Dissertationen zum Thema „Rarer“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Rarer" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Meechumna, P. „Recovery of rarer minerals from Thai cassiterite concentrates“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355473.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMukhopadhyay, Ranjit Kumar. „Tarashankarer uponyase rarer prokriti, paribesh o jibon তারাশংকরের উপন্যাসে রাঢ়ের প্রকৃতি , পরিবেশ ও জীবন“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuyard, Caroline. „Rendre le rare commun : expériences de maladies rares et construction d'une action collective“. Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a comparative study of six ‘rare disorders’ aiming at providing a coherent frame of analysis for this category. The first part presents the history of connections rare disorders had with medical organisation since 1950. At first well integrated, they became a problem in the United-States during the 1960s. The attempts to reorganise the division of medical labour then framed the regulatory dimension. The second part addresses the experience of these disorders and collective action in a context of rarity. I explore what “being rare” means, which leads me to distinguish two types of rarity, an “objective” and a “subjective” one, the latest being a stake in collective action. The inquiry describes a model of association characteristic for rare disorders. Collective action at the inter-associative level shows how long-term coalitions challenge these small groups
Camara, Nimbo. „Croissance cristalline et étude par spectroscopie Raman des orthochromites de terres rares RCr03 (R=terre rare)“. Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMultiferroics are materials exhibiting in the same phase, at least two ferroics orders such as magnetism and ferroelectricity, which is furthermore extended when these orders are coupled (magnetoelectric coupling). This multifunctionality is scientifically and technologically promising, and makes multiferroics more attractive, especially since the magnetization can be controlled by the application of an electric field, or the polarization can be controlled by a magnetic field. From a technological point of view, these materials open pathways for many applications in spintronics, magnetoelectric sensors, data storage memories, ... From a scientific point of view, their attractiveness is explained by the fact that many fundamental questions related to the mechanisms of the occurrence of ferroelectricity in a magnetic material, are still unanswered
Shpotyuk, Yaroslav. „Verres de chalcogénures : étude de leurs comportements métastables et développement de compositions à basses énergies de phonons“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S140/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChalcogenide glasses are developed because of their properties of transparency in the infrared. For example it is possible to manufacture optical fiber or planar wavguide for sensing in the mid-infrared. The purpose of this thesis is to study the metastable behavior of chalcogenide glasses when subjected to specific constraints: thermal behavior, γ ray irradiation, addition of destabilizing elements. Compositions doped with rare-earth have also been also studied in order to develop sources operating in the mid-infrared range
Turlin, François. „Les granites pegmatitiques enrichis en éléments de terres rares légères marqueurs des processus de croissance et de différenciation crustale : exemple de la Province Protérozoïque de Grenville, Québec“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Rare Earth Elements (REE) are of great economic interest and first order geological tracers. However, their metallogenic cycle remains poorly defined. The Grenville Province exposes its orogenic root and shows numerous REE occurrences that are especially associated with pegmatitic granite dykes (“PGD”) in the central Grenville. Two hypotheses can account for the genesis of these PGD, whether (i) the partial melting of the orogenic root composed of reworked Archean and/or Proterozoic pre-existing continental crust, or (ii) the extreme differentiation of mantle melts produced during post-orogenic extension. A multi-method approach (field geology, petrogeochemistry, geochronology and isotopy) allow to characterize the PGD and discuss their petrogenesis during the geodynamic evolution of the province. They intruded at ca. 1005-1000 Ma (U-Pb on monazite and zircon) metaplutons (mineralization hosted in allanite) or metasedimentary sequences (mineralization hosted in monazite) from the mid-pressure allochthonous crustal segment. U-Pb dating on monazite and apatite from a single leucosome of these migmatitic paragneisses evidence for a peak of metamorphism at ca. 1080-1050 Ma that was followed by a slow cooling at a rate of 2 to 6°C/Ma, first under suprasolidus conditions until the close to wet-solidus intrusion of PGD, and then under subsolidus conditions down to the 450-500°C isotherm dated at ca. 970-950 Ma. The intrusion of the PGD is coeval with the initiation as early as ca. 1005 Ma of the protracted (> 20 Ma) partial melting of underlying parautochthonous paragneisses. The peraluminous character of the PGD, the investigation of pristine magmatic zircon of the PGD (U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes and trace elements), and the petrogeochemical investigations of parautochthonous Paleoproterozoic-Archean metapelites that derive from the Laurentian margin’s erosion, points to the derivation of the PGD from their partial melting. To the contrary, one PGD derived from the reworking of allochthonous plutonic units is poorly mineralized in REE, and confirms that REE from the central Grenville occurrences are issued from crustal rocks of the Superior Craton
Voigt, Martin. „Nouveaux traceurs chimiques pour quantifier les interactions eau-roche dans les systèmes marins“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30150/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fluid-rock interactions occurring in hydrothermal systems at or near mid-oceanic ridges (MOR) were studied experimentally while monitoring the Mg and Sr isotopic evolution. The results suggest that fast intermediate-temperature reactions could partly explain previously identified discrepancies in the marine 87Sr/86Sr budget. Furthermore, late-stage anhydrite re-dissolution caused by fluid reduction and temperature decreases in our experiments represent a potential explanation for the low amounts of anhydrite found in altered oceanic basalt samples. The fluid δ26/24Mg indicate that isotopically heavy Mg was preferentially incorporated into the clays. Towards the interpretation of rare earth element (REE) patterns in marine calcite, the fractionation between the REEs and Ca during the precipitation of calcite was studied experimentally. These data suggest that the incorporation of REE3+ ions into the calcite structure was likely charge balanced by incorporation of Na+, and that inferred partition coefficients for marine conditions can vary substantially depending on the fluid composition. Furthermore, the solubility of hydroxylbastnasite (REE(CO3)(OH)) was determined, indicating that this phase is less soluble than other known REE carbonates
Dehaine, Quentin. „Récupération des Terres Rares (La, Ce, Nd) et métaux rares (Sn, Nb, W) à partir de résidus micacés issus de la production de kaolin“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare metals granites have always been considered of poor economic value due to their low metal grades but, when altered, they are often exploited for their industrial minerals. This work address the recovery of critical metals (CRMs) including Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and rare metals (Sn, Nb, W) from St Austell (UK) kaolin residues though the development of a beneficiation process. Results shows that CRMs are pre-concentrated in the micaceous residue stream with LREE grades of 170 ppm, which account from 40% to 60% of the mass of CRM entering the plant. Analysis of this residue streams shows a high variability of CRM grades and suggest a cut-off grades for some of them. A combined gravity/flotation process have been developed for this residue which allow to recover up to 60% LREE with LREE grade of 1.6 to 0.5% for the gravity and flotation concentrate respectively
Bezerra, Lopes Francisco Wendell. „ESTUDO DOS ÓXIDOS A2B2O7 E ABO3 A BASE DE TERRAS RARAS, PARA APLICAÇÕES TÉRMICAS E CATALÍTICAS A ALTAS TEMPERATURAS“. Phd thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714810.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHassairi, Mohamed Amine. „Synthèse et caractérisation structurale et optique de phosphates dopés aux ions de terres rares“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22656/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the development of polycrystalline Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ activated phosphate phosphors of formula GdPO4 (orthophosphates) and YP5O14 (ultraphosphates) elaborated by a solvothermal method (GdPO4) and by a flux method (YP5O14), able to emit a white light by a IR-visible up-conversion process. Eu3+ doped GdPO 4 samples were also elaborated by soft chemistry in order to establish the relation between optical and morphological properties. The elaborating conditions were determined. The characterization of these materials has been carried out using X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. GdPO4 orthophosphates were obtained as nanorods and nanoparticles under acidic and basic media respectively. GdPO4 : Eu3+ orthophosphate nanoparticles show better optical performances than nanorods. Moreover, the optical, structural and morphological properties of orthophosphate materials were corroborated by the Judd and Ofelt theory. Under an IR excitation, an up-conversion mechanism is evidenced in YP5O14 : Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and GdPO4 : Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ activated phosphates. Yb3+ → Er3+, Tm3+ energy transfer processes leading to a white light emission are investigated. The up-conversion properties are considerably influenced by the morphology of the phosphates. The GdPO4 : Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ orthophosphate obtained as nanorods in an acidic medium is a promising candidate for anticounterfeit labels
Sebai, Sihem. „Synthèse et caractérisation de polyphosphates (Li/Na/K)(Y,La,Ln)(PO3)4 (Ln=Eu³⁺,Sm³⁺). Etude des propriétés de luminescence sous excitation VUV-UV“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to the development of phosphors based on polyphosphates of alkaline and rare earth ions, stoichiometric or activated with Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions, considered as light emitters under VUV excitation. These materials, with formula LixNa1-xY1-yEuy(PO3)4 (x = 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 and 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 1), LixNa1-xLa(PO3)4 : 5 % Eu3+ (x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.8; 0.9; 1), NaxK1-xLa(PO3)4 : 5 % Eu3+ (x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.8; 0.9; 1) and LixNa1-xSm(PO3)4 (x = 0; 0.5; 1), were synthesized in the solid state and characterized mainly by X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies and thermal analysis. Physical-chemical and optical analyses, in particular using the Eu3+ ion as a structural probe, show that the cross-substitution of Li+, Na+ and K+ alkaline ions is possible only in a relatively small proportion, which is linked to the differences in crystallographic structures of these materials. The analysis of the Eu3+ ion spectroscopic data according to Judd and Ofelt theory confirms the close link between optical and structural properties in these materials. Excitation spectra are characterized by an intense band localized in the VUV domain, respectively due to the charge transfer mechanism Y3+-O2- and Eu3+-O2- for the Eu3+ doped yttrium materials and to the 4f-5d inter-configuration for the Sm3+ concentrated materials. Materials concentrated in Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions emit intense red and orange fluorescence respectively, demonstrating the absence of concentration quenching
Carlino, Romain. „Réactions intramoléculaires de formation de liaison carbone – oxygène, sur des systèmes insaturés non activés, catalysées par des complexes de terres rares“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on intramolecular carbon-oxygen bond formation of non-activated alkenes and allenes by hydroalkoxylation or hydroacylalkoxylation reactions catalyzed by rare earths complexes.Firstly, the racemic version of these reactions catalyzed by two different systems has been studied: tri-alkyls and triflate rare earth. In this study, different steric or electronic effects and different substitutions on insaturations have been evaluated. For both systems, Markovnikov selectivity was evidenced; two different mechanisms for each system have been proposed. Indeed, in addition to the Lewis acid properties, the fact that rare earth alkyls are also Brønsted bases, could explain the difference of catalytic behavior of these systems.Thereafter, enantioselective versions of these reactions have been studied. For that, different chiral ligands have been associated on scandium triflate; on the other hand, new mono-alkyl binaphtholate complexes from tri-alkyl complexes have been synthesized. Therewith, cyclic ethers have been obtained with enantiomeric excesses up to 34%.As triflate rare earths have shown an excellent activity and yttrium and scandium mono-alkyl binaphtholate led to encouraging enantioselectivity, it has been proposed to create a new rare earth complex with chiral ligand associated with ionic bonds; the first tests of scandium and yttrium binaphtholate monotriflate preparation are very promising.Finally, in the frame of a collaboration, new rare earth complexes bearing ligands derived from BINAM have been synthesized and a HMBC ¹H/¹ ⁵N NMR study have been realized to determine the strength of the different carbon-nitrogen bonds. These chiral complexes have been especially used to highlight the concept of relay ligand with one pot consequent metallocatalyzed and organocatalyzed reactions
Inguaggiato, Claudio. „Geochemistry of Zr, Hf and REE in extreme water environments : hyperacid, hypersaline and lake waters in hydrothermal systems“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerns the geochemistry of Zr, Hf and REE (Rare Earth Elements) in extreme water environments. The investigations were carried out in hypersaline waters covering a wide range of Eh values along Dead Sea Fault (Israel), in hyperacid waters circulating in Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia) and in CO2-rich waters in Pantelleria volcano-hydrothermal system (Italy), including the alkaline lake “Specchio di Venere” within a calderic depression. The acidic sulphates waters characterized by the precipitation of alunite and jarosite show a strong LREE depletion. The REE in waters along Dead Sea Fault show MREE enrichments in waters with relative high Ca and SO4 concentrations due to the water interaction with MREE-enriched salt minerals. In the natural waters, changing of pH and Eh induce variations of Ce and Eu anomalies, due to the different behaviour of these elements with respect to the neighbours REE. In sulphate acidic waters, Zr/Hf ratios are very low down to 4.7, while quite constant Y/Ho ratio (close to the local rock value) indicates the lack of decoupling. Zr/Hf ratio increases as Cl/SO4 ratio increases. On the contrary, Zr/Hf and Y/Ho ratios in near-neutral pH waters with positive Eh values change from near-chondritic to super-chondritic. The precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxides removes preferentially Hf and Ho with respect to Zr and Y. The interaction of atmospheric fallout from the nearby Sahara Desert with the water of the lake “Specchio di Venere” was recognized by the Zr, Hf and REE distribution. Zr, Hf and REE show the capability to trace the interaction process between open water bodies and atmospheric fallout
Mejai, Najah. „Évolution microstructurale et transition de phase induites par faisceaux d’ions dans des couches minces épitaxiées d’oxydes de terres rares“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS468/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter doping, the rare earth oxides can acquire interesting optical properties for the optoelectronic devices of the future. These materials can also be used as neutron absorbers in nuclear reactors. Whether during the doping process or in the reactor, these oxides are subjected to irradiation conditions with intense ions. It is important to understand their behavior in this extreme environment. This is the objective of this thesis during which a fundamental study of model materials(epitaxial layers assimilable to single crystals)under ionic irradiation was conducted. The main results show that a phase change, from cubic to monoclinic, occurs under irradiation. This transition, which is not directly driven by the energy deposited by the ions, takes place in several stages linked to distinct microstructural evolutions. Finally, the composition plays a role in the change of structure, gadolinium oxide being more rapidly transformed than Erbium oxide
De, Oliveira Lima Karmel. „Nanocristaux dopés par des ions terres rares pour des applications en information quantique“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066611/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare earth (RE) doped crystals are promising materials for quantum information processing (QIP). In particular, Eu3+:Y2O3 bulk crystals present long optical coherent lifetimes (T2), a fundamental parameter for QIP. In this thesis, we investigated this system at the nanoscale, which could be used to build hybrid devices where RE are coupled to other quantum systems. This work focuses on the development of Eu3+: Y2O3 particles with sub-wavelength size and on the static and dynamical contributions to Eu3+ optical linewidth. Systems with different particle and crystallite sizes were prepared using homogeneous precipitation. Optical inhomogeneous linewidths were found to decrease with high temperature annealing and reached values close to those of bulk crystals, showing that low defect concentrations can be obtained. A quasi-linear correlation with Raman linewidths was also observed. T1 population decays were measured by fluorescence and found longer than in the bulk, in good agreement with a model based on an effective refractive index model. Optical T2 were investigated by photon echo (PE) and holeburning techniques. We observed a coherence lifetime of 7.1 µs at 1.7 K in a 0.5 % Eu3+ doped sample, the highest value reported for any nanocrystal. Temperature dependence and spectral diffusion studies indicate that structure fluctuations and spin flips dominate dephasing
Bengio, David. „Comportement électrochimique des lanthanides dans des liquides ioniques à température ambiante“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIonic liquids (ILs) are salts composed of an anion and an organic cation with a melting point below 100°C. They are promising solvents for the electrolytic separation of lanthanide elements. However, in order to develop such processes, experimental data is still needed. A bibliographic study highlighted important physico-chemical properties of these media which allowed to chose appropriate ILs and anticipate their electrochemical behavior. Ionic liquids composed of quartenary ammonium cations and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion were chosen for their low viscosity, high conductivity and wide electrochemical window.First of all, the electrochemical behavior of the neat ionic liquid N,N-trimethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([N4111][NTf2]) at platinum, gold and glassy carbon electrodes was studied. Surface phenomena similar to those observed in aqueous H2SO4 solutions are observed at gold and platinum electrodes before the solvent oxidation potential (from 2.3 V vs Fc+/Fc onwards). The respective roles of water concentration and acidity on these reactions were studied. The formation of an oxide layer and the oxidation of water both generate protons. The reduction of the oxide layer on reversal scan forms an activated metallic surface on which protons can adsorb and be reduced to H2.Eu(III)/Eu(II) and Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox couples were the studied in the more conductive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid ([EMIm][NTf2]). Thermodynamic and kinetic data were obtained. Europium was shown to be quite stable in its divalent state. Coupling electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques (UV-Visible, Time Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy…) enabled the acquisition of structural data concerning the complexes formed in solution at different oxidation states. Once again, the effect of water concentration in the ionic liquid was closely monitored. In the case of cerium, the influence of chloride and acetate ions addition on the stability of the +IV oxidation state was studied. The experiments conducted are a first step towards the understanding of the electrolysis mechanism for these elements
Maât, Nicolas. „Développement d'un procédé écologique pour le recyclage des aimants permanents Nd-Fe-B : voie hydrothermale, broyage“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare earth supplying is a very current topic, linked to the rare earth crisis of 2010. « Urban mining » is a promising path for recycling rare earths included in waste daily generated by industralized countries. In this work, we focus on recycling Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, because they are a very interesting deposit for Neodymium, but also for Dysprosium and Praseodymium. More precisely, permanent magnets included in hard disks drives have been considered. The objective of this work is to set up environmentally friendly and low cost recycling processes for rare earths. First, we investigated hydrothermal treatment of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, We developed a new and environmentally friendly approach for recycling Ni−Cu coated Nd-Fe−B permanent magnets included in computer hard disk drives. In a closed reactor, the coated magnets are heated at 250 °C in water mixed with sodium chloride for up to 18 h. First, the hydrothermal treatment induces the removal of the metallic coating that can be recovered by sieving. Then, the Nd-rich phase reacts with water, leading to the formation of Nd(OH)3. Atomic hydrogen is absorbed by the Nd2Fe14B phase, leading to the formation of Nd2Fe14BHx. The volume expansion of the intergranular phase, in relation to the formation of Nd(OH)3, together with the lattice expansion of the Nd2Fe14BHx phase causes the disintegration of the magnets. Finally, Nd2Fe14BHx is oxidized by water into Fe3O4 and Nd(OH)3. The Nd(OH)3 crystals can be isolated from the Fe3O4 crystals by magnetic separation. This process is thus an easy way to extract rare earths from permanent magnets found in WEEE. It uses green chemistry design principles and can be applied to large amounts of magnetic wastes. Mechanical milling of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets has also been investigated, and, in the study presented here, the milling effect on the magnetic properties of the Nd2Fe14B intermetallic was investigated using SQUID measurements, Mössbauer spectrometry and atom probe tomography (APT). Mechanical milling of the Nd2Fe14B alloy leads to its decomposition and its nanostructuration. This transformation induces first the formation of an amorphous, disordered phase Nd-Fe-B, with an enrichment in Neodymium; then to the formation of a mixture of -Fe and Nd-rich regions. The corresponding microstructure is very characteristic, with the formation of pure iron particles, with a hundred of nanometers in size, surrounded by an amorphous shell enriched in Neodymium and in Boron. Finally, intermixing of these phases is observed. Thanks to this work, we determine the behavior and the transformations of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets during two very different processes: hydrothermal treatment and mechanical milling. Results obtained with hydrothermal treatment are very promising for recycling rare earths at the industrial scale
Robaut, Florence. „Élaboration par dépôt laser pulsé et caractérisation de couches minces épitaxiées de métaux de terres rares et de composés intermétalliques terre rare-cobalt“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLavenas, Magali. „Synthèse de nanoparticules multifonctionnelles pour le diagnostic et l’imagerie médicale avec de futures applications en radiothérapie“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0803/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer is one of the main cause of mortality in the world. Recently, nanotechnologies have led tonew approaches in cancer therapy. In this context, it is important to design multimodal nanoparticles (NPs) andassess their therapeutic potential. The inorganic NPs studied here are based on metal oxides (e.g., TiO2 and HfO2)exhibiting functionalities that allow their localization and tracking using various techniques (MRI, luminescence),as well as their quantification. For this purpose, rare-earth elements are inserted in the metal oxide matrices. Asthe lethal temperatures for healthy and tumor cells are different, it is also important to ascertain thetemperature of the cells during ionizing radiation treatment. This may be achieved based on the light emissionof suitable pairs of rare-earth elements.Thus, titania and hafnia nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method enabling the control ofmorphology and size. Furthermore, the hafnia matrices were doped with rare-earth elements, such as europium,terbium and gadolinium, endowing NPs with functionalities such as luminescence tracking, magnetic resonanceimaging and nanothermometry. The chemical characterizations were performed and the relaxivity constantswere assessed. The luminescence response was also studied, and one nanothermometer with a sensitivity atroom temperature ca. 0.1 %.K-1 was obtained
Boonsin, Rachod. „Développement de luminophores sans terres rares pour l'éclairage éco-énergétique à base de diodes électroluminescentes“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22704/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLighting technologies based on light-emitting diodes have become an alternative solution over the obsolete technologies (fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps) due to their positive key criteria of environmental conservation: reduction of energy consumption and mercury/lead-free with 98% recycling technologies. However, the rare-earth elements, which are currently used in LED lightings, are produced by China at about 95%, thereby creating a monopoly situation on the rare-earth elements’ market and also a risk to the deployment of LED technologies in coming years. In this work, we have been interested in the development of rare-earth-free luminescent materials for LED lighting applications in order to produce a white light emission. Three kinds of rare-earth-free luminescent materials have been investigated: organic phosphors, hybrid (organic-inorganic) phosphors and core-shell quantum dots (QDs). The optical studies of these phosphors recorded upon UV and/or blue excitations allow us to determine their colorimetric parameters (CRI, T(K), PLQY(%)) and to demonstrate their optical performances for use in lighting devices. In order to yield a color emission close to ideal white light, the best phosphors were selected and then introduced by mixing them in appropriate proportions into silicone polymers. Another part of this work was devoted to the studies of stability of phosphors (films or powders) under operating conditions of LEDs, moreover, variation of their optical properties as a function of time and temperature were also determined. The optical performances about 30% have been recorded with some interesting colorimetric parameters. Although these materials have presented lower photoluminescence properties compared with commercial rare-earth based inorganic phosphors for “public lighting” applications, they can already be positioned on other luminescent sectors such as indoor lighting, signage anti-counterfeit marking
Mathivon, Kévin. „Étude théorique de l'interaction molécule - substrat“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1125/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concern the understanding at the atomic level of physicochemical processes occurring at interfaces and dilute phases. First, we studied the interaction between the 1,4- diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) molecule and a rare gas atom (He, Ne, Ar, Kr). We conducted a systematic analysis of these complexes, and we concluded that the MP2 method with a diffuse basis set is accurate to describe the system DABCO – Ar. The potential energy surfaces of DABCO – rare gas complexes were calculated, which allowed us to reatribuate the experimental spectra of these species. Then, we focused on DABCO – Arn (n = 2, 3, 4) neutral and ionic clusters. We have shown that the DABCO interacted with argon atoms and undergoes deformation due to the effect of the weak interaction on his vibrational modes. Subsequently, we studied the lowest electronic states of DABCO – Arn (n = 1, 2, 3). Our results can be extended to the qualitative interpretation of spectroscopic and dynamic studies of absorbed DABCO in large argon clusters. Finally, we studied the interaction between imidazole and a gold surface with CO2. We have shown that the imidazole molecule binds to the gold surface by a covalent bond between the nitrogen atom and a gold atom, and van der Waals interactions between hydrogen atoms and the gold surface. We determined that the preferred site for the imidazole – gold interaction is the top site. This interaction allows a charge transfer from the imidazole to the gold surface, which affects the capture of CO2 (about 50% lower compared to the interaction Im – CO2). But increase number of imidazole molecules on the gold surface could lead to a stronger bond between CO2 and imidazole
Duée, Natacha. „Elaboration et caractérisation de vanadates de terres rares nanométriques : vers de nouveaux capteurs pour la détection de peroxyde d'hydrogène“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066446/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past few years, civil security and the fight against terrorism have become critical issues, leading to a growing need for techniques to detect different threats and especially gas. In this context, the CEA is actively involved in the development of chemical gas sensors and in the elaboration of their sensitive materials. Due to the short lifetime of fluorescent organic materials, a need for robust sensitive materials exists. In light of these issues, this project focuses on the development of a sensitive inorganic material composed of fluorescent nanoparticles of rare earths vanadates synthesized by the sol-gel process. Innovative syntheses, with a fine control of the nucleation and crystallization steps, enable to reach significant performance such as the selective detection of the target gas at sub ppm levels, while guaranteeing a material lifetime of several months. In addition, a precise pH control ensures a good reproducibility of the syntheses. Finally, an excellent photostability of the particles was obtained by incorporating a microwave treatment into the synthesis.The particles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or thermoluminescence to better understand the mechanism of the detection of H2O2 vapors by the YVO4:Eu nanoparticles. A dynamic quenching of the particles fluorescence is associated with exposure to hydrogen peroxide. It seems to imply an action of H2O2 on the defects (such as oxygen vacancies), resulting in a transfer of energy from the excited state of Eu3+ ions to the defects, thus preventing the fluorescence emission
Balestrieri, Matteo. „Transparent conductive oxides with photon converting properties in view of photovoltaic applications : the cases of rare earth-doped zinc oxide and cerium oxide“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis was to investigate the photon converting properties of rare earths (RE) ions embedded in transparent oxide hosts in view of potential application on silicon solar cells. In particular, the goal was to functionalize thin films that are already used in solar cells such as anti-Reflection coatings or transparent conductive oxides.Two host materials (ZnO and CeO2) have been selected, which are compatible with silicon solar cells.This work shows that RE-Doped transparent oxide films are a viable low-Cost solution for obtaining photon-Converting layers that can be applied on solar cells, but that achieving high efficiencies is much more difficult than it might appear in theory. Nevertheless, very valuable information has been obtained on the effect of the host material on the photon management properties and on the energy transfer mechanisms in these systems. In particular, the energy level diagram of some of the rare earth ions in the specific matrices has been reconstructed
Djeddi, Asma. „Pétrogenèse des carbonatites et magmas alcalins protérozoïques d’Ihouhaouene : terrane de l’In Ouzzal, Hoggar occidental, Algérie“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe In Ouzzal Archaean craton represents a succession of intrusive and metamorphic events since Eburnean, and an important marker of geodynamic processes through geological time. The Ihouhaouene area located in the N-W of In Ouzzal terrane in Algeria is unique by the presence of Proterozoic carbonatite intrusions associated with silica-saturated alkaline rocks. These intracontinental carbonatites are among the oldest and exceptional because of their diversity and the presence of unusual rare earth minerals. Carbonatites are pegmatitic or brecciated with fragments of syenite. They are calciocarbonatites with calcite (> 50 vol.%), apatite, clinopyroxene and wollastonite and are associated with red or white syenites in massive outcrops. Syenites are composed of alternating light levels of red alkaline feldspar or wollastonite associated with white feldspar and dark levels of apatite and clinopyroxene. Carbonatites and syenites form a cogenetic suite characterized by an increase in silica and decrease in calcium and CO2 content. The carbonatites have silica content ranging from 5 to 35 wt.%, 28 to 53 wt.% CaO, and 11 to 36 wt.% CO2. Syenites have high K2O (12 wt.%) and low Na2O content (1 wt.%). Carbonatites and syenites have high incompatible element concentrations with high REE content (7000*chondrites and 1000*chondrites, respectively) and high U, Pb, Sr and Th content. Trace elements (eg. Rare Earths, Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf) in magmatic minerals (apatite-pyroxene) of carbonatites and syenites reveal complex magmatic processes at the origin of these rocks involving several stages of fractional crystallization and immiscibility from a CO2-rich melilititic magma. Silica-rich carbonatites and white syenites are characterized by high Nb/Ta, Y/Zr and Rb/Sr ratios, typical of carbonate-rich magmas by immiscibility. The red syenites have characteristics of immiscible differentiated silicate melt. Silica-poor carbonatite minerals have variable subchondritic Nb/Ta (<10) indicating crystallization from highly evolved liquids and the presence of late carbonatitic magmas. Apatites, in particular, record various magmatic and supergene processes. They present, in some rocks, redistribution and enrichment in rare earth elements, which are characterized by exsolutions of britholite in silica-rich carbonatites and monazite-quartz-calcite inclusions in silica-poor carbonatites. These minerals reflect local sub-solidus re-equilibration with late-magmatic fluids rich in Cl-Th-REE for the exsolution of britholite and S-Ca-P-CO2 for monazite inclusions. The apatite and zircon present in these alkaline and carbonatite rocks, allow determination of the syn-metamorphic crystallization age of the Ihouahouene magmatic complex at 2100 Ma and confirm the pan-African age of its exhumation. The petrological, geochemical and geochronological study of Ihouhaouene carbonatites and syenites highlights the magmatic origin of these rocks and constrains the fluid-rock interactions at sub-solidus conditions leading to REE-enrichment. The carbonatites and syenites result from a low partial melting rate of a CO2-rich Precambrian mantle. Several fractional crystallization and immiscibility stages allowed the genesis of these hybrid magmas, trapped along large shear-zones during the Archean/Eburnean transition period in the In Ouzzal terrane, characterized by extensive deformation in ultra-high-temperature granulitic environment
Friedlander, Lisa. „Epidémiologie des maladies rares orofaciales en France : qualité de vie orale, accès aux soins bucco-dentaires et parcours de soins des patients“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare diseases affecting the teeth, the oral cavity and the face are numerous, although each disease is rare. These clinical entities can range from a few missing teeth to severe craniofacial dysmorphisms very disabling functionally and aesthetically. They generate situations of functional and aesthetic oral disability affecting quality of life, social integration, school and work. Two studies were carried out in order to provide first epidemiological description of orofacial rare diseases in France with a descriptive study of CEMARA data recorded from January 2008 to December 2015. Then, a study, called ORAQL was conducted to analyze oral quality of life to try to give to public authorities’ ways to better care for patients. CEMARA data study focused on data from 2008 to 2015 based on the Orphanet nomenclature. Each "case" of a reported rare disease was defined by the "sick" status and the degree of certainty of the diagnosis, coded as: confirmed, probable or unclassifiable. The analyzed parameters, presented with their 95% confidence intervals using a Poisson model, were as follows: time and age of diagnosis, proportions of gross and standardized prevalence of DR disease, by age, gender and geographical site. The criteria studied were the proportions of patients in the Paris region and the "included cases geography" in which these proportions were projected on the other French regions, taking into account the local populations.ORAQL study is a national cohort study in French orofacial rare diseases centres. Inclusion criteria were: having been cared in centres in the last 5 years (2012-2017) and to be between 6 and 17 years old on September 1, 2017. Children were asked to complete a questionnaire with a quality of life component (the Child-OIDP index). At the end of the questionnaire, a free space was left for the patient to add a textual comment to provide qualitative data. Regarding the study of CEMARA data, in Paris region, estimated prevalence of these diseases was 5.58 per 10,000 inhabitants (95% CI 4.3-7.1). As of December 31, 2015, 11,342 patients were referenced in total in France, including 7294 in the Paris region. More than 580 individual clinical entities (ORPHA code) have been identified with their respective frequencies. Most abnormalities have been diagnosed before birth. Nearly 80% of registered patients go to Paris hospitals to obtain either a diagnosis, care or follow-up. We observed that the rarer the disease is, the more patients were referred to Parisian hospitals. For ORAQL study, complete data was available for 110 patients. The sample included 44.5% boys and 55.5% girls. The ages were 6 to 17 years old and 68.2% were between 6 and 12 years old and 31.8% between 13 and 17 years old. Factors associated with lower quality were: being a girl (p = 0.03), giving up dental care for financial reasons (p = 0.01), having syndromic illness (p = 0.01), having a problem of tooth shape and color (p = 0.03), feeling isolated, alone and different from other children (p = 0.003 and p = 0.02). The qualitative analysis revealed a very weak psychological management of children and their patients who reported a great anxiety and a great fear of future. A health network covering a range of aspects of the issue of rare diseases, from diagnosis to research, has been developed in France. Despite this, there is still a significant imbalance between supply and demand for health care in this area. The quality of life of children with these diseases is impaired, especially from a psychosocial point of view, but also their care course and access to oral care. ORAQL study shows that it is highly necessary to improve legibility of care pathways and t financial coverage of treatments
Louyriac, Elisa. „Catalyse de polymérisation stéréosélective du styrène avec l'éthylène pour la production de matériaux sPSE - Approche par modélisation moléculaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSyndiotactic polystyrene is an attractive material used in several fields, in particular packaging or electronics. Its industrial production may be restricted by: a high temperature synthesis process and its brittleness, which is a drawback for applications with mechanical requirements. The improvement of the production process and the physicochemical properties of the syndiotactic polystyrene can be achieved by copolymerization with ethylene. Catalytic systems based on group 3 metals exhibit a high syndiospecificity and seem promising for styrene-ethylene copolymerization. By using molecular modelling, the optimization of such systems will allow to design a less energy-consuming process that fulfils the industrial requirements for the production of high performance materials. In this context, the work presented within this thesis is a theoretical study of styrene-ethylene stereoselective copolymerization catalysis by using DFT calculations. This PhD thesis was conducted in collaboration with an experimental team and followed by an industrial group
Blais, Catherine-Marie. „Evaluating health policy and legal responses : how to reduce barriers and improve access to orphan drugs for rare diseases in Canada“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRésumé : Les maladies rares sont des maladies sérieuses pouvant causer des manifestations cliniques sévères chez les patients atteints. Les médicaments orphelins ont été développés pour le traitement de ces maladies rares qui touchent un petit nombre d’individus. Un cadre légal permettant des incitatifs pour les compagnies pharmaceutiques aux États-Unis et au niveau de l’Union Européenne a favorisé la recherche et le développement desdits médicaments. Présentement, il n’existe pas de cadre juridique et de politiques spécifiques au Canada entourant les médicaments orphelins. Ceci a mené à plusieurs problèmes tant au niveau fédéral que provincial dont: un manque de support financier consacré à la recherche pour les maladies rares, des disparités entre les provinces concernant les politiques pour les médicaments orphelins, des difficultés d’accès et de remboursement desdits médicaments dont les coûts sont élevés. Des recommandations et mesures sont proposées, telles l’implantation d’un comité scientifique pancanadien (national) afin d’établir des lignes directrices fondées sur des données probantes pour faciliter un accès uniforme aux médicaments orphelins pour les patients, y compris un registre spécifique élaboré pour chaque maladie, établir une entente formelle centralisée pour tout le Canada pour un financement public de remboursement des médicaments orphelins, augmenter le rôle de « gardien » des prix par le Conseil d’examen du prix des médicaments brevetés au Canada. Ces recommandations et mesures serviront à l’implantation d’un cadre de politiques pour les médicaments orphelins au Canada.
Sivilotti, Lucas. „La médiation auprès des étudiants atteints de cancer ou de maladies rares : analyse et compréhension des enjeux. Étude en Nouvelle-Aquitaine autour de la trajectoire estudiantine et des interactions plurielles“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0330.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite a high visibility for several years, rare diseases and cancers remain largely unknown to the main part of the general public and professionals. An insufficient number of surveys have been made on the impacts of serious and chronic conditions on the students and their life courses, in particular the post-secondary pathway. Due to the rareness and the lack of knowledge on them, pediatric cancers and rare diseases increase the risk of isolation and consequently the school dropout. Thus, the objective is to promote institutional linkage and to facilitate the administrative procedures through an external and “neutral” professional in order to encourage inclusion of youth and young adults.The objective of this research is to better understand the barriers and levers on the inclusion of students living with rare diseases or cancers. The survey used a mixed methodology, combining interviews and questionnaires involving students, their parents and high education professionals. In addition to the baseline survey, an ethnographical observation acted as an empirical check on the mediation as a facilitator of the multiple interactions. This study includes an educational and sociological approach. The sick student is considered as being inseparable from his condition. This work is also interested in stakeholders such as family members and institutional professionals.The findings suggest that education practitioners reveal a lack of legitimacy to intervene with population with specificities to which they have not been trained for. Disabled students and their families express the need for regular and continuous support, particularly during educational transitionsAnalysis of the observations made during the mediating interventions provides a better understanding of student paths and professional positioning. These results allow to consider the setting up of mediating interventions taking into account the current organization of services and actors involved in supporting young adults with disabilities
Bouchaala, Nader. „Etude des propriétés structurale et physico-chimique des systèmes Nd-Fe-Co“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntermetallics based on Rare Earths (R) and Metalloids (M) are of interest in the field of fundamental research to understand the nature of magnetic interactions in the complex case where the localized magnetism of the R elements combines with That of the much less localized transition elements. Moreover, exceptional magnet properties make it possible to use them for technological purposes in the field of permanent magnets or magnetic recording. The magnetism group of the CMTR (ICMPE) UMR7182 CNRS-UPEC (France) specializes in the study of the magnetic properties of intermetallics and the correlation of these properties with structural and microstructural properties. The team of intermetallics, of the Laboratory of Materials and Environment Sciences "MESLab" of the University of Sfax (Tunisia), has acquired a great experience in the determination of the diagrams of binary or ternary phases from the study Of the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized compounds. My research project in these two laboratories will involve studying the structural and physicochemical properties of the R-Fe-M systems (R = rare earth, M = transition metal or metalloids) according to the following steps: 1- Establish a ternary diagram between the R-Fe-M elements. 2- Seek new solid solutions. 3- Structural study of the different phases synthesized by different experimental techniques (RX, MEB, X-ray spectroscopy, ...). 4. Study of the magnetic properties of the different phases. 5- Interpretation of the relationships with the nature of the basic elements used
De, Rancourt Yoann. „Dispersion de charges d'oxydes de terres rares, Er2O3 et Pr6O11, dans une matrice polymère“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the incorporation of mineral fillers of erbium oxide, Er2O3, and praseodymium oxide, Pr6O11, in an elastomeric polymer matrix, in the context of an industrial project to replace the lead in radiation protection equipment. The actual purpose of this thesis was to improve the dispersion of the fillers in the matrix through chemical treatment processes of these particles. Various types of surface functionalization were used to compatibilize them with an organic matrix, in particular by grafting compounds such as phosphonic acids. Hence, several phosphonic acids have been successfully used for the functionalization of both types of fillers. The characterization of these functionalizations is an important part of this project. Innovative analysis techniques, both direct and indirect have been used for this purpose, namely Py-GC/MS to detect the chemical compounds anchored to the surface of the fillers, X-ray fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy with a quantification target, but also a study of sedimentation kinetics of the fillers in an organic medium. Finally, composites were obtained by mixing the fillers, untreated and treated, with a polyurethane matrix. Tensile tests have clearly shown an improvement of mechanical properties for some of the composites, due to the functionalization of the fillers by phosphonic acids
Fneich, Hussein. „Matériaux luminescents à base de silice dopés d’ions de terres rares“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare earth ions doped materials continue to be the subject of several researches thanks to their efficiency in the fields of photonics and their applications in amplifiers or optical fiber lasers. In this context, firstly, silica bulks (SiO2) doped with europium ions (Eu3+) were prepared by Sol-Gel process. The luminescence properties of rare earth ions were studied in these bulks, as well as in bulks co-doped with magnesium and heat-treated at 900°C. The optical properties of Eu3+ ions have also been studied in a very different environment: silica nanoparticles (NPSi). These different materials were characterized by ICP-OES, TEM, XRD, sorption analysis and FT-IR. The first part of this manuscript describes how the size of the NPSi, the amount of europium, the heat treatment and the presence of magnesium modify the photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ ions.The second axis of this work concerns the study of the reactivity of fluoride ions in the ternary system SiO2-GeO2-LaF3. Several binary and ternary mixtures were prepared and heat-treated at 1500°C and then studied by TGA, EDS-SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The evaporation of F- ions has been evidenced by a preferential reaction with silicon (to form SiF4) rather than with germanium. In the ternary system, we observed the formation of La2Si2O7 phase
Ntiharirizwa, Seconde. „Les minéralisations en Eléments de Terres Rares de la région de Gakara (Burundi) : contrôle structural, caractérisation pétrologique et géochimique, modèle métallogénique“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2613ecfc-fc24-4a52-84c9-f0ea9d943359.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Gakara deposit in Burundi is one of the richest deposits of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the world. The East African rift zone is the well-known host of many carbonatites and associated alkaline complexes, which have been in place for many hundred million years. The main deposits of REE mined today in the world are associated with carbonatite complexes. In these complexes, mineralization is rarely part of the primary mineral assemblage; they precipitate from fluids evolved from magmatic intrusions. To better understand the mechanisms of emplacement of REE mineralization in the Gakara area, we used a multidisciplinary approach: i) A geological study based on field observations and a study of the mineralogical composition and textures of different facies of the ore, using conventional microscopic observation tools. ii) In-situ U-Th-Pb dating by La-ICP-MS to determine the ages of primary mineralization (veins of bastnaesite, REE-fluorocarbonate) and hydrothermal alteration (monazitic alteration, REE-phosphate). iii) A detailed study of the fluid inclusions trapped in bastnaesite and quartz crystals associated with the monazitic alteration to characterize the mineralizing fluids and thus specify their nature and physicochemical conditions of emplacement. iv) A study of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen on bastnaesite and quartz to give a complementary indication of the origin of the mineralizing fluids and the mechanisms involved. v) The integration of geophysical and geochemical data acquired by Rainbow Company during its prospecting campaigns to compare them with field geology data in order to better understand the formation mechanisms of the Gakara deposit as well as to discuss the identification of new mineralized zones. All the data acquired in these different studies and the main observations allow to establish a global metallogenic model of Gakara area. Mineralization is results from the deposition of REE in hydrothermal conditions in the upper crust, from exsolved fluids of a probably carbonatitic magma, fluids having subsequently undergone CO2 vapor – aqueous brine separation. This phase separation was probably the main precipitation mechanism of REE minerals. The implication of surrounding fluids, with very low salinity, possibly coming from the surface, is suggested. Mineralization took place during the pan-African tectonic event, at about 600 Ma, and was affected by recent deformations, possibly associated with the development of the East-African rift
Veyssiere, Maëva. „Etude de la composante génétique de la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde par séquençage d'exomes : contribution des variants rares“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of French population. Today, despite the identification of a major genetic factor (HLA-DRB1), and more than one hundred susceptibility factors with low to moderate effect (mainly identified by Genome-Wide association studies - GWAS), we cannot explain more than 50% of RA genetic component. Knowing that GWAS only study frequent variants (minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 1%) and consider that all of them are independent, we tried to identify new RA genetic factors by focusing on rare variants (single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small insertions and deletions (InDels)) for which, to date, only few studies has been conducted. In addition, we studied gene/gene interactions (GxG) in biological pathways enriched for rare susceptible variants.To this end, we worked on two datasets obtained by exome sequencing. With the first dataset (data1), we wanted to evaluate the contribution of rare variants to RA risk into 1080 candidate genes sequenced in 240 cases et 240 controls from French population. With the second dataset (data2), our aim was to identify new genetic factors by focusing on rare variants selected from 30 individuals (including 19 affected) belonging to 9 French multiplex families. We set up in the laboratory a workflow to process the produced sequences up to the identification of variants (read alignment on human reference genome GRCh37, alignment refinement, variant identification (SNV et Indels) and quality filters).In data1, we replicated the association between RA and BTNL2 gene (p-value = 3,0E-6) and identified 3 new RA risk genes (p-value ≤ 4,0E-3), involved in the differentiation and activation of immune system cells, by combining rare to low frequency variants (burden association analysis). In data2, with a linkage – association study, we identified 3 genes - SUSD5, MNS1 and SMYD5 – presenting an aggregation of rare and frequent variants associated with RA (p-value < 0.04 with 10E6 permutations), and another gene SUPT20H in which we identified one rare variant with complete penetrance in one of the family and without phenocopy. Finally, we identified, by enrichment analysis, several biological pathways presenting an aggregation of rare variants. In one of them (focal adhesion), we extracted 9 candidate GxG interactions for which multiple genotype combinations seem to increase RA risk (p-value ≤ 5,0E-5)
Jardin, Régis. „Borosiliciures de terres rares“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Natur François. „Complexes homo- et hétéro- hexanucléaires de terres rares : Ordre local, assemblage modulaire et propriétés de luminescence associées“. Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the design of new luminescent systems built from rare earth based-hexanuclear complexes and on the study of their properties. These complexes of general formula [Ln6(μ6-O)(μ3-OH)8(NO3)6(H2O)n](NO3)2.mH2O with 0 n 14 and 0 m 6 when Ln = Pr-Lu, Y can be synthesized and isolated by controlled hydrolysis of rare earth salts. These complexes are structurally characterized: metal cations are located at each vertex of the molecular octahedron, whose diameter is around 10 . They are of interest as molecular precursors. Hetero-hexanuclear complexes, involving several rare earth ions, potentially exhibit efficient interactions in terms of luminescence. Local order of these complexes was investigated on the basis of NMR spectroscopy with 89Y nucleus at solid and solution state. No macroscopic segregation is observed, heterohexanuclear complexes are solid solution compounds where rare earth ions are randomly and statistically dispersed over the vertices of each molecular entities. Interactions in terms of luminescence have been exploited in order to optimize the rare optical properties of a coordination polymer built from hexanuclear entities. The luminescent properties can be modulated depending on the selection of the starting precursors. Hexanuclear complexes have a particular affinity for polyol solvents, especially ethylene glycol. In solution, molecular entities are bridged together to form nano-agregates. Finally, this particular affinity for polyol, prompted us to investigate luminescence properties of aromatic glycol derivatives functionalized complexes
Avumadi, Akouvi. „Dynamique des apports fluviaux dissous et particuliaires au lac Togo : bilans, origines et devenir, mécanismes et facteurs de contrôle“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Lac Togo Bassin (LTB), located in South of Togo, is a region characterized by various anthropogenic activities including agriculture, industry, phosphate mining, etc. To assess the impact of these activities on the quality of surface waters and sediment of this watershed, 105 river’s and lake water samples and 18 bed sediments were collected for analysis. Major elements, alkalinity, DOC, silica, pH, were measured in the dissolved phase of the samples, as well as trace elements (TE) and REE which were also measured in sediments and suspended matter during the period of 2015 to 2016. The dominant ions in river waters are Cl- (4.51 meq.l-1), Na+ (4.29 meq.l- 1), HCO3- (1.32 meq.l-1), Mg2+ (1.13 meq.l-1), Ca2+ (0.69 meq.l-1) in average and represent about 90% of the total dissolved salts (TDS). The mean DOC and silica concentrations are respectively 9.17 mg/l and 7.13 mg/l. A comparative analysis of the mean concentrations of dissolved TE measured in the water of the stations studied against the Natural Concentrations of the Rivers of the World (NCRW) shows for Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Pb, Th, U concentrations higher than NCRW values and WHO drinking water standards (INERIS-DRC, 2006) with a significant increase in lake level and downstream samples. The results obtained from the analysis of water and sediment samples during the hydrological cycle 2015-2016 made it possible to estimate the specific fluxes of dissolved chemical elements transported by Zio and Haho rivers respectively of 9,57 t.km-2.an-1 and 38.24 t.km-2.an-1 for major elements and 7.84 and 17.82 Kg.km-2.an-1 for trace elements. The particulate matter flow at Zio (Togblekope) and Haho (Hahotoe) is estimated respectively at 15.3 t.km-2.an-1 and 59.3 t.km-2.an-1. These fluxes allow estimate to the average rates of physical erosion of 3.6 to 4.3 m/Ma for Zio and 10.6 to 12.5 m/Ma for Haho and chemical alteration of 1.1 to 3.3 m/Ma for Zio and 3 to 4.2 m/Ma for Hahob. The specific flux of CO2 consumed by chemical alteration is about 1.9.108 mole.an-1 of CO2 or 75.103 mole.km-2.an-1 for Zio. This CO2 flux for Haho is 6.9.108 mole.an-1 or 202.6.103 moles.km-2.an-1 of which 109.103 moles.km-2.an-1 and 94.103 moles.km-2.an-1 consumed respectively by the alteration of silicates and the dissolution of carbonates. Mechanical erosion takes precedence over chemical weathering and profile deepening. There is an imbalance in the soils of these two sub-basins and therefore an average reduction in soil thickness. The degree of sediment contamination by TEs is assessed by parameters (Sediment Quality Guidelines, SQGs) such as the enrichment factor (EF), the respective % of TE from natural and anthropogenic, the residual and non-residual fraction % (labile) by using Medje Creek sediment as a reference material. The EF is generally less than 2 (limit value for natural geochemical background noise), in particular for Sn, As, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th and U. However, 10% of the samples have EF between 2 and 6.3 in particular Ni, Cr and Cd. Simple extraction at EDTA shows that Co, Cu, Cd and Pb are relatively bioavailable because they are in labile form respectively at 38%, 32%, 26% and 25%. The rare earth (REE) concentration profiles showed that the geochemical signature of bottom sediments would be related to the TRs in the nonresidual fraction. Comparison of the concentrations of major elements, TEs and TRs in sediments and suspended matter indicates that these sediments do reflect suspended matter levels
Iorio, Carlo Saverio. „Experimental and numerical study of the coupling between evaporation and thermocapillarity preparation of the Cimex-1 experiment“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210836.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work has been organized in two main parts: in the first one, the focus will be on the scientific and theoretical aspects of the evaporation process in presence of an inert gas flow while in the second all the technical aspects and more practical tests related to the real implementation of the micro-gravity experiment CIMEX-1 will be detailed. In any cases, the discussion will always start from the phenomenology observed considering that ” Nature is far more reach of any speculations.”
Part I: Evaporation in presence of inert gas
In chapter 1, a detailed presentation of the experimental setups for the on-ground tests is given together with the presentation of the qualitative and quantitative results obtained. Actually, the main parameters that regulate such kind of experiments are the mass flow rate of inert gas, the total pressure of the cell and the geometrical shape and dimensions of the evaporating regions.
Consequently, the experiments aimed at covering the maximal possible combination of these three parameters with special attention to the variation of the inert gas flow and of the thickness of the evaporating liquid layer. More precisely, the liquid layer thickness was in the range 1.2 to 3.8 mm while the inert gas flow was set in the range 50 to 2500 ml/min. The pressure has been partially neglected as control parameter because its control was discovered not to be very reliable.
The visualization system used in all the experiments consisted in a opportunely calibrated infrared camera. It allowed for having a quantitative analysis of the temperature distribution at the interface of the evaporating liquid.
The infrared images also helped to follow the thermal history of the interface. In many cases, it has been possible to clearly observe the evolution of instability patterns at the interface that represent an original contribution to the understanding of such a kind of phenomena.
The physical and mathematical modeling of the observed phenomenology will be the subject of the chapter 2. One of the peculiar issue of the problem under consideration is that the thermal gradient normal to the interface is not directly imposed like in the usual Marangoni-Bénard experience, but is a result of the cooling of the interface due to the evaporation.
Moreover,the interface is subject to the shear stress of the inert gas flow and to the one due to the thermo-capillarity. Finally, the gas phase is to be considered as a mixture; this oblige to solve a diffusion problem in the gas phase. A physical model that takes into account the different aspects mentioned above is presented together with the governing equations and the appropriate boundary conditions.
Numerical issues involved in solving the model are also analyzed. Numerical results obtained are finally discussed and compared when possible with experimental results.
Part II: Preparation of the CIMEX-1 experiment on-board the International Space Station.
In chapter 3, we will describe the main platforms used to perform low-gravity experiments. They will be classified according to the low-gravity level and to the low-gravity interval duration that could be ensured for experiments. According to these criteria, the list of the low-gravity platforms will be as follows: Drop Towers with ≈ 4 sec. of micro-gravity, Parabolic Flights that can assure not more than ≈ 25 sec. Sounding Rockets with a low-gravity time of the order of several minutes depending on the rockets, Foton Capsules that assure for many days of high quality - i.e. without perturbations - low-gravity level and ,last but not least, the International Space Station where the low-gravity duration could be even of several weeks which is a sufficient time duration for the most part of the experiments.
The chapter 4 will be entirely devoted to the ITEL experiment that is the precursor and the core of the CIMEX-1. After a brief overview of the experiment that has been performed twice on-board sounding rockets of the MASER class, the experimental setups used both on-ground and in micro-gravity will be detailed.
The focus will be on the experimental results obtained on-ground during the preparatory tests and during the two sounding rocket flights with special attention to the first one. The analysis will be supported by the presentation of many results obtained in numerical simulations.
The two parabolic flight campaigns performed to test one of the key sub-systems of the CIMEX-1 setup are the subject of the chapter 5. The separating-condensing unit is mandatory for performing the experiment on-board the International Space Station because the limitations on the crew intervention oblige to have a closed loop experiment.
The goal of the two parabolic flights will be detailed together with the setup and the experimental scenario. The main results will be also shown and some considerations on the efficiency of the system will be presented.
It is worthy to stress that the results obtained during these parabolic flights have been determinant at the European Space Agency level to fly the CIMEX-1 experiment on-board the International Space Station.
Finally, in the section conclusions and perspectives the main results obtained will be summarized together with the new scenarios opened by the present work and some guidelines for further development in the experimental, theoretical and technical analysis.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Division, Johnson City GIS. „Road Map of Washington County, Tennessee - 2002“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/69.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1068/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „Washington County, Tennessee Road Map - 2011“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/70.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1069/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „Johnson City Land Use Map - 1998“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/71.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1070/thumbnail.jpg
Tennessee, State of. „Washington County Geographic Features“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/8.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1007/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „Johnson City Annexations, 1960-2003“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/12.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1011/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „Johnson City, Tennessee Streets, 2003“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/13.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1012/thumbnail.jpg
District, First Tennessee-Virginia Development. „Johnson City, Tennessee Information Map (Undated)“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/14.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1013/thumbnail.jpg
Transportation, Tennessee Department of. „General Highway Map - Sullivan County, Tennessee - 1963“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1985. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/38.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1037/thumbnail.jpg
Transportation, Tennessee Department of. „General Highway Map - Washington County, Tennessee - 1991“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/40.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1039/thumbnail.jpg
Transportation, Tennessee Department of. „General Highway Map - Washington County, Tennessee - 1985“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1985. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/47.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1046/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „East Tennessee State University Campus Map - 1998“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/48.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1047/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „East Tennessee State University Campus Map - 2005“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/49.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1048/thumbnail.jpg
Division, Johnson City GIS. „East Tennessee State University Campus Map - 2013“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/50.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellehttps://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1049/thumbnail.jpg