Dissertationen zum Thema „Réaction de réduction de l’oxygène“
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Filimonenkov, Ivan. „Electrocatalyse de la réduction de l’oxygène et de l’oxydation de l’eau par des oxydes de métaux de transition : cas des pérovskites de Mn et Co“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA study of electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions is closely related with a development of cathodic and anodic materials for fuel cells and elec-trolyzers. An objective of this thesis is to develop and investigate Mn, Co-oxide-based elec-trode materials active and stable in both the ORR and OER. Relationships between electro-chemical characteristics of perovskite/carbon compositions and properties of their compo-nents are stated and experimentally substantiated in the thesis. It is found a corrosion re-sistance of carbon materials under OER conditions is influenced not only by their crystalline order, but also by their intrinsic OER activity. It is shown the ORR and OER activity of Mn, Co-based perovskites linearly depends on the number of rechargeable Mn and Co cations, respectively. It is revealed a reversible oxygen intercalation through a crystal structure of Co-based perovskites occurs under OER conditions as well as at lower potentials
Moumaneix, Lilian. „De l’élaboration de matériaux graphéniques tridimensionnels dopés à l’azote : vers des catalyseurs pour l’électroréduction de l’oxygène sans platine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe storage of energy in the form of dihydrogen is attracting growing interest in the scientific community as well as in the energy and transport industries. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) convert this gas into electricity without harmful emission, at relatively low temperatures. Nowadays, catalysts are mainly made up of platinum nanoparticles, deposited on a microporous carbon material. However, this noble metal is a source of environmental and societal problems, and its supply is subject to geopolitical tensions and vagaries. This thesis work explores the possibility of using alternative materials without metals. Widely studied in the literature, carbon materials doped with nitrogen atoms have a catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), this reaction being the most limiting in PEMFCs. An elaboration method based on a solvothermal reaction between an alcohol and sodium, followed by a pyrolysis treatment, has been developed, yielding N-doped graphenic materials with a pronounced three-dimensional aspect and a very developed porosity. The study of the solvothermal reaction between 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine and sodium allowed to give a description of the reaction mechanism, by focusing on the analysis of the atmosphere composition within the solvothermal reactor during the reaction, and on the characterization of the solid solvothermal product. In addition, the influence of the pyrolysis conditions on the final material was studied using complementary and multi-scale characterization techniques, permitting to elaborate materials with good structural qualities and high specific surfaces. The catalytic activity of doped graphenic materials has been proven inside a PEMFC. Electrical power densities greater than 3 mW.cm-2 have been reached. Several parameters contributing to the improvement of the catalytic activity towards the ORR were identified, allowing to better target the future aspects on which to progress
Crochet, Guillaume. „Synthesis of stimuli responsive nanoparticles for electrocatalysis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS313.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskite oxides are studied since decades for their magnetic properties and more recently for their electrocatalytic properties in the context of energy conversion, within fuel cells and water electrolyzers, for instance. In this work, we have aimed at developing new perovskite-based electrocatalysts operating in aqueous media, by targeting nanoscaled perovskites able to interact with their environment and then to exhibit stimuli-dependent electrocatalytic properties. This work was then at crossroad between the development of synthesis strategies, the design of nanomaterials, the study of their electrochemical and magnetic properties and of their interplay. We first describe a synthesis strategy suitable to reach quaternary perovskites by using molten salt media, innovative microwave heating and precise tuning of the oxo-basicity of the melt. We then address the relationship between magnetism and electrocatalysis on the case study of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocrystals derived from molten salts, through the development of an original set-up enabling triggering changes in the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis by application of a magnetic field. We especially stress out the important of the composition of the electrolyte for magnetic enhancement of electrocatalytic activity. Finally, we address another way to trigger “externally” the properties of nanoscaled perovskite oxides, by developing a synthesis of doped perovskite nanocrystals and then by triggering under reducing conditions the exsolution of the metal cation dopants as metal nanoparticles at the surface of perovskite nanocrystal hosts, for the first time
Jorda, Virginie. „Synthèse de nanocomposites Fe/C/N par pyrolyse laser comme électrocatalyseurs pour la réduction de l’oxygène“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanostructured Iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe/N/C) electrocatalysts is a good substitute for platinum in acidic fuel cells. Laser pyrolysis synthesis allows to obtain iron nanocomposites (Fe/N/C). The reaction involves two iron precursors, FeOOH and Fe(acac)3, combined with pyridine (and possibly methylimidazole) in the presence of NH3. The effect of large range variations of NH3’s volume fraction (RNH3) in the reactions is studied. Physicochemical properties of the materials increase monotonically with RNH3. XPS analysis shows that an iron nitride phase appears when RNH3 increase, and electrochemical analysis shows that materials with this iron nitride phase are the most active ones. These results suggest that iron nitride presence triggers the formation of active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).Finally, we synthetize new Fe/N/C, or N/C materials using toluene (mixed with pyridine or methylimidazole) in the presence or absence of Fe(acac)3. The obtained Fe/N/C materials are more active than the N/C materials which indicates that iron plays a role in the presence of active sites for the ORR. Annealing under Ar or NH3 at a temperature of 1100°C increases the activity of all the materials. This improvement is due to the suppression of inactive nitrogen sites, and the transformation of some pyridinic sites to graphitic sites. Annealing under NH3 is more effective under Ar beacuse of the increase of the specific surface area (Sspe max > 1100 m2/g). For the same material annealed under Ar versus NH3, the selectivity (n) of the ORR goes from 3.70 up to 3.93 e- respectively. The most active one reaches Edep > 950 mV/ENH
Cognard, Gwenn. „Electrocatalyseurs à base d’oxydes métalliques poreux pour pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConventional electrocatalysts used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are composed of platinum nanoparticles supported on high specific surface area carbon blacks. At the cathode side of the PEMFC, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs, the electrochemical potential can reach high values - especially during startup-shutdown operating conditions - resulting in irreversible degradation of the carbon support. A “material” solution consists of replacing the carbon with supports based on metal oxides. The latter have to be resistant to electrochemical corrosion, be electronic conductor and have a porous and nano-architectural structure (for the transport of reagents and products and the homogeneous distribution of the ionomer and platinum nanoparticles).In this work, we have developed and characterized electrocatalysts composed of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles based on tin dioxide (SnO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with optimized textural (aerogel, nanofibres or loosetubes morphologies) and electron-conduction properties (doped with niobium Nb or antimony Sb). The best electrocatalytic properties are reached for an antimony-doped SnO2 aerogel support, denoted ATO. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has especially a higher specific activity for the ORR than a Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst, synthesized in the same conditions, suggesting beneficial interactions between the Pt nanoparticles and the metal oxide support (Strong Metal Support Interactions SMSI).Durability tests simulating automotive operating conditions of a PEMFC were carried out in liquid electrolyte at 57 °C on these two electrocatalysts by cycling between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has an increased stability compared to the reference Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst. However, new degradation mechanisms were highlighted in this study: first, the doping element (Sb) is progressively dissolved during electrochemical ageing, which implies a loss of electronic conductivity. This loss is partly due to incursions at low potential, including during electrochemical characterizations. Moreover, between 5,000 and 10,000 cycles of the accelerated stress tests (between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs RHE or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE at 57 °C), the support loses its porous structure and forms a poorly conductive amorphous film
Henrotte, Olivier. „Méthode pour l’analyse de l’activité de la réduction de l’oxygène de catalyseurs sans métaux nobles par microscopie électrochimique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS473.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe decrease of fuel cells cost is necessary to provide a worldwide access to the technology. Synthesis of noble metal-free catalysts is a promising way to achieve this goal. The electrochemical analysis of these materials is however not easy either to compare the electrocatalytic properties or to understand the performances of these catalysts. The scientific community generally studies catalysts at a macroscale, where the recorded response is averaged on a very large number of catalytic objects. The works presented here shows the setup of a method to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of noble metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media by scanning electrochemical microscopy. This method brings several advantages such as the possibility to study and compare multiple catalysts on the same sample at a macro- or a microscale. The comparison of several catalysts with this setup is then. A catalyst has been studied under various conditions of: loading, surface area, weight of catalyst and quantity of additives such as Nafion. The investigation of the material stability is also illustrated. These results suggest large range of application of the technique and many possibilities in the future are now open to investigated noble metal-free electrocatalytic materials
Noël, Romain. „Préparation et réduction de tétrahydropyridines polysubstituées énantiopures : application à la synthèse d'alcaloïdes“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrunel, Albane. „Etude du mécanisme d’activation de l’oxygène par les NO-Synthases“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112290/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNitric oxide is exclusively synthesized by NO-Synthases in mammals. The heart of the NO-synthase activity is oxygen activation, which corresponds to the activation of the FeIIO2 intermediate. This step depends on the heme electronic properties and on the electron and proton transfers. Oxygen activation has to be well mastered to control exactly the nature of the end-product. Understanding the oxygen activation step is necessary to better understand the biological/pathological role of the mammalian NO-Synthases. Furthermore, bacterial NO-Synthases function and oxygen activation mechanism are unknown. This PhD work proposes a deep analysis of the oxygen activation step in NO-Synthases. First, proximal environment has been studied with mutated proteins. These mutations impact the electronic properties of the heme proximal bond. Spectroscopic analyses of these mutants have been done by electron paramagnetic resonance and resonance Raman. Then, we have studied the FeIIO2 intermediate with substrate analogs which has necessitated continuous flow and stopped-flow analyses. Finally, the role of the tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor in the electron and proton transfer has been studied and clarified thanks to a very fast trapping method : the freeze-quench. Our results show that the oxygen activation step is elaborately controlled by the proximal bond electron donation and the distal H bond network. At the same time we show some differences between mammalian and bacterial NO-Synthases concerning the redox role of the tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor. The major obstacle to understand the oxygen activation step resides in the complexity of the active site chemistry and the rate of catalytic reactions. For this reason, we propose to adapt an already successful protocol to trap some intermediates in the cytochromes P450 mechanism : cryo-reduction coupled with temperature jumps
Gérard, Hervé. „Mise en évidence d'une réaction de déshalogénation catalysée par l'hémoglobine“. Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman haemoglobin can catalyze various reactions like hydroxylations and peroxydations,similar to cytochrome P450 reactions. Haemoglobin with ascorbic acid and oxygen can dehalogenate various organochlorines like DDT, perchloroethane and benzylchloreehalides. The study of the dehalogenation of p-nitrobenzylchloride show us the reductive pathway of this reaction but also the necessary of little quantity of oxygen. This reaction requires two reduction. The first one needs ascorbic acid and the second one needs semidehydroascorbic acid generated by oxygen molecular
Maillos, Philippe. „Formation de liaisons Carbone-Azote par réaction SRN¹ en série aliphatique“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoang, Cam Thuy. „Nouvelle méthode de synthèse d'acides β,γ-diaminés énantiomériquement purs : application à la synthèse d'aminopyrrolidines“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe β,γ-diaminoacids belong to the family of 1,2-diamines. They occur as structural moiety in natural products and as intermediates in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules. However, no general method for their synthesis has been reported. The aim of this work is the elaboration of a new method for synthesis of the enantiomerically pure β,γ-diaminoacids. The strategy consists in a convergent approach by homologation of α-aminoacids using the Blaise reaction / diastereoselective reduction as the key steps. The preparation of suitably protected α-aminonitriles was first carried out from α-aminoacids with conservation of initial asymmetric center. Then, the Blaise reaction furnishes the (Z)-γ-amino-β-enaminoesters under the non-racemizing conditions. This reaction proved to be very efficient, giving the products with good yield. Several methods for diastereselective reduction of these enaminoesters were studied: dissolving metals, hydride and catalytic hydrogenation. This strategy was validated with 5 functionalised α-aminoacids and 2 non-functionalised. Finally, this synthetic sequence gives access to enantiomerically pure 3-aminopyrrolidines. A stereoselective total synthesis of nemonapride, an antipsychotic agent, was accomplished in 9 steps with a global yield of 16%
Lebreton, Jacques. „Synthèse totale des C-Nor D-homostéroïdes“. Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis describes various model reactions pertaining to the total synthesis of C-nor D-homosteroids. Various methods for the synthesis of α-acetonyl ketones were tested and compared with each other. The most general and efficient method appeared to be the alkylation, with methallyl chloride, of the carbanion derived from a N,N dimethylhydrazone, followed by ozonolysis of both double bonds. The second part of this work describes an efficient and stereo selective total synthesis of C-nor D-homosteroid compounds, following a general pathway of the A→B→ C→D type. The A-B ring system was provided by the Wieland-Miescher ketone. The ring C was formed by intramolecutar cyclisation of an appropriate γ-diketone. Construction of the ring C was achieved by means of a Birch reductive alkylation, followed by intramolecular cyclisation of the intermediate δ-diketone thus formed. C-nor D-homosteroids having six asymmetric carbons as well as the required "natural" trans-anti-trans configuration were thus obtained in eleven steps from the Wieland-Miescher ketone. This probably represents one of the simplest and most efficient routes leading to C-nor D-homosteroids
Carnevillier, Christelle. „Modification de catalyseurs de reformage platine-iridium/alumine par ajout d'étain introduit par réaction d'oxydo-réduction de surface“. Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOzouf, Guillaume. „Electrodes à base d’aérogels de SnO2, résistantes à la corrosion pour la réduction de l’oxygène dans les piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to tackle the problem of low durability, tin dioxide aerogels were studied to replace carbon black as a catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). SnO2 is a well-known n-type semi-conductor whose electronic conductivity can be improved by doping with hypervalent cations such as Nb5+, Ta5+ or Sb5+. In addition, as a catalyst support, this material has to develop a high specific surface area with adequate mesoporous morphology to allow both good dispersion and activity of the catalyst (Pt). To this end, our objective was to develop doped SnO2 aerogels. In this study, SnO2 based-aerogels were successfully synthesized following an acid-catalyzed sol–gel route starting with metal alkoxides as precursors. Our materials have shown a very interesting airy morphology with among other a reasonable specific surface area (80–90 m2/g). Moreover, all Sb-doped aerogels exhibited significant improvement in electronic conductivity and reach a value of around 0.12 S/cm. Platinum nanoparticles were then deposed on the Sb doped SnO2 aerogel surface using three different methods. The method based on chemical reduction using a polyol route provided the best result in term of mass catalytic activity measured by RDE (Is = 32 mA/mgPt). This value is even higher than that of the reference electrocatalyst TEC10E40E (Is = 27 mA/mgPt). Sb doped SnO2 aerogel based MEAs have exhibited a very good durability at high potentials
Grizon, Virginie. „Etude de la réaction d'oxydo-réduction catalysée par l'acool déshydrogénase de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae en réacteur solide-gaz“. La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used, in the solid/gas process to realise oxido-reduction catalysed by the alcohol dehydrogenase. This system presents some advantages compared to the use of purified YADH, mainly due to a better stability of the catalyst. In situ cofactor regeneration by the addition of alcohol as co-substrate in the gaseous medium was achieved using whole cells as catalyst. Moreover, the stability of such catalyst is better than the one of the purified enzyme co-immobilised with the nicotinamidic cofactor. Then, cells appeared as a great catalyst to synthesise alcohols and/or aldehydes in the solid/gas bioreactor. Catalytic activity of whole cells preparations was enhanced, by a simple method of sonication. The treatment induces the permeabilization of cell wall, increasing the diffusion of substrates and/or products in cell. The increase of stability of sonicated preparation was further obtained by removing free enzymes liberated during sonication. The effect of substrates and water thermodynamic activities modification was tested on this preparation. Results showed that ethanol and butyraldehyde act on the enzyme as denaturing agents, for high thermodynamic activities. This denaturation can be minimised using low water activity (aw). At low aw (0,47), substrate thermodynamic activities can be increased and the productivity of the catalyst can be maintained at about 1,7 Kg/l/d of butanol because of the better stability. Lastly, YADH-II was shown to be the isoenzyme responsible for the ADH activity with yeast cells in the solid/gas reactor. The expression of YADH-II was enhanced during the cell growth on ethanol as sole carbon source. The enhancement of the production of YADH-II by simple fermentation techniques in cells allowed a better level of ADH activity, favourable of the optimisation of the solid/gas system
Tahri, Abdelali. „Propriétés électriques et réactivité du molybdate de nickel NiMoO4 synthétisé par réaction solide-solide : étude de la réduction (H2) et de la sulfuration (H2S/H2) par thermogravimétrie“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreiro, Mederos Leticia. „Nouvelles applications des sulfoxydes en synthèse asymétrique : réaction de type reformatsky et de cyclisation réductrice“. Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sulfinyl group as chiral inductor was used to generate three of the five asymmetric centres in the fragment C15-C26 of the (–)-dictyostatine. First, the Reformatsky reaction type in presence of SmI2 and a chiral aldehyde gave rise with high stereoselection to the syn adduct so two new stereocenters were installed. Secondly, the reduction by DIBALH of the resulting -ketosulfoxyde gave the 1,3-syn-diol present in the fragment. The synthesis was accomplished successfully in 13 steps and 24% yield from the commercially available Roche’s ester as starting material. The preparation of tetrahydropyranic units by a reaction sequence which involves a Reformatsky type reaction was tested with two different aldehydes. The synthetic sequence followed by a diastereoselective reduction and a reductive cyclisation process. Two series of tetrahydropyrans were synthesized one form a 1,3-syn-diol and a second from a 1,3-anti-diol. In both cases, we observed the lost of one hydroxyl group. This synthetic approach was applied to the preparation of the C1–C8 fragment of the (–)-herboxidiene. Which was achieved in 11 steps and a 3. 6% global yield
Couve-Bonnaire, Samuel. „Synthèse de dérivés pyridiniques fonctionnalisés-cétones, cétoamides et cétoesters-par réaction de carbonylation de précurseurs halogènes“. Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-163-164.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUne fois encore, les résultats dépendent des paramètres expérimentaux et plus particulièrement de la nature du précurseur catalytique et de la position du motif halogéné sur le cycle hétéroaromatique. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus en synthèse d'alpha-cétoamides, néanmoins les séléctivités en composé dicarbonylé, cétoamides ou coesters, sont les plus élevées rapportées pour ce type de composés. La dernière partie de nos travaux est consacrée à la réduction asymétrique des dérivés d'acides pyridyglyoxyliques synthétisés précédemment par deux méthodes différentes : l'hydrogénation asymétrique et la réduction par agent stoechiométrique. L'influence néfaste du noyau pyridinique sur la réaction a été évaluée
Lakhrissi, Younes. „Nouvelles applications de la réaction de Wittig“. Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuazzani, Chahadi Jamaleddine. „Réduction et oxydation microbiologiques : une voie nouvelle d'accès aux synthons chiraux ou aux substances naturelles“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe different catalytic specificities of the two enzymic systems were used, in vivo, to prepare opticallypure ketols, from substituted 1,4-cyclohexanediones. These ketols, bearing one to three asymetric centers, were oxidized in a Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and dehydrated to form unsatured asymetric lactones. Such lactones are potential chiral synthons or natural products. A dehydrogenase present in Curvularia lunata cells is able to reduce 2,5 substitued 1,4-cyclohexanediones with a high regio and strereospecificity, leading to optically pure 4S ketols. A monooxygenase present in Curvularia lunata cells, is able to oxidize ketones to lactones, exactly as peracids in the chemical Baeyer-Villiger reaction. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that this enzyme is highly enantioselective. From a racemic mixture, was lactonized exclusively the 4S ketol, and the residual 4R ketol can be recovered optically pure. This monooxygenase is fally induced by the 4S ketol as well by the 4R enantiomer; however, it exhibit always the same stereospecificity. In parallel to these enzymic reactions, we have studied some equivalent chemical reactions, mainly regioselective chemical reductions. Furthemore, we have established the complete structure of all the lactones synthetised. The combination of these enzymic reactions, associated to equivalent chemical reactions, allow to prepare the four isomers of eldanolide, the wing gland pheromone of an african sugar cane borer, Eldana sacchariana
Gard, Jean-Christophe. „Comportement électrochimique de dérivés nitrés et d'hydroxylamines aromatiques. Réaction en chaine induite par réduction électrochimique de dérivés nitrosés ou d'aldéhydes aromatiques“. Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiabaté, Donourou. „Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocatalyseurs à base de palladium pour l'oxydation du glucose et la réduction de l'oxygène moléculaire en milieu alcalin“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2316/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the development of nanocatalysts for a glucose/oxygen fuel in alkalinemedium. Therefore, carbon supported based palladium nanomaterials (Pd/C, PdAg/C and PdNi/C)were synthesized and characterized. Their electrocatalytic activity towards both the glucoseoxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied. The electrode materials have beensynthesized by “water-in-oil microemulsion” and the physic-chemical characterizations providedinformation on their shape, morphology. Their average particle size remained less than 5 nm. Theoxygen reduction reaction performed with Rotation Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) on these catalystsled to a four electrons process i.e. without hydrogen peroxide as intermediate (at ca. 0.85 V vs.RHE). Cycling voltammetry combined with Single Potential Alteration Infrared ReflectanceSpectroscopy (SPAIRS) was helpful to show that the primary product of the glucosedehydrogenation is the d-gluconolactone. The latter oxidation product undergoes hydrolysis togluconate in electrolytic solution. At high potential, the dissociative adsorption of glucose onPd70Ag30 gave carbon dioxide as another oxidation product
Anne, Agnès. „Réduction électrochimique de la daunomycine : activation de l'oxygène : génération d'une espèce alkylante“. Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Bozec Nathalie. „Réaction de réduction de l'oxygène sur les aciers inoxydables en eau de mer naturelle. Influence du biofilm sur les processus de corrosion“. Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDinter, Nicolas. „Simulations Monte Carlo de cinétiques de réaction gaz/solide et application en catalyse d'hydrotraitement“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066579.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDruais, Valérie. „Réductions stéréosélectives catalytiques de cétones acétyléniques : application à la synthèse de la phoslactomycine B et de 1,2,3-triols“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066719.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDebacq, Marie. „Étude et modélisation des fours tournants de défluoration et réduction du difluorure d'uranyle“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrévoteau, Antonin. „Électrodes enzymatiques à base d’hydrogels rédox en vue de l’oxydation du glucose : effet de la déglycosylation de la glucose oxydase et mise en évidence d’une réduction parasite de l’oxygène sur le médiateur rédox“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14102/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe possibility of converting the catalytic activity of oxidoreductase enzymes into electric current has led to the development of a high diversity of enzyme electrodes. Anodes catalysing glucose oxidation have been amongst the most studied, especially for their application in monitoring blood glucose or glucose/O2 biofuel cells. Although one of the numerous strategies available, the use of osmium-based hydrogels as redox mediators, has given excellent results, some limitations still remain such as rather low current densities, stability or selectivity Initially, the study focused on the deglycosylation of glucose oxidase (GOx). When most of the oligosaccharides around this glycoenzyme were removed, the ensuing increase in the electrode catalytic current seemed a priori to support the hypothesis of a decrease in the electron hopping distance between the enzyme redox centres and the redox mediator. However, a systematic study of electrode response for different compositions leads us to conclude that deglycosylation does not improve the intrinsic electron transfer but the whole hydrogel structure. This seems due to the smaller size and higher surface charge of the deglycosylated GOx inducing smaller hydrogel volumes than in the native-based GOx. The study then proceeded to examine the oxygen side reduction of commonly used osmium-based redox polymers. The interference of O2 on glucose oxidation current has generally been attributed to O2 reactivity with GOx. The present study shows that O2 reduction also occurs on osmium-based polymers if their formal potential E°’ is below + 0.07 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The kinetics of this reaction appears to increase exponentially when E°’ decreases. As well as reducing the oxidation current and, consequently, lowering anode performances, the generation of hydrogen peroxide could also modify electrode stability. These results suggest that the choice of redox mediator for a given E°'must also take into account the extent of O2 reduction
Calvet, Géraldine. „Réaction de nitroso Diels-Alder avec des diénophiles de type alpha-acyloxynitroso en présence d'acides de Lewis : application à la synthèse de pyrroles polysubstitués et à la synthèse des clavépictines A et B“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have developed α-acyloxynitroso as a new type of reactive dienophile in the nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition. α-Acyloxynitrosos are conveniently synthesized from the corresponding oxime in good yield. The cycloaddition with a 1,3-diene and 0 or 20 mol% of a Lewis acid lead to an hydroxycarbamate instead of the expected dihydrooxazine resulting formally from the N-O bond. We have studied the nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition of α-acyloxynitroso dienophile in aqueous medium. Under these conditions, the cycloaddition reaction led exclusively to the cycloadduct. Various 1,3-dienes were evaluated under optimized conditions, the corresponding dihydrooxazines were obtained in good yield Among the different strategies known for the elaboration of dihydrooxazines by nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition, this methodology presents the advantage of being flexible, allowing a straightforward access to dihydrooxazine in aqueous medium or the corresponding N-O bond cleaved product in anhydrous solvent. Finally, we have exploited the cycloadducts obtained in these previous studies in the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles. These cycloadducts can be viewed as latent pyrroles : N-O bond cleavage followed by oxydation reaction of the resulting hydroxycarbamate lead to polysubstituted pyrroles. The application of this methodology to the synthesis of clavepictine, a secondary metabolite of the Bermudian tunicate Clavelina picta is currently underway, using as key steps the cycloaddition of an acetoxynitroso dienophile in water followed by a ring rearrangement metathesis
Kefalas, Panagiotis. „Synthèse d'une indolizidine hydroxylée, analogue de la castanospermine“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral attempts for the synthesis of the indolizidinic alkaloid (1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR)-1,6,7,8 tetrahydroxy-octahydroindolizine (castanospermine), a glucosidase inhibitor and of its epimers are described. The general synthetic approach was undertaken starting from sugars that have an established configuration on the carbon atoms corresponding to the C-6, C-7 and C-8 centres of the indolizidinic ring. Ln a first synthetic route we have studied the formation of the alkaloid five-member ring, through the application of α-aminonitrile chemistry on the aldehyde 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose prepared from D-(+)-Glucose; either by formation of the N-benzyl,α-aminonitrile, followed by the introduction of C-2 and C-3 and cyclization, or by the synthesis of the α-aminonitrile carrying C-2 and C-3 substituted on the amine function and ring closure. The difficulties met during this route obliged us to abandon. In a second approach we have studied the formation of the polyhydroxylated indolizidinic ring starting from D-Glucose, D-Xylose and D-Arabinose derivatives; we introduce C-1, C-2 and C-3 and the oxygen on C-1 in the form of an enol ether, by Wittig reaction. Then we form a 1,2-oxazine-3,6- dihydro-2H; 4 ethoxy by Diels-Alder reaction with a dienophile carrying the nitroso function. The glucose derivative does not meet the requirements for the continuation of the synthesis, due to the sensitivity of the furan ring in the basic medium of the Wittig reaction. Cyclization of the oxazine on the tosylated sugar frame supplies a bicyclic product. Reduction of the double bond and the N-O bond of the arabinose series derivative give a δ-aminoalcohol which leads to the (1S,6S,7R,8R,8aS),1-ethoxy,6-hydroxy;7,8-O- isopropylidene octahydroindolizine(ie. A close analog of castanospermine) by dehydrative cyclization. (Mitsunobu reaction). The same reaction sequence could not be used on the bicyclic xylose derivative; the Mitsunobu reaction being inappropriate for steric reasons
Joerger, Jean-Michel. „1. Catalyse asymétrique dans les liquides ioniques : applications à la réduction par transfert d'hydrogène et à l'époxydation ; 2. Réactions de substitutions électrophyles aromatiques avec des chloroformiates“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAvoundogba, Nathalie. „Comportement chimique et électrochimique du séléniure et du tellurure d'argent dans les acides sulfurique et hexafluorosilicique concentrés et dans les mélanges eau-acétonitrile“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrossiord, Carol. „Mécanismes tribochimiques de réduction du frottement limite : Cas des additifs au molybdène“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome parts of automotive engines are submitted to hard friction and wear (cam/tappet, ring/sleeve). This affects engine efficiency and life. This is why specific additives have been developed in order to bring antiwear and "friction-reducing properties to engine lubricants. These additives act by building up a reaction film (so-called tribofilm) on the metallic surfaces. This tribofilm reduces friction between the two surfaces and protects them from wear. Zinc dithiophosphate (Zndtp) is commonly used because of its antiwear properties. Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (Modtc) forms a tribofilm which is able to reduce friction significantly. Molybdenum dithiophosphate (Modtp) is known to act on both friction and wear. In order to respect anti-pollution norms (decrease of phosphorous rate) the petroleum industry has had to study additive combinations like Modtc/Zndtp. In order to understand the origin of the properties of additives and their mechanisms of action, we have developed an experimental process based on simulating the "instantaneous" traditional lubricated contact by a contact in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The first step is the formation of the tribofilm by a friction test in a lubricated environment. Then, in a UHV chamber, the tribofilm is submitted to the friction of a steel pin. After the test, the surfaces are separated and the wear scars on the friction surfaces are analyzed by AES, XPS and SAM. The formation of MoS2 from molybdenum additives was shown during both the lubricated and the UHV friction tests. On the one hand, the tribofilm contains single flexible sheets of MoS2 highly dispersed in an amorphous matrix. On the other hand, in UHV, very low friction is associated to the presence in the contact of a few monolayers of MoS2. Studying the transfer film present on the pin after the friction test, has revealed the role of phosphates and sulfides in the reduction of friction. Some of the reaction mechanisms of transfer can be explained on the basis of the chemical hardness principle. The acidity and basicity, hardness and softness of the chemical species present in the tribofilm determine the chemical reactions inside the contact zone and the behavior of the additives under friction. A high value friction coefficient is associated to a reaction between the phosphates of the tribofilm and the native iron oxide on the pin. A second reaction takes place between the metallic nascent surface on the pin and the MoS2 created under friction. The friction coefficient is then lower than 0. 05
Chupin, Cédric. „Réduction sélective du monoxyde d'azote par le méthane en présence d'oxygène sur Co-ZSM-5 et Fe-ZSM-5 : optimisation des catalyseurs, étude mécanistique et cinétique de la réaction“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10236.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoureaux, Florian. „Etude des réactions mettant en jeu l'oxygène dans un système électrochimique lithium-air aqueux rechargeable électriquement“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947541.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNikkuni, Flavio. „Caractérisation du vieillissement de nanoparticules de Pt/C ou PtCo/C. Effets des modifications morphologiques et de composition sur l'électrocatalyse de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRichard, Rachel. „Analyse du comportement ultramicroélectrochimique des acides et des bases dans le milieu tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) en absence puis en présence d'électrolyte : applications analytiques“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10391.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNait, Saada Tamazouzt. „Développement d’interfaces électro-plasmoniques innovantes : application dans des réactions d’oxydoréduction“. Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUI073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasmon-driven chemical transformations have become promising approaches for enhancing sluggish electrocatalytic reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The complex four-electron transfer process taking place in ORR has been recognized as barrier for the construction of high-quality fuel cells and metal-air batteries. The same is true for the oxidation of water. Any improvement in the performance of the ORR and OER kinetics is highly sought after.In this thesis, two different strategies based on the generation of plasmon-induced hot electrons were investigated. In the case of ORR, the intertwined plasmon-catalytic-electrochemical properties of a nanoperforated gold thin film electrodes allowed to significantly enhance the ORR under alkaline conditions. Irradiation with light at 980 nm and 2 W cm-2 resulted in maximal current densities of j = -6.0 A cm-2 at 0.95 V vs. RHE, under hydrodynamic conditions, comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (40 wt. %) catalysts, with good long-term stability. The wavelength-dependent electrochemical reduction confirmed that the hot carriers formed during plasmon decay are responsible for the improved electrocatalytic performance. In the case of OER, a gold electrode modified with plasmonic nanohybrids based on gold nanoparticle decorated Cu2O nanocrystals efficiently enhanced the transformation of water to oxygen. It could be shown that the morphology of Cu2O nanocrystals has a strong influence on the electrocatalytic behaviour for OER in basic medium, with cubic Cu2O being more efficient for plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysis than octahedral Cu2O : 10 mAcm-2 with a Tafel constant 97mVdec-1 were achieved at overpotential of only 200 mV
Piatnicki, Sartori Clarisse Maria. „Électrochimie analytique en absence d'électrolyte indifférent : transport de matière lors de la réduction des acides à une ultramicroélectrode“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChauvin, Rémi. „Divers aspects de la synthèse de ligands phosphorés chiraux du rhodium et du ruthénium et de leur utilisation en catalyse de réduction asymétrique de cétones“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a first section several chiral phosphorus compounds were prepared, subsequently engaged in rhodium or ruthenium complexes and tested for catalytic asymmetric reduction of ketones to alcohols by hydrogen or 2- propanol. The Arbuzov reaction between Cr(C0)3 activated arylhalides and trimethylphosphite was achieved at 80-120°C in presence of a palladium catalyst. With every catalyst the hydrogenation rate of simple ketones undernormal pressure is slow, but 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds are readily onohydrogenated. The ee's are weaks in both cases. But under 50 barH2 acetophenone is reduced with up to 36% ee. On the other hand, acetophenone is reduced by 2-propanol with up to 45% optical yields. With the complex Ru(OAc)2[(+)-diop] the (S)alcohol is obtained with ee = 12%. Upon addition of abestos, the (s)-alcohol is obtained with ee =19%. The optical yield was studied versus catalyst's nature and activation time of the system. Ephedrine is a precursor of chiral phosphorus compounds and we observed two reactions of this product. DMSO and phenylphosphinic acid react with such amines as ephedrine or N-methylbenzylamine, to afford N-methyl tertiary amines. Primary or aryl amines do not react. Phenyl glycine is decarboxylated to benzylamine by this system. In presence of sulfuric acid and an aromatic, ephedrine lead to 1,1-diaryl 2-methylaminopro panes as mixtures of optically pure epimers. An anionic chemistry of the diaryl carbon atom can be envisaged. In a annex is discussed the theoretical possibility of asymmetric catalysis at thermodynamic equilibrium
Ryabova, Anna. „Électrocatalyse de la réduction de l'oxygène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène sur les oxydes de manganèse“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManganese oxides are of great interest due to their catalytic activity towards the ORR (the oxygen reduction reaction) in alkaline media and can be used as noble metal-free materials for the cathode in liquid and polymer electrolyte alkaline fuel cells. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity of manganese oxides. It was shown that Mn2O3 with bixbyite structure has a better catalytic activity toward the ORR in alkaline media than other investigated manganese oxide, the surface activity of Mn2O3 is only 4 times lower than that of Pt at an overvoltage of 0.3 V (RHE). The link between the structure of Mn oxides and the ORR activity is found: the specific ORR activity exponentially increases with the potential of the surface Mn(III)/Mn(IV) red-ox couple. To ensure the high electrocatalytic activity of Mn2O3, it is necessary to add carbon to the electrode composition, as well as to keep potential above 0.7 V (RHE)
Bru, Claire. „Synthèse totale d'alcaloi͏̈des de type crinine et de composés biaryliques pontés“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithin the framework of this thesis, we were interested in the total synthesis of crinine-type alkaloids, belonging to Amaryllideceae plants. Our strategy is based on the formation of seven membered ring and on the simultanous creation of critical quaternary carbon by intramolecular Heck reaction. First, oxocrinine and oxomaritidine have been synthetised in seven steps in, respectively, 22. 1% and 14. 8% overallyield. Secondly, maritidine, crinine, its methyl ether, the buphanisine have been obtained, in two steps, by diastereoselective enone reduction, followed by SN2 alcohol inversion or by Mitsunobu reaction. The flexinine and augustine syntheses were considered in different ways to get, finally, the epoxy-alcohol with the correct stereochemistry. Unfortunately, the first attempts of alcohol inversion failed, our synthetical target was not obtained. Finally, dienone-phenol rearrangement of the synthetised spirodienone intermediates led to the bridged biaryl compounds, buflavine analogs
Hanana, Manel. „Fonctionnalisation de nanotubes de carbone par une approche non covalente pour l'électrocatalyse et l'optoélectronique“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe production of hybrid materials, combining the properties of their different building blocks without altering them, is a central issue of nanoscience. Among the different classes of nanomaterials being considered for this purpose, carbon nanotubes are an outstanding class of materials due to their optical, conductivity and their functionalization properties, that can be used for various applications in catalysis, electronics and optoelectronics. In the first part of this thesis, supramolecular hybrid structures based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and macrocycles (porphyrins, phthalocyanine or corrole) containing cobalt and/or iron ions have been performed and tested as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The non-covalent functionalization methods (based on either Hay-coupling or click chemistry) preserve the electronic properties of the nanotubes and enhances the stability of the resulting hybrids. Thanks to their emission properties in the near infrared region, single-walled carbon nanotubes are of peculiar interest in optoelectronics. However, their extreme sensitivity to the surrounding environment hinders their application. The production of hybrid materials that preserve their optical properties and facilitate their handling is therefore a key challenge. The second part of this PhD is dedicated to the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for optoelectronics. To this end, it is necessary to carry the synthesis of a core-shell structures, composed of amphiphilic copolymers protecting the carbon nanotubes from their environment and facilitating their solubility in aqueous medium
Publicani, Jean-Pierre. „Etude du comportement electrochimique de composes polyfonctionnels et de derives comportant un groupement xanthate“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/84/74/81/PDF/These_Pulicani.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectrosynthesis is presented in a detailed manner with an emphasis on reactive electro-generated species and on their interactions (and those of the substrate) with the medium constituents (solvent, ions of electrolyte, constituents of the electrodes). These can act upon the regioselectivity when polyfonctionnal compounds are being processed. This approach has been applied (a) to natural products bearing different carbonyl groups (Chap. 3) and (b) to xanthate derivatives (Chap. 4 to 8). - On the first substrates (a), it was confirmed that the cation of the electrolyte exerts a preponderant effect upon the regioselectivity of the cathodic reductions. However, it has not been possible to pinpoint the respective role of the solvent or the cation. It is also possible that the anion has an effect on the reactivity of the cation. At the same time, we have conceived and tested a range of reactors of different sizes (from 1 to 50 cm3), with separate compartments, suited for use with solid electrodes (Chap. 2). - With the second substrates (b), we present our electrochemical approaches for tree types of reactions: the introduction of the xanthate group, its elimination and the initiation of radical additions (Chap. 4 to 8). - Attempts at the synthesis of xanthates by electrogeneration of tertiary radicals in presence of a bis-xanthate have failed. The latter was too easily reduced or oxidised under the Kolbe conditions (Chap. 5). - The cathodic reduction of xanthates gave good yields but only with the derivatives of acetophenones. The anodic oxidation did not lead to cyclisation into tetralones (Chap. 6). - The initiation of radical additions onto olefins by group transfer failed when using cathodic reduction of alkyl iodides. However, we observed a new reaction when operating with cathodes possessing a strong electro-catalytic activity (Ag, Au, Pd). It consists in the addition of the radical from ethyl iodo-acetate onto a primary xanthate, followed by a cyclisation (Chap. 7). In addition, we conceived and tested systems with electric relays for inverting the polarity of the electrodes in order to clean their surfaces when adsorption inhibited the flow of current. - The initiation reactions gave promising results in the case of anodic oxidation of partially neutralised malonic acid. But the yields must be improved further (yield : 45 %; corrected intermediate yield : 75 %) (Chap. 8)
Matviiuk, Tetiana. „Conception, synthèse et activités biologiques de 1,3-pyrrolidines-2,5-diones disubstitués comme agents antituberculeux potentiels“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2650/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is devoted to the synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against InhA protein and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In particular, new catalytic condition of the Michael reaction were found. Lewis acids (such as: AlCl3, ZnCl2 and LiClO4) are developed as efficient catalysts for series of conjugate addition of maleimides to nucleophilic heterocycles. New conditions enabled efficient synthesis of 3-heteryl substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones. Double-conjugate addition products were obtained in the reactions with 2-aminopyridines and 2-aminothiazoles under mild conditions in presence of catalytic amount of lithium perchlorate. The possible mechanism of the formation of desired products is proposed. The structure of new potential inhibitors of InhA protein were designed using molecular modeling and in silico screening tools. Key structure of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione identified from the docking studies was synthesized in two different approaches. The series of N-substituted derivatives of this scaffold with divers substituents were synthesized to identify structure-activity relationships. Moreover the series of ß-amides of 2-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-succinic acid were also synthesized. Identified and optimized condition of reduction of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione using borane dimethyl sulfide complex have enabled prparation of two desired products in one reaction with quantitative yields. The series of corresponding compounds with pyrrolidone and pyrrolidine ring were obtained. The reactions of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and its N-substituted derivatives with lithium aluminium hydride were investigated. Tandem reduction/oxidation of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and fluorenyl rings was performed using 4 equivalents of LiAlH4 under air, affording the series of corresponding 9-hydroxy fluorenyl derivatives in good yields. Possible mechanism of oxidation of 9-substituted fluorenyl compounds is proposed. Three families of synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for the inhibition of InhA enzyme and M. Tuberculosis growth. Almost all of synthesized compounds have shown good inhibitory activity against InhA and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv strain). Some of evaluated compounds could represent new leads for the development of drug candidates
Tonda-Mikiela, Pradel. „Étude des interfaces des nanocatalyseurs / glucose et enzymes / O2 pour une application biopile“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2308/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work developed in this thesis concerns the study of the behavior of redox reactions at the interfaces "nanocatalyst/glucose" and "enzyme/O2" for a hybrid Biofuel Cell. In this framework, a novel synthesis method of based gold and platinum nanoparticles has been achieved. These synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques to determine their size, morphology and their dispersion in Vulcan XC72R used as substrate. The active surface area of each electrode material was determined by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping. It has been shown that in the bimetallic catalyst gold promotes platinum activity towards the glucose oxidation. The bimetallic composition Au70Pt30 exhibits the better efficiency. The study by spectroelectrochemistry determined that the B-gluconolactone is the primary product of the glucose oxidation which proceeds at low potential by the dehydrogenation of anomeric carbon on platinum. The reduction reaction of O2 was catalyzed by an enzyme, bilirubin oxidase (BOD). Mediated electronic transfer was performed with two redox mediators, ABTS and an Osmium complex (Os). They have been encapsulated with the enzyme in a Nafion® matrix to construct the interfaces: BOD/ABTS/O2 and BOD/Os/O2. The voltammetric study of the mediators in phosphate buffer revealed two quasi-reversible systems with an apparent potential close to the theoretical potential of the T1 BOD center. Although hardly comparable in terms of current density with the Pt nanocatalyst the O2 reduction is a four electron reaction at the cathodes BOD/ABTS and BOD/Os which deliver an electrode potential close to the Nernst one
Boulanger, Clotilde. „Réactions redox topotactiques des chalcogénures à clusters de molybdène : Analyse par voie électrochimique et applications“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLu, Yu-Wei. „Électrosynthèse de liaisons carbone-carbone par couplage d'oléfine activées et de dihalogénures d'alkyle : formation de composés cycliques“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFogain-Ninkam, Alain. „Synthèse de structures hétérocycliques incluant un motif isoindole par cyclisation intramoléculaire“. Le Havre, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LEHA0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaron, Marc. „Développement de nouvelles méthodologies pour la synthèse de spirotétrahydro-β-carbolines“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985371.
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