Dissertationen zum Thema „Radicaux phénoxy“
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Ridany, Manal. „Radicaux phénoxy impliqués dans la biosynthèse de la lignine : photo-génération en conditions de chimie en flux, formation et piégeage par la peroxydase de raifort“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet, although its creation mechanism and structures remain unknown. In this study, lignin and lignification were investigated using three different approaches. The first technique was developed to study the different linkages constitute lignin by radical coupling to form a dimer in presence of riboflavin as a photosensitizer under UV-light (395 nm), using continuous-flow photochemistry in micro-reactors. The second technique was devised to investigate the lignin interunit connections created by a simple lignin monomeric molecule, meaning immobilized enzymes that allowed for the simulation of the hydrophobic environment for lignin production. The third technique, which involved the use of alkyne-containing monolignols, allowed researchers to investigate the behavior of peroxidases during the oxidation of lignin monomers. It also enabled researchers to investigate lignification by analyzing the deactivation or identification of lignification peroxidases via click-chemistry processes.The first strategy consisted of the dimerization of different monomers of natural lignin. High dimerization yield of all coupled dimers was achieved including C-C, C-O or β-β' linkages. Immobilized enzymes were employed in the second strategy to investigate vanillin polymerization as a lignin template. After derivatization in either acidic or basic solution, the oxidation reaction of vanillin catalyzed by immobilized HRP resulted in the synthesis of polyvanillin with up to 15 units, primarily linked by carbon-oxygen bonds, as demonstrated by MALDI-FT-ICR studies. In the third strategy the modulation of HRP activity during oxidation of its substrates was explored utilizing modified monolignols bearing alkyne tags. In the presence of H2O2, HRP creates phenoxyl radicals during phenol oxidation. These radicals react with HRP, changing its heme or apoprotein via several routes. Coumaric acid-derived compounds inhibited HRP with varying effectiveness and specificity across the lignification probes utilized in this work. A kinetic analysis demonstrated that two probes, propargyl coumarate and methyl coumarate, were responsible for the full loss of HRP activity
Dabbousy, Ranin. „Mécanisme de la lignification : isolement et caractérisation des enzymes, transformation des substrats in vitro, et caracterisation de la lignine obtenue“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR061.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is the second biopolymer on earth but the mechanism of its formation and its structures are still poorly understood. In this work, lignin and lignification were studied following three strategies. The first strategy was developed to study lignin interunit linkages formed using a simple lignin monomeric compound implying immobilized enzymes that allowed to mimic the hydrophobic environment for lignin synthesis. The second strategy focused on the identification of lignin-specific peroxidases, through the isolation of peroxidases from the leaves and stems of model plants. The third strategy, which consisted of the usage of alkyne-bearing monolignols allowed to study the behavior of peroxidases during the oxidation of lignin monomers. It also allowed to tackle lignification through studying the inactivation or the identification of lignification peroxidases via click-chemistry reactions.The first strategy consisted of the immobilization of model oxidoreductases including horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) on hydrophobic beads. High immobilization yield (≥75%) of both enzymes was achieved. The immobilized enzymes were used for the investigation of vanillin polymerization as a template of lignin. Oxidation reaction of vanillin catalyzed by immobilized HRP resulted in the formation of polyvanillin with up to 15 units, mainly linked by carbon-oxygen linkages as revealed by MALDI-FT-ICR analyses after derivatization in either acidic or basic medium. In the second strategy peroxidases from eucalyptus and spinach plants were partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation in a saturation ratio of 80% and DEAE-ion exchange chromatography with a purification fold of 3 for eucalyptus peroxidases and 2 and 7 for spinach stem and leaves peroxidases, with an enzyme recovery of 6%, 5% and 13% respectively. Purified peroxidases were identified by proteomics using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS analysis). In the third strategy, the modification of the activity of HRP during the oxidation of its substrates was studied using modified monolignols bearing alkyne tags. During phenol oxidation, HRP generates phenoxyl radicals in the presence of H2O2. These radicals react with HRP affecting its heme or its apoprotein following different pathways. Among the ligninication probes used in this study, coumaric acid-derived compounds efficiently inhibited HRP with different efficiency and specificity. Particularly two probes, propargyl coumarate and methyl coumarate were responsible for a complete loss of HRP activity as revealed by a kinetic study. Proteomics and mass spectrometry analyses helped decipher the reasons behind this inactivation including modifications of heme and amino acid alterations of the HRP protein moiety.Altogether these results show that advanced mass spectrometry techniques and proteomics contribute to better understanding of the fate of phenoxyl radicals during lignification
Halley, Frank. „Recherche des radicaux dans les réactions de O et C-phénylation par les composés pentavalents du bismuth“. Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with some mecanistics studies on the-O and C-phenylation reactions of different substrates by pentavalent organobismuth compounds. The first part is devoted to the detection of phenyl radical by ESR and spin trapping in the phenylation reaction by bismuth, lead, iodine, sulfur and antimony reagents. In the second part, kinetic studies of some O- and C-phenylations followed by HPLC and/or UV-visible spectroscopy are described. Some general conclusions are drawn on the C-phenylation reaction mechanisms. In the third part, different mechanisms are depicted ta explain the formation of coupling products during the reaction of hindered phenols with bismuth V reagents. A new reaction, the para-C-phenylation of hindered phenols is described
Dol, Cyrielle. „Effet du nanoconfinement par des matériaux nanostructurés sur les propriétés des radicaux phénoxyle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4739.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : The aim of this study is to explore the influence of nanoconfinement on the phenoxyl radical behavior. A new methodology allowing the traceless solid state generation of phenoxyl radical was developed. It relies on the fragmentation of a diazene moieties and no solvent nor co-reagent are needed. A spin-trapping study was used to validate this approach. A wide variety of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, like mesoporous silica (SBA-15, MCM-41) and lamellar or porous polysilsesquioxane, functionalized with various phenoxyl radical precursors was synthesized. The spectroscopic properties of the phenoxyl radical contained in these materials were studied by EPR. These materials enable an amazing increase of the phenoxyl radical lifetime, they transform transient phenoxyl radical into persistent and even stable ones. The influence of the confinement has also been observed on the radical relaxation properties. Finally, an application of these materials as polymerization photo-initiator was successfully developed
Dol, Cyrielle. „Effet du nanoconfinement par des matériaux nanostructurés sur les propriétés des radicaux phénoxyle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4739.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : The aim of this study is to explore the influence of nanoconfinement on the phenoxyl radical behavior. A new methodology allowing the traceless solid state generation of phenoxyl radical was developed. It relies on the fragmentation of a diazene moieties and no solvent nor co-reagent are needed. A spin-trapping study was used to validate this approach. A wide variety of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, like mesoporous silica (SBA-15, MCM-41) and lamellar or porous polysilsesquioxane, functionalized with various phenoxyl radical precursors was synthesized. The spectroscopic properties of the phenoxyl radical contained in these materials were studied by EPR. These materials enable an amazing increase of the phenoxyl radical lifetime, they transform transient phenoxyl radical into persistent and even stable ones. The influence of the confinement has also been observed on the radical relaxation properties. Finally, an application of these materials as polymerization photo-initiator was successfully developed
Rustan, Isabelle. „Contribution à l'étude du pouvoir antiradicalaire de produits naturels“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKozlowski, David. „Etude théorique de l'activité antioxydante et des mécanismes réactionnels des composés phénoliques“. Limoges, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIMO330C.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe studied from a fondamental point of view the antioxydant activity of phenolic compounds. In quantum chemistry approach DFT proves to be most effective to understand at the fundamental level wich are the intimate mechanisms HAT (H Atom Transfer) and ET (Transfer Electron) wich occur in the reactions between the flavonoid and free radicals. We studied the reactivity of several series of phenolic compounds to establish the activity relationship. This work concerned eleven flavonoids, eleven chalcones and three lignanes, and some of the phenolic compounds model. The calculation of BDEs (Bond Dissociation Enthalpies) showed a very good correlation with the experimental results and seems to confirm the importance of mechanism HAT to explain their capacity to scavage the free radicals. The estimate of the HAT barriers process and the solvation effects also confirmed the importance of HAT mechanism, placing the ET mechanisme as a secondary mechanims. In addition in the continuity of experimental work on the gamma radiolysis of a series of flavonoids carried out within the team "Biomolécules" EA4021, we studied their reaction with the three radicals resulting from the radiolyse of solvents (i. E. , alcohols in the case of the flavonoids), and in particular the reactional mechanism allowing the transformation of flavonoids into depsides. The same study was undertaken with a phenolic acid, the ferulic acid. The theoretical results agree and validate the experimental results and the reactional pathway prposed to describe the reactivity of the flavonoids
Michel, Fabien. „Association cuivre-radical phénoxyle : chimie en solution et modèles bio-inspirés de la Galactose Oxydase“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGALACTOSE OXIDASE IS AN EXTRACELLULAR COPPER-CONTAINING ENZYME THAT CATALYSES THE OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS TO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALDEHYDES WITH CONCOMITANT REDUCTION OF MOLECULAR DIOXYGEN TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. ITS ACTIVE SITE CONTAINS A COPPER ATOM MAGNETICALLY COUPLED TO A TYROSYL RADICAL: THIS ORIGINAL ASSOCIATION ALLOWS THE STORAGE OF TWO OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT. With SYNTHETIC COPPER COMPLEXES, WE HAVE REPRODUCED THIS ASSOCIATION AND EXTENSED IT TO MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENTS. FIRST, WE HAVE PREPARED THE PRECURSOR COPPER COMPLEXES FROM SEVERAL LIGANDS. THE PHENOXYL COPPER(II) COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY ONE- ELECTRON OXYDATION. OUR RESUTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE LIGAND STRUCTURE INFLUENCES THE GEOMETRY ARROUND THE METAL CENTER AND ALSO THE STABILITY OF THE RADICAL SPECIES. IN A SECOND PART, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE SOLUTION CHEMISTRY OF THE LIGAND UNDER VARIOUS COPPER AND DIOXYGEN STATUS IN ORDER TO MIMIC AND UNDERSTAND THE MATURATION OF GALACTOSE OXIDASE ; 19 FLUORINE NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROVED TO BE A POWERFUL TOOL IN THIS STUDY : 19F LABELING HAS BEEN REALIZED BY INCORPORATED A F ATOM IN A QUINOLIN OR A F ATOM AND A CF3 GROUP IN A PHENOL. IN THE LAST PART, THE SYNTHESIS OF BIO-INSPIRED COMPLEXES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED: THE FIRST BRIDGING PHENOXYL COPPER COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED AND CHARACTERIZED
Bouguerne, Benaissa. „Conception et synthèse de dérivés phénoliques hautement fonctionnalisés et études de leurs propriétés biologiques vis-à-vis des maladies cardiovasculaires (athérosclérose)“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1562/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within the vascular wall trigger LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation and carbonyl stress that are involved in atherogenesis. New families of compounds with antioxidant activities have been developed around the phenolic phosphonates or hydrazones derived from cinnamic acid, syringaldehyde, or bis-vanillin. The aim of this work was first focused on the biological evaluation of molecules previously synthesized in the laboratory. These molecules are monomers deriving from syringaldehyde/hydrazones coupling réaction, and a dimer (Bisvanillylhydralazone or BVH) resulting from the coupling of two hydralazines equivalents with bisvanilline. The syringic hydrazones demonstrated a good antioxidant activity against the oxidation of LDLs. More gratifyingly, the bisvanillylhydralazone (BVH) showed that it i) strongly inhibited LDL oxidation induced by copper and human endothelial cells (HMEC-1), and prevented the formation of foam cells, ii) reduced the generation of extracellular ROS (anion superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) induced by oxLDLs, intracellular oxidative stress, activation of proteasome, of NF-kappa B and of the proinflammatory signaling induced by oxLDL, iii) prevented protein carbonylation and blocked the apoptotic cascade initiated by oxLDLs in endothelial cells, iv) reduced by more than 50% the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-/ - mice. Based on previous results on structure activity relationships (bis aryl phosphonates: no activity, BVH: important activity), we have developed another family of compounds based on bis aryl ether structure. An extensive synthetic methodological study was overtaken in order to find the conditions for coupling between a carefully protected hydroxyvanilline and the corresponding halide. The coupling was rendered possible by the Ullmann reaction leading to the desired bis aryl aldehyde, but also through "Ullmann modified reaction" i. E coupling of two partners in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper triflate and base. Symmetrical phosphonate compounds and hydrazones were then synthesized and tested, with very good antioxidant and cytoprotective activities for both families. The diaryl ether constitutes therefore a new scaffold to elaborate compounds with the desired activities
Ruyffelaere, Fanny. „Etude mécanistique et cinétique de la dégradation oxydante des molécules parfumantes“. Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerfumes degradation is a problem of major concern in the perfumery industry because it is responsible for the loss of the odoriferous properties. The aim of this study was to identify the main chemical and photochemical processes, which result in the oxidative degradation of perfumed molecules. The first part was dedicated to the determination of the reactivity of perfumed molecules towards singlet oxygen(1O2) by measuring their global reactivity constants (kr + kq) by resorting to flash photolysis. The photosensitizing properties of dyes commonly used in perfumed composition were also assessed. The second part focuses on the interest of the oxidation potential as an oxidability index for the perfumed molecules. The third part deals with the elucidation of the aldehydes degradation mechanism in a silicone based complex matrix. The last part aimed at determining the antioxidant properties of phenolic perfumed molecules
Lallement, Audrey. „Impact des processus photochimiques et biologiques sur la composition chimique du nuage“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of global warming, more precise knowledge of atmospheric processes is needed to evaluate their impact on the Earth radiative budget. Clouds can limit the increase of temperature but this retroaction is not well understood due to a lack of knowledge of cloud media (like organic fraction composition). From the beginning of atmospheric studies, only chemical, especially radical, reactions was taken into account. However microorganisms metabolically active were found in cloud water arising questions about their role as biocatalyst. They are able to use carboxylic acids as nutriments, to degrade radical precursor (like H2O2) and to survive oxidative stress. The aim of this work is to quantify the impact of photochemical and biological processes on cloud chemistry composition. First, the concentrations of •OH, the most reactive radical, were evaluated and the influence of microorganisms on the concentrations were studied. A new method was developed in artificial medial before direct quantification of steady state •OH concentration in atmospheric waters (rain and cloud waters). Concentrations ranged from 10-17 to 10-15 M and did not change in presence of microorganisms. These measures were lower than concentrations estimated by chemical atmospheric models. A possible explanation was an underestimation of the main sink of this radical (organic matter). To better characterize this fraction, simple aromatic compounds were identified in cloud waters, phenol was found in the 8 samples analyzed. To go further, we studied phenol degradation in detail. Enzyme transcripts involved in phenol degradation were present in cloud water samples showing in situ activity of native bacteria. 93% of tested cultural strains, isolated from cloud waters, were able to degrade phenol. To quantify the relative contribution of radical versus microbial processes allowing phenol degradation, we performed photo-biodegradation experiment with a model strain (Rhodococcus erythropolis PDD-23b-28). Our results showed that these two processes participated equally to phenol degradation, suggesting that microorganisms and radicals can be involved in atmospheric natural remediation
Fadel, Ophélie. „Étude des propriétés interfaciales de polyphénols modèles : compréhension des mécanismes d'action au niveau membranaire“. Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOxidative stress in biological systems is controlled by the balance between pro- and antioxidants. The protective effect of antioxidant molecules is crucial to preserve the functions of biomolecules that can be degraded by an oxidative stress. DNA, proteins and lipids are the major targets. The protective efficiency of antioxidant may then depend on the oxidizable substrate and their cellular location : near areas where prooxidants are produced or near the biomolecular targets of oxidant attacks. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants commonly distributed in the plant-kingdom and our diet. Their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress constitutes an emerging field of research. We studied some polyphenols belonging to different classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans) to establish a relationship between structure, membrane insertion and antioxidant activity. To better understand their biological activity, we investigated the ability of polyphenols to interact with lipid membranes by using models such as liposomes and Langmuir monolayers. We highlighted the different parameters involved in their activity. Thanks to their structure, polyphenols scavenge free radicals efficiently. They are able to insert spontaneously into lipid vesicles. Thus, their location at the polar headgroups of phospholipids and their ability to increase lipid order in fluid phase would enable them to improve their efficacy. Furthermore, polyphenols would insert into biological membranes without altering their physicochemical properties and exhibit a greater affinity for unsaturated lipids, which are the targets of the oxydation. Finally, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols against lipid peroxidation would be explained by the activty of molecules found both in the membrane and in the external compartment
Marvilliers, Sandrine. „Synthèses, caractérisations et études du comportement en oxydation de complexes dinucléaires fer-oxo et manganèse-oxo d'intérêt biologique“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTURPIN, Estelle. „CINETIQUE ET MECANISME DE DEGRADATION ATMOSPHERIQUE DE TROIS COMPOSES ORGANIQUES VOLATILS : L'ACETONE, LE PHENOL ET LE CATECHOL“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009890.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaguerre, Mickaël. „Bases moléculaires de la capacité antioxydante de composés phénoliques : étude en milieux homogène, émulsionné et cellulaire“. Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo date, growing evidences suggest that, in addition to organism antioxidant defences, intake of dietary antioxidants may protect important biological molecules from oxidative stress. Among these, phenolics are particularly promising, owing to their ubiquity in the plant kingdom. However, this purpose suggests many crucial questions, regarding the real antioxidant capacity of these compounds, and how to evaluate it. One of the aims of this work was to obtain a better understanding of the antioxidant properties of such compounds, what supposes to have access to various test systems including homogeneous, emulsified and cellular media. Concerning the study in homogeneous system, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were chosen, whereas for emulsified and cellular systems, specific methodologies were developed. Concerning emulsified media, we developed a new spectrophotometric method called conjugated autoxidizable triene (CAT) assay, which is based on the absorption properties of eleostearic acid, a conjugated trienoic fatty acid found in Aleurites fordii seed oil (also called tung oil). For natural pluri-compartimented media, we employed cellular lines of fibroblasts, which are characterized by an important production of endogeneous oxydative species. The second objective was to characterize structural moities involved in the antioxidant capacity determinism. For this purpose, simple compounds including pure phenolic acids and flavonoids or plant phenolic extracts have been used. It appeared that the number of phenolic hydroxyl did not exert a significant effect on the antioxidant capacity when it was taken independently to their position on the aromatic ring. On the opposite, it has been noticed that the catechol structure has been mainly involved in the antioxidant capacity determinism for ORACFL and CAT assays, but seemed to be far less influent on the antiradical capacity as measured by the DPPH method. Besides the study of simple phenolics, functionalized molecules resulting from the esterification of 5-cafeoylquinic acid by various aliphatic alcohols have also been employed. It has been shown in emulsified and cellular systems that a maximal antioxidant effect was obtained for the dodecylic ester. These results underline the influence of the aliphatic chain length on the antioxidant properties of phenolic molecules in heterogeneous systems involving aqueous and lipidic phases
Brugnara, Andrea. „Contrôle cavitaire de la réactivité redox d'un ion métallique (Cu) dans un environnement biomimétique“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P625/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe X6TMPA molecule is composed by a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TMPA) cap covalently linked to the small rim of the calix[6]arene. This compound can coordinate and stabilize a Cu(I)/Cu(II) ion in a mononuclear environment. These compounds possess unique properties in host-guest and redox chemistry.This PhD thesis work describes some synthetic strategies employed in order to modify the scaffold of the macrocycle, either at the large or the small rim. Moreover, the studies conducted in order to evaluate the impact of each structural modification on the reactivity of the resulting system are detailed. Chapter 2 describes the “large rim tri-functionalization” strategy. It has been employed to introduce three hydrophilic moieties on the calix[6]arene unit. These groups enable the water-solubilization of the molecule, as well as the Cu(I)/Cu(II) monometallic complexes. For these systems, host-guest chemistry in aqueous media has been explored: a remarkable property is the high affinity of the cupric complex for fluoride anion. Chapter 3 describes the “large rim hexa-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds have been employed for novel applications, as surface functionalization or “monoclick” reaction. Chapter 4 describes the “small rim tri-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds are reactive in solution. A phenol-containing macrocycle, that gives a stable radical species at room temperature, and a quinone-containing macrocycle, in which the calix[6]arene moiety is a redox-active unit, are presented. Moreover, the reactivity of the monometallic complexes (Zinc, Copper) has been explored and discussed
De, Leener Gaël. „Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands : étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMore than 30% of all enzymes present a metal ion in their active site. Interesting sub-families present a mononuclear active site where a single metal ion (Zn2+ or Cun+) is coordinated to a polyhistidine core. The elaboration of model compounds is important for understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in their bio-catalytic cycles. In this context, we have developed calix[6]arene based ligands presenting an aza cap covalently linked to the calixarene moiety. These supramolecular assemblies present several advantages: they offer a coordination site for a metal ion through the nitrogen donor atoms of the cap, the small rim of the calixarene moiety defines the second coordination sphere, and the hydrophobic cavity presents an access channel for exogenous ligands. In these systems the coordinating nitrogen atoms are separated from the oxygen rich small rim by two carbon atoms, which allows the controlled coordination of one single guest inside the cavity. Wanting to modulate the properties of the calix[6]arene tren-based (tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) ligand, we successfully synthetized several new receptors and studied their reactivity. The synthesis of “two-story” receptors, the calix[6]amido-tren and calix[6]amido-tacn, allowed the modification of the first and second coordination sphere of a coordinated metal ion by introducing an additional spacer between the tripodal aza-cap and the calixarene macrocycle. The complexes of CuI, CuII and ZnII of these new ligands were synthesized and their reactivity was studied. The presence of three potentially coordinating carbonyl groups changed the host-guest reactivity of these metal complexes as they are in competition with exogenous ligands. A comparative study of the host-guest properties and of the reactivity of the metal complexes of both ligands, calix[6]amido-tren and calix[6]amido-tacn was realized. The cavity of these “two-story” ligands is larger than the one of the parent calix[6]tren and more flexible, allowing not only the coordination of an anion, but the simultaneous coordination of two Cl¯ ligands. The oxidation of sterically hindered amines into hydroxylamines and oximes in the presence of O2 was electrochemically realized by the reduction of the cupric center forming a CuII-superoxo adduct as the reactive species. Amine oxidation has been shown for the parent complex, however, the scope of this reaction was limited due to the smaller cavity. The formation of a CuII-superoxo adduct of the calix[6]amido-tren complex was qualitatively evidenced at low temperature upon addition of O2 to the isolated cuprous complex. This type of adduct has attracted much attention in recent years since it is considered to be a reactive intermediate in the catalytic cycle of copper monooxygenases, such as PHM and DβM. A supramolecular assisted demethylation methodology was developed for different capped calix[6]azacryptands. This methodology was then successfully applied to the demethylation of calix[6]tren in order to obtain calix[6]trentrisPhOH. This receptor showed a very different behavior in comparison to the parent one. Indeed, the complexation of anions and biologically relevant ammonium ions was evidenced by the monoprotonated receptor. The metal complexes of CuII and ZnII were synthesized. The interaction between the metal center and the phenate groups in presence of base has been evidenced and has conducted to a multi-step molecular switch. The cupric complex showed the presence of a phenoxyl radical resembling the oxidized form of galactose oxidase, catalyzing the oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes. These results open the way to new perspectives in reactivity studies. An analog of calix[6]tren, bearing a functionalized reactive arm on the tren cap, was synthesized and the corresponding CuII complex was immobilized on a gold surface through a monolayer formation. (...)
Imbs, Claire. „Synthèses éco-compatibles de nouveaux fongicides par chimie radicalaire“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2457/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to synthesize innovative fungicides by the most ecocompatible way. Several hypotheses have been investigated. First, an extensively studied molecule, intermediate of fungicides, o-cresol1, has been achieved from a natural substrate, salicylaldehyde2. The experimental conditions have been eco-designed in the aim to best match green chemistry requirements. Green solvents and reactants have been used, as ethanol, water and acetic acid3 for example, as well as alternative technologies like microwaves activation (Schema 1). Secondly, novel fungicides green syntheses have been carried out. Salicylaldehyde, a natural substrate model, reacted with various alcohols in the aim to perform reductive etherification reactions. In this way, products were composed of phenolic part with an alkoxyl group at the 2nd position. These alcoxyl groups have various chain lengths, playing a key role in fungicidal ability (Schema 1). Then, homo and hetero pinacol coupling reactions have been achieved with various aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes to obtain symmetrical and asymmetrical vicinal diols, called pinacols (Schema 1). At last, fungidal and antioxidant properties of all stable obtained molecules, referenced or not, as well as starting materials, have been evaluated. Microbiological studies have been carried out with various fungal strains
Michel, Fabien. „ASSOCIATION CUIVRE-RADICAL PHENOXYLE: CHIMIE EN SOLUTION ET MODELES BIO-INSPIRES DE LA GALACTOSE OXYDASE“. Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA PARTIR DE COMPLEXES DU CUIVRE MODELES, NOUS AVONS REPRODUIT CETTE ASSOCIATION ET L'AVONS ETENDUE A DES STRUCTURES PLUS COMPLEXES POUVANT EMMAGASINER TROIS ET QUATRE EQUIVALENTS OXYDANTS.
EN PREMIER LIEU, NOUS AVONS PREPARE DES COMPLEXES DU CUIVRE A PARTIR DE LIGANDS TRIPODAUX A SPHERE DE COORDINATION DE TYPE N3O. LES COMPLEXES RADICAL PHENOXYLE-CUIVRE ONT ETE ENGENDRES PAR OXYDATION ELECTROCHIMIQUE DES COMPLEXES PRECEDENTS. NOUS AVONS PU OBSERVER DES EFFETS DE LA STRUCTURE DU LIGANDS SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT AUTOUR DU CUIVRE ET SUR LA STABILITE DES COMPLEXES RADICALAIRES CORRESPONDANTS.
DANS UN SECOND TEMPS, LA CHIMIE EN SOLUTION DES LIGANDS EN PRESENCE DE CUIVRE(I) OU (II), SOUS DES CONDITIONS AEROBIQUES OU ANAEROBIQUES, A ETE ETUDIEE AFIN DE MIMER ET COMPRENDRE LE PROCESSUS DE MATURATION DE L'ENZYME. UNE ETUDE PAR RMN DU FLUOR 19 A PERMIS D'APPORTER UNE CONTRIBUTION NOUVELLE A LA COMPREHENSION DE CETTE CHIMIE EN SOLUTION: DIFFERENTS TYPE DE MARQUAGE PAR LE FLUOR ONT ETE UTLILISES: MARQUAGE PAR F OU CF3 SUR UN PHENOL OU F SUR UNE QUINOLEINE.
DANS LA DERNIERE PARTIE, DES COMPLEXES DESTINES A STOCKER PLUS DE DEUX EQUIVALENTS OXYDANTS ONT ETE MIS AU POINT: POUR LE STOKAGE DE TROIS EQUIVALENT OXYDANTS, NOUS AVONS OBTENU LES DEUX PREMIERS COMPLEXES COMPORTANT UN RADICAL PHENOXYLE PONTANT DEUX IONS CUIVRIQUES