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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Radiotherapy“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Juni 2025

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1

Park, Jung-ho. "Acuros XB for Dose Calculations in External Beam Photon Radiotherapy-Mini Review." Trends Journal of Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/radiotherapy.0101.04.

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Du, Yan, and Yong Zeng. "Analysis of postoperative radiotherapy for non-metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma based on SEER data." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 8 (August 2022): 030006052211151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221115151.

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Objective The postoperative role of adjuvant radiotherapy in non-metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains controversial. We analyzed adjuvant radiotherapy’s effect on surgical patient survival. Methods Patients diagnosed with ACC from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients after adjuvant radiotherapy were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox methods. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust confounders between patients with or without adjuvant radiotherapy; a forest plot was generated by subgroup analysis. Results The study included 742 patients. In the PSM cohort, adjuvant radiotherapy did not improve OS or DSS. Radiotherapy was not a protective factor for OS or DSS in the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. In the subgroup analysis, postoperative radiotherapy improved the OS of female and N1-stage patients and those with oropharyngeal tumors or over 79 years and the DSS of N1-stage patients. Conclusions Postoperative radiotherapy showed different benefits in ACC patients, and postoperative radiotherapy recommendations should be individualized. Female and N1-stage ACC patients and those with oropharyngeal tumors or patients over 79 years without distant metastases postoperatively could benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.

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Chandra, Ade, Sukri Rahman, Al Hafiz, Eva Decroli, and Hafni Bachtiar. "Pengaruh Radioterapi Terhadap Kadar TSH dan T4 pada Pasien Tumor Ganas Kepala dan Leher." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 48, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v48i2.238.

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Latar belakang: Tumor ganas kepala dan leher adalah tumor ganas yang berasal dari epitel traktus aerodigestif atas. Radioterapi adalah salah satu modalitas talaksana pada tumor ganas kepala dan leher. Kelenjar tiroid akan terpapar radioterapi selanjutnya merangsang terjadinya kelainan pada kelenjar tiroid. Hipotiroid merupakan efek samping yang paling umum terjadi akibat radioterapi. Diagnosis hipotiroid ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu didapatkan peningkatan TSH dan penurunan T4. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh radioterapi terhadap kadar TSH dan T4 pasien tumor ganas kepala dan leher di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang. Metode: Analitik cross sectional dengan desian pre and post test only pada 10 responden tumor ganas kepala dan leher. Sampel berupa darah vena yang dihitung kadar TSH dan T4 menggunakan alat Vidas 3. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil analisis statistik dinyatakan bermakna bila didapatkan hasil p<0,05. Hasil: Nilai rerata kadar TSH sebelum dan setelah radioterapi didapatkan 0,57 ± 0,512 µIU/ml. Nilai rerata kadar T4 sebelum dan setelah radioterapi didapatkan 0,721 ± 0,508 µg/dL. Uji t bepasangan didapatkan peningkatan rerata kadar TSH setelah radioterapi dengan p = 0,004 yang menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna rerata kadar TSH setelah radioterapi dan didapatkan penurunan rerata kadar T4 setelah radioterapi dengan p = 0,001 yang menunjukkan penurunan bermakna rerata kadar T4 setelah radioterapi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan bermakna rerata kadar TSH serta penurunan rerata kadar T4 sebelum dan setelah radioterapi pada pasien tumor ganas kepala dan leher walau belum melewati nilai normal.ABSTARCTBackground: Head and neck cancers are malignancies that originate from upper aerodigestive tract epithelium. Radiotherapy is one of the modalities treatments for head and neck cancer. Thyroid glands which exposed by radiotherapy, furthermore can induce abnormalities. Hypothyroid is a most common abnormality that occur after radiotherapy. Diagnosis hypothyroidism can be established through laboratory examination that is obtained an increased levels of TSH and decreased levels of T4. Purpose: To determine effect radiotherapy on levels of TSH and T4 in patients with head and neck cancer in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. Methods: Cross sectional analytic study with pre and post test only on 10 respondents with head and neck cancer. Samples taken from venous blood then TSH and T4 were counted with Vidas 3. Data was analyzed with paired t-test. The statistical result was significant with p<0,05. Result: Mean value of TSH before and after radiotherapy is 0,57 ± 0,512 µUI/ml. Mean value of T4 before and after radiotherapy is 0,721 ± 0,508 µg/dL. From paired t-test resulted an increase of TSH mean value after radiotheraphy with p = 0,004 which implies a significant enhancement of TSH mean value after radiotheraphy and decreasing T4 mean value after radiotheraphy with p = 0,001 which implies a significant deflation of T4 mean value after radiotheraphy. Conclusions: There was significant enhancement of TSH mean and significant deflation of T4 mean value before and after radiotherapy on patients with head and neck cancer even still within normal value. Keywords: Radiotheraphy, TSH, T4, head and neck cancer.

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Mo, Manji, Crook Juanita, Bartha Leigh, and Rajapakshe Rasika. "MRI validation of Post-Prostatectomy Radiotherapy Contouring." Open Journal of Radiology and Medical Imaging 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.36811/ojrmi.2019.110001.

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Introduction: Level One Evidence has established the indications for, and importance of, adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy. Several guidelines have addressed delineation of the prostate bed but with variable specification of the inferior border relative to the penile bulb or to the first CT slice distal to visible urine in the bladder neck. This work determines the correlation between the caudal aspect of the anastomosis shown by the tip of the urethrogram cone and MRI anatomy. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy following prostatectomy underwent diagnostic MRI in addition to planning CT with Urethrogram. The CT Reference Slice, tip of urethrogram cone and superior aspect of penile bulb were delineated. Results: MRI clearly demonstrates the penile bulb but not the anastomosis. In these 16 patients, the tip of the urethrogram cone was a median 3.9 mm cranial to the penile bulb (range 0-10.3 mm).

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Shumway, Dean Alden, Kent A. Griffith, Michael S. Sabel, Rochelle Jones, Sarah T. Hawley, Jacqueline Sara Jeruss, and Reshma Jagsi. "What drives overtreatment? Surgeon and radiation oncologist views on omission of adjuvant radiotherapy for elderly women with early stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.562.

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562 Background: Although trials have shown no survival advantage and only a modest improvement in local control from adjuvant radiotherapy after lumpectomy in older women with stage I, ER+ breast cancer, radiotherapy is commonly administered, raising concerns about overtreatment. Therefore, we sought to evaluate physician attitudes, knowledge, communication, and recommendations in this scenario. Methods: We mailed a survey to a national sample of 713 radiation oncologists and 879 surgeons between June to October 2015. Of these, 913 responded (57%). We assessed physicians’ attitudes, knowledge of pertinent risk information, and responses to clinical scenarios. Results: In patients age > = 70 with stage I, ER+ breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and endocrine therapy, omission of radiotherapy was felt to be unreasonable by 40% of surgeons and 20% of radiation oncologists (p < 0.001). Many surgeons (29%) and radiation oncologists (10%) erroneously associated radiotherapy in older women with improvement in survival. Similarly, 32% of surgeons and 19% of radiation oncologists tended to substantially overestimate the risk of locoregional recurrence in older women with omission of RT. In a scenario with an 81-year-old with multiple comorbidities, 31% of surgeons and 35% of radiation oncologists would still recommend radiotherapy. On multivariable analysis, erroneous attribution of a survival benefit to radiotherapy (OR 6.2; 95% CI 3.9-9.8) and overestimation of remaining life expectancy (OR 6.5; CI 4.2-9.9) were strongly associated with the opinion that radiotherapy omission is unreasonable. Conclusions: Many radiation oncologists and surgeons continue to consider omission of radiotherapy as substandard therapy. A sizeable proportion of surgeons overestimate radiotherapy’s benefits and consider omission of radiotherapy to be an unreasonable departure from the standard of care, suggesting that surgeon involvement in decisions about radiotherapy omission may be a key factor in reducing overuse of aggressive care in this setting.

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Dona Lemus, Olga Maria, Minsong Cao, Bin Cai, Michael Cummings, and Dandan Zheng. "Adaptive Radiotherapy: Next-Generation Radiotherapy." Cancers 16, no. 6 (March 19, 2024): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061206.

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Radiotherapy, a crucial technique in cancer therapy, has traditionally relied on the premise of largely unchanging patient anatomy during the treatment course and encompassing uncertainties by target margins. This review introduces adaptive radiotherapy (ART), a notable innovation that addresses anatomy changes and optimizes the therapeutic ratio. ART utilizes advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET to modify the treatment plan based on observed anatomical changes and even biological changes during the course of treatment. The narrative review provides a comprehensive guide on ART for healthcare professionals and trainees in radiation oncology and anyone else interested in the topic. The incorporation of artificial intelligence in ART has played a crucial role in improving effectiveness, particularly in contour segmentation, treatment planning, and quality assurance. This has expedited the process to render online ART feasible, lowered the burden for radiation oncology practitioners, and enhanced the precision of dynamically personalized treatment. Current technical and clinical progress on ART is discussed in this review, highlighting the ongoing development of imaging technologies and AI and emphasizing their contribution to enhancing the applicability and effectiveness of ART.

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Pandey, Dr Vivek Kumar. "Prospective Study to Compare Outcomes Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Carcinoma Breast." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 11, no. 07 (July 30, 2023): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v11i7.04.

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Background: Breast cancer is now the most common cancer worldwide (GLOBOCAN, 2020). It is the most common cancer among women in developed countries. The age standardized incidence rate of breast cancer in India is 25.8% per 100,000 women (GLOBOCAN, 2020). By 2020, breast cancer overtook cervical cancer as the most common type of cancer among all women in India. Breast irradiation has been shown to reduce the risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery from about 30% to <10% at 10 years. Aims & Objectives: Randomize Breast carcinoma into two arms - Arm A :- 39GY in 13 fractions over 2.3 weeks & Arm B:- 50 GY in 25 fractions over 5weeks. Compare locoregional response in two arms 4 weeks after completion of radiation therapy and at the end of six months of follow up. Compare acute and chronic toxicities in the two arms.

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Editorial, Article. "RADIOTHERAPY." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 12, no. 1S (April 4, 2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2021-12-s-133-141.

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Chaput, Genevieve, and Laura Regnier. "Radiotherapy." Canadian Family Physician 67, no. 10 (October 2021): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46747/cfp.6710753.

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Editorial, Article. "RADIOTHERAPY." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy, no. 1S (May 24, 2019): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2019-s-1-110-114.

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Editorial, Artiсle. "RADIOTHERAPY." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy, no. 1S (April 22, 2020): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2020-11-1s-158-165.

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McGraw, Mark. "Radiotherapy." Oncology Times 44, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000818724.31249.5a.

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ITO, Yoshinori, Keiko SHIBUYA, Satoaki NAKAMURA, Takayuki OHGURI, and Masanori SOMEYA. "Radiotherapy." Suizo 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2958/suizo.35.63.

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De Jaeger, Katrien. "Radiotherapy." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 3, no. 3 (October 2005): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(05)80259-9.

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Scalliet, Pierre, Thierry Pignon, Danielle de Haas-Kock, and Philippe Lambin. "Radiotherapy." European Journal of Cancer 37 (October 2001): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(01)80026-5.

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Baggstrom, Maria Q., and Ramaswamy Govindan. "Radiotherapy." Journal of Thoracic Oncology 5, no. 12 (December 2010): S476—S477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jto.0000391373.71505.6c.

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17

Eaton, K. "Radiotherapy." Postgraduate Medical Journal 66, no. 775 (May 1, 1990): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.66.775.412.

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Pahule, Irene Anita. "Radiotherapy." Cancer Nursing 13, no. 3 (June 1990): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199006000-00013.

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Kim, Yong Bae, and Chang-Ok Suh. "Evolution of Radiotherapy: High-precision Radiotherapy." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 51, no. 7 (2008): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2008.51.7.604.

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Keita, M., M. Bah, and SY Kondano. "Responses of Patients with T3-4N0- 2 M0 Rectal Cancer to Preoperative Chemo-radiotherapy: Review of Current Literature." Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research 8, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.4172/ JNHS.2022.8.011.

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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of chemo radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced unrespectable rectal cancer. Methods and Materials: We reviewed records for 65 patients with locally advanced unrespectable rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemo radiotherapy or radiotherapy followed by surgery between 2013 and 2016. Of these, 23 patients were treated with preoperative chemo radiotherapy (40 - 45 Gy) plus concomitant chemotherapy (5Fluorouracil + Calcium Folinate). For comparison, 42 similar patients, treated by preoperative radiotherapy (45 - 50Gy) plus surgery served as control. The primary end- point of the study was overall survival and local control rate. Results: No treatment plan was delayed because of toxicities in both groups. The radical respectability rate was 69.9% in the chemo radiotherapy group and 33.3% in the radiotherapy plus surgery group (P = 0. 024). The anal sphincter preservation rates were 26.6% and 3.7%, respectively (P= 0. 028). The anal sphincter preservation rates of the lower rectal cancer were 27.3% and 0.0%, respectively (P = 0. 014). Response rates of chemo radiotherapy and radiotherapy plus surgery groups were 82.6% and 61.9% (P = 0. 053). The tumor downstage rates were 16 (69.6%) and 24 (57.1%) in these groups (P = 0. 206). The 3-years overall survival rates were 66.7% and 55.6% (P = 0. 485), and the tumor-free survival rates were 40.3% and 33.1% (P = 0. 663). The 3-years local recurrent rates were 26.9% and 48.1% (P = 0. 174. No obvious late effects were found in either group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested at least that acute side effects of preoperative chemo radiotherapy can be tolerated and a higher surgical resection rate can be achieved. However, the chemo radiotherapy did not improve the survival rate while it increased local recurrence due to the high rate of anal sphincter preservation. It is safe and effective to use 5-Fluorouracil + Calcium Folinate and 5 – DFUR as a radio sensitizer during the whole course of radiotherapy

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Keita, M. "Responses of Patients with T3-4N0- 2 M0 Rectal Cancer to Preoperative Chemo-radiotherapy: Review of Current Literature." Research & Reviews: Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11195701.

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<strong>Objective</strong>: To investigate the efficacy and safety of chemo radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced unrespectable rectal cancer. <strong>Methods and Materials</strong>: We reviewed records for 65 patients with locally advanced unrespectable rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemo radiotherapy or radiotherapy followed by surgery between 2013 and 2016. Of these, 23 patients were treated with preoperative chemo radiotherapy (40 - 45 Gy) plus concomitant chemotherapy (5Fluorouracil + Calcium Folinate). For comparison, 42 similar patients, treated by preoperative radiotherapy (45 - 50Gy) plus surgery served as control. The primary end- point of the study was overall survival and local control rate. <strong>Results</strong>: No treatment plan was delayed because of toxicities in both groups. The radical respectability rate was 69.9% in the chemo radiotherapy group and 33.3% in the radiotherapy plus surgery group (P = 0. 024). The anal sphincter preservation rates were 26.6% and 3.7%, respectively (P= 0. 028). The anal sphincter preservation rates of the lower rectal cancer were 27.3% and 0.0%, respectively (P = 0. 014). Response rates of chemo radiotherapy and radiotherapy plus surgery groups were 82.6% and 61.9% (P = 0. 053). The tumor downstage rates were 16 (69.6%) and 24 (57.1%) in these groups (P = 0. 206). The 3-years overall survival rates were 66.7% and 55.6% (P = 0. 485), and the tumor-free survival rates were 40.3% and 33.1% (P = 0. 663). The 3-years local recurrent rates were 26.9% and 48.1% (P = 0. 174. No obvious late effects were found in either group. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study suggested at least that acute side effects of preoperative chemo radiotherapy can be tolerated and a higher surgical resection rate can be achieved. However, the chemo radiotherapy did not improve the survival rate while it increased local recurrence due to the high rate of anal sphincter preservation. It is safe and effective to use 5-Fluorouracil + Calcium Folinate and 5 – DFUR as a radio sensitizer during the whole course of radiotherapy.

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Koukourakis, Michael I., George Kyrias, Stelios Kakolyris, Charalambos Kouroussis, Chryssi Frangiadaki, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, George Retalis, and Vassilios Georgoulias. "Subcutaneous Administration of Amifostine During Fractionated Radiotherapy: A Randomized Phase II Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 11 (June 11, 2000): 2226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.11.2226.

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PURPOSE: Amifostine (WR-2721) is an impotant cytoprotective agent. Although intravenous administration is the standard route, pharmacokinetic studies have shown acceptable plasma levels of the active metabolite of amifostine (WR-1605) after subcutaneous administration. The subcutaneous route, due to its simplicity, presents multiple advantages over the intravenous route when amifostine is used during fractionated radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with thoracic, 40 with head and neck, and 40 with pelvic tumors who were undergoing radical radiotherapy were enrolled onto a randomized phase II trial to assess the feasibility, tolerance, and cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine administered subcutaneously. A flat dose of amifostine 500 mg, diluted in 2.5 mL of normal saline, was injected subcutaneously 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. RESULTS: The subcutaneous amifostine regimen was well tolerated by 85% of patients. In approximately 5% of patients, amifostine therapy was interrupted due to cumulative asthenia, and in 10%, due to a fever/rash reaction. Hypotension was never noted, whereas nausea was frequent. A significant reduction of pharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal mucositis was noted in the amifostine arm (P < .04). The delays in radiotherapy because of grade 3 mucositis were significanly longer in the group of patients treated with radiotherapy alone (P < .04). Amifostine significantly reduced the incidence of acute perineal skin and bladder toxicity (P < .0006). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of amifostine is well tolerated, effectively reduces radiotherapy’s early toxicity, and prevents delays in radiotherapy. The subcutaneous route is much simpler and saves time compared with the intravenous route of administration and can be safely and effectively applied in the daily, busy radiotherapy practice.

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Hoang, Anh Tuan, and Van Chien Dinh. "Analysis of radiotherapy technology infrastructure and human resources in Vietnam." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(6).68-72.

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In this study, the authors synthesise and analyse the re-sults of the 2019-2020 statistical survey on infrastructure and human resources of radiotherapy centers in Viet-nam, thereby assessing the results of the detailed plan-ning on the development and application of radiation in health to 2020, and at the same time assessing the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate of Vietnam. Statistical sur-vey results were analysed to discuss geographic distribu-tion and evaluate the characteristic ratios of PT/LINAC, PT/RO, PT/ROMP, PT/RTT of the radiotherapy centers in the application of LINAC radiotherapy technology. Research results show that although Vietnam has not met its planned target by 2020, it has obtained many achievements in developing a network of radiotherapy centers nationwide and investing in LINAC radiothera-py equipment reaching 0.73 LINAC/mil. people and the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate (ARUR) being 20% with application of advanced technologies such as IMRT, VMAT, IGRT, SRS, SBRT, simulation devices such as CT, MRI, PET/CT. The total number of radiotherapists, medical physicists, and technicians nationwide are 318, 151, and 356 people, respectively. Radiotherapy centers and specialists are highly concentrated in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city with 67% of LINAC machines, respond-ing to 80% of patients receiving cancer treatment by LINAC annually. A model for forecasting radiotherapy demand has been proposed and applied to determine the expected number of LINAC machines, human resourc-es needed for the period 2020-2040 to achieve the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate of 25-35% of new cancer cases annually. Accordingly, the number of LINAC ma-chines needed by 2030 and 2040 will reach 1.1 LINAC/million people and 1.7 LINAC/million people. The de-mand for RO, ROMP, and RTT human resources is fore-casted to increase at least by 12, 34, and 67% from 2021 to 2030, respectively, and 71% for all from 2031 to 2040.

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Popović, Vladan, Neda Milosavljević, Radojević Marija Živković, Radisa H. Vojinović, Nikola Nedović, Slobodanka Mitrović, Jasmina Nedović, and Aleksandar Tomašević. "Analysis of postoperative radiotherapy effects within risk groups in patients with FIGO I, II, and III endometrial cancer." Indian Journal of Cancer 56, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 341–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijc.IJC_370_18.

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<strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> To define indications for adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with endometrial cancer, the risk groups have been established according to clinical and pathological prognostic factors. The purpose was to determine precise criteria for adjuvant radiotherapy and identify patients with increased risk for disease relapse who may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy, with an acceptable level of toxicity. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Oncology and Radiology, Kragujevac, during a 5-year period. A group of 80 patients with endometrial cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy were included in the study. Patients were divided into four risk groups according to ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference classification. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for overall and progression-free survival. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> The 5-year survival rate was 80%, and 66.3% patients were progression-free during this period. Fatal outcome occurred in 20% of patients. The results showed survival was shortest in patients from the high-risk group. Factors that had impact on the 5-year survival were comorbidities, FIGO stage, postoperative radiotherapy, organ site of late toxicity, and localization of metastases. The analysis of postoperative radiotherapy effects showed that 72.5% of patients had no complications. The most common symptoms of late irradiation toxicity arose from the gastrointestinal tract. Toxicity was usually moderate. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Adjuvant radiotherapy can potentially prolong survival and prevent recurrence, with acceptable level of toxicity, to preserve patient's quality of life. Patient classification into appropriate risk groups allows for adjuvant treatment individualization.

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Heng, YL, J. Xiao, LQ Liu, J. Luo, J. Luo, and J. Chen. "A Novel Inclusion Criteria for Radiotherapy Omission in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients with Breast-Conserving Surgery." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 27, no. 12 (December 2024): 1417–28. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_79_24.

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Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy is the standard treatment for achieving local control and survival benefits in breast cancer patients. However, the necessity of radiotherapy for all elderly patients following BCS is debated due to the potential for overtreatment and the associated risks and side effects, particularly for those at lower risk of recurrence. Aims: This study aims to redefine the criteria for elderly breast cancer patients eligible for radiotherapy omission after BCS, without compromising survival benefits. Methods: Data from breast cancer patients with T1-2N0-1M0 diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyzes were conducted to identify risk factors for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). A nomogram and risk stratification model were developed, with a concordance index and calibration curve employed to demonstrate the nomogram’s accuracy and predictive capability. Validation of radiotherapy’s survival benefit for patients in different risk strata was conducted via subgroup analysis. Results: Histological grade, estrogen receptor status, tumor size, and nodal metastasis stage were identified as independent risk factors for BCSS. These factors were incorporated into a nomogram to predict 3- and 5-year BCSS for patients. Risk stratification indicated that radiotherapy significantly improved BCSS in the high-risk group (HR = 0.540 [0.402–0.724], P < 0.001) but did not in the low-risk (HR = 0.526 [0.154–1.798], P = 0.305) and intermediate-risk groups (HR = 0.588 [0.33–1.05], P = 0.073). Subgroup analysis showed that some patients not meeting the CALGB 9,343 criteria could also be exempt from radiotherapy. Importantly, we found that patients over 80 years of age did not derive a survival benefit from radiotherapy, regardless of clinical characteristics. Conclusions: This study broadens the criteria for radiotherapy omission, potentially assisting clinicians in making radiotherapy decisions for elderly breast cancer patients.

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Armugram, Nindra, and Krishna Kadarlab. "Toxicities and Outcome of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Vs 2D Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers." Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijcer.2321.9815.5217.2.

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Tan, L. T. "Radiotherap-e. An e-learning programme in advanced radiotherapy techniques." Radiography 18, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2011.10.042.

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&NA;. "Chemotherapy + radiotherapy compares well with radiotherapy alone." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 733 (April 1990): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007330-00028.

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&NA;. "Chemotherapy + radiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 742 (June 1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007420-00020.

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Shruti, Jha, and Bhadauria Preeti. "Recent advances in radiotherapy and its side effects in the treatment of cancer." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 10, no. 5 (September 30, 2023): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13997549.

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According to Thun, DeLancey, Centre, Jemal, and Ward (2009), cancer ranks as the third most significant contributor to both morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Despite the absence of dedicated pharmaceutical interventions, radiotherapy (RT) serves as the primary therapeutic modality for cancer, with more than 60% of cancer instances necessitating radiation therapy. Radiation therapy, often known as irradiation or X-ray therapy, is a commonly used term to describe a medical treatment technique. The process of radiation induces damage to the DNA of cancer cells, leading to the disruption of their growth and division, ultimately resulting in their demise. Radiation can also impact adjacent normal cells in close proximity to cancerous cells. Despite the widespread global usage of RT, it is associated with numerous adverse effects. The relationship between radiation exposure and the incidence of cancer has been investigated through epidemiological studies conducted on survivors of atomic bomb explosions. Radiation treatment is employed as a therapeutic modality for the management of malignancies in their first stages. One significant constraint associated with radiotherapy is the adverse impact it has on the healthy cells in the vicinity of the cancerous tumour. Approximately 5% of cancer patients who are sensitive to radiation are subjected to restricted doses of radiation in order to mitigate the occurrence of severe side effects associated with radiotherapy. In the field of radiation biology, it is necessary to first identify predictors that are associated with an elevated level of radiosensitivity prior to initiating any form of treatment. This procedure facilitates the identification of patient-specific radiotherapy. The administration of radiation doses to patients varies depending on the specific types of cancers being treated. The dosage of radiation administered to the patient may vary based on factors such as the size of the tumour, the type of surgery performed, the involvement of lymph nodes, and the characteristics of the malignancy. This article provides an overview of current advancements in radiation therapy treatments for different types of malignancies and the corresponding adverse effects. Investigating the physiological and genetic concerns linked with radiation therapy is currently a pressing requirement. Therefore, the purpose of this brief review was to gather data regarding the potential hazards associated with radiotherapy and to determine whether ayurvedic medicines can mitigate their detrimental effects.

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Lahkar, Dhanjit. "Evolution of Radiotherapy- A Brief Review." Journal of Medical Science and clinical Research 12, no. 02 (February 28, 2024): 05–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.02.

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Beginning with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 and the subsequent application of X-rays for cancer treatment in 1896, the narrative unfolds through the advancements in radiation therapy modalities. The discussion covers External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), including various techniques like 3D-CRT, IMRT, IGRT, stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton therapy. Emerging technologies such as Tomotherapy, Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), Carbon Ion Therapy, and Brachytherapy are explored, offering tailored approaches for different cancer types. The article delves into the history and advancements of brachytherapy, highlighting its techniques like intracavitary, interstitial, and HDR surface mould brachytherapy. The continuous pursuit of precision, efficacy, and reduced side effects in cancer treatment is evident throughout the narrative. The article emphasizes the crucial role of radiation therapy, employing various ionizing radiation types, in targeting and eradicating cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. The ongoing quest for advancements in technology and techniques reflects the commitment to improving cancer treatment outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of radiation therapy's historical evolution and current state in cancer treatment Keywords: Radiotherapy, EBRT, Brachytherapy, IMRT, SRS, IGRT, Proton therapy

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Kim, Jong Hoon. "LINAC-based High-precision Radiotherapy: Radiosurgery, Image-guided Radiotherapy, and Respiratory-gated Radiotherapy." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 51, no. 7 (2008): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2008.51.7.612.

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Pereira, Sandrine, Ester Orlandi, Sophie Deneuve, Amelia Barcellini, Agnieszka Chalaszczyk, Isabelle Behm-Ansmant, Liza Hettal, Tiziana Rancati, Guillaume Vogin, and Juliette Thariat. "The Normal, the Radiosensitive, and the Ataxic in the Era of Precision Radiotherapy: A Narrative Review." Cancers 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 6252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246252.

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(1) Background: radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. When delivering a tumoricidal dose, the risk of severe late toxicities is usually kept below 5% using dose-volume constraints. However, individual radiation sensitivity (iRS) is responsible (with other technical factors) for unexpected toxicities after exposure to a dose that induces no toxicity in the general population. Diagnosing iRS before radiotherapy could avoid unnecessary toxicities in patients with a grossly normal phenotype. Thus, we reviewed iRS diagnostic data and their impact on decision-making processes and the RT workflow; (2) Methods: following a description of radiation toxicities, we conducted a critical review of the current state of the knowledge on individual determinants of cellular/tissue radiation; (3) Results: tremendous advances in technology now allow minimally-invasive genomic, epigenetic and functional testing and a better understanding of iRS. Ongoing large translational studies implement various tests and enriched NTCP models designed to improve the prediction of toxicities. iRS testing could better support informed radiotherapy decisions for individuals with a normal phenotype who experience unusual toxicities. Ethics of medical decisions with an accurate prediction of personalized radiotherapy’s risk/benefits and its health economics impact are at stake; (4) Conclusions: iRS testing represents a critical unmet need to design personalized radiotherapy protocols relying on extended NTCP models integrating iRS.

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Salmo, E. N., and N. Y. Haboubi. "Radiation bowel disease and its clinical implication." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 57, no. 3 (2010): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1003051s.

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Pre-operative radiotherapy may induce radiation colitis and tumour regression. Histological evaluation of radiation colitis needs to be reproducible to assess disease progression. The severity of radiation colitis can be assessed and graded according to its histological features. Increased severity of disease appears to be associated with a higher degree of cellular atypia and a lesser eosinophilic infiltrate. The severity of histological changes does not appear to be associated with post-operative complications. Tumour regression is an interesting phenomenon, the histological grading of which is of prognostic importance. Patients treated with long course radiotherapoy appear to have more incidences of postoperative complications. However, these are though to be related to the degree of tumour regression rather than to the type of radiotherapy.

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Maran, A. G. D., M. Amin, and Janet A. Wilson. "Radical neck dissection: a 19-year experience." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 8 (August 1989): 760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011000x.

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AbstractA series of 394 radical neck dissections performed over the 17 year period 1969–1986 is presented. The shortest period of follow-up is two years. Of the major complications reviewed, wound breakdown was associated with T stage, prior radiotherapy and incision used but not with age or N stage. Cervical recurrence was associated with N stage, prior radiotherapy and surgical incision and inversely associated with age. Wound breakdown and recurrence were lowest in parotid primary tumours. Carotid artery rupture occurred in 17 patients (4.3 per cent), was fatal in all cases and was strongly associated with wound breakdown and previous radiotheraphy. The importance of the choice of incision, clearance of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and carotied artery protection are discussed.

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M.D (R.T), Dr C. S. K. Prakash. "High Grade Asrtocytomas Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) vs Limited Volume Brain Radiotherapy (LVBRT)- A Prospective Randomized Study." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 10 (October 18, 2016): 13197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i10.66.

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Jeon, Young-Woo, Sung-Soo Park, Jae-Ho Yoon, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Seong Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Promace-Cytabom Regimen with Sandwiched Radiotherapy Method in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed, Stage IE to IIE, Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3006.3006.

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Abstract Background: On the basis of the characteristics of extranodal natural killer T (NK/T)-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) which is predisposed to have the multidrug resistance phenotype and radiosensitivity, combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy is one of the effective options in localized early-stage, ENKTL, nasal type. However, frequent severe myelosuppression (grad 3/4 cytopenia), grade 3 radiation-related mucositis, and local/systemic relapse is a major obstacle. So we evaluated the proMACE-cytaBOM (prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate) as a slightly less intense regimen with sandwiched radiotherapy (36 Gy). Patients and Methods: From July 2005 to December 2014, Thirty-one patients with newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type ENKTL were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty patients received the chemoradiotherapy sandwiched method: Initially 3 cycles of proMACE-cytaBOM, followed by radiotherapy of 36 Gy, after sandwiched radiotherapy and additional 3 cycles of proMACE-cytaBOM were administered. The other eleven patients were treated with following: Two patients received the frontline autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, five patients were treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy as VIPD (etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and dexamethasone) followed by radiation of 50 Gy. Four patients received the chemotherapy alone (4 to 6 cycles of proMACE-cytaBOM). Results: In twenty patients with completely proMACE-cytaBOM and sandwiched radiotherapy schedule, median age was 50-year (range 26 to 79), with male-dominant (85%). A median of 6 (range, 4-6) cycles of proMACE-cytaBOM were administered, and sandwiched radiotherapy was received with a median 36 Gy (range 34.5 to 36) (Table1). Interim analysis after 3 courses of proMACE-cytaBOM showed that an overall response rate (ORR) of 82.6%, with complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) achieved in 73.9% and 8.7%, respectively. On treatment completion with chemotherapy and sandwiched radiotherapy, the ORR was increased to 90.0%, with CR rate increased to 85%. One patient experienced disease progression, and the other one was within stable disease during therapy. With a median follow-up of 42 months (range 5.5 to 81.4), the 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 83.6% (95% CI, 69 to 95 %) and 45.9% (95% CI, 45 to 95%), respectively (figure 1). Grade 3/4 neutropenia developed in 25% (n=5) of patients and grade 3 radiation-related mucositis in 10% (n=2). There was no regimen treatment-related mortality (TRM) (Table 2). Conclusion: The proMACE-cytaBOM regimen with sandwiched radiotherapy (36 Gy) could be a promising and feasible option in the treatment of newly diagnosed localized ENKTL due to its favorable efficacy and tolerable low toxicities including of low radiation-related mucositis and no TRM. Table 1 patient demographic and characteristics Table 1. patient demographic and characteristics Table 2 major adverse events of therapy in twenty patients with localized ENKTL Table 2. major adverse events of therapy in twenty patients with localized ENKTL Figure 1 Overall survival and progression-free survival after combined chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherpay Figure 1. Overall survival and progression-free survival after combined chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherpay Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Erak, Marko, and Ljubomir Stajčić. "Conformal radiotherapy." Scripta Medica 36, no. 1 (2005): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/scrimed0501053x.

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Pountney, David. "Radiotherapy support." Cancer Nursing Practice 7, no. 6 (July 23, 2008): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/cnp.7.6.6.s5.

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&NA;. "Antineoplastics/radiotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 556 (June 1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199505560-00017.

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&NA;. "Antineoplastics/radiotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 564 (August 1995): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199505640-00006.

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Buscombe, John, and Shaunak Navalkissoor. "Molecular radiotherapy." Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (August 2012): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.12-4-381.

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Akboru, Mustafa Halil, Selvi Tabak Dincer, and Ozge Kandemir Gursel. "Intraoperative Radiotherapy." Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital 29, Supplement 1 (March 3, 2014): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/otd.supp1.2013.025.

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Kalapurakal, John A., and Patrick R. M. Thomas. "PEDIATRIC RADIOTHERAPY." Radiologic Clinics of North America 35, no. 6 (November 1997): 1265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00726-6.

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&NA;. "Antineoplastics/radiotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 408 (July 1992): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204080-00008.

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Iwata, Hiromitsu, and Yuta Shibamoto. "FLASH Radiotherapy." RADIOISOTOPES 70, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.70.279.

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Shah, Aastha, and U. Suryanarayan. "Hemostatic radiotherapy." Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 12, no. 3 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_25_21.

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OZDEMIR, Sevim. "Adaptive radiotherapy." Turkish Journal of Oncology 28, no. 3 (2013): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjoncol.2013.990.

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&NA;. "Antineoplastics ?? radiotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 286 (February 1990): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199002860-00006.

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&NA;. "Antineoplastics + radiotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 299 (May 1990): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199002990-00010.

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