Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Rapists – attitudes“
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Gari, Aikaterini, George Georgouleas, Artemis Giotsa und Eleni Anna Stathopoulou. „Greek students’ attitudes toward rape“. Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 16, Nr. 2 (15.10.2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23809.
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Literature on sexual harassment and violence against women describes a variety of myths and stereotypes regarding partial or total responsibility of rape victims and their “enjoyment” of sexual violence. Rape stigma and rape myths are aspects of generalized attitudes toward victims of rape and rapists, while it seems that sexual violence remains a taboo in today’s western societies. This study explores Greek university students’ attitudes towards rape. A questionnaire created for the purpose of this study was administered to 950 Greek students at the University of Athens and at the University of Ioannina, divided into three groups: a group of students from the Faculty of Law, a group from Departments orientated to Humanistic and Social Sciences and a group of students from other Faculties and Departments of Applied Sciences. Factor analysis revealed four factors: “Rape victim’s responsibility”, “Defining the concept of rape”, “Rape motivation” and “Rapist’s characteristics”. In line with previous research findings, the results indicated that women were less accepting of conservative attitudestowards rape than men; they also seemed to reject attitudes of “blaming the victim” more, and to hold negative views of rapists. Additionally, the results showed that students of rural origin retain more conservative attitudes with respect to the victim’s responsibility and the rapist’s characteristics than students of urban origin. Finally, students in Law Departments seemed to have accepted more moderate attitudes than the other two groups of students; they mostly disagree with conservative attitudes regarding victim’s responsibilities along with the Social Science students, but they agree more with Applied Sciences students in defining rape.
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Harmon, Garfield A., R. Glynn Owens und Michael E. Dewey. „Rapists' Versus Non-Rapists' Attitudes Toward Women: A British Study“. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 39, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9503900307.
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Meyer, Courtney A., und Tara L. Mitchell. „Rapist Development: An Investigation of Rapists' Attitudes Toward Women and Parental Style“. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 16, Nr. 1 (2011): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.jn16.1.43.
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Bass, Barry A., und Marc David Levant. „Family Perception of Rapists and Pedophiles“. Psychological Reports 71, Nr. 1 (August 1992): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.211.
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Previous research indicates that sex offenders were more likely to have been reared in dysfunctional families and to have identified less with their parents than were individuals in most comparison groups. It is unclear whether such failure to identify may be related to the perceived parenting styles and attitudes of the sex offenders' parents. 16 rapists, 18 pedophiles, 9 general offenders, and 11 college students completed the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory to assess perceived parental communication patterns and attitudes. It was predicted that rapists and pedophiles would perceive their parents as (1) having been more rejecting, (2) as having exerted more control while encouraging less autonomy, and (3) as having provided harsher discipline than would individuals in comparison groups. Results supported the first two predictions.
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Lev-Wiesel, Rachel. „Male University Students' Attitudes Toward Rape and Rapists“. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2004): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:casw.0000028452.94800.cc.
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Ward, Tony, Stephen M. Hudson und Julie McCormack. „The Assessment of Rapists“. Behaviour Change 14, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003727.
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The assessment of sexual aggression presents many difficulties for clinicians. The tendency of offenders to minimise or deny their offending, and their frequent distrust of mental health professionals, require high levels of skill to circumvent. In addition, the multifactorial nature of rape means that assessment needs to cover a broad range of content areas and utilise a number of different methods. In this paper we suggest that a comprehensive assessment should inquire into the developmental history of rapists, social competency, attitudes and beliefs about women and sexual crimes, sexual knowledge, sexual preferences and disorders, empathy, offence variables, psychiatric history, and substance abuse. The clinical interview remains the primary method of information acquisition, and needs to be tailored to match the particular interpersonal style of rapists. The use of psychometric and physiological measures are also valuable sources of clinical data.
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Scott, Ronald L., und Laurie A. Tetreault. „Attitudes of Rapists and Other Violent Offenders toward Women“. Journal of Social Psychology 127, Nr. 4 (August 1987): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1987.9713717.
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Smilan-Goldstein, Rachel. „“What about the Rapists?” The Political Psychology of Women’s Policing Attitudes“. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 44, Nr. 1 (02.01.2023): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.2023.2155387.
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Cardella, Maria, Orazio Licciardello, Claudia Castiglione und Grazia Di Marco. „The Social Representation of Sexual Violence Between "Background and Surface Attitudes" A Research with University Students“. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, Nr. 1 (02.07.2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n1.v1.241.
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The problem of "sexual violence", a central challenge of our society, keeps existing in spite of condamning stances from the institutions and the cultural world. It's a controvertial problem, especially regarding the rapists' specific behaviours and its quantitative consistence. The present paper was made with a sample of university students in order to verify the influence of gender, level and type of studies, and of psychosocial variables on the represantion of the phenomenon. The first results seem to confirm the hypotheses.
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Smith, Robert C., Richard Seltzer und Ayana Best. „White Supremacist and Racist Opinion in America 1940s–2018“. National Review of Black Politics 4, Nr. 3-4 (Juli 2023): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2023.4.3-4.100.
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Since the 2008 presidential election of Barack Obama the United States has seen a significant increase in white supremacist and overtly racist attitudes. The rise of the Tea Party in 2009 and numerous other Alt-right conservative movements seemed to foreshadow the election of a presidential candidate like Donald Trump. During his presidency, Donald Trump was arguably the first openly white supremacist and racist president since Woodrow Wilson. He referred to Black Americans as lazy, and Mexicans as rapists and spewed anti-Asian rhetoric throughout his speeches. This paper examines how white supremacist and racist attitudes have changed over time. Using the American National Elections Survey (ANES) and the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) survey data from the 1940s through 2018, we descriptively show the salience of white racist attitudes and their effect on the 2016 presidential election.
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Levett, Ann, und Louise Kuhn. „Attitudes towards Rape and Rapists: A White, English-Speaking South African Student Sample“. South African Journal of Psychology 21, Nr. 1 (März 1991): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639102100105.
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Marolla, Joseph, und Diana Scully. „Attitudes toward women, violence, and rape: A comparison of convicted rapists and other felons“. Deviant Behavior 7, Nr. 4 (Januar 1986): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1986.9967721.
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Majstorović, Vojin. „The Red Army in Yugoslavia, 1944–1945“. Slavic Review 75, Nr. 2 (2016): 396–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.75.2.396.
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AbstractThis article discusses the Red Army’s behaviour in Yugoslavia in 1944 and 1945, focusing on the issue of rape. It explores the magnitude of the sexual violence that the Soviet troops perpetrated in the country by comparing it to their conduct in the countries which fought against the Soviet Union, arguing that the Red Army behaved with relative restraint in Yugoslavia. In order to explain the Soviet soldiers and officers’ behaviour there, the article focuses on the high command’s propaganda line about Yugoslavia, the army leadership’s disciplinary policies towards rapists and other criminals in the ranks, the frontline troops’ attitudes towards the Yugoslavs, the emergence of large number of stray soldiers behind the frontlines, and some Soviet soldiers’ tendency to abuse alcohol.
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Challinor, Laura Elizabeth, und Simon Duff. „Sexual offending hierarchies, personality attributions, and the clinical implications“. Journal of Forensic Practice 19, Nr. 3 (14.08.2017): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-07-2016-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine sexual offending hierarchies constructed by the general public and forensic staff based on personal attitudes and perceived severity of offence. In addition, six sexual offence perpetrators are differentiated using the Five Factor Model of personality. Design/methodology/approach Vignettes represented six sexual offence perpetrators. Participants built a hierarchy based on perceived severity of offence, before attributing personality characteristics to each offender using a Likert-type scale. Findings Contact offenders were perceived as more dangerous than non-contact offenders. Rapists were perceived as the most dangerous, and voyeurs the least dangerous. Offenders were attributed significantly different personality traits. Generally, men who sexually offend are perceived to be low in agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness and high in impulsivity, manipulativeness and neuroticism. Practical implications The research highlights the importance of individual risk assessment in determining best practice treatment for men who have sexually offended (MSO). The Five Factor Model has been proven to be a useful tool to explore the impact staff attitudes have on risk assessment and treatment. Low-risk and high-risk MSO would benefit from divergent treatment. Consideration should be given to personality characteristics in addition to level of risk. Originality/value The research determines a hierarchy of men who sexually offend, and goes beyond the “label” of sexual offenders to explore how personality impacts on formation of attitudes.
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Prażmowska-Marcinowska, Karolina. „Impact of rape-myths on judiciary proceedings: A lack of acknowledgement in the European Court of Human Rights case-law“. Forum Polityki Kryminalnej, Nr. 1(3) (21.06.2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/fpk.2022.03.02.
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Rape myths can be defined as prejudicial, stereotyped or false beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists, and they include common opinions whereby women mean “yes” when they say “no”; women provoke rape; if a woman does not want to be raped, she will just fight back at any cost. These pervasive social attitudes can have a detrimental effect on victims of sexual violence, especially when employed by authorities during official proceedings. As such, this article aims at analyzing to what extent rape myths affect the perception of victims of sexual violence during the official proceedings on the example of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Thus the first part explains the notion of rape myths, while the second part provides an analysis of the jurisprudence of the ECHR. Lastly, the final part suggests new approach to cases concerning sexual violence.
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Suikkanen, Jussi. „The Possibility of Love Independent Reasons“. Essays in Philosophy 12, Nr. 1 (2011): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip201112116.
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In his recent work, Harry Frankfurt has defended a theory according to which an agent’s practical reasons are determined by what she happens to love. In the first section of this article, I will describe some of the awkward consequences of this view. For instance, it would turn out that not all rapists would have reasons not to rape their victims. The second section of the article explains in detail Frankfurt’s argument for his theory of reasons. The crux of this argument is that, because reasons have to be attached to significant life-changes, any attempt to show that there were love independent reasons would need to be based on a prior evaluation of significance. However, such evaluations can only be based on what we already love, or so Frankfurt argues. From this threat of circularity, Frankfurt concludes that there cannot be reasons outside the realm of the objects of our loves. The rest of the article is a critical examination of Frankfurt’s argument. It first constructs an analogical argument for reasons for beliefs. In that case, both the unacceptable consequences of the argument and its basic flaws are more transparent. It is clear that our prior beliefs are not the only epistemic standard by which the justificatory role of new experiences is to be evaluated. In the end of the article, I argue that, likewise, our prior loving attitudes cannot be the only relevant standard for assessing the significance of life-changes. This is why our reasons are not constrained by what we love.
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Duff, Simon, und Amy Tostevin. „Effects of gender, rape myth acceptance, and perpetrator occupation on perceptions of rape“. Journal of Criminal Psychology 5, Nr. 4 (02.11.2015): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2014-0019.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of gender-stereotypical beliefs and associated factors (gender, level of rape myth acceptance (RMA), and occupation) on public attitudes towards rape victims with the aim of establishing whether participant and perpetrator characteristics have effects on individuals’ attitudes towards rape victims. With regards to participants, gender, age, occupation, and the extent to which an individual endorses rape myths were investigated. The authors also considered whether participants’ attitudes were influenced by the occupation of a rapist as described in a vignette looking at occupations deemed to be stereotypically male or female. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 185 individuals participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions based on the rapist’s occupation (stereotypically male occupation, gender-neutral occupation or stereotypically female occupation). Participants completed an online survey consisting of a RMA questionnaire, read a short vignette depicting a rape scenario (where they were also informed of the perpetrator’s occupation) and completed a further questionnaire on their attitudes towards rape victims. Results were examined by regression. Findings – The results indicate that both participant occupation and level of RMA significantly contributed to attitudes towards rape victims, however, a statistically significant effect for rapist occupation was not found. Originality/value – Findings are discussed in terms of implications for individuals working within services supporting victims of rape and the potential consequences of holding stereotypical beliefs for rape victims and perpetrators. It is important that research identifies those factors that might bias decision making in the legal system and thus impact upon outcomes for victims and offenders.
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Yarmey, A. Daniel. „Attitudes and Sentencing for Sexual Assault as a Function of Age and Sex of Subjects“. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 4, Nr. 1 (März 1985): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800015804.
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ABSTRACTA total of 768 older and younger men and women with average ages of 58 and 20 years, respectively, made judgments of recommended imprisonment for a rapist after learning about one of eight different versions of sexual assaults. Younger subjects in contrast to older subjects recommended longer sentences. The most severe sentences were given by young males for the assault of a demure woman. Older males were least punitive in sentencing. A reliable interaction among age of subjects, sex of subjects and victim demeanor indicated that younger and older women recommended similar jail sentences when a demure woman was victimized but older women were less punitive when a provocative woman was assaulted. The demeanor of the rapist (well-dressed vs. poorly-dressed) and the resistance/nonresistance of the victim failed to influence sentencing. Older persons and males were found to hold reliably higher anti-victim, pro-rape myth sentiments than younger adults and females.
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Mitaitė, A., und K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė. „INFORMACIJOS APIE SEKSUALINĘ PRIEVARTĄ PATEIKIMO YPATUMŲ ĮTAKA STUDENČIŲ POŽIŪRIUI Į TOKIĄ PRIEVARTĄ“. Psichologija 48 (01.01.2013): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2627.
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Tyrimu siekiama nustatyti prievartautojo, aukos, respondenčių charakteristikų ir lingvistikos priemonių įtaką studenčių seksualinės prievartos vertinimui. Tiriamos charakteristikos: 1) auka pažįstama / nepažįstama su prievartautoju, 2) auka blaivi / vartojusi alkoholio, 3) seksualinė prievarta apibūdinama terminu išžaginimas / nenorimi lytiniai santykiai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad seksualinės prievartos aukos vertinamos nevienodai – kaip kaltesnės dėl seksualinės prievartos patyrimo, kai jos pažįsta prievartautoją ir kai vartojamas terminas „nenorimi lytiniai santykiai“, nei kai jos nepažįsta prievartautojo ir vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“. Tačiau vartojamas terminas neturi didesnės įtakos seksualinės prievartos vertinimui, nei aukos ir prievartautojo santykio tipas. Prievartautojas laikomas kaltesniu ir nusipelniusiu griežtesnės bausmės, kai vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“, o ne „nenorimi lytiniai santykiai“, ir tai turi daugiau įtakos vertinimui nei aukos ir prievartautojo santykis ar aukos būsena (blaivumas / apsvaigimas). Studentės teigia dažniau pranešiančios apie patirtą seksualinę prievartą, jei būtų vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“, prievartautojas būtų nepažįstamas ir jos būtų nevartojusios alkoholio. Studenčių studijuojama specialybė ir studijų kursas nėra reikšmingai susiję su jų požiūriu į seksualinę prievartą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: seksualinė prievarta, seksualinės prievartos vertinimas. Effect of information about sexual assault presentation specificities of female students’ attitude towards sexual assaultMitaitė A., Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė K. SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of the characteristics of a rapist and a victim on the sexual assault assessment of female students.200 respondents participated in the research. 43.5% of them were 1st year, 52.0% – 2nd year, 3.5% – 3rd year, and 1 – 4th year female students of the Vytautas Magnus University. Their average age was 19.89 years (SD 1.009).The respondents have been presented with a research instrument composed of demographic questions, sexual assault scenarios of A. Wilkinson (8 versions), and questions related to the sexual assault scenarios. Each scenario was followed by five scales: Behavioral Blame (BB), Character Blame (CB), Punishment (P), Victim Reporting (VR), and Reporting (R). Each scale consisted of three questions, and responses were obtained on a 7-point Likert scale. All scenarios contain an identical sexual assault situation. However, three characteristics are manipulated with: 1) the victim is acquainted / unacquainted with the rapist, 2) the victim is sober / under the influence, 3) the sexual assault is defined by the term of rape / unwanted sex.The results of the research show that victims of sexual assault are assessed unequally. It has been found that sexual assault victims are blamed for their behavior as being more provocative for the sexual assault when they know the rapist (β = –0.412;p = 0.0001) and the term “unwanted sex” is used(β = 0.173; p < 0.009) in comparison with the situation when the rapist is a stranger and the assault is defined as “a rape”. Similarly, sexual assault victims are blamed for their character as being more responsible for the sexual assault when they know the rapist(β = -0.156; p = 0.024), and the term “unwanted sex” is used (β = 0.246; p = 0.001) in comparison with the situation when the rapist is a stranger and the assault is defined as “a rape”. However, the fact that the victim has consumed / not consumed alcohol does not have a significant effect on her blame (p > 0.05). Also, it has been found that the rapist is more responsible and deserving a stricter punishment, when the term “rape” is used, in comparison with the term “unwanted sex” (β = –0.363; p < 0.0001), and this issue has a more significant effect than the victim’s relation with the rapist (β = 0.285; p < 0.0001) or the victim’s condition (consumed / not consumed alcohol) (p < 0.05). Lastly, respondents think that the victim tends to report about sexual assault more often when the term “rape” is used (β = –0.330; p < 0.0001) and the rapist is unacquainted with the victim (β = 0.203; p = 0.002). Also respondents hypothetically think that they personally would report about a sexual assault more often when they would be sober (β = 0.150;p = 0.033), they would not know the rapist (β = 0.157;p = 0.023), and the term “rape” would used (β = –0.232; p = 0.001). Additionally respondents demographic characteristics (the year of study and the study field) were not significant predictors of their attitudes towards sexual assault (p < 0.05).Key words: sexual assault, sexual assault assessment.
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Walter, Gamy. „The Naming of Our Species: Appellations for the Psychiatrist“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 25, Nr. 1 (März 1991): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679109077726.
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A number of appellations for the psychiatrist are discussed from a historical, semantic and political perspective. Many are ambiguous, which may reflect an ambivalent attitude towards those who manage mental illness. The current designations, “headshrinker”, “shrink” and “trick-cyclist” have considerable scope for interpretation. The expression “psycho, the rapist” may signify a disturbing “postambivalent” linguistic stage. The profession's potential responses to this development are considered.
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Wiener, Jonathan M., und Joel Williamson. „The "Black Beast Rapist": White Racial Attitudes in the Postwar South“. Reviews in American History 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 1985): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702414.
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Petruccelli, I., G. D’ Urso, A. Gherardini, S. Grilli, F. Nimbi und V. Verrastro. „Cognitive Distortions and Moral Disengagement in Sex Offenders: A Study in Order to Develop a Possible Treatment“. Klinička psihologija 9, Nr. 1 (13.06.2016): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0008.
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Objective: The literature on sexual offenders (SOs) has considered cognitive distortions, defence mechanisms and moral disengagement mechanisms as risk factors in the individual history. Recent literature focuses on how both the concepts of moral disengagement (Bandura et al. 1996) and self-serving cognitive distortions (Barriga and Gibbs 1996) constitute a group of cognitive processes. These processes help to cognitively overcome dissonance between personal moral standards and behavioral transgressions, facilitating violent or, in general, wrong acts (Ribeaud and Eisner 2010). This pilot study investigates moral disengagement mechanisms and cognitive distortions in detained male SO to make treatment effective, taking into account the link between these two constructs. Design and Method: The study sample consisted of 101 males detained in some Italian prisons. Participants were administered a Socio-demographic Data Grid, the Moral Disengagement Scale, the Vindictive Rape Attitudes Questionnaire and the Hanson Supportive Attitudes Questionnaire. Results: Moral disengagement presents a significant correlation with all aspects of examined cognitive distortions (CD) [CD (child): r=.336, p<.01; CD “Sex Kids: r= .278, p<.01; CD “Sexual Entitlement”: r= .375, p<.01; CD (rapist): r= .299, p<.01]. Child molesters’ cognitive distortions are correlated with displacement of responsibility [r= .381; p<.01] and distortion of consequences [r= .278; p<.01]. Cognitive distortions about “sexual entitlement” are correlated with moral justification (r= .284; p<.01), attribution of blame [r= .304; p<.01], euphemistic labeling [r= .274; p<.01], displacement of responsibility (r= .418; p<.01) and distortions of consequences [r= .273; p<.01]. Rapist cognitive distortions present significant correlations with attribution of blame [r= .348; p<.01] and displacement of responsibility [r= .265; p<.01]. Cognitive Distortions, measured by “Sex Kids” subscale, present a moderate correlation with moral justification [r= .222; p<.05], displacement of responsibility [r= .234; p<.05] and distortion of consequences [r= .242; p<.05]. Conclusions: Our results suggest that moral disengagement and self-serving cognitive distortions often are present in the very same cognitive processes and that these processes tend to influence sex offenders’ behaviour (Ribeaud and Eisner, 2010). The correlation between child molester cognitive distortion and Displacement of Responsibility might be explained by an immaturity of the subject and the relative difficulty in relating to an adult preferring contact with child. The correlations between cognitive distortions rapist and Attribution of Blame and Displacement of Responsibility (MDM) could be referred to the offender’s idea that some aspects of the victim (Ex. Being too provocative) justify his violent behaviour against him/her. This study could be interesting to organize specific guidelines for treatment of the offenders and especially for the relapse prevention.
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Shrivastava, Nidhi. „Leslee Udwin’s India’s Daughter (2015), the power of storytelling and question of social change in the #MeToo era“. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 10, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00056_1.
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In an op-ed, Leslee Udwin, the filmmaker of the controversial but meaningful documentary, India’s Daughter speaks of the tensions she faced in India amidst her film’s release. After her movie was banned in India, she abruptly left the country to avoid arrest. Her film explores the complexities and nuances of the 2012 Delhi rape case. It drew criticism when the trailer was released because it allegedly focused on the rapist’s narrative. Drawing upon my interview with Udwin and archival research, I explore the multitude of ways in which Leslee’s position as a powerful storyteller and an outsider influenced her documentary’s success within and outside of India. A medium of social change, Udwin’s documentary underscores the patriarchal and misogynistic attitudes that continue to exist while simultaneously challenging the role of the state, politicians and law enforcement who are in charge of protecting women’s rights.
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Hogue, Todd E., und Jason Peebles. „The influence of remorse, intent and attitudes toward sex offenders on judgments of a rapist“. Psychology, Crime & Law 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1997): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10683169708410821.
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Cabrera, Laura Y., K. Parker und I. E. Vega. „Knowledge and Attitudes of two Latino Groups about Alzheimer Disease: a Qualitative Study“. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 36, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-021-09432-0.
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AbstractClustering Latinos under a single group in Alzheimer Disease (AD) research, neglects, among other things cultural and environmental differences. To address this, we examine knowledge and attitudes about AD among two Latino groups. We held 5 focus groups and 2 interviews all in Spanish with Mexicans and Puerto Ricans between 40 and 60 years old living in the Grand Rapids area in Michigan. Using content analysis of the discussions, we identified themes related to knowledge, attitudes and concerns about AD and caregiving. A total of 20 Mexicans and 9 Puerto Ricans participated. Improving knowledge and awareness, barriers and home-based family care were important themes in both Latino groups. Puerto Rican groups raised more concerns about the disease, whereas lack of knowledge was a key theme among Mexican participants. The exploratory study is a first step in promoting research that is attentive to the commonalities and differences of Latino groups and in continuing efforts to enhance health literacy among these groups.
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Hobbins-White, Phil. „From Pacifists to Cowboys to Torturers: The Different Representations of the US Military and Intelligence Agencies in Post-9/11 American War Films“. [Inter]sections 9, Nr. 23 (04.01.2021): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/inter.9.23.2.
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The horrifying images of the terrorist attacks on New York’s World Trade Center on 11 September 2001, in which three thousand civilians were killed, have become some of the most famous images ever committed to film or television. In the decade following the attacks, a wealth of war films were released, including Redacted (Brian De Palma, 2007), The Hurt Locker (Kathryn Bigelow, 2009) and Zero Dark Thirty (Kathryn Bigelow, 2012) amongst many others. Many films from this period of US cinema addressed both the 9/11 attacks as well as the US military’s conflicts in various countries suspected of harboring terrorist groups. When analyzing the ways the military and intelligence agencies (such as the CIA) are represented in some US films from this period, it becomes clear that such representations changed over just a few years: Redacted showed the military to be polarized–a place for pacifists, rapists and murderers. The Hurt Locker later depicted successful soldiers as having a “gung ho” attitude, and the military as a permanent fixture in Iraq. Finally, Zero Dark Thirty included scenes of CIA torture, which is suggested as being necessary and justified. Surprisingly, however, the ways the military and intelligence agencies are represented in these films did not necessarily mirror the political change that was occurring.
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Fauve-Chamoux, Antoinette. „Innovation et comportement parental en milieu urbain (XVe-XIXe siècles)“. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 40, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1985): 1023–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1985.283219.
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Contraception, mise en nourrice, illégitimité et abandon des enfants, toutes formes de comportement parental, émergent en ville à l'époque moderne, simultanément dans des milieux sociaux fort divers. Alors que certaines pratiques familiales résistent fortement à la campagne aux nouveautés imposées par la diffusion de la science (hygiène) ou par la législation (Code civil), on est frappé de voir s'introduire avec succès en ville des modifications profondes et rapides du comportement parental. Comme la part du culturel paraît dominante dans les attitudes à l'égard des enfants en bas âge, face à la part socio-économique ou médico-écologique, on serait tenté de différencier culture paysanne, rigide, et culture urbaine, ouverte à l'innovation. Voilà qui serait bien simpliste, car monde urbain et monde rural ne sont pas seulement en contact permanent : ils sont en perpétuel mélange.
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Jalladaud, Mathilde, Mike Lahmi und Corinne Lallam. „Savoir analyser le morphotype parodontal pour minimiser les risques de récessions parodontales“. L'Orthodontie Française 88, Nr. 1 (23.02.2017): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2017001.
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Introduction : Le morphotype parodontal est un élément principal à considérer au cours des thérapeutiques chirurgicales, implantaires, prothétiques, restauratrices et également orthodontiques. Lorsqu’il s’avère fragile, les conséquences cliniques peuvent être rapides, sévères et inquiétantes pour les patients. Matériels et méthodes : Afin de minimiser les risques, une bonne connaissance des différents morphotypes mais également des moyens de les évaluer cliniquement présente un enjeu majeur. Les auteurs de cet article détaillent ces différents points. Ces facteurs sont à réévaluer régulièrement car le morphotype est susceptible de varier tout au long du traitement. Résultats : Déceler, puis contrôler les facteurs de risque muco-gingivaux permet d’adopter la bonne attitude clinique pour prévenir l’apparition de récessions secondaires ou autres pathologies gingivales.
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Petursson, Pétur. „The Relevance of Secularization in Iceland“. Social Compass 35, Nr. 1 (Februar 1988): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776868803500108.
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La situation religieuse en Islande est discutée par rapport aux récentes données comparatives concernant les attitudes et les com portements religieux dans un certain nombre de pays européens et non-européens, spécialement dans les pays nordiques. Les Islan dais sonr profondéments religieux, mais leur religion, même si elle ne prend nullement des formes anticléricales, n'est pas orientée vers l'Eglise. Elle est surtout privée et individuelle. La pratique religieuse est très faible (comme en Suède). Cette religiosité, qui entretient visiblement des rapports avec le sentiment du bonheur en général (un des problèmes soulevés dans cette étude d'ensemble engagée au plan international), doit bien aller de pair avec le point de vue matérialiste moderne sur la vie et la foi, point de vue qui est celui de la science et de la technologie dans leur effort pour améliorer la vie humaine dans l'avenir. La religion a une fonction psychologique; celle de rassurer les gens vivant en un temps de rapides changements, dans un petit pays dépendant de facteurs économiques pour lesquels il dispose de très peu de moyens de contrôle.
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Saktaganova, Indira, Svetlana Surkova, Baurzhan Smatlayev, Alpysbai Zhussupov und Kanat Abdilov. „Effectiveness of human protection from domestic violence under the administrative legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan“. RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' 13, Nr. 1 (November 2023): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2023-001-s1018.
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At present, domestic violence is an epidemic not only in Kazakhstan, but throughout the world. Crimes in this area, according to the research of many concerned organi- sations, do not stop decreasing. During the global pandemic, cases of family conflicts have become more frequent, which become public through social networks due to the low level of legislative protection of victims from family rapists. The purpose of this study is to develop the most effective measures to protect victims of domestic violence. This study extensively used general and special scientific methods, as well as theoretical and empirical methods. The leading approach to the investigation of the problem under study involved the method of analysing the situation and the ap- plicable legislation. One of the reasons for domestic violence in Kazakhstan is the weak legislative system in the field of protection and prevention of domestic vio- lence, regulated by administrative legislation, as well as the low responsibility of law enforcement agencies in the performance of their official duties. The consequences of domestic violence reveal the overall picture of the decomposition of the "social unit", which contributes to a negative attitude towards the institution of marriage and the normal relationship of relatives. As a result of the author's research, this study examines the content of domestic violence from the standpoint of crime and miscon- duct based on the legislation of Kazakhstan. The subjective composition of domestic relations is considered not only from the standpoint of legal marriage, but also co- habitation-wise. The study investigates the world statistics and practice on the effec- tiveness of combating domestic violence not only in Kazakhstan, but also in the world. The research-to-practice significance of this paper lies in the proposals to improve the situation with domestic aggressors and the development of measures for more effective protection of a person from domestic violence.
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Mohamed Habib, Khadhraoui. „Les rapports des acteurs de l’animation socioculturelle avec leur nouvel environnement social en Tunisie“. Revue internationale animation, territoires et pratiques socioculturelles, Nr. 5 (11.12.2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55765/atps.i5.235.
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Cet article examine la dialectique permanente entre la dynamique sociale et l’animation en Tunisie. Il met également en relief la forte corrélation entre les pratiques d’animation et ses institutions ainsi que les changements rapides affectant la société tunisienne. La transformation sociale actuelle en Tunisie passe par une phase de transition visant à établir un nouveau projet sociétal. Ce dernier est affirmé par des attitudes différentes selon les acteurs, donnant ainsi des sens multiples au processus de transition dont certains se qualifient comme étant positifs puisqu’ils optent pour la construction (la nouvelle constitution, les médias et le système judiciaire, les élections et la justice transitionnelle) et d’autres comme étant négatifs tendant vers la démolition et le chaos. Ces derniers sont motivés par des intérêts individuels et par des idéologies de gauche comme de droite (la violence sociale et la violence politique, l’addiction, l’immigration illégale et la criminalité individuelle et organisée). Les questions qui se posent alors sont : Comment a réagi le secteur de l’animation en Tunisie vis-à-vis de cette réalité et de ces faits? L’animation socioculturelle restera-t-elle en dehors de cette dynamique ? Comment faire pour se positionner comme l’un des acteurs stratégiques pour la reconfiguration sociale et la reconstruction des liens sociaux ?
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BOUKHELEF, Faiza. „Investigating Students’ Attitudes Towards Integrating Machine Translation in the EFL Classroom: The case of Google Translate“. Langues & Cultures 5, Nr. 01 (30.06.2024): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.62339/jlc.v5i01.243.
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This paper delves into the potential of machine translation tools, with a specific focus on Google Translate, to expand their role beyond traditional translation tasks to enhance language learning in EFL classrooms. While machine translation tools have become integral to translator training programs, their utilization in language education remains limited and understudied. The present study attempts to highlight the promising avenues for innovative pedagogy in language education by incorporating machine translation tools and EFL students’ attitudes towards them. It explores the application of machine translation in the context of English language acquisition for non-native speakers. The results demonstrate that students consider machine translation as a useful strategy to learn English, and Google Translate (GT) offers advantages in vocabulary expansion and quick translations. However, its limitations, such as reduced accuracy for longer texts and the inability to process idiomatic expressions, necessitate careful consideration when integrating it into language learning curricula. GT can serve as a supplementary tool to support learners, but it should not replace conventional language learning methods. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the need for cautious guidance and monitoring when utilizing automated translation to ensure effective language learning outcomes, bridging the gap between translation and language education while acknowledging the tool's limitations. Résumé Cet article explore le potentiel des outils de traduction automatique, avec un accent particulier sur Google Translate, en élargissant leur rôle au-delà des tâches de traduction traditionnelles pour améliorer l'apprentissage des langues dans les classes EFL. Bien que les outils de traduction automatique soient devenus une partie intégrante des programmes de formation des traducteurs, leur utilisation dans l'enseignement des langues reste limitée et peu étudiée. La présente étude tente de mettre en évidence les pistes prometteuses pour une pédagogie innovante dans l'enseignement des langues en intégrant les outils de traduction automatique et les attitudes des étudiants EFL à leur égard. Cet article explore l'application de la traduction automatique dans le contexte de l'acquisition de la langue anglaise pour les locuteurs non natifs. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants considèrent la traduction automatique comme une stratégie utile pour apprendre l'anglais, et Google Translate (GT) offre des avantages dans l'expansion du vocabulaire et les traductions rapides. Cependant, ses limites, telles que la précision réduite des textes plus longs et l'incapacité à traiter les expressions idiomatiques, nécessitent une attention particulière lors de leur intégration dans les programmes d'apprentissage des langues. GT peut servir d'outil supplémentaire pour soutenir les apprenants, mais ne devrait pas remplacer les méthodes conventionnelles d'apprentissage des langues. Enfin, cette recherche met l'accent sur la nécessité d'une orientation et d'un suivi prudent dans l'utilisation de la traduction automatisée pour assurer des résultats d'apprentissage linguistique efficaces, combler l'écart entre la traduction et l'éducation linguistique tout en reconnaissant les limites de l'outil.
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Crawley, Karen, und Olivera Simic. „Telling stories of rape, revenge and redemption in the age of the TED talk“. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, Nr. 2 (14.05.2018): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018771117.
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The last few years have witnessed increasing discussion of sexual violence in the mainstream media and public debate in North America and elsewhere, especially with the most recent wave of sexual assault and harassment allegations in entertainment, media and public institutions, called the #MeToo campaign. Despite the view that men must be engaged in this conversation in order to be effective at preventing violence and changing deep-seated patriarchal attitudes, the place of male voices in this ongoing conversation is hotly in question. This article analyzes an unusual and controversial project by Thordis Elva and Tom Stranger, who, 20 years after Stranger raped Elva, produced a TED talk (2016) watched by over 3 million people, and a jointly written book, South of Forgiveness (Elva and Stranger, 2017), detailing their story of forgiveness and redemption. The first part of this article situates this unprecedented victim-rapist enterprise within the history of feminist anti-rape politics and men’s involvement in that politics, arguing that this project both instantiates, and critiques, an appeal to the ‘good man’. The second part analyzes the book South of Forgiveness as a survivor story that is more complex than the highly reductive format of a TED talk allows, and shows how its uneasy fit within the putative frameworks of ‘restorative’ or informal justice (as Elva and others claim it to be) is a function of the unacknowledged dimension to the performance in the form of revenge. The third part of the article turns to Elva’s and Stranger’s public performances that began with the TED talk and book tour, which we attended, to show how this function of revenge played out theatrically and implicates the spectator as bystander and witness. We conclude by reflecting upon the implications of listening to male perpetrators speak against sexual violence against women and our responsibility towards these questions as feminist legal academics.
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Vaida, Taras. „Emergency medical and legal assistance for victims of war-time rape“. ScienceRise: Juridical Science, Nr. 2(24) (30.06.2023): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2023.283401.
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The relevance of the problem of crimes against sexual freedom (rapes), committed by the military men of the aggressor country in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, is determined as a direct violation of domestic legislation and international norms of humanitarian law.
The essence of the crime against sexual freedom and human inviolability as a socio-legal problem and a personal tragedy in the conditions of war is revealed. Attention is paid to the provision of psychological and pre-medical assistance to victims of sexual violence. The organizational and legal response measures of law enforcement agencies and other social institutions of the state to rapes, committed by the occupiers, are revealed, the procedure for investigation and documentation by a special mobile police group of facts of sexual violence by the occupiers is characterised. Recommendations for overcoming agraphobia are given.
In order to provide effective emergency medical and legal assistance to victims of rape in wartime, prevention of agraphobia, it is advisable to take into account a set of conditions: 1) in order to minimize the victim's destructive experiences of rape, it is advisable to use the technique of self-meditation and dissociation, to promote conviction about the guilt of the rapist-occupier; 2) pay attention to medical self-help, taking into account the existing contraindications to the use of available medical products, if possible, contact a gynecologist for a medical examination (avoidance of unwanted pregnancy); 3) provide operational information to law enforcement agencies about the facts of committed crimes, the location of victims, etc., to increase the efficiency of the investigation; 4) to conduct active monitoring of the specified problem by police units in the liberated territories; 5) to carry out mandatory documentation of the fact of the crime in accordance with legal requirements; 6) to take into account certain limitations in the attitude/communication with the injured person in order to avoid further psychological injury
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Yi, Irene. „Sociolinguistically-aware computational models of Mandarin-English codeswitching“. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, Nr. 1 (05.05.2022): 5247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5247.
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Current research on computational modeling of codeswitching has focused on the use of syntactic constraints as model predictors (Li & Fung 2014; Li & Vu 2019). However, proposed syntactic constraints (Poplack 1978; Poplack 1980; Myers-Scotton 1993; Belazi et al. 1994) are largely based around Spanish-English codeswitching, and are violated repeatedly (and potentially systematically) by codeswitching involving other languages. Thus, a computational model trained on these syntactic constraints, when applied to codeswitching involving languages that are not Spanish-English, may not capture the naturalistic patterns of those languages in codeswitching contexts. This paper demonstrates the value of sociolinguistic factors as predictors in training a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model on novel Mandarin-English codeswitch data, which come from 12 bilingual speakers of two different generations from Grand Rapids, Michigan. Participants also answered metalinguistic questions about their own language practices and attitudes and completed a written Language History Questionnaire (LHQ) (Li et al. 2020), which asked for self-evaluations of language habits (proficiency, immersion, and dominance in the two languages). LHQ responses were then quantified into numerical scores serving as sociolinguistic predictors in the CART model. The model, which highlighted that age, L2 Dominance, and L1 Immersion were among the top predictors, achieved an accuracy of 0.804 with the area under its ROC curve being 0.692. This is comparable to, if not more powerful than, previous computational studies (e.g. Li & Fung 2014) that trained models using only proposed syntactic constraints as predictors. This paper shows the importance of sociolinguistic factors in computational research previously focused on syntactic constraints; the intersection of these methodologies could improve a cross-linguistic and computational understanding of codeswitching patterns.
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Воробей, В. М. „CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS COMMITTING C EXEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST A PERSON IN FAMILY OR CLOSE RELATIONS“. Juridical science, Nr. 3(105) (30.03.2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.03.
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The relevance of the article is that today to prevent sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship, at the present stage requires complete and accurate knowledge of the true state of this phenomenon, which, in turn, requires information about the level, structure, dynamics, geography of sexual crime, as well as the perpetrators. In modern society, everyone has the right to protection of their rights and freedoms, and, especially, an adult and mentally healthy person - the right to choose a partner for sexual intercourse and not to allow any coercion in the field of sexual intercourse. The state and society have a particularly responsible attitude to the protection of the sexual integrity of a person who has not reached sexual maturity or, due to subjective or objective factors, does not have sexual freedom. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, criminal liability is provided for sexual violence. In addition, the fight against sexual violence should be comprehensive and not limited to criminal law. The article clarifies the value of the criminological characteristic of sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship. The components of the criminological characteristics of sexual violence in relation to this category of persons were identified. On the basis of the empirical researches the author has developed a criminological characteristic of sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship. It is concluded that a comprehensive study of the identity of the offender who committed sexual violence against persons in a family or close relationship should not be limited to the establishment of certain features that only characterize the personality, and conducted with the necessary depth in their interaction, which is a guarantee more complete identification of the components of the genesis of the rapist's personality in order to use adequate means to correct it and prevent him from committing new crimes. Knowledge of the personality of the studied criminals helps to solve the problem of combating sexual violence against a person in a family or close relationship, in particular, increase the effectiveness of individual prevention of perpetrators of violence and resocialization of convicts.
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Molchanov, B. A., und M. V. Novikov. „SUBJECTIVE SIGNS OF THE COMPOSITION OF CRIMES IN THE LAWS OF THE STATES OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE“. Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, Nr. 3 (28.06.2017): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-3-167-175.
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The paper discusses formation and development of criminal legislation on the subject and subjective signs of the crime in the countries of medieval Europe within the comparative jurisprudence. The authors note that the level of culture and statehood in any society and its government bodies as a whole depends on the attitude of the society and the state to those who committed unlawful, criminally punishable acts. On the materials of criminal law in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages (Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece, etc.) a strict liability was in law-enforcement practice. New states were formed during the Middle Ages. That led to the need of strengthening their authority of state power and statehood. Consequently, the state got the right to protect the interests of the individual and society, and the right to creation a new criminal legislation and its institutions. The church survived after liquidation of many public and state institutions. On the one hand, it contributed to the preservation of scientific achievements of the Ancient World. On the other hand, the church deprived science of free critical attitude to the issues under study. Philosophy and jurisprudence were based on theology. Criminal-legal institutions could be developed only in the direction, which had been approved by the church. Clearly, the idea of protecting the rights of the individual, strict liability and conditions of sanity could not be widely applied. As soon as the states were originated, strict liability was necessary to stop the blood feud and delegation of the judiciary from the society to the state. The obtained knowledge about the world and deeper understanding of the causality of what is happening facilitated the process. From the political point of view, theology (a Christian doctrine) influenced the criminal law policy in Medieval Time. The legislator regulated a range of subjects of the crime. In X - XI centuries, ancient ideas of strict liability were accepted in Europe. Crimes were divided into willful and not deliberate. The principle of the personal guilty is directly related to the subject of the crime. Murderers, rapists, thieves, swindlers and others were declared criminals. Judicial practice of many times and peoples gives us numerous examples confirming the existence of views on the animal as a subject of crime. Age limits of legal responsibility were defined as the minority, which is different from the social maturity, and sometimes old age, were considered the reason for the undisputed crime blamed of a crime to a subject. People under 14 years old could not be subjected to the death penalty, except when "malice can make up for the lack of age". The authors pay attention to the fact that the interests of healthy individuals guided medieval jurisprudence and medicine. They also regulated peculiarities of the healthy individuals’ legal capacity, presence of dementia and mental illnesses, etc. The mitigation of punishment in some cases when the fault of the subject of the crime was absent, fixing the criminal-legal significance of the motive of the crime, intent and some other subjective features in the legislation were a progress. Studies of the Medieval European States shows that the legislator at that time did not formulate general signs of the subject of the crime and did not know the criminal legal concept of strict liability. However, there was a need to solve the problem. Thus, the paper discusses the essence of the criminal legal significance of the сorpus delicti, its place in the criminal law and law enforcement practiceю. The authors used scientific literature of both foreign and Russian
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Ellens, J. Harold. „The Dead Sea Scrolls on Sexuality; Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Sectarian and Related Literature at Qumran William Loader Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2009. pp. 439 + x, cloth $44.00.“ CrossCurrents 62, Nr. 2 (Juni 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3881.2012.00236.x.
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Hrynkow, Christopher. „Christian Attitudes to War, Peace and Revolution. By John Howard Yoder; edited by Theodore J.Koontz and AndyAlexis-Baker. Pp. 472, Grand Rapids, MI, Brazos Press, 2009. $36.00/£15.99.“ Heythrop Journal 53, Nr. 5 (08.08.2012): 842–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2012.00757_6.x.
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Wright, Benjamin G. „Loader, William. The Pseudepigrapha on Sexuality: Attitudes toward Sexuality in Apocalypses, Testaments, Legends, Wisdom, and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2011. viii+571 pp. $65.00 (paper).“ Journal of Religion 94, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675510.
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Mattsson, Per-Olof. „Ett nationellt-proletärt novellepos“. Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, Nr. 2 (01.01.2013): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10849.
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A National-Proletarian Epic of Short Stories. Ivar Lo-Johansson’s Statarna
This essay explores Ivar Lo-Johansson’s epic collection of short stories Statarna (1936–37). The collection is chronologically ordered and centres on the lives of rural proletarians (statare) in Sweden from the concluding decades of the 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Ivar Lo-Johansson is generally regarded as an icon of Swedish working-class literature, and Statarna is one of the real cornerstones of Lo-Johansson’s self-created public myth. This article aims to show that the basic ideological position of the author and his epic is based on national stereotypes (a point that may be further supported with reference to his 1920’s travel books). Statarna contains several stories that touch upon the so-called ”Galizier question”, referring to the transport of rural workers from the south-eastern parts of Poland to Sweden. These workers became known as Galizians, even if they came from other parts of Eastern Europe. These stories articulate a xenophobic attitude to these workers in line with the dominant reaction of the trade unions and the labour movement in general at the time. The ”Galizians” were regarded as intruders, with a lower morale than Swedish workers, and representative of the lowest species of labour power. This was especially true in those cases where the Galizians were used as scabs (strike breakers) during strikes. The narrator doesn’t sympathise with the domestic rural workers when they become used to the presence of the ”intruders”. In one story, ”Galizierna”, in which a young woman is raped, the woman is avenged when the rapist (who is, of course, one of the ”Galizierna”) is killed by a horse. Such stories are also based on national stereotypes. After writing his famous epic, in the early 1940’s, the author wrote a program for what he called the ”social short story”. This program is also based on nationalist arguments. Swedish authors are advised to orient towards the process of social development in Sweden at the time. The process behind the building of the welfare state – the Swedish welfare state, which, according to the author’s preferences for national stereotypes, is described as unique – is the appropriate subject for creating a Swedish short story that can be identified as Swedish, and only as Swedish. The idea was never to create an epic with close ties to working-class literature internationally.
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Lemos, T. M. „The Dead Sea Scrolls on Sexuality: Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Sectarian and Related Literature from Qumran. By William Loader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009. Paperback. Pp. x + 439. US$ 44.00. ISBN 978-0-8028-6391-1.“ Dead Sea Discoveries 20, Nr. 1 (2013): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-12341255.
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Kazmina, O. E. „BOOK REVIEW: TISHA M. RAJENDRA. 2017. MIGRANTS AND CITIZENS: JUSTICE AND RESPONSIBILITY IN THE ETHICS OF IMMIGRATION. GRAND RAPIDS (MICHIGAN): WILLIAM B. EERDMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY, 179 P“. Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), Nr. 2022 №2 (07.06.2022): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2022-2/333-339.
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Книга Т. Раджендры предельно актуальна. Главный аргумент автора заключается в том, что для понимания современного миграционного кризиса и справедливого распределения ответственности между гражданами и мигрантами современные взаимоотношения местных и пришлых необходимо поставить в исторический контекст. Жаркие споры и неоднозначное отношение к беженцам и мигрантам в принимающих странах создают, по мнению Т. Раджендры, разные, порой диаметрально противоположные нарративы, нередко содержащие исторические неточности и даже откровенную ложь. Справедливость по отношению к мигрантам, по ее мнению, требует исправления этих неточностей, вымыслов и фальсификаций, создания нарративов, которые бы более верно отражали отношения между гражданами и мигрантами. Поэтому неточные и неполные нарративы должны быть заменены полными нарративами, верно отражающими сложившуюся реальность. Т. Раджендра приходит к выводу, что для адекватного ответа на этические вопросы об обязательствах граждан по отношению к мигрантам и потенциальным мигрантам и об основаниях этих обязательств необходимы не только новые нарративы, но и новое представление о справедливости, которое обращается скорее к понятиям «обязательства», «ответственность», чем к обычно применяемому в дискурсе о мигрантах понятию «права человека». Такое понимание справедливости она обозначает «справедливость как ответственность в отношениях». Книга Т. Раджендры заставляет по‑иному взглянуть на миграционный кризис и проблему нелегальных мигрантов, дает новый подход к переосмыслению и реконструированию нарративов об иммиграции — этой сложной и противоречивой реальности наших дней. The publication of T. Rajendra’s book is very timely. The author’s main argument is that for understanding the contemporary migration crisis and fair distributions of responsibilities between citizens and migrants, current relations between locals and newcomers should be put into historical context. Heated debates and ambiguous attitudes towards refugees and migrants in receiving countries create, according to Rajendra, different, sometimes diametrically opposed narratives, which often contain historical inaccuracies and even barefaced lies. She thinks that justice to migrants requires correcting these inaccuracies, fiction, and falsifications and creating narratives more truly describing relations between citizens and migrants. Hence, these inaccurate and incomplete narratives should be replaced with fuller narratives faithful to reality. Rajendra concludes that an adequate answer to ethical questions about citizens’ responsibilities to migrants and potential migrants and the bases of these responsibilities requires not only new narratives but also new accounts on justice grounded on the ideas of responsibilities rather than the ideas of human rights that are typically used in the migration discourse. She calls it “justice as responsibility to relationships”. T. Rajendra’s book provides a fresh look at the migration crisis and the problem of undocumented migrants and offers a new approach to the reimagination and reconstruction of narratives about immigration — this complex and contradictory reality of our days.
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March, W. Eugene. „Philo, Josephus, and the Testaments on Sexuality: Attitudes towards Sexuality in the Writings of Philo and Josephus and in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs. By William Loader. Grand Rapids, Michigan/Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011. Pp. xii + 476. $65.00.“ Horizons in Biblical Theology 34, Nr. 1 (2012): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187122012x640943.
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Jamoulle, Marc. „Commentary on the article by Pizzanelli“. Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 9, Nr. 31 (27.12.2013): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc9(31)865.
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Peu après l’accouchement de son cinquième enfant ma soeur a consulté son gynécologue. Elle sentait une masse dans son sein et était inquiète. Il l’a rassuré. Elle l’a cru. On était en Espagne, dans les années 80. Ma soeur était avocate et mère de famille. Une femme très occupée. Elle a fait confiance à son docteur. C’était un mauvais docteur. 15 ans plus tard elle mourrait de cachexie cancéreuse après d’innombrables radiothérapies, chimiothérapies, examens diagnostiques et complications en tout genre, entourée de ses enfants et dans la souffrance.Quand on est médecin praticien soi-même et qu’on travaille avec ce souvenir on est très sensibilisé et on cherche par tous les moyens d’éviter à ses propres patients de vivre un calvaire aussi affreux. J’étais très organisé dans ma pratique professionnelle. Nous apprenions aux femmes l’autopalpation, nous avions un échéancier pour les prévenir de faire leur mammographie de dépistage et nous étions satisfaits de trouver de temps en temps un cancer peu évolué, gardant l’impression d’avoir sauvé un patiente qui nous le rendait bien.La Belgique n’a pas de système de santé organisé et le dépistage se faisait et se fait encore de façon pittoresque et épisodique. L’état ou les hôpitaux ou quelques médecins de famille organisés lancent des campagnes qui sensibilisent toujours les mêmes femmes et en « sauvent » quelques-unes, fiers d’avoir mis en place un système de médecine dit préventive.Ce système ne prévient rien du tout et le taux de mortalité par cancer du sein n’a pas changé pendant toutes ses années. On recrute plus tôt, allongeant la période de conscience de la présence du mal. Les cancers fulgurants tuent toujours aussi vite et nous laissent démunis.Dans son article “Principios Éticos y Prevención Cuaternaria: ¿es posible no proteger el ejercicio del principio de autonomía?” le confrère Pizzanelli fait état d’un projet de dépistage systématique dont son pays, l’Uruguay, envisage de se doter, avec une contrainte d’obligation et de risque de perdre l’emploi pour les femmes qui le refuserait.Au moment où dans le monde entier, des voix s’élèvent contre le dépistage de masse, ou les médecins généralistes tentent de s’organiser pour identifier et accompagner les femmes porteuses de risque, des politiques, certainement emportés par leur désir de bien faire et probablement seulement de faire, proposent de mettre en place un système coercitif et obsolète. Cette attitude est politiquement risquée, éthiquement injustifiable et scientifiquement dépassée.Politiquement risquée parce qu’elle va engager des sommes importantes du budget de la santé dans une suffusion administrative (prévenir, en santé publique, c’est d’abord organiser) et dans des investissements majeurs pour du matériel couteux. En même temps s’installera un climat de contrôle et de suspicion qui ne peut que nuire à la convivialité d’une société.Ethiquement injustifiée parce que la maladie et la mort sont de l’ordre de l’intime et du symbolique et que la décision d’examiner un corps pour le savoir ou non malade n’appartient qu’à la personne elle-même et non à la société. Contrôler le corps est une main mise inacceptable sur le devenir humain et revient à assimiler la maladie à une tache ou une faute que le corps social s’autorise à châtier.Scientifiquement obsolète parce qu’on sait maintenant que le soi-disant dépistage ne met à jour que des cancers lents, qui n’auraient probablement pas tué la personne et qui rate les cancers rapides qui eux sont de toute façon mortels. Cette attitude repose sur une croyance d’après-guerre et son vocabulaire militaire. Combattre le cancer et croire qu’en arrivant plus tôt on pouvait le vaincre a été le leitmotiv de toutes les campagnes de masse depuis lors.On sait maintenant que les humains vivent avec le cancer, qu’ils arrivent parfois à s’en défendre et qu’ils ne meurent pas tous. On sait aussi que certaines femmes sont plus à risque que d’autres et qu’une écoute attentive et un relevé minutieux de leur histoire familiale permet de dégager des groupes à risque qu’il est bon de conseiller. Mais investir dans la communication n’a pas la même visibilité ni le même rendement qu’investir dans la technologie et il faudra beaucoup de courage aux politiques pour décider d’investir dans un système de première ligne performant et bien géré qui permettra de mettre la connaissance des grands nombres au sein des consultations individuelles des acteurs de soins primaires.Le Dr Pizzanelli est un collègue courageux. Il dit tout haut ce que beaucoup pensent tout bas et il doit être soutenu, pas ses pairs d’abord dans son pays, et par tous les collègues du monde qui pensent que la science c’est aussi cultiver le doute et se méfier de ses propres erreurs.
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Fonseca, Jesster. „Capitalism vs. Creation Spirituality Resolve (C.S.R.): A Tete-a-tete of Two Cultural Consciousness“. Bedan Research Journal 4, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 72–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v4i1.4.
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This research work argues that religious conviction is contributory to the making of the culture of Capitalism in the West. This was presented by annotating Max Weber’s Sociology of Religion. There, the study presents Capitalism’s cultural values influencing the behavior and attitude of the modern man. From here, the paper establishes how the values of Capitalism, in the global extent, became the main culprit in the destruction of the ecological system. To see both sides of the story, the paper examines how capitalists respond to this environmental crisis created mainly by them. At this point, the paper argues why the ‘method’ of most economic experts, including those of the philanthrocapitalists, fails in resolving the problem of sustainability vis-à-vis environmental wellbeing. After discoursing on what Capitalism has done and the illeffects it has produced, the paper presents a dialectic between Capitalism and Creation spirituality. There it argues why Creation spirituality, reflected from the different faith traditions, becomes the appropriate cultural consciousness that serves as antidote to the environmental malaise caused by Capitalism. While a synthesis between the two opposing values of each spheres could be made using a dialectical framework, the paper opts instead to take the position of Creation spirituality. The paper points out that the way to counteract the “colonizing” position of Capitalism is for religion to take charge. In the end, the paper argues that only in paradigm-shift where the position of Creation spirituality is taken, that genuine solution can be achieved in this pressing environmental crisis. Lastly, the paper recommends to utilize the principles and values of Creation spirituality via incorporation of it in religious academic curricula. Likewise, the study bids the same in the wider sphere of interreligious relations and communications that religious leaders, preachers and teachers should consider as a course of action to take. ReferencesBakan, J. (2004). The Corporation: The pathological pursuit of profit and power. NY: Free Press.Bhaktivedanta Vedabase. Retrieved from www.vedabase.com/en/bg/11Bowker, J. (2015). Beliefs that changed the world: The history and ideas of the great religions. London, United Kingdom: Quercus Publishing.Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A. (2008). Business and society: Ethics, sustainability and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning.Chief Seattle. (2000). The speech of Chief Seattle. Carlisle, MA: Applewood Books.Clayton, P. (2004a). “Panentheism in metaphysical and scientific perspective”, in In whom we live and move and have our being: panentheistic reflections on God’s presence in a scientific world, P. Clayton and A. Peacocke (eds.), Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, pp. 249-264.de Chardin T. (1975). The human phenomenon. NY: Harper and Row.Fox, M. (1983). Original blessing. Santa Fe, NM: Bear and Company.Fox, M. (ed.) (1987). Hildegard de Bingen’s book of divine works: With letters and songs. Santa Fe, NM: Bear and Company.Friedman, M. (2002). Capitalism and freedom (40th Anniversary Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Habermas, J. (1984). The Theory of communicative action vol. 1: Reason and rationalization of society. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Horkheimer, M. (1982). Critical theory selected essays. New York: Continuum Pub.IPerceptive: Ibn-Arabi Quotes. Retrieved from https://iperceptive.com/authors/ibn-arabi-quotes.htmlJung, C. G. (2006). The undiscovered self. New York, NY: New American Library.Knight, K. (2017). The Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas. Retrieved from http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1065.htmMarx, K. (1990) [1867]. Capital, Volume I. London: Penguin Classics.Nhat Hanh, T. (1999). Going home: Jesus and Buddha as brothers. New York, NY: Penguin Group.O’ Murchu, D. (2004). Quantum theology: Spiritual implications of the new physics (Revised Ed.). NY: The Crossroads PublishingCompany.Pope Francis (2015). Laudato Si: On care for our common home. Rome. Rasmussen, L. (2005). Earth community, earth ethics. Makati, Philippines: St. Paul’s.Rieff, D. (2015). The Reproach of hunger: Food, justice, and money in the twenty-first century. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Smith, A. (1977). The wealth of nations: An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.The Meister Eckhart Site. Retrieved from https://www.ellopos.net/theology/eckhart_in-creatures.htmlWeber, M., & Kalberg, S. (2013). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of Capitalism. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
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Metz, Cade. „Genius Makers: The Mavericks Who Brought AI to Google, Facebook, and the World“. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, Nr. 3 (September 2022): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-22metz.
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GENIUS MAKERS: The Mavericks Who Brought AI to Google, Facebook, and the World by Cade Metz. New York: Dutton, 2021. 371 pages including notes, references, and index. Hardcover; $28.00. ISBN: 9781524742676. *As Cade Metz says in the acknowledgments section, this is a book "not about the technology [of AI] but about the people building it ... I was lucky that the people I wanted to write about were so interesting and so eloquent and so completely different from one [an]other" (p. 314). *And, that's what this book is about. It is about people such as Geoff Hinton, founder of DNNresearch, who, once he reached his late fifties, never sat down because of his bad back. It is about others who came after him, including Yann LeCun, Ian Goodfellow, Andrew Ng, Yoshua Bengio, Jeff Dean, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Li Deng, Ilya Sutskever, Alex Krizhevsky, Demis Hassabis, and Shane Legg, each of whom had their strengths, weaknesses, and quirks. *The book also follows the development of interest in AI by companies like Google, Microsoft, Facebook, DeepMind, and OpenAI. DeepMind is perhaps the least known of these. It is the company, led by Demis Hassabis, that first made headlines by training a neural network to play old Atari games such as Space Invaders, Pong, and Breakout, using a new technique called reinforcement learning. It attracted a lot of attention from investors such as Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, and Google's Larry Page. *While most companies were interested in the application of AI to improve their products, DeepMind's goal was AGI, "Artificial General Intelligence"--technology that could do anything the human brain could do, only better. DeepMind was also the first company to take a stand on two issues: if the company was bought out (which it was, by Google), (1) their technology would not be used for military purposes, and (2) an independent ethics board would oversee the use of DeepMind's AGI technology, whenever that would arrive (p. 116). *Part One of the book, "A New Kind of Machine," follows the early players in the field as they navigate the early "AI winters," experiment with various new algorithms and technologies, and have breakthroughs and disappointments. From the beginning, there were clashes between personalities, collaboration and competition, and promises kept and broken. *Part Two of the book, titled "Who Owns Intelligence?," explores how many of the people named above were wooed by the different companies, and moved back and forth between them, sometimes working together and sometimes competing with each other. The companies understood the power of neural networks and deep learning, but they could not develop the technologies without the direction of the leading researchers, who were in limited supply. To woo the best researchers, the companies competed to develop exciting and show-stopping technology, such as self-driving cars and an AI to play (and beat) the best in Chess and Go. *In Part Three, "Turmoil," the author explores how the players began to realize the shortcomings and potentially dangerous effects of the AI systems. AI systems were becoming more and more capable in a variety of tasks. "Deep fakes" of celebrities and the auto-generation of fake news (often on Facebook) led many to question the direction AI was going. Ian Goodfellow said, "There's a lot of other areas where AI is opening doors that we've never opened before. And we don't really know what's on the other side" (p. 211). One surprising figure taking a stand on the side of caution was Elon Musk, giving repeated warnings of the possible rise of superintelligent actors. Further, it was discovered that the Chinese government was already using AI to do facial recognition and track its citizens as they moved about. *Other concerns dampened the community: it was discovered that small and unexpected flaws in training could have significant effects on the ability of an AI system to do its job. For example, "by slapping a few Post-it notes on a stop sign, [researchers] could fool a car into thinking it wasn't there" (p. 212). *Additionally, the biases in training data were being exposed, leading some to believe that AI systems would not equally benefit minority groups, and could even discriminate against them. Furthermore, Google was being approached by the US government to assist in the development of programs which could be used in warfare. Finally, Facebook was struggling to contain fake news and finding that even AIs could not effectively be used to combat it. *In the final sections of the book, the author explores the AI researchers' attitudes toward the future and the big questions. Will AI systems be able to eventually take over all work, even physical labor? Can the AI juggernaut be controlled and directed? Will AGI be fully realized? *This last question is explored in the chapter titled "Religion." "Belief in AGI required a leap of faith. But it drove some researchers forward in a very real way. It was something like a religion," said roboticist Sergey Levine (p. 290). The question of the feasibility of AGI continues to generate much debate, with one camp claiming that it is inevitable, while the other camp insisting that AI systems will excel only in limited tasks and environments. *As a Christian, I found the debates about the proper role of AI to be intriguing. Is the development of AGI inevitable? Should we as Christians petition companies and governments to have debates on the pursuit of AGI? Should we enact laws to limit or prohibit the use of AI in warfare? Should independent evaluators be required to review AI systems regarding discrimination? Should Christians participate in the further development of AGI? *Learning the histories and attitudes of the leading individuals in the development of AI also intrigued me. Many of the individuals seem to have very little concern for the potentially negative impact of their work. Their only motivation seems to be fame and fortune. It makes me wonder if the field of computer science should require all its practitioners to take ethics training like professional engineers are required to do. This book certainly confirms the importance of ethics in the field of computer science and the need for its practitioners to be people of virtue. *In summary, this was a different kind of book from many others in the field of technology. It was fascinating that so much of what I was reading about had happened in just the last ten years. Hearing the anecdotes of back-office meetings, public outcries, and false claims was intriguing. If you, like me, wonder how we got to where we are today in the area of AI, this is the book for you. *Reviewed by Victor T. Norman, Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.
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Schippers, Eveline E., und Wineke J. Smid. „Exploring Hostility Toward Women in High-Risk Rapists: The Relevance of Ambivalence and Relational Experience“. Sexual Abuse, 31.07.2020, 107906322094603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063220946039.
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Hostility toward women is an established risk factor for sexual violence and is often found to be present in men prone to sexual transgression. There are also clinical indications that high-risk rapists may have more ambivalent attitudes toward women, including the strong desire to be positively evaluated by women. We investigated attitudes toward women in high-risk male rapists ( n = 42), nonsexual male offenders ( n = 65), and matched male community controls ( n = 42), by means of self-report (hostility toward women, benevolent sexism, hostile sexism) and implicit measures assessing associations (Implicit Association Test [IAT]) with “women are deceitful” and “women are prestige objects,” and the approach tendency (Approach–Avoidance Task [AAT]) toward women. Results showed that high-risk rapists had a lesser implicit notion of women as deceitful and more explicit benevolent sexism than the community controls. These differences seemed most prevalent in the subgroup of high-risk rapists without any relationship history. It is hypothesized that unrealistically positive attitudes toward women may lead to rejection and frustration, which may influence sexual offending.
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Zara, Georgia, Sara Veggi und David P. Farrington. „Sexbots as Synthetic Companions: Comparing Attitudes of Official Sex Offenders and Non-Offenders“. International Journal of Social Robotics, 01.07.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00797-3.
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AbstractThis is the first Italian study to examine views on sexbots of adult male sex offenders and non-offenders, and their perceptions of sexbots as sexual partners, and sexbots as a means to prevent sexual violence. In order to explore these aspects 344 adult males were involved in the study. The study carried out two types of comparisons. 100 male sex offenders were compared with 244 male non-offenders. Also, sex offenders were divided into child molesters and rapists. Preliminary findings suggest that sex offenders were less open than non-offenders to sexbots, showed a lower acceptance of them, and were more likely to dismiss the possibility of having an intimate and sexual relationship with a sexbot. Sex offenders were also less likely than non-offenders to believe that the risk of sexual violence against people could be reduced if a sexbot was used in the treatment of sex offenders. No differences were found between child molesters and rapists. Though no definitive conclusion can be drawn about what role sexbots might play in the prevention and treatment of sex offending, this study emphasizes the importance of both exploring how sexbots are both perceived and understood. Sex offenders in this study showed a high dynamic sexual risk and, paradoxically, despite, or because of, their sexual deviance (e.g. deficits in sexual self-regulation), they were more inclined to see sexbots as just machines and were reluctant to imagine them as social agents, i.e. as intimate or sexual arousal partners. How sex offenders differ in their dynamic risk and criminal careers can inform experts about the mechanisms that take place and can challenge their engagement in treatment and intervention.
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Barros, Sofia, Cláudia Oliveira, Eduardo Araújo, Diana Moreira, Fernando Almeida und Anita Santos. „Community intervention programs for sex offenders: A systematic review“. Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (24.11.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949899.
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Sexual violence is a phenomenon that negatively impacts the victims' physical and psychological health and well-being. Sex offenders tend not to take responsibility for their actions, have difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control, paraphilias or other disorders, so they are a difficult group to treat. In addition, the available psychological treatment programs tend to have inconsistent and, sometimes, undesirable results. This systematic review aimed to analyse the recidivism rates of sex offenders treated in community settings. According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in three databases, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a manual search was performed. A total of 319 empirical studies using quantitative methodologies were identified, 27 of which were selected for full-text analysis. In the end, 15 studies were included, published between 1996 and 2020. The objectives, intervention approach, instruments used, and the main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. The studies explored different types of sex offenders, such as: violent sex offenders (e.g., rapists), child abusers, and child abusers with pedophilia (and/or other paraphilias). Results showed that most of the programs had a cognitive-behavioral approach (n = 13). Overall, the interventions appear to be effective in reducing recidivism rates, and some of them led to improvements in other outcomes, such as cognitive distortions, accepting responsibility, victim awareness and empathy, emotional regulation, and offense supportive attitudes. Limitations and implications for future studies were discussed.