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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Range ecology South Australia Far North Region“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Range ecology South Australia Far North Region"
1
Giles, Robyn L., Andrew N. Drinnan und Neville G. Walsh. „Variation in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum: morphometric and anatomical evidence (Rutaceae)“. Australian Systematic Botany 21, Nr. 4 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07023.
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Specimens of Phebalium glandulosum Hook. subsp. glandulosum representing the entire geographic range of the subspecies were examined for morphological and anatomical variation. Phenetic patterns were identified with the pattern analysis package PATN, and three distinct groups were identified. One group consists of plants from inland areas of New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia; a second group consists of plants collected from alongside the Snowy River in eastern Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales; and a third group consists of plants from Queensland and northern New South Wales. The climate analysis program BIOCLIM was used to compare climate variables across the geographic range, and showed clear climatic separation in support of the phenetic analysis. The three groups are formally recognised here as distinct subspecies. Plants from Queensland and the Bourke region of northern New South Wales belong to the typical subspecies; plants from north-western Victoria, central New South Wales, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia form a cohesive assemblage and are recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. macrocalyx; and plants from the Snowy River in far eastern Victoria and the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales form a distinct and isolated group recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. riparium. These new subspecies are formally described, and an identification key and summaries distinguishing all six subspecies of P. glandulosum are presented.
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JOHNSON, JEFFREY W., und JESSICA WORTHINGTON WILMER. „Three new species of Parapercis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae) and first records of P. muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and P. rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 from Australia“. Zootaxa 4388, Nr. 2 (01.03.2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.1.
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Three new species of pinguipedid fishes from northern Australia are described based on specimens collected by deep water demersal trawling. Parapercis algrahami sp. nov. is recorded from off Dunk Island, Qld, south to Newcastle, NSW, in 67–333 m. It is distinct in having five narrow transverse dark bars across the upper body and a dark spot dorsally on the caudal-fin base, 6 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, palatines with 1–2 rows of teeth, and predorsal scales extending far forward on the nape to the posterior portion of the interorbital region. Parapercis imamurai sp. nov. is recorded from off Saumarez Reef, Qld, south to off Coffs Harbour, NSW, in 256–405 m. It is unique in having colouration that includes a broad dusky bar from lower margin of eye across the suborbital region and three broad dusky bands crossing the body between the middle of the soft dorsal-fin and the caudal-fin base, 10 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, and the fifth dorsal-fin spine longest. Parapercis pogonoskii sp. nov. is unique in having a combination of three reddish-brown vertical bars on the upper body between the anterior and posterior portions of the soft dorsal fin, the soft dorsal fin with two large dusky blotches and caudal-fin base with a dusky blotch in the upper corner, 8–10 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, fifth dorsal-fin spine longest, angle of subopercle with a single broad spine, and angle of preopercle with 4–5 large widely-separated spines. Comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) genetic marker utilised in DNA barcoding produced significant genetic divergences of at least 8.1% and 14.1% between P. algrahami sp. nov. and P. pogonoskii sp. nov. respectively and their closest sampled congeners. The geographic range of Parapercis rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 is extended from Taiwan to the southern hemisphere waters off Western Australia, based on specimens collected from Shark Bay, north to Ashmore Terrace, in depths of 56–107 m. A revised diagnosis for the species is presented, meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data for the two populations are compared, and a detailed description of the colouration of fresh and preserved specimens from Australia is provided. Previous records of Parapercis macrophthalma (Pietschmann, 1911) from Western Australia are established as misidentifications of Parapercis muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and the latter is thereby confirmed from the southern hemisphere and Australian waters for the first time. Comparative meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data is provided for populations of P. muronis from Japan, Philippines and Western Australia.
3
Maslin, BR, und L. Pedley. „Patterns of Distribution of Acacia in Australia“. Australian Journal of Botany 36, Nr. 4 (1988): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880385.
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Patterns of distribution are described for the three subgenera and nine sections that make up the Australian Acacia flora. Subgenus Phyllodineae (833 species) is widespread and contains 99% of the species; subgenus Acacia (six species) and subgenus Aculeiferum (one species) are poorly represented and virtually confined to the north of the continent. The geographic patterns of species-richness are strongly influenced by sections Phyllodineae (352 species), Juliflorae (219 species) and Plurinerves (178 species). Section Phyllodineae has centres of richness south of the Tropic of Capricorn in temperate and adjacent semiarid areas of eastern, south-eastern and south-western Australia. The section is poorly represented in the tropics. The closely related sections Juliflorae and Plurinerves predominate in the north of the continent, semiarid areas of the south-west, many rocky tablelands of the Arid Zone and along the Great Dividing Range and adjacent inland riverine lowland areas in eastern Australia. The remaining four sections contribute little to the overall patterns of species-richness. The principal speciespoor areas are sandy and fluvial lowland regions of the Arid Zone. In eastern Australia, sections Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Phyllodineae and Plurinerves show discontinuous patterns of species-richness along the Great Dividing Range. All sections have species whose ranges terminate in the area of the McPherson-Macleay Overlap region.
4
Copley, P. B., und P. J. Alexander. „Overview of The Status of Rock-wallabies in South Australia.“ Australian Mammalogy 19, Nr. 2 (1996): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97153.
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The status of Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) and Black-footed Rock-wallabies (P. lateralis) in South Australia was assessed by comparing recent survey and census data with previously collated information about the distribution and relative abundance of each taxon. Petrogale xanthopus has maintained most of its known geographic range within the state; however, its relative abundance has declined significantly and 35 (or 15%) of a total of 229 recorded colonies have become extinct since European settlement. Eight of these colony extinctions have occurred over the past 25 years; three of them since 1981. As this species is continuing to decline it should be regarded as threatened within the state. Petrogale lateralis has at least two sub-species which occur in South Australia. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni is endemic to the state and occurs on offshore islands. Since 1960 its natural occurrence of about 3-500 individuals on North Pearson Island has been expanded to four other islands through translocations and the total population is now about 700-1100 animals. This subspecies, while not occurring in large numbers, is nonetheless relatively secure due to the additional populations established and the fact that these are on islands isolated from most mainland threats. The mainland subspecies, Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race, by comparison has suffered a drastic reduction in both geographic range and abundance to the point where it is South Australia’s most critically endangered vertebrate taxon. It has declined from being a very common species in the state’s far north- west to only two known, widely separated, colonies which total less than 100 animals between them. Management and research recommendations are provided.
5
Whan, I., G. Bortolussi und R. Backus. „The impact of innovation on beef production in far northern Australia“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, Nr. 2 (2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05175.
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In this paper we examine the forces that have shaped Australia’s far northern (north of 20° south) beef industry over the past 35 years. This is done for the purpose of tracing its transformation from a state of relative isolation to an integral part of the national beef industry. We note that integration is being accompanied by a greater focus, particularly by corporate producers, on specialised breeding in the far north and this is being assisted by innovations that increase herd fertility and raise the meat quality of the progeny, while retaining adaptation of the breeding herd to the local environment. Among a range of technologies, genetic improvement has significant potential to bring about rapid improvement in the meat quality of tropically adapted cattle. With respect to gene-based technology, however, independent producers will have to be convinced about the rigour of the technology and the prospects of economic gains before they make significant management changes. To this end, innovative marketing systems are needed that will reveal the link between expected meat returns and the offer prices applying to groups of growing cattle in any location. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop and introduce a descriptive and informative trading language for growing cattle that incorporates inherent qualities including those that influence meat quality. Innovations that will complement those applying to enhancement of meat quality are more general but will significantly raise herd productivity. We also compare the operating systems of both corporate and independent producers in the region.
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Gopurenko, David, Jane M. Hughes und Lynda Bellchambers. „Colonisation of the south-west Australian coastline by mud crabs: evidence for a recent range expansion or human-induced translocation?“ Marine and Freshwater Research 54, Nr. 7 (2003): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03033.
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Mud crabs (Portunidae; Scylla spp.) have become established recently in some south-west Australian estuaries – almost 1000 km south of their recorded distribution. Colonisation may have occurred by a natural range expansion from the north-west or by translocation from source(s) within the Indo-West Pacific. To identify the species and the potential source population(s), genetic analyses was used to compare south-west crabs (N = 32) to other populations. Levels of diversity at two independent genetic markers were also compared to obtain relative estimates of effective population size between colonist and suspected source population(s). Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI) indicated that all south-west crabs were Scylla serrata. Indeed, the sole haplotype found among colonists was identical to one prevalent but endemic to more diverse north-west Australian populations. In contrast, source and colonist populations had equally high levels of genetic diversity at two microsatellite loci. It is argued that the south-west region was colonised by large numbers of S. serrata from north-west Australia through a recruitment event enhanced by the strong 1999/2000 Leeuwin Current. Differences in diversity among nuclear and mitochondrial loci may reflect different responses to the colonisation process; it is predicted that such differences are prevalent among plankton-dispersed species.
7
Watson, Mandy, Kasey Stamation und Claire Charlton. „Calving rates, long-range movements and site fidelity of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in south-eastern Australia“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 22, Nr. 1 (01.07.2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v22i1.210.
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Within New Zealand and eastern Australia, over 58,000 southern right whales were harvested by commercial whalers between 1790 and 1980, with approximately 19,000 harvested from south-eastern Australia. Local extirpation is believed to have led to a loss of cultural memory of calving areas, contributing to the limited recovery of the south-eastern Australian population. While the number of whales observed using the south-eastern Australian coastline is increasing, there has been no change over three decades in the annual abundance of cow-calf pairs at Logans Beach in Warrnambool, Victoria, the only established calving ground in the region. Knowledge of life history parameters of the south-eastern Australian population is lacking. Here, we examine sightings and photo-identification data from southern Australia to investigate calving intervals, long range movements and fidelity to the Logans Beach nursery ground. Sightings data revealed at least 93 calves were born at Logans Beach between 1980 and 2018 (an average of 2.6 per year) with a mean calving interval of 3.5 ± 1.0 years (± SE, n = 34). Comparison between photo-identification catalogues compiled for south-eastern and south-western Australian populations shows that southern right whales are wide ranging within southern Australian waters. Females can be sighted at locations as far apart as 3,800 km across seasons and there is overlap in the wintering range of the south-eastern and south-western populations, with at least 7% of whales using both regions. We also provide the first report of an Australian southern right whale female with strong site fidelity to a calving area in one region relocating long-term to a calving area in another region. This work highlights several knowledge gaps, such as; the location of feeding and conception grounds for this population as well as the degree of mixing between the two Australian populations outside their wintering areas. In addition, the proportion of female calves born at Logans Beach returning to their natal site to calve remains unclear. Our work provides the first assessment of calving rates, movement and site fidelity within the south-eastern Australian population, critical for understanding constraints to recovery and informing conservation management of southern right whales in Australia. Targeted, long-term monitoring programs across the south-eastern Australian region are needed to provide demographic information on which to base predictions of the impacts of anthropogenic threats such as noise disturbance, entanglement and vessel strike.
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Thorn, R. Greg, David W. Malloch, Irja Saar, Yves Lamoureux, Eiji Nagasawa, Scott A. Redhead, Simona Margaritescu und Jean-Marc Moncalvo. „New species in the Gymnopilus junonius group (Basidiomycota: Agaricales)“. Botany 98, Nr. 6 (Juni 2020): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0006.
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Mushrooms named Gymnopilus spectabilis and G. junonius have been reported widely in North America on both dead hardwood or dead or living conifers. Based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU), we found that although Gymnopilus junonius (= G. spectabilis s. auct.) is widespread in Europe, South America, and Australia, none of the limited sequences available from North America represent this species. We report five species of this group from North America, including three previously described species, G. luteus, G. subspectabilis, and G. ventricosus, and two new species, Gymnopilus voitkii and Gymnopilus speciosissimus. We recognize a sister species to G. luteus, based on sequences previously reported as G. spectabilis from China, Japan, and the Russian Far East, but, lacking material to describe it as a new species, we give it an informal clade name, /sororiluteus. Another new species in this complex is described from Japan, as Gymnopilus orientispectabilis. Species in this group may be distinguished by their ITS sequences as well as by macro- and micromorphology, substrate, and geography.
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Dovey, L., V. Wong und P. Bayne. „An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales.“ Australian Mammalogy 19, Nr. 2 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97163.
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Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.
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Barrett, Russell L. „Examining range disjunctions in Australian Terminalia (Combretaceae) with taxonomic revision of the T. canescens and T. cunninghamii species complexes“. Australian Systematic Botany 28, Nr. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb14026.
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Several range disjunctions have been identified in the Australian species of the genus Terminalia L. Field studies and examination of herbarium specimens of taxa with range disjunctions have demonstrated that taxonomic changes are justified. Detailed morphological studies of the Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. species complex showed that four taxa should be recognised. The name Terminalia circumalata F.Muell. is resurrected as a taxon endemic to the Pilbara region, with T. canescens not occurring in that region. The distinction of Terminalia bursarina F.Muell., T. canescens and T. pterocarya F.Muell. is also supported. Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner has been considered to have a disjunct range between the far north and south-west of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett is described as a new species to accommodate the disjunct southern populations because morphological examination has shown them to be distinct. Terminalia kumpaja is restricted to the Dampier Botanical District. Full descriptions and illustrations of key identifying features are provided for these species. Keys to all Australian Terminalia species are presented. Additional species with disjunct distributions that warrant further study are noted. Lectotypes are selected for Terminalia circumalata and T. rogersii W.Fitzg.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Range ecology South Australia Far North Region"
1
Tynan, R. W. „Stocking limits for South Australian pastoral leases : historical background and relationship with modern ecological and management theory“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09ast987.pdf.
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2
Badman, Francis John. „A comparison of the effects of grazing and mining on vegetation of selected parts of northern South Australia“. Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb136.pdf.
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Accompanying CD-ROM inside back cover, includes Appendices. Bibliography: leaves 242-266. This thesis examines the effects on vegetation at selected sites in northern South Australia of excluding various herbivores over a four and a half year period and of two intense but controlled grazing pulses over a six month period followed by an 18 month recovery period in a dune-swale land system. These changes are compared with changes recorded over an 11-year period at the Olympic Dam mine site. It found that short-term changes in vegetation revealed by ordination of periodical cover, density and species richness, are attributable to the periodicity of rainfall and that, under present grazing regimes, rainfall effects override grazing effects. Differences between the effects of sheep and cattle hoof damage are worthy of further investigation, as is the impact of kangaroo grazing. These two factors may have important implications for the management of Australian rangelands. System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: IBM compatible computer with Pentium processor or higher and Windows 95, 98 or NT ; 4 MB or RAM. Other software: Acrobat Adobe Reader.
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Badman, Francis John. „A comparison of the effects of grazing and mining on vegetation of selected parts of northern South Australia / Francis John Badman“. Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21818.
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Accompanying CD-ROM inside back cover, includes Appendices.Bibliography: leaves 242-266.
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: IBM compatible computer with Pentium processor or higher and Windows 95, 98 or NT ; 4 MB or RAM. Other software: Acrobat Adobe Reader.
xv, 266 p. : maps, charts ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
This thesis examines the effects on vegetation at selected sites in northern South Australia of excluding various herbivores over a four and a half year period and of two intense but controlled grazing pulses over a six month period followed by an 18 month recovery period in a dune-swale land system. These changes are compared with changes recorded over an 11-year period at the Olympic Dam mine site. It found that short-term changes in vegetation revealed by ordination of periodical cover, density and species richness, are attributable to the periodicity of rainfall and that, under present grazing regimes, rainfall effects override grazing effects. Differences between the effects of sheep and cattle hoof damage are worthy of further investigation, as is the impact of kangaroo grazing. These two factors may have important implications for the management of Australian rangelands.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Biology, 2002