in reality the founding of an order, but the ecclesiastical interests of the Pope and the Curia in highlighting the important protagonists of Catholic Reform. In addition, the new saints were associated with the struggle against heresies and the defence of the Apostolic See.
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Tully, R. E. „Forgotten Vintage“. Dialogue 27, Nr. 2 (1988): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001221730001979x.
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Anyone interested in the development of analytic philosophy will likely find Russell's Theory of Knowledge a work of great importance in itself; but anyone who, in addition, is fascinated by scholarly mystery and the psychology of philosophers will certainly regard its publication at last, nearly three-quarters of a century after Russell abandoned it unfinished—principally because of the young Wittgenstein's virulent criticisms—as an event nothing short of momentous. Theory of Knowledge may well have played as important a role in Wittgenstein's early work (from the Notebooks to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus) as the Tractatus itself did in his later writings—each representing for Wittgenstein an attitude, a philosophical method, and above all a theory of propositions, against which he was driven to react. But it would be a sad irony if renewed interest in Wittgenstein's early work were to eclipse all over again the very piece of writing which helped move him to creative rebellion. Unlike the two previous volumes in the Collected Papers (numbers 1 and 12), which broaden rather than deepen our knowledge of his philosophical growth, Theory of Knowledge deserves to become a standard text in Russell studies. It contains crucial material not found elsewhere in his writings and hence it fills a gap—ironically,, a gap Russell himself created—in what we know of his thought in the years immediately preceding the outbreak of World War I, when his career at Cambridge was at its apogee.
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Saur, Nicole, und E. Paulson. „Operative Management of Anastomotic Leaks after Colorectal Surgery“. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 32, Nr. 03 (02.04.2019): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677025.
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AbstractAnastomotic leak is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery. Although surgical techniques have improved over time, anastomotic leak is still a reality in colorectal surgery with rates ranging from as low as 1% for low-risk anastomoses, such as enteroenteric or ileocolic, to 19% for high-risk coloanal anastomoses. There are many varied risk factors for anastomotic leak. However, many of the risk factors have not been definitively proven in high-quality studies. Presumably, risk factors are cumulative and every effort should be made to optimize modifiable risk factors in the perioperative period. Treatment of anastomotic leak should start with the determination of patient stability followed by resuscitation and diagnostic imaging or operative exploration. Operative findings will dictate surgical approach with the goal of controlling sepsis and stabilizing the patient. If nonoperative treatment is undertaken, close patient monitoring is necessary to ensure control of sepsis and that intervention is undertaken if the clinical picture changes. Early intervention at each stage is key to decreasing the morbidity of anastomotic leak.