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Love, Velma. „Casting the Sacred Reading the Self“. Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 4, Nr. 2 (12.11.2010): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v4i2.217.
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"Casting the Sacred" examines the material culture and storied environment associated with African American engagements with the unwritten scriptures of the Yoruba Ifa tradition of West African origin, and offers a compelling case for expanding conventional notions of scriptures. This essay builds on the work of historians of religion who take a relational approach to the study of scriptures, placing the focus on the people and their engagement with sacred texts as cultural practice and system of meaning-making. Showcasing the diviner as the chief orchestrator of the storied environment, this work draws attention to the set of personal scriptures derived form Oracular utterances. It also notes the physicality of bodies, shells, divining chains, palm nuts, floor mats, and notebooks, all of which are significant aspects of "reading," a means of accessing and engaging a form of sacred knowledge which clients incorporate into their lives.
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Post, David. „Incidencia del trabajo infantil en el logro académico de alumnos de sexto grado: Hallazgos del TERCE“. education policy analysis archives 26 (25.06.2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.2988.
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Child labor negatively affects children’s learning and futures if it lowers their chance to acquire math and reading skills. However, work outside of school could also provide an alternative path to adult socialization and material welfare where schools do not provide such a path. In Latin America the possible development of skills from work is not only an academic question, but also a critical point bearing on policy, because many children and youth divide their time and energies between both schooling and work. This article contributes to the debate about the net impact on academic achievement among children who both work and study during sixth grade. The article reports analysis of data from the TERCE survey of students and families in fifteen Latin American countries. OLS regression estimations suggest there is no level of paid or unpaid out-of-school work that is not associated with lowered academic achievement. HLM estimates controlling for school quality also show a negative association between work and proficiency in math and reading.
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Vitek, Debra J., und Frederick M. Schwantes. „Automatic-Spreading Activation Effects following Children's Reading of Complete Sentences“. Journal of Reading Behavior 21, Nr. 2 (Juni 1989): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968909547669.
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Third-, sixth-, and college-grade level students participated in an on-line reading task that incorporated both a naming latency and a subsequent cued-recall memory requirement. Following reading of a complete sentence, latency for naming a target word was measured in which the target word was either (a) a repetition of a word in the previous sentence, (b) an associate of a word in the previous sentence, (c) inferable from the integrated meaning of words in the previous sentence, or (d) unrelated to words in the previous sentence. Increased speed was found for naming words presented in the repeated, associated, and inferred target conditions as compared to the unrelated word condition. In each case, the observed facilitation effect was of greater magnitude for the younger readers. In the cued-recall task, single-word cues resulted in better recall memory performance when the cue had been explicitly presented in a prior sentence as compared to cues which were only inferable from previously read material. Results were interpreted in terms of context effects which extend beyond sentence completion boundaries and in terms of developmental differences in automatic expectancy and semantic integration effects.
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Bal, V. Yu. „Audiobook, audio podcast, audio series – modern formats of the media space“. Bibliosphere, Nr. 1 (29.04.2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2020-1-56-63.
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The article discusses modern audioformats – audiobook, audio series and audio podcast. Now these formats have gained great popularity and demand, considerable market weight with their own segment, the growth of which experts note. The research material is audio products of the modern market, which reflect the trends in the development of audio literature in the current media environment. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the consideration of an audiobook, an audio series and an audio podcast in the context of a new stage in the development of audio culture. The problem of popularity of the studied audio products is considered in direct dependence on audio reading. It is understood as a modern modification of auditory reading, as a reader’s practice due to the qualitative changes in the material and technical base for creating audio records, for their copying and use. The analysis of audio formats in the informational, sociocultural and cognitive aspect of the modern media consumption allows the determination new editorial approaches to the work with audio texts. Conclusions are as follows: one can observe the tendency to transit from voicing printed texts to creating texts specially for voicing; there is a reduction in the novel form, stories become popular; the editing of audio books and audio series requires support from sound design principles; the editorial and director’s task on preparing podcasts is associated with the compositional alignment of several voices of storytellers, forming a single ideological and thematic field.
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Rus-Bryushinina, Ines Valentina, Elena Alexandrovna Beretskaya und Elena Vladimirovna Mileiko. „Problems of the Use of Artistic Literature as a Means of Forming the World Outlook of Russian and Foreign Students of a Technical University“. Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, Nr. 10 (30.10.2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.10.18.
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The problems associated with the use of fiction as a means of forming the worldview of students of a technical university are analyzed in this article. The place and role of fiction in the formation of the per-sonal value system are indicated, as well as the con-ditions for its use in work with Russian-speaking and foreign students are formulated. Based on the results of the study, the authors identify the prob-lems associated with the perception of this type of didactic material. They offer the most effective teaching technologies for the use of fiction in a technical university, indicate their advantages over other teaching aids and formulate specific recom-mendations for their use in the educational process. It is summarized that the low level of reading culture and the lack of formation of the skills of literary and artistic analysis of works among students of tech-nical universities reduce the level of assimilation of educational material, including causing difficulties in identifying axiologically significant information. Overcoming the emerging difficulties is facilitated by the use of multimedia presentations and tests, which make it possible to activate the educational and cognitive activity of students and create an emotional mood favorable for mastering the human-itarian content among students of technical univer-sities.
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Küchler, Susanne. „The liquidation of material things“. Archaeological Dialogues 3, Nr. 1 (Mai 1996): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000532.
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Thomas' paper and manuscript are ambitious. He aims at nothing less than opening up for discussion fundamental concepts which have informed archaeological writings to date. While in principal laudable and exciting, the chosen concepts – time, culture and identity – are broad, each one on its own of daunting complexity. The vastness of the project is handled by setting up an opposition at the outset between the Cartesian and modernist reading of these concepts adopted by archaeology and an anti-Cartesian and anti-modernist reading facilitated by Heidegger. At issue is less the validity of Heidegger's writings or their deployment in contemporary theory-making, a fact which the author is at pains to defend, though leaving the novice at pains guessing what his writings are actually about; at issue is whether the future of archaeology should rest on developing an anti-Cartesian theory in the first place. The mind/body dualism associated with Descartes has been the subject of much critical work, so much so that it seems at best unnecessary to have to revive Heidegger to give Cartesianism the final blow. One may further question the opposition itself; is it not Kant who is the foundation of post-Enlightenment thought, rather than Descartes, and would thus not his writings be the point of departure for any rethinking of theoretical assumptions that may have guided archaeological theory and practice? A third reservation may be voiced about the validity of the interpretative approach itself; it rests on the assumption, also known as the logocentric paradigm, which holds that a relation exists between an object or image and a narrative description of it which is ‘found’ outside the object and thus may vary according to the context in which the object is seen. The most serious criticism to this assumption is that it ignores the immediacy of understanding which allows images to play a fundamental role in social transmission. Thomas' use of Heidegger's notion of Being appears to strive towards precisely such an immediacy of understanding, yet fails to do so by leaving accounted for the materiality of images. In advocating the interpretative approach, Thomas sets out less a new direction for archaeological theory than captures post-modernist writing which dominated across disciplines for the past decade and left a whole generation of scholars trained during this period ill-equipped to deal with artefacts in more than an exemplary manner. In the late 90s, however, due to advances in cognitive psychology and our day to day experience with cyberspace, this neglect of the image, material and conceptual, and its role in transmission has become glaringly obvious and unacceptable. Critical in their inception, however, paper and manuscript are intently thought provoking, stimulating and timely in calling for a rethinking of archaeological theory to accommodate the contemporary perception of material things. In my discussion I aim to both paraphrase the main points of Thomas's paper and manuscript and to offer comments and questions.
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Kuchmurukova, Ekaterina A., Yuliya S. Rinchinova, Galina А. Shanginova und Irina A. Fokicheva. „Young Adults and Reading in the Focus of the Regional University of Culture“. Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, Nr. 5 (27.11.2019): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-5-543-552.
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The article considers the work of the Department of Library-Information Resources (LIR) of the East-Siberian State Institute of Culture (VSGIK), aimed at supporting the reading of young people. The purpose of this article is to reveal the experience of the Department of Library-Information Resources in the implementation framework of the project “Self-realization of young people in the journalistic creativity as the basis of psychological preventive health care”. The authors consider the stages of project implementation: conducting the contest of journalistic materials, publication of miscellany containing the best journalistic works of pupils of secondary schools, distribution of miscellany in school and university libraries of the Republic of Buryatia, implementation of different preventive events with VSGIK students and school pupils basing on the publication materials. The authors characterize the expert evaluation of competition works of pupils of senior school, based on the use of qualitative and quantitative criteria. The contest was held in two categories: “Best analytical materials” and “Best information materials”. The article describes the results of voting in the nomination “Popular vote Winner” in the social network “Vkontakte” on the VSGIK official web page. The authors describe the stage of work associated with publication of miscellany “On the threshold of adulthood: reflections of schoolchildren on literature, creativity and life”, which includes 28 competition works.The article highlights the most interesting works of senior school students, rich in reasoning, reflecting the emotional state of person, empathy for the main characters and clearly expressed life positions. The miscellany received feedback from library staff of the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Region, Trans-Baikal Region, which gave high assessment of the overall level of published materials and emphasized the wide readership of the publication. Based on the feedback of library specialists and school pupils, the article concludes about the main results of the project: there were created interesting creative works containing the authors’ arguments and reference to their own, though small life experience. Students revealed the role of book in their lives and disclosed how the book forms the personality of a person.The authors present the quantitative and qualitative indicators of project performance. Distribution of the miscellany in 368 school libraries of the Republic of Buryatia makes it possible to ensure its wide application in the educational process.
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Zarifian, Arman. „Mixture and Transformation in Aristotle’s De generatione et corruptione“. Peitho. Examina Antiqua 9, Nr. 1 (13.12.2018): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2018.1.4.
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In his works on natural sciences, primarily in the Physics, Aristotle focuses on different forms of metabolē and distinguishes movement in general from substantial change. The On generation and corruption deals with the latter. When reading this treatise, one should pay particular attention to the concept of mixture. Apart from being the subject of a specific chapter (I 10), the problem of mixture permeates the whole work. But what exactly is mixture? Is it a simple combination of small parts? Can a compound of water and wine be called mixture? If so, is this mixture and nothing more? In the course of the discussion, it is argued that the Aristotelian idea of mixis does not correspond to the concept that is usually associated with it. Rather, it is shown that mixis is fundamental for comprehending the physical world and constitutes not only the term per quem the first elements of all material bodies originate, but also plays a fundamental role in all natural sciences, particularly, in biology.
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Bird, Terri. „Registering Surfaces, Excavating Inheritances“. Deleuze Studies 10, Nr. 4 (November 2016): 546–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2016.0245.
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Through an examination of the geological, political, cultural, industrial and aesthetic aspects of work by Nicholas Mangan and Therese Keogh, this article argues for a reading of these artworks in relation to histories that are both human and nonhuman. In the case of Mangan's various artworks, exploring the mining of phosphate on Nauru, the dynamic encounter activates both the long history and material core connecting colonial legacies to contemporary political events. Works by Keogh and Mangan perform a geo-dermatology, taking up Deleuze's challenge for artists to be symptomologists in that they survey disfigurements, investigate lesions, analyse abrasions and their associated dynamics. In each case they draw on specific geological aspects of a region that connect its topography with historical and economic forces registered in subjective and social assemblages. These works connect multiple forces that make evident that the surface of the earth is not so much a limit as a membrane of exchanges. It is the capacity of this surface to register the passage of forces that these artworks call attention to, a confrontation of forces that the Anthropocene marks.
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Liu, Z. H., T. L. Friesen, J. B. Rasmussen, S. Ali, S. W. Meinhardt und J. D. Faris. „Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis and Mapping of Seedling Resistance to Stagonospora nodorum Leaf Blotch in Wheat“. Phytopathology® 94, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2004): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.10.1061.
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Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of the world. In related work, we identified a host-selective toxin (HST) produced by the S. nodorum isolate Sn2000 and determined the chromosomal location of the host gene (Snn1) conditioning sensitivity to the toxin using the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative mapping population and cytogenetic stocks. In this study, we used the same plant materials to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to fungal inoculations of Sn2000 and investigate the role of the toxin in causing disease. Disease reactions were scored at 5, 7, and 10 days postinoculation to evaluate changes in the degree of effectiveness of individual QTL. A major QTL was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1B, which coincided with the snn1 toxin-insensitivity gene. This locus explained 58% of the phenotypic variation for the 5-day reading but decreased to 27% for the 10-day reading, indicating that the toxin is most effective in the early stages of the interaction. In addition, relatively minor QTL were identified on chromosomes 3AS, 3DL, 4AL, 4BL, 5DL, 6AL, and 7BL, but not all minor QTL were significant for all readings and their effects varied. Multiple regression models explained from 68% of the phenotypic variation for the 5-day reading to 36% for the 10-day reading. The Chinese Spring nullisomic 1B tetrasomic 1D line and the Chinese Spring-Triticum dicoccoides disomic 1B chromosome substitution line, which were insensitive to SnTox1, were more resistant to the fungus than the rest of the nullisomictetrasomic and disomic chromosome substitution lines. Our results indicate that the toxin produced by isolate Sn2000 is a major virulence factor.
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Levine, Nick. „The nature of the glut“. History of the Human Sciences 30, Nr. 1 (Februar 2017): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116686016.
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Today, complaints about information overload – associated with an overwhelming deluge of data – are commonplace. Early modernists have reacted to these concerns by showing that similar ones have arisen before. While this perspective is useful, it leaves out what was novel about the concept of information overload, which relied on a historically specific model of the human being. I trace the term’s history back to 1960, when the American psychologist and systems theorist James Grier Miller published his article on ‘information input overload and psychopathology’. In Grier Miller’s usage, the idea of information overload signalled as much a reconceptualization of human beings as communication channels whose capacity could be overwhelmed as it did concerns about the volume of reading material to manage. Through his work, and the broader subsequent adoption of the term in academic and journalistic venues, I show how ‘information overload’ reflected intellectual and social trends specific to its time.
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Paterson, Adrian. „Adrian Paterson ‘Stitching and Unstitching’: Yeats material and immaterial“. Review of Irish Studies in Europe 2, Nr. 1 (19.03.2018): 149–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v2i1.1720.
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W.B. Yeats’s repeated employment of textiles in poetry and plays is various, self-conscious, and revealing. Modernist textile poems, whether by Eliot, Pound, or Stevens, have in common a predilection for talking about their own procedures: Yeats, in line with his philosophical affinities, often suggests that material, whether of tapestries, costumes, curtains, or veils might be lifted to reveal a life beyond. It is significant however that this material revelation of the immaterial tends to be allied with and sometimes triggered by sound: vocal sound and song in particular. The cultural and textual histories of this interest in art and work associated with women deserves further scrutiny. This paper addresses the ‘rhapsodic’ character of the ‘stitching and unstitching’ of ‘Adam’s Curse’, and the interweaving of ‘A Coat’ with Ezra Pound’s blasting tribute to verse-speakers ‘Come My Cantilations’, as well attempting to unpick the involved theology and symbolism of silk, cotton, and damask in later dense poems such as ‘Symbols’, ‘Fragments’, and ‘Wisdom’. In adopting sound as the essential material of poetry, these poems’ co-opting of textile-making as a central allegory for poetry’s making calls upon the collaborations of women, uncovering an important history of textile making through the embroideries of May Morris, the costumes of Charles Ricketts, and the all-female work of Yeats’s sisters Elizabeth and Lily and their apprentices at Dun Emer, later Cuala Industries. As in ‘Cuchulain Comforted’, such revivals of handcraft over manufacture might restore (in song) a communal aspect to making not readily associated with Yeats’s later aesthetics: crucially, even this most posthumous poem is not only concerned with the world beyond, but invested in the labour and economic exchanges of this one.
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Marshall, Ashley N., und Kenneth C. Lam. „READABILITY OF THE DISABLEMENT OF THE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE (DPA) SCALE IN PEDIATRIC ATHLETES“. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, Nr. 3_suppl (01.03.2019): 2325967119S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00108.
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Background: The assessment of patient outcomes in pediatric (ie, youth and adolescent) athletes is critical for comprehensive and whole person healthcare. The Disablement of the Physically Active scale (DPA) is a relatively new generic patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that was designed specifically for athletic and highly functional patient populations. While the DPA has been used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults, little is known about its use in pediatric athletes. The selection of PROMs for pediatric athletes presents with unique challenges, particularly regarding the ability of these athletes to effectively understand the instruments to which they are completing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the readability of the DPA in pediatric athletes through (1) participant-based and (2) computer-based analyses. Methods: Participant-based analysis was utilized to conduct a preliminary investigation into the subjective readability (ie, a participant’s perceived ability to successfully read the material) of the DPA. Participants were youth athletes (n=13, age=8.7±1.3 years) recruited from a local community athletics league. An investigator administered the San Diego Quick Assessment of Reading Ability to determine each participant’s current reading grade level. Participants were then instructed to read each item of the DPA and circle any words that they did not understand. Frequency counts and percentages were determined for each word identified by participants, within each item of the DPA. Computer-based analysis was utilized to assess the objective readability of the DPA. The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level (FK), and Gunning Fog Index (FOG) scores were calculated for each item of the DPA. FRE scores range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating more difficult reading material. The FRE score is converted to an approximate reading level (FK), ranging from pre-primer (<0) to college (>12), with higher reading level indicating more difficult reading material. Similar to the FK formula, the FOG formula computes to an approximate reading grade level associated with the U.S. education system. Summary statistics (mean± standard deviation, median, and range) were used to report scores for each DPA item. We also reported the number (%) of items that exceeded the 5th – 6th grade reading level, which is the maximum recommended threshold for pediatric patients. Results: It was determined that the average reading grade level of the participants was 3±1.4 years. In regards to subjective readability, participants did not understand an average of 22.1% (48.3/219 words) of the entire DPA scale, with a range across items of 3.1% (Pain = 0.15/5 words) to 34.9% (Overall Fitness = 5.2/15 words). There were 40 instances where greater than 50% of the participants did not recognize a word, and seven words throughout the scale that 100% (13/13) of the participants did not understand: endurance, stability, pivoting, coordination, cardiovascular, endurance and colleagues. For objective readability, FRE scores ranged from 5.8 (very confusing) to 119.7 (very easy) across items. The mean and median across all items was 42.4±33.4 (difficult), and 41.4 (difficult), respectively. The FK reading level ranged from -2.8 (pre-primer) to 13.8 (college), with a mean score of 8.8±4.8 and median score of 8.9. The FOG reading level ranged from 1 (1st grade) to 13.8 (college), with a mean score of 9.3±3.8 and median score of 10.5. When considering both the FK and FOG scores, 81.8% (9/11) of the items exceeded the 5th – 6th grade reading level threshold. Conclusions/Significance: These findings indicate that the overall readability of the DPA may not be appropriate for pediatric athletes. Thus, findings using the DPA in pediatric athletes for clinical or research purposes should be interpreted with caution. Future research is warranted to develop a pediatric version of the DPA, utilizing the results of this study for guidance, as no other generic PROM currently exist for assessing HRQOL specifically in youth and adolescent athletes.
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JOHNS, L. C., S. ROSSELL, C. FRITH, F. AHMAD, D. HEMSLEY, E. KUIPERS und P. K. McGUIRE. „Verbal self-monitoring and auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia“. Psychological Medicine 31, Nr. 4 (Mai 2001): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003774.
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Background. Contemporary cognitive models of auditory verbal hallucinations propose that they arise through defective self-monitoring. We used a paradigm that engages verbal self-monitoring to investigate this theory in patients with schizophrenia.Methods. Ten patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and delusions (hallucinators), eight patients with delusions but no hallucinations (non-hallucinators), and 20 non-psychiatric control subjects were tested. Participants read single adjectives aloud, under the following randomized conditions: reading aloud; reading aloud with acoustic distortion of their own voice; reading aloud with alien feedback (someone else's voice); and reading aloud with distorted alien feedback. Immediately after articulating each word, participants identified the source of the speech they heard (‘self’/‘other’/‘unsure’), via a button press. Response choice and reaction time were recorded.Results. When reading aloud with distorted feedback of their own voice, patients in both groups made more errors than controls; they either misidentified its source or were unsure. Hallucinators were particularly prone to misattributing their distorted voice to someone else, and were more likely to make errors when the words presented were derogatory. Both patient groups made faster decisions than controls about the source of distorted or alien speech, but faster responses were only associated with errors in the former condition.Conclusions. Impaired verbal self-monitoring was evident in both hallucinators and non-hallucinators. As both groups had delusions, the results suggest an association between delusions and impaired judgements about ambiguous sensory stimuli. The specific tendency of hallucinators to misattribute their distorted voice to someone else may reflect impaired awareness of internally generated verbal material.
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Fennetaux, Ariane. „‘Indian Gowns Small and Great’: Chintz Banyans Ready Made in the Coromandel, c. 1680–c. 1780“. Costume 55, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2021.0182.
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The article focuses on the close study of a group of eighteenth-century chintz nightgowns that were ready-made or partly ready-made in India for the European market. Whereas nightgowns are usually associated with the taste for the exotic and the spread of the fashion is sometimes linked to the availability of the garment on the ready-made market, the production of ready-made gowns in India and the methods put in place to manufacture these commodities have not been studied. Based on a close reading of surviving chintz nightgowns, the article attempts to understand production techniques put in place by Indian craftsmen to meet European demand. Material evidence suggests streamlined production processes were in place in India from the end of the seventeenth century that had no real equivalent in Europe. The article thus sheds further light on the idea of Europe's ‘Indian apprenticeship’, showing that Indian mastery of colour was coupled with production methods combining artisanal, non-mechanized work with a level of bulk production and enhanced efficiency.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., Natalia K. Barsukova und Sergey V. Sankov. „Comprehensive approach to the hygienic rating of the use of electronic means for education in children“. Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-3-139-149.
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Introduction. The implementation of the federal project “Digital School” provides for the creation of a secure digital educational environment. There are needed hygienic standards for the use of electronic educational facilities in schools. The purpose of the study: Justification of approaches, methods, and indices of the hygienic rating of electronic means for education for children and adolescents. Material and methods. A nonrandomized controlled study was performed using a natural hygienic experiment. Analyzed materials included the results of surveys of children, data on the physical parameters of the educational environment, the font design of electronic textbooks, the psychophysiological state of adolescents when reading texts from screens of electronic educational tools. Results. The behavior of high school students in a digital school is associated with a whole complex of health risk factors, which significantly change the lifestyle of adolescents. Peculiarities of the impact of the font design on the functional state, cognitive functions, and well-being of students depending on the level of education and the type of electronic device are revealed. Signs of fatigue for students in grades 5-9 were observed when reading at a time texts in 12-point font with a volume of 400 characters, at 10 points in a volume of 200 characters and all texts with a capacity of 600 characters; in high school students - when reading text in a font of 10 points with a volume of 600 characters. A more favorable effect of the visual work of students on a tablet compared to a laptop has been established. The hygienic requirements for the font design of electronic textbooks for grades 5-11 are justified. Conclusion. Hygienic regulation of the use of electronic educational tools should be based on an integrated approach, including the assessment of behavioral risk factors for children’s health in the context of digitalization of their livelihoods and the prevalence of electronic teaching aids, the examination of the effects of electromagnetic radiation in a digital environment, the use of font typography, as well as indicators of psycho-functional state Learning when working with electronic learning tools.
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Sori, Seboka Abebe, Kedir Teji Roba, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta, Hirut Dinku Jiru, Keyredin Nuriye Metebo, Haregwa Asnake Weldekidan und Lemma Demissie Regassa. „Knowledge of preconception care and associated factors among maternal health care providers working in urban public health institutions of Eastern Ethiopia“. Women's Health 17 (Januar 2021): 174550652110461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211046139.
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Background: Provision of preconception care is significantly affected by the health care provider’s knowledge of preconception care. In Ethiopia, preconception care is rare, if even available, as part of maternal health care services. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of preconception care and associated factors among health care providers working in public health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 1 April 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 415 maternal health care providers. We utilized a structured, pretested, and self-administered questionnaire to collect data. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and exported to STATA (version 16) for analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. All covariates with a p value ⩽0.20 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to control the confounding variables; variables with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 410 respondents, 247 (60.2%; 95% confidence interval: 55.4–65.1) had good knowledge of preconception care. Having an educational level of Bachelor of Science degree and above (adjusted odds ratio: 6.97, 95% confidence interval: 3.85–12.60), 5 or more years work experience (adjusted odds ratio: 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–4.49), working in a hospital (adjusted odds ratio: 2.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–4.99), reading preconception care guidelines (adjusted odds ratio: 3.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–6.68), and training on preconception (adjusted odds ratio: 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–6.15) were significantly associated with good knowledge of preconception care. Conclusions and Recommendations: Three out of five maternal health care providers in this study had good knowledge of preconception care. Facilitating continuous refreshment training and continuous professional development for health workers, preparing comprehensive preconception care guidelines for health institutions, and reading preconception care guidelines were highly recommended.
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Rigney, D. A., und J. E. Hammerberg. „Unlubricated Sliding Behavior of Metals“. MRS Bulletin 23, Nr. 6 (Juni 1998): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400030608.
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Scientists and engineers still debate the relative contributions of roughness and interlocking of asperities, adhesion and interatomic forces, and elastic and plastic deformation in friction phenomena. However a central point of agreement does exist: Friction involves energy dissipation, or the conversion of mechanical work into heat. Therefore any mechanism that allows for this energy dissipation during sliding interactions of materials deserves consideration, whether it occurs strictly at the nominal sliding interface or within material at some distance from that interface.If the interactions are limited to atomic distances, it is entirely appropriate to focus attention on atoms at the two surfaces (see the articles by M.O. Robbins and J. Krim and J.A. Harrison and S.S. Perry in this issue). Friction is then a surface phenomenon. However if the sliding conditions lead to extensive plastic deformation of either material—over distances readily detectable by eye or by optical microscopy—then the associated energy dissipation is likely to account for most of the frictional losses. In such cases, friction involves more than processes occurring at the surface.
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Kharlie, Ahmad Tholabi. „Literatur Pembelajaran Fiqh di Pondok Pesantren Propinsi Banten“. TAJDID 26, Nr. 1 (15.05.2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v26i1.320.
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The tradition of yellow books is commonly associated with the pesantren tradition. It may become a differentiating factor when compared to other institutions. In the beginning of its emergence, learning process in pesantrens is usually limited to the materials of reading Qur’an (qirâ’ah al-Qur’ân) and worship law (fiqh ibadah). Nevertheless, due to the vast number of books penetrating to Banten, particularly initiated by Syeikh Nawawi al-Bantani, the study of Islamic law became more popular among scholars. As a result, there are many methods applied in learning process for yellow books. Furthermore, the discrepancy of education methods in pesantrens: traditional (salafi) and modern (khalafi), may lead to the emergence of the different uses of literature and methods. In salafi pesantrens, bandongan or sorogan method is mainly employed to read the conventional books, such as Fath al-Qarib, Fath al-Wahhab and Mahalli. On the other hand, khalafi pesantrens tend to develop Arabic as well as English skills as their assets to continue their study to upper education grades. In addition, salafi pesantrens mostly emphasize to study various normative books, such as Syafi’i’s work whereas khalafi pesantrens tend to be liberal and flexible, by reading Bidayah al- Mujtahid and Fiqh al-Sunnah.
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Шишлянникова, Нина Петровна. „ARTISTIC-IMAGE APPROACH TO TEACHING SOUNDS AND LETTERS TO FIRST-GRADERS“. Pedagogical Review, Nr. 5(33) (26.10.2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-5-9-15.
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Обозначена проблема формирования первоначальных навыков чтения и письма в период обучения грамоте первоклассников, связанная с несоответствием методики преподавания, основанной на принципе механического копирования действий учителя, преобладании звукобуквенного анализа над всеми остальными видами и приемами работы, что не соответствует функциональным особенностям и возрастным возможностям детей. Предлагается апробированная в практике технология интегрированного преподавания в обучении первоклассников звукам и буквам на основе разумного сочетания логико-понятийных методов организации изучения учебного материала в сочетании с художественно-образными методами, свойственными педагогике искусства (стимулирование эмоционального отклика, включение в работу всех анализаторных систем: слуховой, речедвигательной, двигательной, зрительной), предложены творческие художественно-образные задания с примерами их воплощения в практике преподавания уроков обучения грамоте. Благодаря опоре на принцип интеграции и применению художественно-образных приемов организации познания уже к концу первого года обучения у большинства первоклассников отмечается интерес к чтению, речевая активность, самостоятельность в суждениях, высказывания осмысленными словами, идущими от себя, потребность высказаться даже тогда, когда не задают вопросов, хорошо развитое воображение как основа творчества. The article marked the problem of formation of initial reading and writing skills during the period of literacy training for first-graders, associated with the inconsistency of teaching methods based on the principle of mechanical copying of the teacher’s actions, prevailing sound and letter analyses over the other ways and methods of the work, which does not correspond to the functional. The author of the article proposed the technology of integrated teaching, tested in practice, in teaching first-graders to sounds and letters based on a reasonable combination of logical and conceptual methods of organizing the study of educational material in combination with artistic and figurative methods inherent in art pedagogy (stimulating emotional response, including in the work all the analyzing systems: auditory, speech-motor, motor, visual), creative art-figurative tasks are proposed with examples of their implementation in the practice of teaching literacy. Thanks to the reliance on the principle of integration and the use of artistic-figurative methods of organizing cognition, by the end of the first year of study, most first-graders show an interest in reading, speech activity, independence in judgments, statements with meaningful words coming from themselves, the need to express themselves even when they are not asked questions, welldeveloped imagination as the basis of creativity.
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Anikin, Sergei Aleksandrovich. „Role of the method of divination in hermeneutics of F. Schleiermacher“. Философская мысль, Nr. 7 (Juli 2020): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.7.33120.
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This article examines the method of divination proposed by Friedrich Schleiermacher as one of the key means of interpretation. In literature dedicated to the philosophical views of Schleiermacher, this method is often associated with the intuitive grasp or empathy. However, Schleiermacher himself associated it primarily with creativity and ability of imagination. In order to clarify the meaning of the concept divination and a method related thereto, it is necessary to refer to a course of lectures of the philosopher devoted to dialectics. These lectures describe the method of divination as the main tool of cognizing surrounding reality, which establishes the link between dialectics and hermeneutics and allows reading Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics as hermeneutics of being. In the course of this research, the author made an attempt of original interpretation of Schleiermacher’s texts leaning on the development of modern Western scholars, whose works did not receive due attention within the Russian academic community. The result of this work lies in the restored and structured philosophical concept of Friedrich Schleiermacher, which centers on the method of divination. The obtained materials can be applied in the area of historical-philosophical study of the thoughts and ideas of German romantic philosophy of the XIX century. The examined in the article philosophical ideas of F. Schleiermacher allow getting a new perspective upon the problems of language, dialogue, understanding and interpretation.
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Anwar, Zul, Hastuti Diah Ikawati und Syarifah Syarifah. „Mentoring Sebagai Suatu Inovasi dalam Peningkatan Kinerja“. Journal of Education and Instruction (JOEAI) 1, Nr. 1 (09.06.2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joeai.v1i1.209.
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Mentoring is a strategy to improve work performance within an organization. This type of research is literature research. Technique of collecting data is done by documentation method that is reading every information that there is relation with study. The data collected from reading results is then analyzed by selecting the appropriate materials or still related to the study. Based on the results of data analysis then synthesized and concluded to be a conclusion of the topic under study. The result of the mentoring process is intentional, does not happen by chance. The key to ensuring the desired outcomes and the sustainability of the mentoring process is to use all the best practices of human performance technology in the needs assessment, planning, design, implementation, and evaluation phase. Mentoring must be closely linked to the organization's mission, objectives, and strategy priorities. Only an integrated quality, capable of facilitating the process associated with current and future missions that can be expected to deal with exposure to the winds of change. The rapidly changing environment demands multi-skilled, flexible workers, and the level of mastery of core competencies. A mentoring process is important to facilitate the improvement of human performance. With the important assumption that individual behavior (mantees and mentors) can be changed as it is aware of each individual is obliged to continuously learn (long life learner).
Keywords: Mentoring, Performance Improvement, Innovation
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Quinn, Marie. „SFL in Solomon Islands: A Framework for Improving Literacy Practices in Primary School“. Íkala 26, Nr. 1 (28.01.2021): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v26n01a05.
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Assessing and reforming classroom literacy has become a preoccupation of nations worldwide, not the least in the Pacific where countries are often working toward literacy in English within multilingual contexts. In Solomon Islands, in 2013, the poor results in regional and local literacy testing precipitated a review of how the English language was taught in primary schools across this multilingual nation. In the subsequent reform of classroom literacy materials and associated training for teachers, a principled approach was taken using a Systemic Functional Linguistics framework. Such an approach uses a model of language instruction based on language strata together with explicit teaching within a learning cycle to support reading and writing. This article describes how such principles from sfl were embedded into new teaching materials for the early years of primary school and the accompanying training for teachers and principals that took place from 2014–2016. The work offers a potential model of reform for other settings where the development of literacy in a non-community language is critical to students’ success in schooling.
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Belletti, Thais De Freitas Mondini. „THE BRAZILIAN ‘JEITINHO’ IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING OF PORTUGUESE FOR FOREIGNERS: BEYOND THE COMMON PLACE“. Diacrítica 32, Nr. 2 (03.07.2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.448.
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The concept of ‘jeitinho’ is present in a series of discourses that express a set of values that Brazilians perceive as their own. Thus, a foreigner in the process of learning Portuguese FL/2L will eventually come into contact with this style of Brazilian social practice. The concept of ‘jeitinho’, however, shows different forms of representation in discourse. Our aim with this work is to approach such concept from a more accurate analysis that moves away from a simplistic discourse, which associates the jeitinho to the image of a Brazilian who seeks to take advantage of everything. In this process, we reviewed the literature that approaches this concept based on analyzes from the Social Sciences, with emphasis on the studies of Barbosa (2006) and Borges (2006). As a possible material to be inserted in a context of teaching Portuguese for foreigners, we chose the reading and analysis of the Brazilian literary chronicle “Dar um jeitinho”. The analysis of chronicles was carried out from the perspective of discursive semiotics, aiming to search for meanings that are related to the concept of jeitinho.
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Karpf, Juanita. „The Vocal Teacher of Ten Thousand: E. Azalia Hackley as Community Music Educator, 1910–22“. Journal of Research in Music Education 47, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1999): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345487.
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Known as “the vocal teacher often thousand, ”Emma Azalia Hackley (1867-1922) dedicated much of her career to the promotion of music activities in black communities. She organized dozens of community gatherings at which she taught music reading fundamentals, techniques of singing, and appreciation of the classics to huge groups of amateur musicians and the general public. This essay introduces aspects of the late nineteenth-century musical landscape in the United States that preceded Hackley's entry into music education, and recounts her career as a community music educator. The article concludes with the identification of more recent manifestations of the philosophical underpinnings that informed her teaching, thereby establishing connections between her work and contemporary educational thought. Hackley's own writings serve as the primary source material for this discussion whenever possible, supplemented by first-hand accounts of her activities that appeared in the black press and those written by her associates. Her accomplishments add an important chapter to the history of community music education which has thus far received little scholarly attention.
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Zhatkin, D. N., und A. A. Ryabova. „Early Russian Reception of James Hogg (1830s)“. Nauchnyi dialog 1, Nr. 10 (31.10.2020): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-255-267.
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The early Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), known in his homeland as an interpreter of folk ballads and the author of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” (1824) — a complex work, which laid the foundation for the theme of multiple personality disorder in English literature is comprehended in the article for the first time. It has been suggested that the first Russian to hear about Hogg and his works was A. I. Turgenev, who visited W. Scott in Abbotsford in August 1828. The materials of the Russian periodicals of the 1830s (“Library for reading”, “Northern Bee”, “Telescope”, “Moscow Observer”), which reported facts about the life and work of Hogg, were comprehended. It is noted that the authors of a number of articles (most of them published without a signature and under kryptonyms) were significant critics and publicists of the era — O. I. Senkovsky, N. A. Polevoy, N. I. Nadezhdin. It was established that in the 1830s, fragments from Hogg’s memoir about the life of W. Scott in Abbotsford “The Domestic Manners and Private Life of Sir Walter Scott” (1834), as well as a fragment from the book “Noctes Ambrosianae” (1802—1835), attributed to Hogg, but in reality a collective work of J. Wilson, J. G. Lockhart, Hogg and W. Maginn were translated into Russian. The analysis of publications about Hogg in periodicals and in the fourteenth volume of the Encyclopedic Lexicon (1838) revealed inaccuracies in the presentation of biographical facts, the tendency of Russian publicists to uncritically perceive the subjective assessments of the Hogg-memoirist, largely due to his desire to emphasize his own literary significance. It is noted that, introducing Hogg as a follower of Burns and a friend of Scott, the authors of articles in Russian periodicals did not pay due attention to Hogg’s creative individuality, the originality of his creative heritage, as a result of which the late period of his literary biography (late 1810s — mid-1830s), associated with the creation of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” and a number of other significant works, remained unnoticed against the background of early works associated with reliance on folk songs.
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Hj. Fatmawati und Nurlina. „KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA SKIZOFRENIA PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI POLIKLINIK JIWA RSUD H. ANDI SULTHAN DG. RADJA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA“. Jurnal Kesehatan Panrita Husada 3, Nr. 1 (04.08.2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37362/jkph.v3i1.10.
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Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects more than 21 million people worldwide. According to (Ministry of Health, 2013) the prevalence of severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, is 1.7 per 1000 residents or around 400,000 people. Schizophrenia is caused by multifactorial factors that are related to each other. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors associated with the incidence of mental disorders in H.AUD Hospital. Sulthan with Radja Bulukumba in 2018. This study uses Cross sectional design with a population of 554 people and a sample of 84 people. The sample used in this study is non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Based on statistical analysis using frequency distribution data The results of this study are based on the age of Schizophrenia sufferers more in adulthood, the sex of Schizophrenic patients is obtained by men as many as 40 people (50%), and women as many as 40 respondents (50%), Job Schizophrenia sufferers are more unemployed (82.5%) and those who work are 17.5%, the education level of Schizophrenics is higher in high school education (33.8%) and junior and PT education is equal to 13, 8%, The marital status of schizophrenics sufferers with mental disorders is more with marital status (61%), there are more conflicts in families with schizophrenia who do not have a family conflict (85%). Farewell events of Schizophrenia sufferers more than no parents (85%), Socio-economic status of schizophrenics in economic status less than 66 people (82.5%, Parenting schizophrenic parents democratic parenting 75 people or 93.8 %. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as scientific reading material in the library and can also be used as reference material that examines similar problems.
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Keefe, Simon P. „“No kind of reading is so generally interesting as biography”: Establishing Narratives for Haydn and Mozart in the Second and Third Decades of the Nineteenth Century“. 19th-Century Music 44, Nr. 2 (2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2020.44.2.67.
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Very little critical attention has been directed toward biographical writings on Haydn and Mozart in the second and third decades of the nineteenth century, following the first wave of work by Friedrich Schlichtegroll and Franz Niemetschek (for Mozart, 1793, 1798) and Georg August Griesinger and Albert Dies (for Haydn, 1809, 1810). Examining varied biographically oriented materials in books, short profiles, anecdotes, and fiction, this article establishes contrasting narratives for the two composers during this period: Mozart was regarded as thoroughly immersed in music from beginning to end, born into it as an infant prodigy and dying in the act of writing it for the Requiem, encapsulating a unified life and oeuvre; and Haydn embraced a rags-to-riches, triumph-over-adversity story—poor at birth and in his youth but eventually feted as one of Western music's greatest figures—with full-fledged life-work alignment at death potentially compromised by a perceived decline in compositional powers toward the end. The article also traces influences of one narrative on the other, especially Mozart's on Haydn, including through accounts of Haydn's Creation and death. By explaining the diverging and converging narratives associated with Haydn and Mozart, I identify the second and third decades of the nineteenth century not as a protracted biographical cold spot but rather as a springboard and inspiration for future scholarly endeavor, including the serious, extended studies of Georg von Nissen, Alexandre Oulibicheff, and Otto Jahn (1828, 1843, and 1856 respectively).
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Andersen, Lene Vinther. „Voksende Samlinger. Om at skabe, arkivere og forske i folkloristiske optegnelser“. Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 58 (09.03.2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v58i0.125302.
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Lene Vinther Andersen: Growing Collections: Recording, Archiving and Researching early Danish Folklore
The article gives an introduction to the original main collection of the Danish Folklore Archives, entitled Voksende Samlinger (Growing Collections). Growing Collections is an abundant collection of records on folklore and immaterial culture with a focus on the 19th century. Yet the material can appear complicated to understand, fragmented and difficult to use for archive users who are not already familiar with the field and its history. The article examines the cataloguing principles and working methods of the Growing Collections, as well as the visions and ideas on which they are based. It is the ambition of the article to give readers insights into the possibilities and limitations of the Growing Collections, and to encourage readers to use the collection for their own research. A review of the cataloguing structure of the Growing Collections reveals that the records are systematically divided into a number of subject categories following a system devised by Svend Grundtvig in 1861. This systematization is associated with a fundamental conception of folklore as being a source to access a distant past. A close reading of the instructions and articles intended for potential folklore collectors gives an idea of how the researchers of the archives tried to control the form and content of the records created for the archives. Their goal was to collect, cleanse, split up and archive folklore records in the collections, which the researchers would later process and return to the general public as a large number of source publications that generally matched the subject categories of the archives. The publications turned out to be more demanding than first assumed, and the work was not achieved to the extent foreseen. Yet the Danish Folklore Archives continued to create archive material based on the aforementioned working methods and ideals up to around 1960, and the result was a well-ordered collection of folklore records with detailed metadata and an extensive catalogue. It is also a collection characterised by a radical splitting-up of material, and a focus on subjects that interested the researchers at the time. In view of the history of the Growing Collections and its underlying philosophy, it will, however, be possible to locate material that is of relevance to contemporary research interests, and the use of consistent metadata makes it possible to cross-reference both the material in the Growing Collections and in other archives. The article concludes with some specific proposals for the use of the material in cultural history research, as well as some reservations with regard to methodology that might be considered.
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Gheju, Marius, und Ionel Balcu. „Sequential Abatement of FeII and CrVI Water Pollution by Use of Walnut Shell-Based Adsorbents“. Processes 9, Nr. 2 (25.01.2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020218.
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In this study walnut shells, an inexpensive and readily available waste, were used as carbonaceous precursor for preparation of an innovative adsorbent (walnut-shell powder (WSP)) which was successfully tested for the removal of FeII from synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD). Then, the exhausted iron-contaminated adsorbent (WSP-FeII) was recovered and treated with sodium borohydride for the reduction of adsorbed FeII to Fe0. The resulting material (WSP-Fe0) was subsequently tested for the removal of CrVI from aqueous solutions. Treatability batch experiments were employed for both FeII and CrVI-contaminated solutions, and the influence of some important experimental parameters was studied. In addition, the experimental data was interpreted by applying three kinetic models and the mechanism of heavy metal removal was discussed. The overall data presented in this study indicated that fresh WSP and WSP-Fe0 can be considered as promising materials for the removal of FeII and CrVI, respectively. Furthermore, the present work clearly showed that water treatment residuals may be converted in upgraded materials, which can be successfully applied in subsequent water treatment processes. This is an example of sustainable and environmentally-friendly solution that may reduce the adverse effects associated with wastes and delay expensive disposal methods such as landfilling or incineration.
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Langlands, Rebecca. „Latin Literature“. Greece and Rome 60, Nr. 2 (16.09.2013): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383513000132.
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Among this latest batch of books to review are a number whose endeavour, very much to my own taste, is intellectual and cultural history through the study of Latin literature. Cream of the crop is Craig Williams’ study of Roman friendship. Admirers of Williams’ excellent Roman Homosexuality, recently reissued in second edition, will recognize the approach; this is a theoretically informed and meticulously argued work of cultural history that also shows fine appreciation of philological, linguistic, and literary issues. In Chapter 1 (Men and Women), Williams has a simple and compelling point to make: basing their idealization of friendship on our male-authored ancient literary texts (Cicero's De amicitia, Seneca's Letters), the great thinkers of Western civilization have asserted that ideal friendship is a man's game, and even that women are by and large incapable of real friendship, at the very least being excluded from the most interesting parts of friendship's history. As Williams shows, the epigraphic evidence tells a different story; here we can gain a new appreciation of friendships between women, and indeed between men and women. In its divergence from the well-trodden literary tradition, the epigraphic material opens up new ways of understanding the ancient world, but it can also be used to bring a fresh perspective to familiar literary texts, especially when one is as open-minded and attentive to linguistic nuance as Williams. Chapter 2 explores some of the key conceptual issues and themes related to the (vexed) distinction between amor and amicitia, and then in Chapter 3 Williams turns to the close reading of particular Latin texts, bringing his new interpretative framework to Catullus, Horace, Virgil, and Propertius, Petronius’ Satyricon, and the letters of Cicero and of Fronto. The fourth and final chapter, ‘Friendship and the Grave’, turns again to the epigraphic evidence, and funerary inscriptions in particular, where friends are shown to play an important role in the commemoration of the dead, usually associated in the Western tradition with close family. Williams’ work showcases Classics as a vitally and productively interdisciplinary academic subject, where significant new readings can be achieved with the right methodologies and approach. He has some big claims to make about Roman society, of which ancient historians will certainly want to take note, but his fresh analysis of familiar literary texts is also highly illuminating and the book has many smaller-scale insights to offer as well.
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Richardson, Alan, Kathryn A. Coventry, Alan M. Forster und Chris Jamison. „Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation“. Structural Survey 32, Nr. 3 (08.07.2014): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-07-2013-0028.
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Purpose – Deterioration in natural stone is associated with many decay mechanisms and often the inherent composition of the materials themselves. Sandstone varies considerably but they all require a cementing matrix to bind amongst others, the silica (SiO2) particles together (Reading, 1989). In calcareous sandstones and limestones this binding matrix is principally calcium carbonate based (Muir, 2006; Reading, 1989; McMillan et al., 1999) in the form of calcite (CaCO3). Friable sandstone substrates and stones suffering from “surface dissolution” or disaggregation (Muir, 2006; Smith et al., 1992) have been traditionally consolidated utilising a host of chemical compounds that had, in many cases negative effects on their long-term performance (Muir, 2006). A principle issue amongst many was moisture entrapment and irreversibility of the consolidants adopted. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the effect of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as a natural treatment for the conservation of historic natural stone substrates. Sporosarcina pasteurii has been proven as a bacterium that can perform MICP effectively in extreme conditions making it the preferred bacterium for the MICP process within this study. Surface treatment experiments were analysed by measuring the mass increase and surface changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings – The surface treatments showed a noticeable mass increase and observable deposition when viewed using a SEM microscope. Bio cementation of loose sand particles was observed and the degree of cementation was determined using a Moh's hardness test. Research limitations/implications – Recommendations for further work to improve this study are: use an increased Sporosarcina pasteurii cell optical density which would provide a greater calcite output. Carry out a paired comparison initial surface absorption test (BS 1881: Part 208, 1996 or ASTM C 1585-04, 2004). To be carried out on untreated control and MICP samples which would determine the pore blocking effect and surface repair capability of the treated samples. Practical implications – A method for obtaining optimal results in terms of surface treatment would involve reducing the time between mixing and application, this would require having the two reaction constituents mixed only seconds before use. Using a late mix spray application system has the potential to allow the two mixtures to combine in the spray nozzle whilst exiting the apparatus. Originality/value – This paper investigates a safe, natural process for stone repair.
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Gnyusova, Irina F. „Books About Yermak in the Library of Gavriil Tyumentsev as an Indicator of the Siberian Reader’s Cultural Self-Identification (Based on Materials from the Research Library of Tomsk State University)“. Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, Nr. 24 (2020): 68–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/24/4.
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Yermak Timofeevich, the conqueror of Siberia, is a key figure of the Siberian frontier and a special “myth” about Siberia in Russian culture. The aim of the article is to find out the idea of Yermak that Siberian intellectual readers formed at the turn of the 20th century. The library of the eminent Tomsk teacher Gavriil Tyumentsev is a representative material for this study. During his life, Tyumentsev collected books and various materials about Siberia. The corpus of publications on Yermak belongs to the period from 1832 to 1897. The books are mainly issued by the capital’s publishing houses and include works of various genres, both fiction (historical story, novel, tragedy) and non-fiction (historical essay, research paper, materials of anniversary readings). Two fictionalized biographies of Yermak stand apart. Folklore is an important component of many works. Readers of the publications are heterogeneous, although most of the books are intended for the mass educated reader. The degree of preservation of the books, few notes, and a number of external signs—all this made it possible to assess what turned out to be the most interesting for the reader. Fictional works about Yermak are in the lead, especially the voluminous historical novel Yermak, or the Conquest of Siberia (1834) by P. Svinyin and the love story From Chopping Block to Honor (1890) by E. Nikolaeva. However, popular science publications, primarily fictionalized biographies of the hero, aroused no less interest. In both cases, the fascination of the narrative turns out to be no less important than the quality of the text: for example, the publication of the short story of the populist N. Polushin, which is much more inferior to the work of the famous journalist and publisher A.S. Suvorin, has been preserved worse, and the book with E. Nikolaeva’s woman’s novel falls to pieces as a result of repeated reading. However, a remarkable historical essay by the Petersburg teacher A.N. Ovsyannikov, in which the author gave the most balanced assessment of the conqueror of Siberia, also attracted the reader’s attention. The collection of reports of the “literary morning” in Tobolsk (1883) is a vivid example of how the Siberian intelligentsia understands the events of the 16th century. Against the background of the same type of interpretation of Yermak’s personality by the metropolitan authors, Tobolsk teachers freely express their assessment of the activities of the ataman and his army, and also criticize their presentation in literature, which is far from the historical truth. The significant number of books about Yermak in the Tyumentsev library testifies to the fact that the heroic plot, associated not only with the capture, but also with the domestication of Siberia, was in demand among Siberian readers. And the “diversity” of Yermak in the collection of the Tomsk teacher is the best proof of the breadth of views of the Siberian intelligentsia at the turn of the 20th century, the desire of the local reader to follow all the trends of both the literary process and the historical thought of Russia and form their own idea of the origins of the Siberian “transboundedness”.
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Kindras, Iryna. „SELECTION OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH MATERIAL FOR TEACHING FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS OF ORAL TURKISH MONOLOGICAL STATEMENTS ON THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL“. Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, Nr. 1 (7) (2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2018.7.06.
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The article investigates of language and speech material for teaching future philologists of oral Turkish monological statements on the elementary level. In particular, the difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level are analyzed, the criteria for selection of material for formation oral Turkish monological statements of students on the elementary level are proposed. Analysis of the literature on psychology showed that the quality of teaching process depends on the individual capabilities of the student and other factors that affect the teaching process. These factors include difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level. According to the functional and psychological scheme of production oral monological statements the difficulties associated with the occurrence of a natural need of expression in a foreign language and the complexity of the definition of speaking and composition related to the definition of semantic content and logical sequence expression, means and methods of forming opinions and the difficulty of developing and implementing articulation program are differentiated. In addition, o the elementary level of study of Turkish language students facing the difficulties caused by the consequences interlingual interference. Interlingual interference affects basic aspects of language such as phonetics, grammar and semantics and can be a obstacle in learning a foreign language. Among the linguistic difficulties selected: phonetic (presence of phonemes that are not in native language; no equivalents of some consonants in the Ukrainian language [s]> [j]; [ğ]> yumuşak g; «law of consonants harmony (Ünsüz benzeşmesi)"; shift of emphasis), lexical (words similar in sound, adoption, use expressions that do not have equivalents; use established pair of expressions), morphological (agglutination; a special system case) and syntactic (reverse word order, punctuation rules of Turkish language different from Ukrainian). Selection lexical material should be based on the following criteria: frequency, themes and communicative value; for the selection of grammatical material defined such criteria as: frequency, the necessity and structural excellence; for the phonetic material we propose such criteria as: the degree of difficulty in mastering the phonetic phenomenon and normativity. The criteria of selection of educational texts for reading and listening are authenticity, speech excellence; availability; compliance with program requirements, age-related interests and needs of students and also the criterion of limited time of soundtracks.
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Fagundo-Rivera, Javier, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Juan Jesús García-Iglesias, Carlos Gómez-Salgado, Selena Camacho-Martín und Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. „Relationship between Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer among Nurses: A Systematic Review“. Medicina 56, Nr. 12 (10.12.2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120680.
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Background and objectives: The incidence of breast cancer worldwide has increased in recent decades, accounting for 1 in 3 neoplasms in women. Besides, nurses are mainly represented by the female collective, most of them, undertaking working conditions with intensive rotative and night shifts due to the 24-h pace of work of this profession. The objective of this study was to assess the possible relationship between shift work, especially night-time work, and the development of breast cancer among nurses. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out through the consultation of the following databases: Cochrane Plus Library, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Dialnet. Records were selected between 2010 and 2020, in Spanish and English, which covered the association between breast cancer diagnosed among nursing professionals and rotating night shifts. Results: A total of 12 studies were identified after critical reading. Most of the studies found an association between breast cancer and consecutive rotating night shifts prolonged over time. Among the associated factors, the alteration of the circadian rhythm influenced the expression of peripheral clock genes, which was the same as reproductive hormones. The risk of breast cancer in nurses increased during early adulthood and after 5 or more years with 6 or more consecutive nights. Conclusions: The different studies of this review show significant associations between breast cancer and prolonged rotating night shifts. Similarly, there is a relationship between the alterations in certain circadian rhythm markers (such as melatonin), epigenetic markers (such as telomeres), and breast cancer that would require more studies in order to corroborate these findings.
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Somova, E. V., und E. B. Schemeleva. „The role of spatial images in R.D. Harris’s novel “Pompeii”“. Literature at School, Nr. 4, 2020 (2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/0130-3414-2020-4-56-67.
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The article focuses on the novel “Pompeii” by Robert Dennis Harris which has been little studied in Russia and presents a new material for further research. The purpose of the research is to identify the originality of spatial images in the novel of the British writer. Basing on the comparative historical and analytical methods, the authors of the article explore the main principles of creating historical narration and the specifics of R.D. Harris’s work with historiographical sources while creating a historical epoch; they identify the features of W. Scott and E.G. Bulver-Lytton. Within the context of the study of the originality of spatial topoi in “Pompeii” the authors use extensively the concept of “topoekphrasis”, introduced by O.A. Kling. It distinguishes the place setting as a protagonist who influences greatly the course of events. While analyzing, the authors make the following conclusions about the national condition of the scene given by using ekphrasis and the correlation of the myth with the actual realities in the modern cultural system which indicate the stereotypical thinking of a person in the postmodern society: the myth of Adam and Eve who found themselves in Paradise, associated in the mind of a European with Capri which represents “unearthly” life; the expansion of the semantic fields after reading the myth of Sodom and Gomorrah which describes the destruction of two biblical cities and is brought closer in the novel to the events associated with the real tragedy in Pompeii, undoubtedly show the similarity of its plot resolution with the modern eschatological myth of the Apocalypse, which tells us about the inevitable death of civilization. The analysis of the mythological paradigm of R.D. Harris’s novel "Pompeii", organized by combination of ekphrasis and topoi, discloses the transformation of the postmodernist writer’s worldview, creating a new metaphysical reality in the historical novel. In addition to the real spatial topoi of the ancient world (forum, aqueduct, temple), the postmodern novel reveals mythological images: a labyrinth associated with the ancient Greek story of Theseus; the underground world of the dead, linked to the myth of Charon. The artistic understanding of the historical process by R.D. Harris allows us to identify the originality of the writer’s historical concept in the context of postmodern literature.
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Rashid, Assist Prof Dr Ansam Mohammed. „The Research Receive theory and aesthetics of Performance and application endoscopy“. ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 219, Nr. 1 (01.09.2018): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v219i1.508.
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Goes our search to make reading the receive theory and begin to enter into dialogue with them and discuss the details since its beginnings and the accountability of the philosophical and practical steps would also like that our research provides and analysis of the textual experience poet Mohammed Maghout one of the Pioneers of Arabic prose poem of our belief Textual analysis of the poem the poet and down to reveal cash fact associated with one of the most important cash curriculum postmodern.
Which restored the Prestige of the recipient and the creative and focused on making material innovation provided to the recipient of the same receiver did not stop in front of inconclusive end to it Valthalil and Monetary open courtyard of the critic and the recipient of the poem diverse and creative works.
Find the oretical and applied to gether and did not lose sight of detail in what it says founding curriculum (Lyawas and WISER) Pole Constance German School and the separation of their theory of the American reception and we have found that the Prose style of writing poetic Arabic new and Problematic and the need for testing we chose the receiving theory so in furtherance of the destination of the cash we look.
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Amu, Hubert, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Ebenezer Agbaglo, Robert Kokou Dowou, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah und Kwaku Kissah-Korsah. „Mixed effects analysis of factors associated with health insurance coverage among women in sub-Saharan Africa“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 3 (19.03.2021): e0248411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248411.
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Introduction In the pursuit of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets of universal health coverage and reducing maternal mortality, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have implemented health insurance policies over the last two decades. Given that there is a paucity of empirical literature at the sub-regional level, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage among women in in sub-Saharan Africa. Materials and methods We analysed cross-sectional data of 307,611 reproductive-aged women from the most recent demographic and health surveys of 24 sub-Saharan African countries. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using chi-square test of independence and multi-level logistic regression respectively. Results are presented as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) for the multilevel logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The overall coverage of health insurance was 8.5%, with cross-country variations. The lowest coverage was recorded in Chad (0.9%) and the highest in Ghana (62.4%). Individual-level factors significantly associated with health insurance coverage included age, place of residence, level of formal education, frequency of reading newspaper/magazine and watching television. Wealth status and place of residence were the contextual factors significantly associated with health insurance coverage. Women with no formal education were 78% less likely to be covered by health insurance (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.21–0.24), compared with those who had higher education. Urban women, however, had higher odds of being covered by health insurance, compared with those in the rural areas [aOR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.15–1.25]. Conclusion We found an overall relatively low prevalence of health insurance coverage among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. As sub-Saharan African countries work toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets of universal health coverage and lowering maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births, it is important that countries with low coverage of health insurance among women of reproductive age integrate measures such as free maternal healthcare into their respective development plans. Interventions aimed at expanding health insurance coverage should be directed at younger women of reproductive age, rural women, and women who do not read newspapers/magazines or watch television.
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Phucharoen, Phuttharaksa, und Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn. „Excessive sleepiness of Thai night shift workers in medical circumstances indexed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale“. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, Nr. 5 (11.08.2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i5.24987.
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Background: Excessive sleepiness is a cardinal symptom of many sleep disorders including shift work sleep disorder. As shift work sleep disorder is one type of the circadian rhythms sleep–wake disorders (CRSDs), it composes of symptoms of insomnia or excessive sleepiness associated with a recurring work schedule that intersections with the usual sleep timetable.
Aims and Objective: The objective was to study the sleep propensity (SPs) in Thai medical staffs who are working in the hospital in Thailand.
Materials and Methods: Ten participants included night shift workers with excessive sleepiness. Each participant was assessed by standardized measures of excessive sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS] ≥ 11). Exclusions included clinical major medical problem, psychiatric, neurological problem, use of drugs other than alcohol, uncorrected serious vision issue, pregnancy and lactation, use of antibiotics and herbs during this study. The ESS item scores in this study are all assessments of different situational SPs.
Results: The results showed that about 70% of the subjects answered slight chance of dozing, while 20% answered moderate chance of dozing for sitting and reading situation. Only 10% of the subjects would never doze. There were 60% of the subjects answered slight chance of dozing, while 10% answered moderate chance of dozing for as a passenger in a car for hour without a break of the ESS. There were 30% mentioned that they would never doze.
Conclusion: The situations can be described in general terms but not completely, for they depend on the subject’s perception of them. Although these preliminary findings represent a relatively information, it may not reflect all the SPs in Thai medical staffs who are working in hospital. It need further research to be done in the larger extended way.
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Angelovskaya, S. „The originality of the modern Ukrainian church oeuvre: on an example of the chants «All-night Vigil» Olena Yunek. Formulation of the problem“. Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 49, Nr. 49 (15.09.2018): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-49.06.
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The revival of spiritual culture on the verge of centuries, interest and respect for the traditions and ceremonies of the Orthodox Church, the rapid spread among the regents of the works of spiritual themes - all this led to the emergence of the style direction called nova musica sacra (by N. Gulianitskaya). Complex processes taking place in the field of contemporary composer creativity on the verge of the XX - XXI, cannot but show the affect on the church singing repertoire. Religious themes are increasingly appearing in the works of well-known Ukrainian artists (L. Dichko, E. Stankovich, M. Skoryk, V. Stepurko, G. Havrylets) and new authors of church chants - Volodymyr Feiner and Olena Yunek. Olena Yunek’s creativity is an example of liturgical as a secular concert application of the church repertoire. The education of a mistress’s personality took place on the basis of the Orthodox worldview. Her preferences of Ukrainian choral music from childhood were combined with participation in church-singing practice. The vast majority of works - spiritual content in the composer’s work refinement of the O. Yunek. The purpose of the article is to detect the identity of modern church music of young Ukrainian composers, whose works are becoming more popular in the choral performance of secular and spiritual collectives. The object of research – the work of Ukrainian church composers at the present stage; the subject – features of the individual composing style of O. Yunek, that been found on the material of the chants of the cycle "All-night vigil" (2007-2015). Research methodology. The presented material is the result of the interaction of musicological approaches to composing text (genre, composition, style, functional) and liturgical-theological discourse. Analysis of recent publications on research topic. A problem of author’s reading of canonical text by Ukrainian composers at the end of the XX - XXI centuries finds a solution in the thesis of O. Tyshchenko in terms of the correlation of the rite and genre [6]. The measure of the preservation of canonical features in the works of Ukrainian and Russian composers is determined in the work of N. Sereda on the material of the cycles of the Liturgy [4]. However, the cycle of "All-night vigil" in the works of contemporary Ukrainian composers has not yet become the subject of scientific interest on the part of musicology. The author of the article considered the problem of forming an individual style on the example of the All- Nightly V. Feiner, in which the original stylistic features of the polyphony of the Renaissance and the Ukrainian choral concert were originally combined [1]; The study of the work of O. Yunek in the master’s thesis was initiated. Presenting main material. When compiling their own church compositions Olena Yunek relied on the history of such outstanding artists as O. Yunek Georgy Sviridov, Sergei Rachmaninov, Arvo Pyart, Valery Kalistratov, Oleksiy Larin, Moris Duryuflie, Lesya Dichko. «All-night Vigil» is written for mixed choir. It consists of 19 chants, each of which is a separate independent composition, which can be performed independently of others. In the sequence of chants there are no traceable patterns associated with the dramatic organization of the whole. According to the author, she did not plan to create a separate cycle at the beginning, but in the process of composer’s searches, as well as through participation in the church choir at different times, a number of major chants of this cycle were created. Written at different times, the works do not have a common tonality. In general, mineral complexes predominate. The leitmotif system in the loop is absent, however, a number of composer techniques and means of expressiveness, combining works, can be traced. The article provides a holistic analysis of three chants from the cycle: Psalm 103, «O gladsome light», «From my youth». By their example, the presence of the melo-formula – singing, and constantly repeating rhythmic groups is clearly demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the harmonic sequences, the change of texture and the course of melodic lines made it possible to identify certain features of the composer’s individual style and the methods of writing that he uses to create church compositions. A comparative analysis of the canonical text and its interpretation in compositions by O. Yunek is presented. Conclusions. O. Yunek’s personal style is characterized by a high level of possession of the technique of choral writing: the variety of harmonious, timbralregister and textural means while preserving the canonical liturgical text, a careful attitude towards it. The choral style of sounding differs by the ease, the availability of perception. In her compositions, the words of the chants are completely audible - without bills, overlays; no sharp contrasts in the dynamics. The primary role among means of expressiveness is given to harmony. It is at its level that certain elements of the Eastern Slavic singing are found (plagiarism, the use of medial chords, the linear nature of the formation of the accordion), the West European classical type of harmony (chords of the main functions in typical relations) and modern musical language (the presence of dissonant consonants, not the classical sequence in the middle construction, accordion of the nontheric structure). The role of melodies is very important. Often harmonic changes occur due to the linear motion of the melody in separate voices. Layout intonations and rhythmic figures common to compositions contribute to the integrity of the cycle and allow it to be perceived as such. In particular, it is observed in conducting the main melody frequent use of singing, gradual mirror-symmetric movement of voices, passage and auxiliary non-chord sounds. These melodic cells have the same features with the sounds of a significant singing, which confirms the composer’s tendency to the ancient chants. Similar rhythmic patterns (dashed rhythm, two sixteenth and eighth, eighth and two sixteenth, fourteenth and sixteenth), osintato also contributes to the integration of the cycle. The choral texture is characterized by flexibility and richness of presentation. Often there is a chord composition with elements of singing in separate voices, as well as contrasting fragments of unison («Blessed man»), chanting (two voices) («Virgin Mary, rejoice», «Praise the Name of the Lord», «Blessed art Thou, O Lord»). Changing the invoice occurs organically and appropriately to the performance requirements, which indicates the professional approach and knowledge of the composer’s choral writing. Consequently, all the inventions and means of expressiveness that were invented during the analysis show that the work of the contemporary composer of Kharkov, Olena Yunek, is an example of an original author’s reading of the canon in the field of church music. Together with the embodiment of the church canon, the principles of individual thinking operate and a modern link of church-composing creativity is formed.
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Niemi, Jussi, Matti Laine und Juhani Järvikivi. „Paradigmatic and extraparadigmatic morphology in the mental lexicon“. Mental Lexicon 4, Nr. 1 (24.04.2009): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.1.02nie.
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The present study discusses psycholinguistic evidence for a difference between paradigmatic and extraparadigmatic morphology by investigating the processing of Finnish inflected and cliticized words. The data are derived from three sources of Finnish: from single-word reading performance in an agrammatic deep dyslectic speaker, as well as from visual lexical decision and wordness/learnability ratings of cliticized vs. inflected items by normal Finnish speakers. The agrammatic speaker showed awareness of the suffixes in multimorphemic words, including clitics, since he attempted to fill in this slot with morphological material. However, he never produced a clitic — either as the correct response or as an error — in any morphological configuration (simplex, derived, inflected, compound). Moreover, he produced more nominative singular errors for case-inflected nouns than he did for the cliticized words, a pattern that is expected if case-inflected forms were closely associated with their lexical heads, i.e., if they were paradigmatic and cliticized words were not. Furthermore, a visual lexical decision task with normal speakers of Finnish, showed an additional processing cost (longer latencies and more errors on cliticized than on case-inflected noun forms). Finally, a rating task indicated no difference in relative wordness between these two types of words. However, the same cliticized words were judged harder to learn as L2 items than the inflected words, most probably due to their conceptual/semantic properties, in other words due to their lack of word-level translation equivalents in SAVE languages. Taken together, the present results suggest that the distinction between paradigmatic and extraparadigmatic morphology is psychologically real.
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Baazeem, Ibtehal, Hend Al-Khalifa und Abdulmalik Al-Salman. „Cognitively Driven Arabic Text Readability Assessment Using Eye-Tracking“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 18 (16.09.2021): 8607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188607.
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Using physiological data helps to identify the cognitive processing in the human brain. One method of obtaining these behavioral signals is by using eye-tracking technology. Previous cognitive psychology literature shows that readable and difficult-to-read texts are associated with certain eye movement patterns, which has recently encouraged researchers to use these patterns for readability assessment tasks. However, although it seems promising, this research direction has not been explored adequately, particularly for Arabic. The Arabic language is defined by its own rules and has its own characteristics and challenges. There is still a clear gap in determining the potential of using eye-tracking measures to improve Arabic text. Motivated by this, we present a pilot study to explore the extent to which eye-tracking measures enhance Arabic text readability. We collected the eye movements of 41 participants while reading Arabic texts to provide real-time processing of the text; these data were further analyzed and used to build several readability prediction models using different regression algorithms. The findings show an improvement in the readability prediction task, which requires further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first study to explore the relationship between Arabic readability and eye movement patterns.
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Stubbs, Katherine, und Anzia Yezierska. „Reading Material: Contextualizing Clothing in the Work of Anzia Yezierska“. MELUS 23, Nr. 2 (1998): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/468017.
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Costa, Pedro, Richard Nwawe, Henrique Soares, Luís Reis, Manuel Freitas, Yong Chen und Diogo Montalvão. „Review of Multiaxial Testing for Very High Cycle Fatigue: From ‘Conventional’ to Ultrasonic Machines“. Machines 8, Nr. 2 (13.05.2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8020025.
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Fatigue is one of the main causes for in service failure of mechanical components and structures. With the development of new materials, such as high strength aluminium or titanium alloys with different microstructures from steels, materials no longer have a fatigue limit in the classical sense, where it was accepted that they would have ‘infinite life’ from 10 million (107) cycles. The emergence of new materials used in critical mechanical parts, including parts obtained from metal additive manufacturing (AM), the need for weight reduction and the ambition to travel greater distances in shorter periods of time, have brought many challenges to design engineers, since they demand predictability of material properties and that they are readily available. Most fatigue testing today still uses uniaxial loads. However, it is generally recognised that multiaxial stresses occur in many full-scale structures, being rare the occurrence of pure uniaxial stress states. By combining both Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing with multiaxial testing through Single-Input-Multiple-Output Modal Analysis, the high costs of both equipment and time to conduct experiments have seen a massive improvement. It is presently possible to test materials under multiaxial loading conditions and for a very high number of cycles in a fraction of the time compared to non-ultrasonic fatigue testing methods (days compared to months or years). This work presents the current status of ultrasonic fatigue testing machines working at a frequency of 20 kHz to date, with emphasis on multiaxial fatigue and very high cycle fatigue. Special attention will be put into the performance of multiaxial fatigue tests of classical cylindrical specimens under tension/torsion and flat cruciform specimens under in-plane bi-axial testing using low cost piezoelectric transducers. Together with the description of the testing machines and associated instrumentation, some experimental results of fatigue tests are presented in order to demonstrate how ultrasonic fatigue testing can be used to determine the behaviour of a steel alloy from a railway wheel at very high cycle fatigue regime when subjected to multiaxial tension/torsion loadings.
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McCurdy, Matthew P., Ryan C. Leach und Eric D. Leshikar. „Fewer Constraints Enhance the Generation Effect for Source Memory in Younger, but not Older Adults“. Open Psychology 1, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0012.
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AbstractThe generation effect is the memory benefit for information that is self-generated compared to read. This effect is robust for both younger and older adults. Recent work with younger adults has shown that the generation effect for context memory (i.e., contextual details associated with an episode) can be increased when there are fewer rather than greater experimental constraints placed on what participants can generate. This increase in context memory is attributable to enhanced relational processing. Given older adults’ deficits in context memory the present study tested whether fewer generation constraints would similarly improve the generation effect for contextual details in older adults. In this study, we examined age differences in item and context (i.e., source and associative) memory across three different tasks comprising the encoding of cue-target pairs: a lower-constraint generation task (i.e., free response to cue, such as assist – ____), a higher-constraint generation task (i.e., solving an anagram, such as assist – hlpe), and a read task (i.e., simply reading the cue-target pair, such as assist – help). Both age groups showed improved item and context memory for materials studied during the generation tasks (both lower- and higher-constraint) compared to the read task. However, only younger adults showed increased source memory for lower-constraint compared to higher-constraint generation, whereas older adults showed equivalent source and associative memory for both lower- and higher-constraint generation tasks. These findings suggest both age groups benefit from self-generation, but older adults may benefit less from conditions that enhance relational processing (lower-constraint generation) in younger adults.
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Tortajada, Iolanda, und Cilia Willem. „Creación de significado online: recoger las voces de los y las fans de series televisivas“. Empiria. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, Nr. 42 (15.01.2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/empiria.42.2019.23252.
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Quienes siguen series televisivas, en ocasiones, comparten sus opiniones a través de espacios online más o menos institucionalizados. Estas prácticas nos permiten acceder a un conjunto de discursos e interacciones que, si bien no han sido inducidos en un contexto de investigación, proporcionan una gran cantidad de información sobre las lecturas y las apropiaciones que hacen fans y detractores de estos productos mediáticos. A partir de los comentarios expresados sobre Girls (HBO/Canal Plus, 2012-2017) en seis blogs diferentes (FormulaTV, Vertele, Jenesaipop, Blogelpaís, Foro Vandal y Foro Vogue), se explora la utilidad metodológica de los foros online en los estudios de recepción, problematizando el modelo desarrollado por Hall (1973). Girls ironiza sobre el día a día de cuatro jóvenes urbanitas neoyorquinas valiéndose para ello de marcos posfeministas, marcos contestatarios con el posfeminismo y marcos feministas (Bell 2013, Daalmans 2013, Fuller y Driscoll 2015, Weitz 2016). En línea con la riqueza narrativa de la serie, el contenido elaborado en estos entornos indica una notable complejidad de las lecturas expresadas en ellos. En nuestro estudio hemos puesto de manifiesto que, trabajando sobre el material recopilado en estos entornos online, afloran los diferentes tipos de lectura realizados y puede determinarse a qué clase de representaciones se asocia cada tipo de lectura, así como las estrategias establecidas para acercarse y alejarse de los presupuestos de la serie según las experiencias y los valores propios. Además, las interpretaciones vertidas permiten explorar tanto la vinculación que establecen fans y detractores entre sus experiencias cotidianas y las vivencias de los personajes de la serie como sus críticas a la cultura popular. Sin embargo, es imposible profundizar en estos significados sin combinar el análisis de los foros online con entrevistas en profundidad o grupos de discusión. Este tipo de metodologías, pues, más que para conocer a un colectivo o a las personas concretas y sus motivos, sirven para comprender los significados construidos acerca de un producto o manifestación cultural por parte de la audiencia activa.nPor ello, en este trabajo se abordan las ventajas y limitaciones, tanto metodológicas como éticas, de este tipo de recogida y análisis de datos.Television series fans often share their opinions on - more or less institutionalized - online spaces. These spaces and practices allow us to access a set of discourses and interactions that, although they have not been induced in a research context, provide a large amount of information about the readings and the appropriation of meaning of fans and detractors. Using fan discussions about Girls (HBO/Canal Plus, 2012-2017) in six different Spanish blogs (FormulaTV, Vertele, Jenesaipop, Blogelpaís, Foro Vandal and Foro Vogue), we explore the methodological usefulness of online fora in reception studies, problematizing the model developed by Hall (1973). Girls is a satire evolving around the daily lives of four young New York urbanites, displaying post-feminist representation patterns, as well as critical and feminist ones (Bell 2013, Daalmans 2013, Fuller and Driscoll 2015, Weitz 2016). In line with the narrative richness of the series, the contents created on online fora indicate a remarkable complexity of the readings expressed by viewers. In our study we show that by working with the material collected from online environments, the different types of readings come to light and it can be determined to what kind of representations each type of reading is associated, as well as the strategies established to approach or move away from the series’ presuppositions, according to viewers' own experiences and values. In addition, the discussions allow exploring both the connection established by fans and detractors between their daily experiences and the experiences of the characters in the series, and their critique of popular culture. However, we are aware that it is impossible to delve into these meanings without combining the analysis of the online fora with in-depth interviews or discussion groups. This type of methodologies, then, rather than gaining deep knowledge about a collective or a specific segment of the population and their motives, help us to understand the meanings constructed about a product or cultural manifestation by the (active) audience. In this work we therefore address the advantages and limitations, both methodological and ethical, of this type of data collection and analysis.
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Pettitt, Clare. „Peggotty’s Work-Box: Victorian Souvenirs and Material Memory“. Articles, Nr. 53 (12.05.2009): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029896ar.
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AbstractThis article considers what we can and cannot learn from objects in texts. As its chief example, it takes Peggotty’s workbox in Charles Dickens’sDavid Copperfieldand, through this particular object in a particular text, thinks about how far it is legitimate to “read” cultural-social-historical meanings back into a text, and how far objects in texts operate differently than objects in the world. It then reads the workbox as a marker of memory in the novel, challenging Nicholas Dames’s “associationist” reading ofDavid Copperfieldin hisAmensiac Selves. The essay ends by considering some of the problems and potentials of “thing theory” in literary studies.
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CHO, JEUNG-RYEUL, CATHERINE McBRIDE und DAN LIN. „The relation of maternal literate mediation strategies and socioemotional comments to Korean children's Hangul reading“. Applied Psycholinguistics 38, Nr. 1 (05.05.2016): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271641600014x.
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ABSTRACTThe present study examined Korean mothers’ literate mediation strategies and socioemotional supports for 84 4- and 5-year-old children as they wrote unfamiliar words, and the relation of these strategies and comments to Korean children's Hangul reading. The mother–child writing interactions were videotaped. Eight strategies of maternal literate mediation were subsequently identified and five socioemotional comments were coded. Mothers of 5-year-olds used a coda-focused (i.e., emphasis on the final consonant of a syllable) strategy more often than those of 4-year-olds. The maternal coda focus was uniquely associated with children's word reading over and above mothers’ education and children's age, grade, vocabulary, and writing skill. Maternal literate mediation focused on the consonant–vowel (CV) subsyllabic unit, which explained children's reading of CV Gulja (Korean written syllable). These results suggest that efficient maternal literate mediation strategies focus on salient psycholinguistic grain size of Korean language such as CV (body) and coda subsyllabic units. In addition, the two socioemotional categories of process and critical comments were uniquely associated with children's reading. Findings underscore the importance of Korean language and culture in mothers’ early scaffolding to facilitate children's literacy acquisition.
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Herlina, Firda, M. Suprapto und Siswanto Siswanto. „ANALISA TEKNIS PENGUJIAN KEKEDAPAN PENGELASAN PADA TANGKI TONGKANG DENGAN MEMBANDINGKAN METODE CHALK TEST, AIR PRESSURE TEST DAN VACUUM TEST“. INFO-TEKNIK 19, Nr. 1 (25.07.2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v19i1.5143.
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PT. Dock & amp; perkapalan kodja nautical ( persero ) shipyard
banjarmasin is a company that move in ship industry, development for
shipbuilding industry large enough aims to meet the needs of countries will ships
as a country maritime .In doing their activities, company got a job as the
construction of ships new, work a serviceman a ship etc. The field of that is
associated with welding, welding identical also with a flaw and fraud especially
on the part affected a serviceman .
Testing impermeability a tank were done in order to the examination of the
possibility of mismanagement of a connection is welding and why ensure the
quality of welds, an adequate number of qualified to leakage in the connection las
can be seen from that there was an indication who occuring when testing done in
the same manner .There are several a method of testing, and among the companies
were a method of lime oil , water test and a vacuum test drives in .Chalk test
drives in / lime oil is a method of welding stability testing traditional tank , water
pressure test drives in is a method of welding stability testing a tank by the
principle of the compressed air and a vacuum test drives in also made use of of the
nature of soapy water , only on the implementation of the activity a method of
testing is provided by way of an instrument a vacuum box shaped with one of the
sides open and one of the sides made from the materials of glass .
In the process of testing kekedapan welding a method of the most accurate
in a reading of a point to leakage in connection las that is a method of water
pressure test/the compressed air with flattened flattened a reading of a point
leakage is more than 1 in any its testing. A method of tests need time in at least
the process that is a method of vacuum test and water pressure test.Testing first
method vacuum test 1.15 hours and water pressure test by 0.47 hours. Testing
second method vacuum test 1.30 hours and water pressure test 1.20 hours. Testing
third method vacuum test 0.40 hours and water pressure test 0.50 hours. Testing
fourth method vacuum test 1.15 hours and water pressure test 1.20 hours. Testing
fifth method vacuum test .30 hours and water pressure test 0.37 hours. Testing
sixth method vacuum test 1.40 hours and water pressure test 1.30 hours.
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Suzuki, Michiko. „Reading and Writing Material: Kōda Aya'sKimonoand Its Afterlife“. Journal of Asian Studies 76, Nr. 2 (Mai 2017): 333–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000043.
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The kimono is often overlooked in the study of modern Japanese literature. Yet it plays a vital role in representing character, symbolizing critical aspects of the narrative, and illuminating historical and social contexts. Here I focus onKimono(1965–68), an unfinished novel by Kōda Aya (1904–90) that depicts a girl's growing-up process through her experiences with kimono during the early twentieth century. While highlighting the protagonist's development, kimonos in this work also serve various other functions, particularly cogent during a time in which everyday knowledge of kimono was declining. I examine the novel from different perspectives, including the kimono culture of the 1950s–60s and the novel's revitalization during the 1990s–2000s, facilitated by Kōda's literary inheritor, daughter Aoki Tama (1929–). This essay presents a new view of Kōda and her novel while engaging with broader questions of material and cultural representation, and the role of objects in the interpretation of literary texts.