Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Rayeng basin“

This study aims to find out how the impact of rising cooking oil prices on financial allocations for residents of Dega Mugo Rayeuk whose income is below the minimum wage. This study also identifies what obstacles are faced by housewives in allocating their finances. This study uses a research method with a qualitative approach, where the research subjects are residents of the village of Mugo Rayeuk and the collection techniques used are village documents and interviews. Then the data is analyzed using percentages. The results of the analysis show that 66.66% of the residents of Mugo Rayeuk village experienced the impact of the increase in cooking oil prices. There are several obstacles faced by housewives in allocating their finances, namely uncertain income, income that is relatively small and below the minimum wage, and unstable prices of basic commodities, making it difficult for people to allocate their finances and also find it difficult to adjust income with expenses because the price of basic goods unstable and constantly increasing.

The numbers, space distribution and energy distributions of Wolf-Rayet stars are reviewed. The numbers of known WR stars in the Galaxy, the LMC and the SMC are 189, 114, and 10, respectively. Distances and galactic distributions determined by various authors are compared and consequences for with evolutionary studies are discussed. Finally energy distributions from the optical to the radio regime are reviewed.

Relative abundance of the total prey fish community in the western basin of Lake Erie varied little from 1969 to 1988, but species composition changed significantly. Soft-rayed fishes such as emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides, spottail shiner, N. hudsonius, and alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, declined significantly after 1977 whereas only one spiny-rayed species, white bass, Morone chrysops, declined over the same period. Trout-perch, Percopsis omiscomaycus, a relatively abundant species rarely eaten by piscivores in this system, experienced only minor shifts in abundance between 1969 and 1988. Although several factors could be responsible for the shift in species composition, predation by increasingly abundant walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, played a major role. Walleye prefer to eat soft-rayed fishes; thus, observed shifts in the community match expectations of selection noted in the diet. We suggest that management goals focusing primarily on walleye affected not only the targeted species but the entire fish community of western Lake Erie.

The partial neurocranium of a relatively small, halecomorph fish is described as Canaryichthys rozefeldsi gen. et sp. nov. and represents the first possible ionoscopiform from the Cretaceous of Australia. The specimen was collected from the marine Toolebuc Formation of the Eromanga Basin, near Boulia, in the central west of Queensland, deposited during the Early Cretaceous (late Albian) when an epeiric sea covered much of the centre of the State. It is undistorted and preserved in 3-dimensions but lacks all but the cranial vault. Canaryichthys has many features in common with the enigmatic English Jurassic ‘caturid’ neurocranium redescribed and figured by Patterson (1975) as ‘Aspidorhynchus’ sp., (originally described by Rayner, 1948) and also appears to have affinity with the Early Cretaceous (Aptian), Oshunia, from South America.

Detailed microbiostratigraphy and basin evolution of the Lower Cretaceous deposits in the Rayen area, south of Kerman Region, SE Iran are investigated for the first time in two sections. The section no. 1 is 324.6m in thickness and comprises five lithostratigraphic units. The section no. 2 is 218 m in thickness and includes three lithostratigraphic units. The identified fauna and flora include 41 benthic foraminifera and 11 calcareous algae species. The identified assemblage indicates that the marine strata in both sections were deposited during the Barremian to Albian. The microfacies analyses carried out on 22 carbonate and 2 clastic microfacies indicate that the deposits in the section no. 1 were deposited on a homoclinal carbonate ramp, whereas in the section no. 2 they were deposited on a rimmed carbonate shelf. Generally, the Cretaceous deposit in the two studied sections represent different sedimentary models and fossil content indicating different basin evolution histories. The paleogeographic setting of the studied area on the south eastern margin of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent and the active tectonic history during the Mesozoic suggest that the syndepositional tectonism influenced the basement’s morphology and resulted in changes in the fossil diversity and sedimentary nature of adjacent sedimentary basins.

Theoretical modeling of line and continuum formation in Wolf-Rayet (W-R) atmospheres is reviewed. We examine the basic premises on which the models are built, and critically compare theoretical models with observation. Discrepancies between theory and observation are analyzed to determine their implication for our understanding of W-R atmospheres. Line formation, continuum formation, and the ionization structure of W-R envelopes are examined in detail. Abundance determinations are briefly reviewed.

To set the stage for the symposium, a brief overview is given of the main thrust of the about 1250 papers on Wolf-Rayet star research published in the past decade, broken down into inventory, basic parameters and galactic distribution, atmospheres, binaries, intrinsic variability, mass loss, enrichment and evolution.

Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are the helium-burning remnants of massive stars (initial mass ≲30 M©), which have lost their outer hydrogen-rich layers through the processes of Roche lobe overflow to a companion or mass loss by a strong stellar wind. The characteristic emission-line spectrum which defines the WR spectral type is produced by a stellar wind that is so dense and opaque, that the radiation of all lines and continua arise from material in the wind. Because the wind completely screens any radiation emitted by the hydrostatic core of the star, the spectra of WR stars are nearly impossible to interpret quantitatively, and the basic parameters — such as mass, luminosity, temperature, and chemical composition — are poorly determined.

We present here the first results of a grid of helium-carbon-oxygen models for Wolf-Rayet stars of the carbon sequence (WC). The models were calculated with a numerical code that assumes the basic considerations of the standard model.

Drainage or exhaust duct is one of the basic facilities designed as a system to meet community needs and is an important component in urban infrastructure planning. On the other hand, the channel can also be interpreted as an effort to control the quality of groundwater in relation to salinity, where drainage is one way of removing unwanted excess water in an area. From an agricultural point of view, drainage is also useful as a waterway that will flow into the community's rice fields, so it is an important infrastructure component in the process of planting rice in the fields. Samuti Rayeuk Village, Gandapura District, is one of the villages with land use conditions that are dominated by agriculture with the type of rice field utilization and community work being farmers, one of the important infrastructures for the concern of the local community is the unavailability of drainage in the community's rice fields. Samuti Rayeuk is a village assisted by the Faculty of Engineering, Almuslim University, which is the location for the Training of Making Lightweight Precast V-Ditch formwork. In some developed countries such as Japan, the use of precast has become the construction standard for drainage. Standards have been developed to ensure product quality and construction. In this community service activity, the Lecturers act as companions and also as instructors who assist in the implementation of making precast V-Ditch formwork starting from the selection of materials to be used, assembling, and finishing to completion. With this training, it is expected that it can increase community innovation for making channels for rice fields so as to improve the economy of the people of Samuti Rayeuk Village, Gandapura District and its surroundings.

Wolf-Rayet stars are rare and their basic properties such as mass, effective temperature, and luminosity are similar to those of 09 to B1 stars. the spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars from about 10 μm to 1000 Å consist of rather broad emission lines on a continuous spectrum. the continuous spectrum corresponds to effective temperatures in the range from 25000 to 30000 K (Underhill 1983b). A few shortward displaced absorption troughs appear and a few emission lines are flat topped. There is a strong infrared excess attributed to thermal bremsstrahlung (Cohen, Barlow, and Kuhi 1975), and there is rather strong 6 cm radiation (a fraction of a mJy from stars at distances of the order of 1500 pc), see for instance, Bieging, Abbott, and Churchwell (1982). the radio radiation can be attributed to thermal bremsstrahlung and to magnetic bremsstrahlung (cyclotron radiation), see Underhill (1983a). X rays have been measured from a few Wolf-Rayet stars (Sanders, et al. 1985).

The field of neuroorthopedics centers on chronic diseases demanding close clinical monitoring. We shall use several examples to show how the various noninvasive diagnostic instruments can be used to obtain insight into the central nervous system as well as into the musculoskeletal system and its morphology. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on the problem; that is, whether the method is to be applied for clinical use or for basic research. In this report we introduce various technical examination methods that are being used successfully in the fields of pediatrics, orthopedics, and neurology. The major examination instrument in pediatric diagnostics is sonography, which is being used in this report as a research instrument for the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, but which also gives insight into neurofunctional sequences. In orthopedics, pedography is used for diagnosing deformities of the feet. In neuroorthopedics for children pedography acts as a functional monitor for apraxia and thus allows, for example, a classification of the degree of neurological malfunctions in the lower extremities. The 3D bodyscan is used to minimize x-raying in patients with neurogenic scoliosis. This report introduces examples of the application of MRI and fMRI for basic research. The biometric measuring methods introduced provide precise data in the areas of diagnostics and monitoring and are highly valuable for further neuroorthopedic basic research. In future we expect the ever-evolving technical measuring methods to enable a deeper understanding of the primary neurological causes of and the implications for patients with cerebral palsy and other neuroorthopedic conditions. This may allow the development of new forms of therapy not necessarily predictable today.

AbstractWest Wadi El-Rayan is located in the Western Desert at about 140 km SE of Cairo. Also, it lies between Gindi basin to the east and Abu Gharadig basin to the west. In order to construct a 3D structural model and to delineate the subsurface structure styles of the area, seismic structural interpretation and structural restoration are used. The structural geometry within the area is inverted half-graben, since the area was controlled by reactivation of older faults. The magnitude of the inversion-related shortening in the study area was estimated and was suggested to be strong. The result of the strong inversion magnitude occurred toward northeast of the study area can be concluded that, the area suffered shortening and part of the Jurassic / Early Cretaceous normal faults are reactivated as reverse faults. Also the cap, the main reservoirs and the source rock sections are brought to the surface and thus breached, as well any previous mature source rock becoming non-generative where the dry wells are located. However, any less severe inversion structure in this case where producing wells are located that remain buried and will have a better chance or preserving the structure geometry and therefore top and lateral seal.

Obviously, the introduced Cultural and Creative Arts (CCA) subject curriculum for upper basic education has not yielded the laudable objectives as expected. This study therefore has x-rayed the problems militating against its effective implementation. A sample of sixty (60) music teachers of Universal Basic Education (UBE) 1-3, derived from the six (6) educational zones in Anambra State was used for the study. A structured questionnaire containing twenty seven (27) test items arranged in clusters was used for data gathering. The data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages and Chi Square (χ2) statistical inference techniques under competence, material, attitude, managerial and methodology clusters. It was found that when all the test items were collated, 81.5% of them negatively affected the introduction of CCA. A paltry 7.4% positively affected the introduction while 11.1% were insignificant test items. The problems adversely affecting the introduced CCA curriculum include insufficient and unqualified music teachers, non uniformity of standards, reduction of scope, insufficient time allocation, irrelevant contents in achieving objectives, inequality in distribution, scarcity of indigenous contents, insufficient practical, improper coordination, diffusion of sense of responsibility, inefficient harmonization, lack of evaluation details, lack of skills in playing musical instruments, etc. The study proffered possible solutions with a view towards achieving the basic education needs that resulted in the curriculum.

New spectrophotometric, photometric and polarimetric observations of V444 Cygni confirm the basic conclusion that the WN5 star has a small core radius (rc < 4 R⊙) and a high core temperature (Tc > 60 000 K), which are characteristic of massive helium stars. Values of rc < 3 — 6 R⊙ and Tc > 70 000 — 90 000 K for the core of the WN7 star in the Cygnus X-3 system agree well with this conclusion. A clumping structure of WR winds is suggested. X-ray observations of colliding winds in WR+O binaries suggest radial expansion and anomalous chemical composition of WR winds.

This review outlines the impact of observations across the spectrum (X-rays to radio) on our understanding of the basic physical, chemical, wind and mass loss properties of Wolf-Rayet stars. Optical spectropolarimetry indicates that ∼ 15% of the WR stars have anisotropic winds, whilst the majority have globally spherically symmetric outflows. All WR stars probably have winds structured (clumped) on the smaller scale as evidenced from: thermal radio spectral indices, optical-UV continuum/line/polarisation variablity and time-series spectroscopy, and the ubiquity of wind X-ray emission. ROSAT results indicate LX(WR) = 1031–33 ergs−1 with kT ≃ 0.3keV. WR mass loss rates may be lower than previously thought: mean, clumping-corrected rates from radio data yield M(WN) ≃ 3 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1 and M(WC) ≃ 2 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1. Analyses of UV-optical-IR spectra lead to good constraints on Teff and L/L⊙ and confirm the chemical separation of the WN and WC classes: WN stars show H-He-C-N abundances reflecting CNO-burning products, and WC(WO) stars show He-burning products. ISO data are confirming the H-deficiency of WC winds, and reveal a substantially enhanced Neon abundance in WC stars.

Man’s effort to provide food, shelter and other basic needs for the increasing human population have resulted in environmental consequences such as agricultural pollution. However, enough understanding of its impact has not been gained by the farmers to be able to address the problems. This paper therefore x-rayed the impact of agricultural pollution on the economic environment; reduction of soil flora and fauna, eutrophication, biomagnifications, rapid oxidation of mineral elements, global warming, blocking of water ways, health challenges, destruction of crops and farm animals, war and conflict, soil erosion and reduction of soil water, nutrients and air transmissions amongst others. Recommendations were consequently made to include laws and regulations that will strictly protect the economic environment, the use of biopesticide, herbicides zero tillage and environmental awareness to the rural population with low literacy level. Meeting the food needs of an ever-increasing global population is difficult but countries must meet the growing food needs while alleviating the effect on agricultural production on land-based ecosystem.

Phylogenetic classification is dependent upon confident ordering of character states that can be greatly facilitated if the earliest members of a clade are known and well understood. Unfortunately, one of the oldest known representatives of the camerate crinoid order Monobathrida is the problematic Mitrocrinus wetherbyi S. A. Miller and Gurley, 1894. It is problematic because it is a teratologic specimen with hexamerous symmetry and because its basic constructional design is more typical of middle to late Paleozoic monobathrids than of a Middle Ordovician monobathrid. A more advanced-looking construction does not preclude this crinoid from being the most primitive monobathrid a priori, but these two problems have relegated this taxon to an addendum in most classifications. Bather (1900, p. 203) included Mitrocrinus as an “incorrect or indeterminable name” by stating that it was “based on a six-rayed individual, probably abnormal, and a Periechocrinid or Carpocrinid” and Ubaghs (1978, p. T518) designated it as order, suborder, superfamily, and family uncertain.

The validity of four gudgeon species known for the ichthyofauna of North Macedonia has been a matter of different taxonomic disputes (except for Gobio ohridanus Karaman, 1924). Recently, a restoration of the species status was proposed for Gobio balcanicus Dimovski et Grupče, 1977 and Romanogobio banarescui (Dimovski et Grupče, 1974). So far, Romanogobio stankoi (Karaman, 1974), has not been a part of any recent investigation and it is still considered as a junior synonym of Romanogobio elimeius (Kattoulas, Stephanidis et Economidis, 1973) or R. banarescui due to the lack of distinctive morphological characters. The osteological characters in the structure of the vertebral column, have significance to the systematics of the gudgeons, especially in elevation of Romanogobio at the level of genus. To contribute to resolving the taxonomic status in these gudgeon species, the goal of this paper is to identify distinctive characters by presenting and analyzing the structure of their vertebral column. Samples were inspected from the fish collections in the Institute of Biology (G. ohridanus), the Institute of Animal Science (G. balcanicus), and the Macedonian Museum of Natural History (both Romanogobio species). Fish samples were X-rayed as well as cleared and double-stained. Obtained data on the number of vertebrae were presented through the vertebral formula following Naseka (1996). Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was used to check the interrelation between taxa and the number of vertebrae in all units of the vertebral column. G. balcanicus is distinguished from G. ohridanus mainly in the predorsal and preanal subregion (10 vs. 11 vertebrae and 1 vs. 0 vertebrae, respectively), while R. stankoi distinguishes from R. banarescui by the number of vertebrae in the preanal and postanal subregion (2 vs. 4 vertebrae and 19 vs. 17 vertebrae, respectively). The structure of vertebral column offers distinctive morphological characters for the four gudgeon species from Ohird Lake and the Vardar River basin.

AbstractThe lecture recalls great Manchester traditions in the mechanics of fluids and in related areas of mathematics which were brilliantly renewed from 1945 onwards through Sydney Goldstein’s work as Beyer Professor of Applied Mathematics. Goldstein brought to this important task not only his own personal distinction in those fields but also his great experience in leading interacting groups working in experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics with largely aeronautical objectives. The University has continued strongly to maintain these traditions.The lecture celebrates also two fine pieces of research where gifted biologists have successfully used certain key mathematical ideas and methods in the mechanics of fluids to solve problems of importance in the field of animal locomotion. The first example is the work of C. J. Pennycuick, J. M. V. Rayner and G. R. Spedding in determining the character of the vortex wake behind a steadily moving bird in horizontal flapping flight. Typically, this takes the form of a “concertina wake” of fluctuating width but approximately constant circulation, exerting forces which are greater in the downstroke (which sheds a wide wake) and less in the upstroke (which sheds a narrower wake). Some notable advantages of the concertina wake are indicated.Finally, work by Sir Eric Denton, Sir John Gray and Dr J. H. S. Blaxter on schooling behaviour in herrings and other clupeoid fishes is described. These fishes’ mechanisms for advantageously maintaining well coordinated motion of the school as a whole depend not only on eye vision but also on certain specialised organs admirably fitted to the sensing of hydrodynamic pressure fields (associated with the motions of other fishes) and of their lateral and longitudinal gradients.

The objectives aimed to revision the current situation of the Nipa forest area according to land use as well as the direct and indirect value of use from Nipa palm in the Eastern-Coastal Watershed. From the study, the Nipa forest area in the East-Coast Gulf of Rayong, Chanthaburi, and Trat have a total area of 0.295 km2, which covers the basin of Chanthaburi, Prasae, Trat, and Welu Sub-watershed. Interview and group discussion have been collected from 398 households. The result confirms that 53% of total household income is generated from nipa forest productivity such as fishes, crabs and prawn, whereas aquacultural and non-farm incomes were originating to 28% and 19% of total income, respectively. The result succeeds that revenue from the Nipa forest as fish, crab, prawn and nipa product is 36%, 28%, 9% and 27%, respectively. Therefore, the results established that local source of revenue generally relies on the Nipa forest ecosystem. Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm) are significant sources of subsistence to people who living in riparian and coastal zone in the eastern coast basin of Thailand. Local peoples have traditionally managed the Nipa palm service for the sources of food and construction materials. The result show that Income from the gathering of nipa was the foremost income source (53.8 %) as the raw material to make the products. The most important of nipa utilization, 36 % were made of nipa roof, 28% were made of tobacco wrap, 22% of houses were made of dessert and wrapped it by nipa leaves. Only Nipa palm product was 2,425.72 U.S. dollar/year (equal to 75,786 bath/year) Fisheries value from the Nipa forest, fish were the main product (358.48 U.S. dollar/year) which followed by shrimp that the value was 336.08 U.S. dollar/year and the average income from fisheries was 1,009.2 U.S. dollar/year. Therefore, results approved that local source of revenue generally related on the Nipa forest ecosystem. Local people thought that, nipa area have been decreased. (88%) due to the disturbance of Nipa forest. the majority cause of degradation due to capitalist exploitation. Most of respondent (74%) were surveillance and notification to the local government to conservation Nipa forest and the management of Nipa forest resources could be take the awareness to their family (68%). Increased nipa area in the village or community forest (22%) and access to the schedule to collect the natural product from Nipa forest (7%), the respondents are willing to participate in determining the time to harvest Nipa product and require the government to support, promote, and provide training to produce products from Nipa Palm.

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica &times; Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 &times; NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 &times; NC26 with 18% of viable seeds.

Wannan takarda mai taken, “Hjirar Adabi: Tsakaci a kan Wasu Waqoqin Baka na Hausa a Qasar Libiya,” wani yunquri ne na fito da yadda adabin wata al’umma yake yin hijira daga wata qasa zuwa wata. A cikin takardar, an yi tsokaci a kan yadda maza da matasan wata al’ummar Hausawa da ke qasar Libiya suke rera waqoqin Hausa, waxanda kuma suke bayyana irin halayen rayuwarsu. An yi amfani da ra’in bincike na Nazarin Qwaqqwafi wanda aka xora shi a kan waqoqin don a yi tsokaci kuma a fito da irin saqonnin da waqoqin suke xauke da su, ta hanyar yin fashin baqin wasu muhimman kalmomin da ke cikinsu. An lura da yawancin waqoqin suna da sigar na baka na yara masu amshin “iyee rayee diidee,” waxanda ‘yan mata ko samari ke rerawa a wasan dandali ko lokacin bukukuwansu. Haka kuma, ana amfani da kayan kixa ne da amshinsu ta fuskoki guda biyu. Akwai waxansu da ake rerawa da jagora da ‘yan amshi. Akwai kuma waxansu da ake rerawa tare, gaba xaya.

Urgency of the research. Integration of Ukraine into European Area actualizes a necessity to improve efficiency of management in all spheres of national economic system, including its important element – rural economy. Target setting. The authors prove feasibility of implementing the European principles of development of rural economy from the perspective of ensuring overall economic growth of Ukraine, justify the need of improvement of national legislative and institutional support for the concept of rural development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issue of rural development in the system of European integration of Ukraine is deeply studied by O. Borodina, O. Popov, I. Prokopa [1] T. Ostashko [2], Y. Malko [3], L. Nikitina [4], A. Uzhva [5], R. Hine, K. Ingersent, A. Rayner [6] and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The determinants of formation, possibilities and peculiarities of adaptation as well as strategic guidelines for development of rural economy in Ukraine in the context of the gradual implementation of European experience are not defined at the theoretical and methodological level. The research objective.To consider the main provisions of the Strategy for the development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine for the period up to 2020. To develop a modern model of the formation and strategic forecast for the development of rural economy in Ukraine taking into consideration the peculiarities of the policy of rural development, defining its key positions with the substantiation of the determinants of implementation. The statement of basic materials. The model defines the main priorities and objectives of development via convergence with European modernity, in particular by providing proper conditions of life of the population in rural areas, improving the quality of human capital, the efficiency of agricultural production, enhancement of participation of rural society in it, and preservation of environment. Conclusions. All this emphasizes feasibility and effectiveness of the implementation of the basic principles of the European practice and realization of the provisions of domestic legislative and institutional support of rural development.

The stereochemistry of 3a, one of the 2-acetyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylcyclohexenones, obtained by rearrangement of 2,3-diacetyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclopentenone, 2a, under basic conditions, was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. An ORTEP plot shows the configuration of (5RS,6RS)-2-acetyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylcyclohexenone and the presence of a conjugated chelated system involving the H-bonding between O(3)… H(31) and H(31)… O(2).Crystals of 3a are triclinic, a = 10.979(4), b = 7.766(3), c = 6.382(3) Å, α = 86.23(2), β = 72.86(1), γ = 88.23(2)°, Z = 2, space group [Formula: see text]. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.036 and Rw = 0.039 for 1324 reflections with I > 3σ(I).The structure of 3a consists of centrosymmetric dimers which contain a nearly planar bicyclic system of a cyclohexenone moiety and a chelated system (Scheme 2).The pathway of the reaction allows one to put forward some hypothesis on the stereochemistry of some analogues of the cyclohexenones 3a and 3b.Faisant appel à la diffraction des rayons-X, on a déterminé la stéréochimie du composé 3a, une des acétyl-2 trihydroxy-3,5,6 diméthyl-5,6 cyclohexénones obtenues par une transposition de la diacétyl-2,3 hydroxy-4 méthyl-4 cyclopenténone, 2a, en milieu alcalin. Une courbe ORTEP démontre que la configuration est (5RS,6RS) pour l'acétyl-2 trihydroxy-3,5,6 diméthyl-5,6 cyclohexénone et qu'il existe un système de chélation conjugué impliquant des liaisons hydrogènes entre O(3)… H(31) et H(31)… O(2).

The study x-rayed the implementation of 20 Community Based Early Childhood Care centers purposively selected in Bauchi and Gombe states. The aim of the study was to ascertain the situation in the centers regarding enrolment, quality and quantity of learning facilities, equipment, and teachers. A descriptive research design with three research questions guided the study using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected through the use of enrolment proforma, questionnaire and observation checklist. The data was analyzed using frequency counts and charts. The major findings show high level of enrolment of male and female children in all the centers with no significant difference between the male and female children. There was collaboration between SUBEBs, communities and UNICEF in the establishment of the centers. Indoor and outdoor learning materials were grossly inadequate across the 20 CBECC centers in the 2 states. Learning centers provided by the communities were inadequate and not conducive for effective learning while basic facilities like toilets and sources of portable water were lacking in most of the centers. Most of the teachers have NCE as their highest qualifications but not related to Early Childhood Education and their number is inadequate. In order to improve on the quality, relevant workshops were organized for some of them by UNICEF. Recommendations made among which is the need for more collaboration between the communities and other relevant stakeholders to raise more funds to ensure a more child friendly environment in the CBECC centers.

English Language has become the lingua franca in so many societies all over the world. Thus, this research paper is based on the investigation of the status of English language vis-a-vis its teaching and learning in (ESL) society. Its teaching and learning in such society were x-rayed with the view of finding out the challenges through the analysis of our data (West African Examinations Council’s results). Reasons why users (students) of the language perform poorly/unsatisfactorily in its assessment, compared to their performances in other subjects at the certificate level were also revealed through this research work. The validity of WAEC records justifies its choice for this work and it gives an insight into the actual performance of the users of the language, hence its veracity. Working within the Linguistic framework, this study considers the Sociolinguistic approach in the interpretation of the data. Our basic findings show that the English Language plays some significant roles in any ESL society and learning the language is not without its numerous challenges. This paper concludes that English language teaching and learning in non-native speakers’ society has some challenges despite its crucial place. Besides, the performance of nonnative speakers/users as seen in our data, the prospects of English Language in ESL society cannot be overestimated in terms of its indispensability for national development. Thus, the would-be teachers in schools should be adequately trained and well equipped with necessary and modern trends in the subject. Good reading materials should also be made available and affordable for the students.

There is this colonial mentality among the first generation graduates in Nigeria where there has been a craze for white collar office work alone. In recent times, the Nigeria graduates have faced a lot of frustrations from lack of achieving the white collar job so to speak. This paper is advocating the adoption of re-positioning the economic development and entrepreneurial drive for job creation, wealth creation and global competitiveness of Nigeria youths and graduates. The basic truce of this paper is to enhance a match between theory and practice as facilitated by research and development centers in the Nigerian universities to serve as a technology laboratory and incubate entrepreneurship skills. The entrepreneurship education as a compulsory course in some Nigerian university system is actually viewed as a means to empower the youths through entrepreneurship education. The paper critically looked at the role of entrepreneurship education. The purpose is to equip the individual and create the mindset to undertake the risk of venturing into applying the knowledge and skills gotten from school. Other issues like the provision of individuals with enough training to enable creativity and innovation relevant to skill acquisition to encourage self-employment and self-reliant were x-rayed. Some techniques like industrial training exercise, workshop and seminar, excursion as a vehicle in the youth empowerment and eradication of poverty and extreme hardship were mentioned. Challenges like inadequate funding, lack of training personnel and men availability of equipment were identified as issues facing entrepreneurship education. Recommendations like entrepreneurial base curriculum at all levels of education, provision of enabling environment for entrepreneurial development required for economic advancement and youth empowerment should be the key focus in Nigeria for youths and graduates from various tertiary schools as applicable.

Abstract Ibrahim W.A.L., Busse P. 2012. Migration of passerines through some protected areas in theeastern part of Egypt. Ring 34: 69-205. The fieldwork - catching and ringing birds using mist-nets - were conducted at several sites during both spring and autumn migration seasons in 2001-2008. These sites were: Burullus Protected Area, Wadi El Rayan Protected Area, Hurghada, Sharm El Shiekh (Ras Mohamed National Park), Saluga and Ghazala Protected Area and Wadi El Gemal Protected Area. Altogether 21 site/seasons were covered (9 in spring and 12 autumn). In the most cases the work in a season lasted 1-2 months and the timing of work was not standardized. This make the results not exactly compatible, but still this is a first so wide study of the mainly passerine migration over the area. The aim of this paper is to make accessible the basic information on passerine migration there. Some non-passerines, that are more easily caught with mist-nets or that are caught ocassionally are listed too. Altogether 19 748 individuals of 117 species were ringed in spring and 11 238 individuals in autumn. The data are presented in the text as faunistics style lists of birds caught in spring and autumn separately, as tables of birds ringed at stations and those that show relative abundance and dominance of species and in Appendices I and II (for spring and autumn) as maps with average numbers per station and as seasonal number dynamics - total for seasons and yearly, if possible. The data included in the paper are treated as a source information about migration over the area studied, while the more detailed data about migration pattern, measurements, stopover ecology will be evaluated in next papers being under preparation.

Background: Public awareness is a key element in the management of depression, public awareness campaigns have contributed to the improvement of public knowledge attitudes, and to reduction of stigma towards depression. Aim: The aim is to identify public awareness towards depression and to estimate prevalence of depression among participants Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, this study was conducted in (West Bay Health Center, Al-Rayan Health Center and Al-Dayen Health Center) affiliated to Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar, it included all selected patients attending three randomly chosen health centers, with total response rate representing 82 % with total sample size 316 participant conducted during from January to March 2021, self-administered validated questionnaire including basic demographic data, awareness about symptoms of depression, risk factors, attitudes, treatment and help seeking behaviors also completing the PHQ-9 screening for depression questionnaire. Results: The general awareness about depression among participants lies within the range of 48% to 95.7%, participants attitudes towards depression revealing that good attitudes regard willing to work with depressed people (88.9%) and willing to make friends with them ( 82% ) while 39.4% agree to marry from them, participants preferences regard whom to seek advice regard depression revealing that in order psychologist (89.1%) then psychiatrist (87.8%) while family physicians (66.7%), PHQ-9 score among participants revealing average prevalence of depression reaching 19.7% at the cut point score of 10 with males reaching 17% and females 20.7%. Conclusions: Generally, in Qatar the level of public awareness of depression among participants was acceptable and they had positive attitudes towards depressed people also there is some statistical significant awareness results related to females in comparison to males. However, further efforts must be done to build public health educational programs related to depression in order to further raise its awareness in the community.

Context. The variability of the Wolf-Rayet star EZ CMa has been documented for close to half a century, and a clear periodicity of ∼3.7 days is established. However, all attempts to prove that it is a binary have failed because the photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric variations are not coherent over more than a few orbital cycles. Aims. In this Letter we show that the lack of coherence in the variability can be explained with a very rapid apsidal motion in a binary orbit. Methods. We measured the times of minima in a recently published exceptionally long photometric light curve obtained by the Toronto BRITE satellite. The apsidal motion and the system eccentricity are determined from the length of the time intervals between these minima, which alternate in their duration, following a pattern that is clearly associated with apsidal motion. These minima are superposed on brightness enhancements of the emission from a shock zone, which occur at about the times of periastron phases. Results. We determine the orbital periodicity, Pa = 3.63 d, and the period of the apsidal motion, U ≃ 100 d, which together yield an average sidereal period of Ps = 3.77 d. The eccentricity is found to be close to 0.1. The rate of periapsis retreat changes significantly over the period of observation and is determined to be −16° P−1a at the beginning of the observing period and −10° P−1a at the end. Conclusions. We demonstrate that by introducing a fast apsidal motion, the basic photometric variability is very well explained. The binary nature of EZ CMa is now established. This might imply that other apparently single Wolf-Rayet stars that emit hard X-rays, similar to EZ CMa, are also binaries.

For many years, medical professionals have relied on limited technology to locate the veins within their patients, however, this method has proven less effective for pediatric and elderly patients [1]. We propose a low-cost handheld scanner that determines the dorsal vein locations of a hand and uses the venous patterns to identify the patient. A hand dorsal vein pattern makes an excellent patient identification method in clinics or hospitals with more complex situations, as wearing personal protective equipment such as a mask can make it difficult to identify patients. The system also offers basic biological information about the patient, such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. The scanner consists of 36 LEDs of red wavelength (625 nm) and NIR (near-infrared) wavelength (850 nm) which are used to display the dorsal vascular system. LED strips are incorporated into a 3D-printed jig that can be comfortably held by the patient. NIR LEDs are used as they are highly absorbed by oxygenated hemoglobin in the bloodstream, thus making veins more visible [2]. A webcam is used to capture the vascular pattern, which is then transferred and stored to the laptop computer for image processing and pattern recognition. The captured image is then processed through an algorithm consisting of multiple stages of filters to display dilated binary images of the vein patterns of the hand. As the light penetration rate of each patient's hand varies due to differences in skin color, thickness, and size, the scanner actively adjusts the intensity of the LEDs to increase the contrast of vein patterns. The images captured with different intensities of LED lights were subsequently analyzed using the algorithm developed to evaluate the ability to detect hand venous patterns. In summary, we have developed a device and programmed an algorithm for processing an image of the dorsal venous network of the hand in real-time considering all possible hand characteristics. This device offers a new technological advancement for the medical field that could greatly benefit procedures used for vein finding in clinical settings in the future. References [1] V. M. Naik, S. S. P. Mantha, and B. K. Rayani, Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 63, 737-745 (2019) [2] A. Madrid García and P. R. Horche, Results in Physics, 11, 975-983 (2018) Figure 1

In this study, it's examined reasons for executive selection based on data is obtain in Turkish Financial Sector context. Executive selection as an organizational behavior is extensively studied from perspective of contingency theory, resource dependency theory, institutional theory and agency theory. According to the theory of contingency, executive selection decisions depends on the characteristics of executives or performance of executives. On the other hand agency theory perspective sees executives aspects of agency cost. in terms of resource dependency theory, those organizational behaviors are explained by organizations need to manage dependencies. According to resource dependence theory, organizations that are dependent on environmental actors in order to gain power and control provide executive selection. As an intangable asset and strategic tool Corporate Reputation is defined by Fombrun (1996: 70) as " a perceptual representation of a company's past actions and future reprospects that describes the firm's overall appeal to all of its key constituents when compared with other leading rivals". So Corporate Reputation effects its relationship with all stakeholders and it is essential for its survival (Rose, 2004). Leadership and vision is one of the compotent of Corporate Reputation and an important dimension of Reputation measurement. in the Fortune, Management Today, Financial Times, Rayner (2001), Reputation Quotient and Reputex Social Responsibility Ratings (Bebbington, Larrinaga- Moneva 2008), Management quality and leadership is one of the elements that is focused on evaluation and measurement of the construct. Similarly, in different reputation raking surveys such as Reputation Quotient, Fortune, Capital and Good reputatin index, quality of management is a basic criteria for Corporate Reputation. As leadership and vision can make the organization gain more reputation in the eyes of the stakeholders, a crisis created by the leader can also yield to the loss of the Reputation (Okur ve Akpınar, 2012). Leaders and top management are the most visible people and they represent their companies in all areas. Therefore for the companies want to build a good reputation, protect and development it successfully, leaders and top management is essential. They are expected to hire managers and leaders who contrubute company's Corporate Reputation. Moreover, they are expected to establish selecting criterias that approprate to this aims for management or leader positions. The paper draws on both quantitative and qualititative analyses. Firstly it reveals the demographic profile of executives. Secondly, it applies a discourses analysis of interviews of 82 managers gathered from company magazines or other published materials. According to the results of the study, it is observed that selecting process of candidates for executives of firms heavily takes into account the prestige of the school they graduated and worked in the past. Further, gender is also considered as a matter corporate reputation in this selection process; %92 of executive positions are occupied by men.

Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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We’ll have trouble now!The Archaeological Society of Jutland was founded on Sunday, 11 March 1951. As with most projects with which P.V Glob was involved, this did not pass off without drama. Museum people and amateur archaeologists in large numbers appeared at the Museum of Natural History in Aarhus, which had placed rooms at our disposal. The notable dentist Holger Friis, the uncrowned king of Hjørring, was present, as was Dr Balslev from Aidt, Mr and Mrs Overgaard from Holstebro Museum, and the temperamental leader of Aalborg Historical Museum, Peter Riismøller, with a number of his disciples. The staff of the newly-founded Prehistoric Museum functioned as the hosts, except that one of them was missing: the instigator of the whole enterprise, Mr Glob. As the time for the meeting approached, a cold sweat broke out on the foreheads of the people present. Finally, just one minute before the meeting was to start, he arrived and mounted the platform. Everything then went as expected. An executive committee was elected after some discussion, laws were passed, and then suddenly Glob vanished again, only to materialise later in the museum, where he confided to us that his family, which included four children, had been enlarged by a daughter.That’s how the society was founded, and there is not much to add about this. However, a few words concerning the background of the society and its place in a larger context may be appropriate. A small piece of museum history is about to be unfolded.The story begins at the National Museum in the years immediately after World War II, at a time when the German occupation and its incidents were still terribly fresh in everyone’s memory. Therkel Mathiassen was managing what was then called the First Department, which covered the prehistoric periods.Although not sparkling with humour, he was a reliable and benevolent person. Number two in the order of precedence was Hans Christian Broholm, a more colourful personality – awesome as he walked down the corridors, with his massive proportions and a voice that sounded like thunder when nothing seemed to be going his way, as quite often seemed to be the case. Glob, a relatively new museum keeper, was also quite loud at times – his hot-blooded artist’s nature manifested itself in peculiar ways, but his straight forward appearance made him popular with both the older and the younger generations. His somewhat younger colleague C.J. Becker was a scholar to his fingertips, and he sometimes acted as a welcome counterbalance to Glob. At the bottom of the hierarchy was the student group, to which I belonged. The older students handled various tasks, including periodic excavations. This was paid work, and although the salary was by no means princely, it did keep us alive. Student grants were non-existent at the time. Four of us made up a team: Olfert Voss, Mogens Ørsnes, Georg Kunwald and myself. Like young people in general, we were highly discontented with the way our profession was being run by its ”ruling” members, and we were full of ideas for improvement, some of which have later been – or are being – introduced.At the top of our wish list was a central register, of which Voss was the strongest advocate. During the well over one hundred years that archaeology had existed as a professional discipline, the number of artefacts had grown to enormous amounts. The picture was even worse if the collections of the provincial museums were taken into consideration. We imagined how it all could be registered in a card index and categorised according to groups to facilitate access to references in any particular situation. Electronic data processing was still unheard of in those days, but since the introduction of computers, such a comprehensive record has become more feasible.We were also sceptical of the excavation techniques used at the time – they were basically adequate, but they badly needed tightening up. As I mentioned before, we were often working in the field, and not just doing minor jobs but also more important tasks, so we had every opportunity to try out our ideas. Kunwald was the driving force in this respect, working with details, using sections – then a novelty – and proceeding as he did with a thoroughness that even his fellow students found a bit exaggerated at times, although we agreed with his principles. Therkel Mathiassen moaned that we youngsters were too expensive, but he put up with our excesses and so must have found us somewhat valuable. Very valuable indeed to everyon e was Ejnar Dyggve’s excavation of the Jelling mounds in the early 1940s. From a Danish point of view, it was way ahead of its time.Therkel Mathiassen justly complained about the economic situation of the National Museum. Following the German occupation, the country was impoverished and very little money was available for archaeological research: the total sum available for the year 1949 was 20,000 DKK, which corresponded to the annual income of a wealthy man, and was of course absolutely inadequate. Of course our small debating society wanted this sum to be increased, and for once we didn’t leave it at the theoretical level.Voss was lucky enough to know a member of the Folketing (parliament), and a party leader at that. He was brought into the picture, and between us we came up with a plan. An article was written – ”Preserve your heritage” (a quotation from Johannes V. Jensen’s Denmark Song) – which was sent to the newspaper Information. It was published, and with a little help on our part the rest of the media, including radio, picked up the story.We informed our superiors only at the last minute, when everything was arranged. They were taken by surprise but played their parts well, as expected, and everything went according to plan. The result was a considerable increase in excavation funds the following year.It should be added that our reform plans included the conduct of exhibitions. We found the traditional way of presenting the artefacts lined up in rows and series dull and outdated. However, we were not able to experiment within this field.Our visions expressed the natural collision with the established ways that comes with every new generation – almost as a law of nature, but most strongly when the time is ripe. And this was just after the war, when communication with foreign colleagues, having been discontinued for some years, was slowly picking up again. The Archaeological Society of Jutland was also a part of all this, so let us turn to what Hans Christian Andersen somewhat provocatively calls the ”main country”.Until 1949, only the University of Copenhagen provided a degree in prehistoric archaeology. However, in this year, the University of Aarhus founded a chair of archaeology, mainly at the instigation of the Lord Mayor, Svend Unmack Larsen, who was very in terested in archaeology. Glob applied for the position and obtained it, which encompassed responsibility for the old Aarhus Museum or, as it was to be renamed, the Prehistoric Museum (now Moesgaard Museum).These were landmark events to Glob – and to me, as it turned out. We had been working together for a number of years on the excavation of Galgebakken (”Callows Hill”) near Slots Bjergby, Glob as the excavation leader, and I as his assistant. He now offered me the job of museum curator at his new institution. This was somewhat surprising as I had not yet finished my education. The idea was that I was to finish my studies in remote Jutland – a plan that had to be given up rather quickly, though, for reasons which I will describe in the following. At the same time, Gunner Lange-Kornbak – also hand-picked from the National Museum – took up his office as a conservation officer.The three of us made up the permanent museum staff, quickly supplemented by Geoffrey Bibby, who turned out to be an invaluable colleague. He was English and had been stationed in the Faeroe Islands during the war, where he learned to speak Danish. After 1945 he worked for some years for an oil company in the Gulf of Persia, but after marrying Vibeke, he settled in her home town of Aarhus. As his academic background had involved prehistoric cultures he wanted to collaborate with the museum, which Glob readily permitted.This small initial flock governed by Glob was not permitted to indulge inidleness. Glob was a dynamic character, full of good and not so good ideas, but also possessing a good grasp of what was actually practicable. The boring but necessary daily work on the home front was not very interesting to him, so he willingly handed it over to others. He hardly noticed the lack of administrative machinery, a prerequisite for any scholarly museum. It was not easy to follow him on his flights of fancy and still build up the necessary support base. However, the fact that he in no way spared himself had an appeasing effect.Provincial museums at that time were of a mixed nature. A few had trained management, and the rest were run by interested locals. This was often excellently done, as in Esbjerg, where the master joiner Niels Thomsen and a staff of volunteers carried out excavations that were as good as professional investigations, and published them in well-written articles. Regrettably, there were also examples of the opposite. A museum curator in Jutland informed me that his predecessor had been an eager excavator but very rarely left any written documentation of his actions. The excavated items were left without labels in the museum store, often wrapped in newspapers. However, these gave a clue as to the time of unearthing, and with a bit of luck a look in the newspaper archive would then reveal where the excavation had taken place. Although somewhat exceptional, this is not the only such case.The Museum of Aarhus definitely belonged among the better ones in this respect. Founded in 1861, it was at first located at the then town hall, together with the local art collection. The rooms here soon became too cramped, and both collections were moved to a new building in the ”Mølleparken” park. There were skilful people here working as managers and assistants, such as Vilhelm Boye, who had received his archaeological training at the National Museum, and later the partners A. Reeh, a barrister, and G.V. Smith, a captain, who shared the honour of a number of skilfully performed excavations. Glob’s predecessor as curator was the librarian Ejler Haugsted, also a competent man of fine achievements. We did not, thus, take over a museum on its last legs. On the other hand, it did not meet the requirements of a modern scholarly museum. We were given the task of turning it into such a museum, as implied by the name change.The goal was to create a museum similar to the National Museum, but without the faults and shortcomings that that museum had developed over a period of time. In this respect our nightly conversations during our years in Copenhagen turned out to be useful, as our talk had focused on these imperfections and how to eradicate them.We now had the opportunity to put our theories into practice. We may not have succeeded in doing so, but two areas were essentially improved:The numerous independent numbering systems, which were familiar to us from the National Museum, were permeating archaeological excavation s not only in the field but also during later work at the museum. As far as possible this was boiled down to a single system, and a new type of report was born. (In this context, a ”report” is the paper following a field investigation, comprising drawings, photos etc. and describing the progress of the work and the observations made.) The instructions then followed by the National Museum staff regarding the conduct of excavations and report writing went back to a 19th-century protocol by the employee G.V. Blom. Although clear and rational – and a vast improvement at the time – this had become outdated. For instance, the excavation of a burial mound now involved not only the middle of the mound, containing the central grave and its surrounding artefacts, but the complete structure. A large number of details that no one had previously paid attention to thus had to be included in the report. It had become a comprehensive and time-consuming work to sum up the desultory notebook records in a clear and understandable description.The instructions resulting from the new approach determined a special records system that made it possible to transcribe the notebook almost directly into a report following the excavation. The transcription thus contained all the relevant information concerning the in vestigation, and included both relics and soil layers, the excavation method and practical matters, although in a random order. The report proper could then bereduced to a short account containing references to the numbers in the transcribed notebook, which gave more detailed information.As can be imagined, the work of reform was not a continuous process. On the contrary, it had to be done in our spare hours, which were few and far between with an employer like Glob. The assignments crowded in, and the large Jutland map that we had purchased was as studded with pins as a hedge hog’s spines. Each pin represented an inuninent survey, and many of these grew into small or large excavations. Glob himself had his lecture duties to perform, and although he by no means exaggerated his concern for the students, he rarely made it further than to the surveys. Bibby and I had to deal with the hard fieldwork. And the society, once it was established, did not make our lives any easier. Kuml demanded articles written at lightning speed. A perusal of my then diary has given me a vivid recollection of this hectic period, in which I had to make use of the evening and night hours, when the museum was quiet and I had a chance to collect my thoughts. Sometimes our faithful supporter, the Lord Mayor, popped in after an evening meeting. He was extremely interested in our problems, which were then solved according to our abilities over a cup of instant coffee.A large archaeological association already existed in Denmark. How ever, Glob found it necessary to establish another one which would be less oppressed by tradition. Det kongelige nordiske Oldsskriftselskab had been funded in 1825 and was still influenced by different peculiarities from back then. Membership was not open to everyone, as applications were subject to recommendation from two existing members and approval by a vote at one of the monthly lecture meetings. Most candidates were of course accepted, but unpopular persons were sometimes rejected. In addition, only men were admitted – women were banned – but after the war a proposal was brought forward to change this absurdity. It was rejected at first, so there was a considerable excitement at the January meeting in 1951, when the proposal was once again placed on the agenda. The poor lecturer (myself) did his best, although he was aware of the fact that just this once it was the present and not the past which was the focus of attention. The result of the voting was not very courteous as there were still many opponents, but the ladies were allowed in, even if they didn’t get the warmest welcome.In Glob’s society there were no such restrictions – everyone was welcome regardless of sex or age. If there was a model for the society, it was the younger and more progressive Norwegian Archaeological Society rather than the Danish one. The main purpose of both societies was to produce an annual publication, and from the start Glob’s Kuml had a closer resemblance to the Norwegian Viking than to the Danish Aarbøger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie. The name of the publication caused careful consideration. For a long time I kept a slip of paper with different proposals, one of which was Kuml, which won after having been approved by the linguist Peter Skautrup.The name alone, however, was not enough, so now the task became to find so mething to fill Kuml with. To this end the finds came in handy, and as for those, Glob must have allied him self with the higher powers, since fortune smiled at him to a considerable extent. Just after entering upon his duties in Aarhus, an archaeological sensation landed at his feet. This happened in May 1950 when I was still living in the capital. A few of us had planned a trip to Aarhus, partly to look at the relics of th e past, and partly to visit our friend, the professor. He greeted us warmly and told us the exciting news that ten iron swords had been found during drainage work in the valley of lllerup Aadal north of the nearby town of Skanderborg. We took the news calmly as Glob rarely understated his affairs, but our scepticism was misplaced. When we visited the meadow the following day and carefully examined the dug-up soil, another sword appeared, as well as several spear and lance heads, and other iron artefacts. What the drainage trench diggers had found was nothing less than a place of sacrifice for war booty, like the four large finds from the 1800s. When I took up my post in Aarhus in September of that year I was granted responsibility for the lllerup excavation, which I worked on during the autumn and the following six summers. Some of my best memories are associated with this job – an interesting and happy time, with cheerful comradeship with a mixed bunch of helpers, who were mainly archaeology students. When we finished in 1956, it was not because the site had been fully investigated, but because the new owner of the bog plot had an aversion to archaeologists and their activities. Nineteen years later, in 1975, the work was resumed, this time under the leadership of Jørgen Ilkjær, and a large amount of weaponry was uncovered. The report from the find is presently being published.At short intervals, the year 1952 brought two finds of great importance: in Februar y the huge vessel from Braa near Horsens, and in April the Grauballe Man. The large Celtic bronze bowl with the bulls’ heads was found disassembled, buried in a hill and covered by a couple of large stones. Thanks to the finder, the farmer Søren Paaske, work was stopped early enough to leave areas untouched for the subsequent examination.The saga of the Grauballe Man, or the part of it that we know, began as a rumour on the 26th of April: a skeleton had been found in a bog near Silkeborg. On the following day, which happened to be a Sunday, Glob went off to have a look at the find. I had other business, but I arrived at the museum in the evening with an acquaintance. In my diary I wrote: ”When we came in we had a slight shock. On the floor was a peat block with a corpse – a proper, well-preserved bog body. Glob brought it. ”We’ll be in trouble now.” And so we were, and Glob was in high spirits. The find created a sensation, which was also thanks to the quick presentation that we mounted. I had purchased a tape recorder, which cost me a packet – not a small handy one like the ones you get nowadays, but a large monstrosity with a steel tape (it was, after all, early days for this device) – and assisted by several experts, we taped a number of short lectures for the benefit of the visitors. People flocked in; the queue meandered from the exhibition room, through the museum halls, and a long way down the street. It took a long wait to get there, but the visitors seemed to enjoy the experience. The bog man lay in his hastily – procured exhibition case, which people circled around while the talking machine repeatedly expressed its words of wisdom – unfortunately with quite a few interruptions as the tape broke and had to be assembled by hand. Luckily, the tape recorders now often used for exhibitions are more dependable than mine.When the waves had died down and the exhibition ended, the experts examined the bog man. He was x-rayed at several points, cut open, given a tooth inspection, even had his fingerprints taken. During the autopsy there was a small mishap, which we kept to ourselves. However, after almost fifty years I must be able to reveal it: Among the organs removed for investigation was the liver, which was supposedly suitable for a C-14 dating – which at the time was a new dating method, introduced to Denmark after the war. The liver was sent to the laboratory in Copenhagen, and from here we received a telephone call a few days later. What had been sent in for examination was not the liver, but the stomach. The unfortunate (and in all other respects highly competent) Aarhus doctor who had performed the dissection was cal1ed in again. During another visit to the bogman’s inner parts he brought out what he believed to be the real liver. None of us were capable of deciding th is question. It was sent to Copenhagen at great speed, and a while later the dating arrived: Roman Iron Age. This result was later revised as the dating method was improved. The Grauballe Man is now thought to have lived before the birth of Christ.The preservation of the Grauballe Man was to be conservation officer Kornbak’s masterpiece. There were no earlier cases available for reference, so he invented a new method, which was very successful. In the first volumes of Kuml, society members read about the exiting history of the bog body and of the glimpses of prehistoric sacrificial customs that this find gave. They also read about the Bahrain expeditions, which Glob initiated and which became the apple of his eye. Bibby played a central role in this, as it was he who – at an evening gathering at Glob’s and Harriet’s home in Risskov – described his stay on the Persian Gulf island and the numerous burial mounds there. Glob made a quick decision (one of his special abilities was to see possibilities that noone else did, and to carry them out successfully to everyone’s surprise) and in December 1952 he and Bibby left for the Gulf, unaware of the fact that they were thereby beginning a series of expeditions which would continue for decades. Again it was Glob’s special genius that was the decisive factor. He very quickly got on friendly terms with the rulers of the small sheikhdoms and interested them in their past. As everyone knows, oil is flowing plentifully in those parts. The rulers were thus financially powerful and some of this wealth was quickly diverted to the expeditions, which probably would not have survived for so long without this assistance. To those of us who took part in them from time to time, the Gulf expeditions were an unforgettable experience, not just because of the interesting work, but even more because of the contact with the local population, which gave us an insight into local manners and customs that helped to explain parts of our own country’s past which might otherwise be difficult to understand. For Glob and the rest of us did not just get close to the elite: in spite of language problems, our Arab workers became our good friends. Things livened up when we occasionally turned up in their palm huts.Still, co-operating with Glob was not always an easy task – the sparks sometimes flew. His talent of initiating things is of course undisputed, as are the lasting results. He was, however, most attractive when he was in luck. Attention normally focused on this magnificent person whose anecdotes were not taken too seriously, but if something went wrong or failed to work out, he could be grossly unreasonable and a little too willing to abdicate responsibility, even when it was in fact his. This might lead to violent arguments, but peace was always restored. In 1954, another museum curator was attached to the museum: Poul Kjærum, who was immediately given the important task of investigating the dolmen settlement near Tustrup on Northern Djursland. This gave important results, such as the discovery of a cult house, which was a new and hitherto unknown Stone Age feature.A task which had long been on our mind s was finally carried out in 1955: constructing a new display of the museum collections. The old exhibitio n type consisted of numerous artefacts lined up in cases, accompaied ony by a brief note of the place where it was found and the type – which was the standard then. This type of exhibition did not give much idea of life in prehistoric times.We wanted to allow the finds to speak for themselves via the way that they were arranged, and with the aid of models, photos and drawings. We couldn’t do without texts, but these could be short, as people would understand more by just looking at the exhibits. Glob was in the Gulf at the time, so Kjærum and I performed the task with little money but with competent practical help from conservator Kornbak. We shared the work, but in fairness I must add that my part, which included the new lllerup find, was more suitable for an untraditional display. In order to illustrate the confusion of the sacrificial site, the numerous bent swords and other weapons were scattered a.long the back wall of the exhibition hall, above a bog land scape painted by Emil Gregersen. A peat column with inlaid slides illustrated the gradual change from prehistoric lake to bog, while a free-standing exhibition case held a horse’s skeleton with a broken skull, accompanied by sacrificial offerings. A model of the Nydam boat with all its oars sticking out hung from the ceiling, as did the fine copy of the Gundestrup vessel, as the Braa vessel had not yet been preserved. The rich pictorial decoration of the vessel’s inner plates was exhibited in its own case underneath. This was an exhibition form that differed considerably from all other Danish exhibitions of the time, and it quickly set a fashion. We awaited Glob’s homecoming with anticipation – if it wasn’t his exhibition it was still made in his spirit. We hoped that he would be surprised – and he was.The museum was thus taking shape. Its few employees included Jytte Ræbild, who held a key position as a secretary, and a growing number of archaeology students who took part in the work in various ways during these first years. Later, the number of employees grew to include the aforementioned excavation pioneer Georg Kunwald, and Hellmuth Andersen and Hans Jørgen Madsen, whose research into the past of Aarhus, and later into Danevirke is known to many, and also the ethnographer Klaus Ferdinand. And now Moesgaard appeared on the horizon. It was of course Glob’s idea to move everything to a manor near Aarhus – he had been fantasising about this from his first Aarhus days, and no one had raised any objections. Now there was a chance of fulfilling the dream, although the actual realisation was still a difficult task.During all this, the Jutland Archaeological Society thrived and attracted more members than expected. Local branches were founded in several towns, summer trips were arranged and a ”Worsaae Medal” was occasionally donated to persons who had deserved it from an archaeological perspective. Kuml came out regularly with contributions from museum people and the like-minded. The publication had a form that appealed to an inner circle of people interested in archaeology. This was the intention, and this is how it should be. But in my opinion this was not quite enough. We also needed a publication that would cater to a wider public and that followed the same basic ideas as the new exhibition.I imagined a booklet, which – without over-popularsing – would address not only the professional and amateur archaeologist but also anyone else interested in the past. The result was Skalk, which (being a branch of the society) published its fir t issue in the spring of 1957. It was a somewhat daring venture, as the financial base was weak and I had no knowledge of how to run a magazine. However, both finances and experience grew with the number of subscribers – and faster than expected, too. Skalk must have met an unsatisfied need, and this we exploited to the best of our ability with various cheap advertisements. The original idea was to deal only with prehistoric and medieval archaeology, but the historians also wanted to contribute, and not just the digging kind. They were given permission, and so the topic of the magazine ended up being Denmark’s past from the time of its first inhabitant s until the times remembered by the oldest of us – with the odd sideways leap to other subjects. It would be impossible to claim that Skalk was at the top of Glob’s wish list, but he liked it and supported the idea in every way. The keeper of national antiquities, Johannes Brøndsted, did the same, and no doubt his unreserved approval of the magazine contributed to its quick growth. Not all authors found it easy to give up technical language and express themselves in everyday Danish, but the new style was quickly accepted. Ofcourse the obligations of the magazine work were also sometimes annoying. One example from the diary: ”S. had promised to write an article, but it was overdue. We agreed to a final deadline and when that was overdue I phoned again and was told that the author had gone to Switzerland. My hair turned grey overnight.” These things happened, but in this particular case there was a happy ending. Another academic promised me three pages about an excavation, but delivered ten. As it happened, I only shortened his production by a third.The 1960s brought great changes. After careful consideration, Glob left us to become the keeper of national antiquities. One important reason for his hesitation was of course Moesgaard, which he missed out on – the transfer was almost settled. This was a great loss to the Aarhus museum and perhaps to Glob, too, as life granted him much greater opportunities for development.” I am not the type to regret things,” he later stated, and hopefully this was true. And I had to choose between the museum and Skalk – the work with the magazine had become too timeconsuming for the two jobs to be combined. Skalk won, and I can truthfully say that I have never looked back. The magazine grew quickly, and happy years followed. My resignation from the museum also meant that Skalk was disengaged from the Jutland Archaeological Society, but a close connection remained with both the museum and the society.What has been described here all happened when the museum world was at the parting of the ways. It was a time of innovation, and it is my opinion that we at the Prehistoric Museum contributed to that change in various ways.The new Museum Act of 1958 gave impetus to the study of the past. The number of archaeology students in creased tremendously, and new techniques brought new possibilities that the discussion club of the 1940s had not even dreamt of, but which have helped to make some of the visions from back then come true. Public in terest in archaeology and history is still avid, although to my regret, the ahistorical 1960s and 1970s did put a damper on it.Glob is greatly missed; not many of his kind are born nowadays. He had, so to say, great virtues and great fault s, but could we have done without either? It is due to him that we have the Jutland Archaeological Society, which has no w existed for half a century. Congr tulat ion s to the Society, from your offspring Skalk.Harald AndersenSkalk MagazineTranslated by Annette Lerche Trolle

IntroductionTechnology that combines traditional manipulations with databasesand complete visualization of geographic (spatial) analysis employingmaps has been developed in order to explore the possibilities forGeographical Information Systems (GIS) to be used in sanitaryand epidemiological surveillance system based on the analysis ofmorbidity and identification of influence of hazardous chemicalenvironmental factors on human health.MethodsGraphical analytic method of information processing allowedvisual establishing of mathematically determined cause-and-effectrelationships between levels of air chemical pollution and morbiditylevels for purulent bacterial meningitis.ResultsCalculated average annual contaminations of atmosphere of 20administrative rayons and seven cities of Lviv oblast with carbonoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and dust during the period 2006-2014were the objects of the study. During a year, 1,920 air samples werecollected per each ingredient for each rayon and city according tolaboratory data of facilities of the State Sanitary and EpidemiologicalService in Lviv oblast. Average annual levels of the chemicalsubstances were determined within the M.A.C. in all rayons and cities.However, 4-6% of individual samples in the rayons and 8-10% ofindividual samples in the cities exceeded the allowed concentrations,which imposed a real ecological danger.Fig. 1.Levels of carbon oxide air contamination within rayons ofLviv oblastMorbidity intensity rates for purulent bacterial meningitis weredetermined for the same period according to statistical reports oninfectious disease morbidity in Lviv oblast. In different years, humanmorbidity fluctuated from 0.7 to 2.3 per 100 thousand of populationin the oblast.The study found the correlation between the concentrations ofcarbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and dust in the air and levels ofincidence of bacterial meningitis in people in the cities of Lviv oblastwith 1,092 thousand inhabitants, which compose 42.3% of all oblastpopulation. Correlation coefficients are r = 0.78 (p<0.001), r = 0.70(p<0.001), r = 0.51 (p<0.005), and r =0.68 (p<0.02), respectively.Fig. 2.Correlation dependencies between air contamination andpopulation morbidity rates for purulent bacterial meningitis withinrayons of Lviv oblast.The search for a correlation between chemical contaminationof atmosphere and the morbidity level the rayon population of theoblast for purulent bacterial meningitis testified the existence of astatistically significant dependence between the level of morbidityfor all population layers and atmosphere contamination with sulfurdioxide, lead, carbon monoxide, and dust. The correlation coefficientsare r = 0.62 (p<0.002), r = 0.52 (p<0.005), r = 0.63 (p<0.005), r = 0.56(p<0.05), correspondingly.The study found the correlation between the concentrationsof sulfur dioxide, and lead in the air of Lviv oblast and levels ofincidence of purulent bacterial meningitis in children. Correlationcoefficients are r = 0.55 (p<0.05) and r = 0.57 (p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsUsing GIS approach, the study resulted in the development ofmedical-geographical maps of administrative rayons of Lviv oblast.The maps include peculiarities for each year of surveillance. Cause-and-effect relationships between the levels of the anthropogenicpollution of the air basin of Lviv oblast and morbidity levels forpurulent bacterial meningitis for the oblast population have beenspatially and temporally visualized as a study result.

AbstractThis paper interrogates a shift in patriarchal media discourse related to women leaders' recognition and legitimation in the UK. We conduct a multimodal discourse analysis of an online newspaper article about the UK politician and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, Angela Rayner, and analyzed public responses. Understanding the media as a means to distribute power and enable the challenging of norms, we contribute a theory of intersectional misrecognition in media's representation of women political leaders. This reveals an enduring and dynamic subordinate status of women leaders, shown specifically through the intersection of gender and class. We theorize that while women leaders continue to be misrecognized in the media, destabilizing their legitimacy, there is a demonstrable flexing of patriarchal discourse combined with stronger and accelerated resistance to ongoing sexism. We identify this resistance as productive in its call for consequences and a redistribution of cultural values, reflecting a discursive shift toward a productive resistance of resilient gender norms, evident in the intersection of gender with class. Intersectional misrecognition has value in making inequalities explicit for women leaders and where there may be productive tensions with potential to mobilize for change.

The roads to becoming a palaeontologist or contributing to the discipline are many and varied and for women, often tortuous. Concentrating on early to mid 20th century women in Europe brings to light some of the ways in which women survived in the field of vertebrate palaeontology (VP) studying from the earliest fish to our own human relatives. Only are few are known: e.g., in Britain (Pearson, Steen, Rayner), France (Friant, Dechaseaux), Germany (Edinger, von Huene), Hungary (Mottl), The Netherlands (Schreuder, Sanders,), Romania (von Nopsca), and Sweden (Carlsson, Christie-Lind). It is not always easy to unravel the whys and hows of their scientific contributions or even the basic details of their lives but new historical research has brought to light over 1200 women in VP. Their paths to contributing to VP and the difficulties overcome add to the history of women in science and may inspire others to choose a life in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).

The integrating of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM) in Early Childhood Education in developing countries has proved to be a workable strategy in enhancing inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong opportunities for all (SDG 4) towards achieving Sustainable Development Agenda by the year 2030.This paper presents a critical review of early childhood education in Africa, its impacts, benefits, challenges and plausible remedies. Theoretical frameworks in use were x-rayed with basic characteristics and types of pedagogical tools highlighted. A firsthand experience of non-formal, community-linked and integrated approaches, STEM Play cycle and Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach (CTCA) to STEM and STEAM education at childhood stage was carried out in Ekiti State, a rural –urban setting in densely populated Nigeria for this case study research. The role of culture and influence of environment in learning were showcased.

The diverse nature of modern business operations and environment has made it a strategic necessity for organization to have a proper understanding of the spontaneous activities in their business environment. It was based on this notion that this study theoretically reviewed literature on the role of structural flexibility on corporate responsiveness to business environment, x-rayed the three basic measures of corporate responsiveness. Consequently, the study found that structural flexibility plays inestimable role in the facilitating of corporate responsiveness in reacting to changes in business environment. Given these findings, we conclude that in the organization, structural flexibility predicts corporate responsiveness. Finally, the study recommended thus: that management of organization should emphasize the need for the effective reconfiguration of its system to ensure the development of capabilities that fosters flexibility and seamless operations and that organizations should provide the necessary leadership that will motivate employees to develop and sustain skills that facilitates responsive actions. JEL: D01; D20; D23 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Community engagement lies at the core of policing. Therefore, through collaborative efforts, community and police members address crime and disorder using approaches determined to be best practices for their communities. Today, community policing involves a new philosophy of police operations and management; hosting an accountability system involving the entire organisation. Nevertheless, to be effective in preventing crime, Nigerian police must place renewed emphasis on community engagement and practices. Based on this premise, this paper examines the best practices for community policing and crime prevention in Nigeria. The paper began with an introduction which x-rayed community policing as evolving to meet the new expectations that emerge in the 21st Century. The paper further looked into the philosophical principles of community policing, crime prevention, community policing best practices for Nigeria, organisational changes for implementing community policing best practices for Nigeria, and the expected benefits of community policing to Nigerians. The paper concluded that while the ways of implementing community policing may differ in practice in accordance with certain conditions in the communities, it is imperative to know that the basic philosophical principles of community policing should always be adhered to, if the best practices for community policing is to be achieved in Nigeria.

Abstract Background The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is pointed out as one of the main factors altering biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon basin. An eco-nutritional approach using X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis (µXRF) is proposed to verify the long- and short-term effects of droughts on the growth and xylem nutrient concentrations of Cedrela fissilis Vell. Methods Fourteen radii were selected from a tree-ring width chronology and X-rayed by Itrax Multiscanner. Profiles of ring width, wood density, and concentrations of aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and strontium (Sr) together with Al/Ca, Ca/Mn, K/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/S ratios were constructed and correlated with precipitation, temperature, the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P-PET) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Results During dry years, C. fissilis showed narrower, less dense rings, lower Al, P, S and Ca, and higher K and Fe concentrations (the opposite was found in wet years). Ring width decreased (together with Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Sr, Al/Ca, K/Ca and Sr/Ca) and wood density increased (together with Ca/Mn and Mn/S), which was associated with an increase in evapotranspiration and temperature over time, mainly since 1990. Cedrela fissilis showed a tendency to increase its capacity for resistance, and a recovery and resilience in growth over time associated with responses in Al, Ca, P and S. However, it showed a risk in the capacity for recovery of the pre-drought density values, associated with unsatisfactory responses in Al, Ca, K, Fe and P. Conclusions This study is the first attempt to analyze tree-ring nutritional evidences of C. fissilis trees to climate sensitivity and resilience to drought, based on long-term data from seasonal moist tropical forests of the Amazon. Our data suggested that C. fissilis is undergoing alterations in the concentration, use and redistribution of nutrients associated with increasing wood density and decreasing growth over time, due to the increase of drought frequency in the southern Amazon.

Peaches (Prunus persica L.) are an important crop in the United States with California leading the nation in peach production, with approximately 505,000 tons valued at $378.3 million (USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021, https://www.nass.usda.gov/). From April to July 2022, symptoms of branch and scaffold canker as well as shoot dieback were observed in three peach (cvs. Loadel, Late Ross and Starn) orchards located in San Joaquin County, California. Samples were collected from about 12 trees for each cultivar. Fast-growing, white, flat colonies were consistently isolated from active cankers on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) following the method described by (Lawrence et al. 2017). Pure fungal cultures were obtained by transferring single hyphal tips onto new APDA Petri plates. A total of 22 isolates were obtained. Each fungal isolate was recovered from a single diseased branch (40 to 55% recovery). All isolates in this study shared similar morphological characteristics. Fungal colonies were fast-growing with relatively even but slightly dentate margin, flat with white to off-white mycelium that turned vinaceous buff to pale greyish sepia (Rayner 1970) with age. Black, globose, ostiolated pycnidia, 0.8-(1.3)-2.2 mm diameter, with brownish surface hyphae formed on peach wood embedded in PDA after approximately three weeks and exudated buff-colored mucilage. Pycnidia were both solitary and aggregated and had multiple internal locules sharing invaginated walls. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, tapering towards the apex, 13-(18.2)-25.1 × 0.8-(1.3)-1.9 µm (n = 40). Conidia were hyaline, allantoid, smooth, aseptate, 5.5-(6.3)-7.1 × 1.4-(1.9)-2.3 µm (n = 40). Genomic DNA was extracted and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) using ITS5/ITS4 universal primers, translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF) using primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) using primers RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR, and actin gene region (ACT) using primers ACT-512F/ACT-783R were obtained and compared with sequences available in GenBank (Lawrence et al. 2018; Hanifeh et al. 2022). Isolates were identified as Cytospora azerbaijanica following DNA sequencing and morphological identification. Consensus sequences of the four genes of two representative isolates (SJC-66 and SJC-69) were deposited into GenBank database (ITS: OQ060581 and OQ060582; ACT: OQ082292, OQ082295; TEF: OQ082290 and OQ082293; RPB2: OQ082291 and OQ082294). The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) indicated that the sequenced RPB2 genes of isolates (SJC-66 and SJC-69) were at least 99% identical to that of Cytospora sp. strain shd47 (Accession: MW824360) covering at least 85% of the sequences. The actin genes from our isolates were at least 97.85% identical to that of Cytospora sp. strain shd47 (Accession: MZ014513), covering 100% of the sequences. The translation elongation factor gene from isolates (SJC-66 and SJC-69) was at least 96.4% identical to that of Cytospora sp. strain shd166 (Accession: OM372512), covering 100% of the query. Those top hit strains belong to C. azerbaijanica, recently reported by Hanifeh et al. (2022). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating eight wounded, 2- to 3-year-old healthy branches on each of eight 7-year-old peach trees, cvs. Loadel, Late Ross and Starn, using 5-mm-diameter mycelium plugs collected from the margin of an actively growing fungal colony on APDA. Controls were mock-inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Inoculation sites were covered with petroleum jelly and wrapped with Parafilm to keep moisture. The experiment was performed twice. After four months, inoculation tests resulted in vascular discoloration (canker) above and below the inoculation sites (average necrosis length of 114.1 mm). Cytospora azerbaijanica was re-isolated from all infected branches (70 to 100% recovery) completing Koch’s postulates. Controls remained symptomless and no fungi were isolated from the slightly discolored tissue. Cytospora species are destructive canker and dieback pathogens of numerous woody hosts worldwide. Recently, C. azerbaijanica was reported in causing canker disease of apple trees in Iran (Hanifeh et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. azerbaijanica causing canker and shoot dieback of peach trees in the United States and worldwide. These findings will aid towards a better understanding of genetic diversity and host range of C. azerbaijanica.