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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Racial caste system"
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M, Bhimraj. „The ‘Caste’ as ‘Discrimination Based on Work and Descent’ in International Law: Convincing or Compromising?“ International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, Nr. 4 (25.09.2020): 796–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704005.
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The difficulty in categorising caste discrimination into standard categories of human rights violations has forced Dalit activists into comparing caste discrimination with racial discrimination – a highly condemned practice in international law. This strategy materialised through the word ‘descent’ in Article 1 of the icerd. Currently, caste discrimination has become important on the human rights agenda under the guise of ‘discrimination based on work and descent’ (dwd), and by extension, ‘racial discrimination’. The main theme of this article is to address the capability of the dwd mechanism to comprehensively capture the intricacies of caste discrimination. Upon analysis, it was found that dwd dilutes the religious aspect of the caste system. Hence, this article advocates a caste-specific Convention, which focuses on both religious and secular aspects of the caste system. This won’t happen soon; therefore, caste should be maintained as a unique form of dwd in the meantime.
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Ashalatha. P, Ashalatha P. „Caste System in India and Racial Discrimination in the United States“. Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, Nr. 3 (01.10.2011): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2013/116.
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Goodwin, Michele. „Law and Anti-Blackness“. Michigan Journal of Race & Law, Nr. 26.2 (2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.26.2.law.
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This Article addresses a thin slice of the American stain. Its value derives from the conversation it attempts to foster related to reckoning, reconciliation, and redemption. As the 1930s Federal Writers’ Project attempted to illuminate and make sense of slavery through its Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives From 1936-1938, so too this project seeks to uncover and name law’s role in fomenting racial division and caste. Part I turns to pathos and hate, creating race and otherness through legislating reproduction— literal and figurative. Part II turns to the Thirteenth Amendment. It argues that the preservation of slavery endured through its transformation. That the amendment makes no room for equality further establishes the racial caste system. Part III then examines the making of racial division and caste through state legislation and local ordinances, exposing the sophistry of separate but equal. Part IV turns to the effects of these laws and how they shaped cultural norms. As demonstrated in Parts I-IV, the racial divide and caste system traumatizes its victims, while also undermining the promise of constitutional equality, civil liberties, and civil rights.
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Kadel, Bhanubhakta Sharma. „Caste: A Socio-political Institution in Hindu Society“. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3 (31.07.2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v3i0.17892.
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Caste has been a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle, which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. Hierarchy, commensality, repulsion and hereditary membership and specialization are the major characteristics of caste system. It is assumed that castes arose from differences in family ritual practices, racial distinctions, and occupational differentiation and specialization but it is socio-political institution mainly characterized by domination and subjugation. APA model has been applied to this research work. The theory of origin of caste and its orientation has been of great use in preparing the article. The readers will be aware of the implicit intention of the writer that the caste system that pervades the South Asian region is not the product of religio-cultural institution nor it has any relation with the Brahminical scripture like the Vedas but it has socio-political orientation.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), page: 9-15
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Davis, Timothy. „America’s Race-Based Caste Structure: Its Impact in College and Professional Sports“. Texas A&M Law Review 9, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2022): 599–654. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v9.i3.2.
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Racial inequities in college and professional sports remain prevalent and persistent despite the awareness of such inequities by those with the power to effectuate change. This Article proposes that explanations frequently offered for the slow pace of progress often fail to account for the hierarchy derived from a race-based caste system embedded in American society. Relying on the work of author Isabel Wilkerson, Part II describes major pillars of America’s race-based caste structure. Part III examines how stereotypes of Blacks’ presumed intellectual inferiority and a lack of fitness for leadership roles adversely impact their access to positions of power in both college and professional sports. Part IV discusses how the caste-system hierarchy and its accompanying mindset manifests in the academic marginalization of Black college athletes and the transfer of revenue disproportionately generated by them to predominantly White coaches, athletic administrators, and athletes in non-revenue generating sports. This Article discusses the limited effectiveness of legal doctrine, including anti-discrimination laws and contract law principles, to significantly diminish the above-referenced racial inequities in college and professional sport. In addition, it proposes specific policies that may assist in achieving greater racial equity in sport. It concludes, however, that a necessary step in moving toward greater racial equity in college and professional sports is an honest recognition that systemic racial inequities are, in part, a product of a caste-system mindset.
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Givel, Michael S. „Evolution of a sundown town and racial caste system: Norman, Oklahoma from 1889 to 1967“. Ethnicities 21, Nr. 4 (28.04.2021): 664–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968211011174.
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Sundown regions were post-Reconstruction localities that deliberately excluded African Americans, often well into the 20th century. While former states of the Confederacy instituted state-wide racial caste systems denying African Americans basic political and economic privileges and opportunities, what of localities outside the Deep South? This case study concludes that Norman, Oklahoma, located outside of the Deep South, was a sundown town from 1889 to 1967 or for 78 years. Sundown implementation practices resulting in ongoing racial cleansing and exclusion include a variety of extra-legal actions including violent racial expulsion in the beginning; Ku Klux Klan terror in the 1920s; ongoing freeze-out of local services such as hotel services; denial of home ownership; denial of employment; curtailment of political rights including voting and freedom of movement; an ominous reputation as a sundown town; continuing violence; and threats. The widespread act of systematically excluding African Americans after dark from Norman, in tandem with state legislation that outlawed interracial marriage and intimate relationships until 1967 and maintaining all white public colleges until 1948, contributed to a racial caste system based on unequal opportunities and privileges afforded to whites. Sundown practices were not only ongoing geographic and racist Jim Crow segregation issues as is sometimes stated, but also, a key approach to enforce a rigid racial caste system in the midst of a society with democratic ideals.
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Ojha, Bhola Nath. „लिखे उपन्यासमा दलित महिलामाथि हुने तेहरो शोषण र त्यस विरुद्धको चेतना {In the novel written, the triple exploitation of Dalit women and the consciousness against it}“. JMC Research Journal 8, Nr. 1 (01.12.2019): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcrj.v8i1.43080.
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प्रस्तुत लेख शरद पौडेलको लिखे उपन्यासमा चित्रित महिला पात्रमा केन्द्रित छ । लिखे उपन्यासमा दलित जात विशेषले कथित उच्च जातकाबाट सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक उत्पीडनको अवस्थालाई चित्रण गरिएको छ । यसमा हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्थाले सिर्जना गरेको छुवाछुतका कारण दलित महिलाहरू लिङ्गीय, वर्णीय र वर्गीय शोषणमा परेको वस्तुसत्यलाई दलित चेतनाका कोणबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका आधारमा हेर्दा कथित उच्च जातका महिलाहरू लिङ्गीय र वर्गीय उत्पीडनमा परेका छन् भने दलित महिलाहरू यसका अतिरक्ति वर्णीय उत्पीडन गरी तेहरो शोषणमा परेका छन् । दलित महिलाहरूको उत्पीडनको अनुभूति मानसिक तहमा मात्र सीमित छ । उनीहरूको अनुभूतिले मानसिक तहमा विद्रोहको सिर्जना गरेको छ, तर उनीहरू माथि भएको जातीय, वर्गीय र लिङ्गीय उत्पीडनका विरुद्ध सङ्गठित रूपमा प्रतिकार गर्ने क्षमताको विकासहुन नसकेको निष्कर्ष अध्ययनको अन्त्यमा निकालिएको छ । {The present article focuses on the female characters portrayed in the novel written by Sharad Poudel. The novel depicts the state of social and cultural oppression by the so-called upper castes, especially the Dalit castes. In it, the fact that Dalit women have been subjected to sexual, racial and class exploitation due to the untouchability created by the Hindu caste system has been analyzed from the angle of Dalit consciousness. On the basis of this study, the so-called upper caste women have been subjected to sexual and class oppression while the Dalit women have been subjected to additional caste oppression and exploitation. The experience of oppression of Dalit women is limited to the mental level only. The study concludes that their perceptions have created a rebellion on a mental level, but they have not developed the ability to co-operate in an organized manner against the racial, class and gender oppression that has befallen them}
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Banerjee, Amrita. „Race and a Transnational Reproductive Caste System: Indian Transnational Surrogacy“. Hypatia 29, Nr. 1 (2014): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12056.
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When it comes to discourses around women's labor in global contexts, we need feminist philosophical frameworks that take the intersections of gender, race, and global capitalism seriously in order to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of women's lives within global processes. Women of color feminist philosophy can bring much to the table in such discussions. In this essay, I theorize about a concrete instance of global women's labor: transnational commercial gestational surrogacy. By introducing a “racialized gender” analysis into the philosophical debate on this issue, I argue that women's reproductive labor is becoming increasingly stratified within the global economy along racial and other lines. This paves the way for a “transnational reproductive caste system,” which ends up reifying various social hierarchies and sustaining existing global inequities. I aim to expose the kind of violence that surrogates experience due to such stratification as women of color in a transnational space. I discuss how discourses of race and existing racial hierarchies play out in international surrogacy and ways in which these, and indeed, the very category of “woman of color” get complicated in international contexts when they intermingle with other localized social forms and global inequities. For the purposes of my argument, I engage several insights from feminist of color Dorothy Roberts's work on race and reproductive technologies in the US.
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Rollins, Aaron C., und Erica R. Hilliard. „A Call to Consciousness: Examining the Evolution of America's Racial Caste System“. Public Administration Review 77, Nr. 2 (27.02.2017): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/puar.12744.
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Al-Maweed, Haya. „Caste Distinction between Hinduism and Judaism - A comparative study-“. Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies 19, Nr. 4 (10.12.2023): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v19i4.281.
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This research addresses the issue of caste-based distinction, which was rooted in Hinduism. This discrimination prevailed in Hindu society, which became divided according to the caste system that was dominant. We can find significant similarities between this and the Jewish caste-based discrimination, though the latter expanded to encompass a division within the Jewish community into two categories: one based on specific criteria, such as descent from a particular lineage, or being born to Jewish parents, while the second seeks to differentiate between Jews and other humans, known as "Goyim".
Racial discrimination was prominent in both Hinduism and Judaism, with the aim of segregating humanity to an extent that is difficult to conceive. It led to looking at others based on factors like gender, color, professions, some religious considerations, and more. Caste-based discrimination represents a religious and social aspect that prevailed in both of these societies, resulting in many laws and duties for each caste that were characterized by their severity and disregard for human dignity.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Racial caste system"
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Taylor, Monica 1968. „Three case studies of Mexican-American female adolescents: Identity exploration through multiple sign systems“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282371.
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The purpose of this study is to create rich, descriptive portraits of the identity perceptions of three female, Mexican American adolescents, as revealed through selected texts of multiple sign systems. These portraits support the concept that identity is a continuum which is complex, dynamic, and multi-faceted. The identities of the participants encompass elements which were derived from each participant individually as well as from their relationships of connection to or opposition of others. Discussing concepts of identity with the participants exemplified that one's identity is a process which is continually evolving and transforming. This transformative process involves experiences of tension, observation, reflection, and action which encourage an individual to adjust, add, or discard particular elements of one's identity. Each participant's integrated self identity entails their individual and relational elements as well as the changes made through tension, observation, reflection, and action. The ethnographic case study design of the research facilitated an exploration of the complexities of constructing one's identity as an adolescent who must reconcile aspects of culture, gender, and class. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, participant and non-participant observation in various data collection sites including school, home, and work, and the gathering of written, visual, and auditory artifacts such as poetry, personal writing, photographs, drawings, and music. Data were analyzed inductively and compared, and case studies reported the findings. The portraits of these three young women illustrate the importance of providing our adolescent students with classroom opportunities to explore and construct their identities through texts of multiple sign systems. By expanding the concept of text to include multiple ways of knowing, educators invite students to express themselves through a variety of sign systems with which they may feel more comfortable. They may use "conventional" literacy, such as reading and writing, and "unconventional" literacies, including music, art, and movement. The portraits of the three female adolescents emphasize the necessity to embrace and seek to understand the multiple identities of our adolescent students, rather than judging them on assumptions made based on their race, class, or gender.
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Foflonker, Khairoonisa. „The integration of adolescents of immigrant origin into the German education system : investigating everyday racism and xenophobia : a case study of an integrated public secondary school in Germany“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10444.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-169).This case study is an ethnographic account of the experiences of immigrant origin adolescents of an integrated public comprehensive school. Field work was conducted from March - April 2007 in Oldenburg, Germany. The aim was to investigate the experiences of everyday racism and xenophobia; and in doing so, give voice to the experiences of marginalized groups within the German education system.
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White, Steven. „For Democracy and a Caste System? World War II, Race, and Democratic Inclusion in the United States“. Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D88W3BVZ.
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Scholars of American politics often assume World War II liberalized white racial attitudes and prompted a liberal shift in the federal government's position on civil rights. This conjecture is generally premised on the existence of an ideological tension between a war against Nazism and the maintenance of white supremacy at home, particularly the southern system of Jim Crow. A possible relationship between the war and civil rights was also suggested by a range of contemporaneous voices, including academics like Gunnar Myrdal and civil rights activists like Walter White and A. Philip Randolph. However, while intuitively plausible, this relationship is generally not well-verified empirically.
Using both survey and archival evidence, I argue the war's impact on white racial attitudes is more limited than is often claimed, but that the war shaped and constrained the executive branch's civil rights agenda in ways institutional scholars have generally ignored. The evidence is presented in two parts: First, I demonstrate that for whites in the mass public, while there is some evidence of slight liberalization on issues of racial prejudice, this does not extend to policies addressing racial inequities. White opposition to federal anti-lynching legislation actually increased during the war, especially in the South. There is some evidence of racial moderation among white veterans, relative to their counterparts who did not serve. However, the range of issues is limited in scope. Second, the war had both compelling and constraining impacts on the Roosevelt and Truman administrations' actions on civil rights. The war increased the probability of any change at all occurring, but in doing so it focused the civil rights agenda on issues of military segregation and defense industry discrimination, rather than a more general anti-segregation and job discrimination agenda. In summary, World War II had myriad impacts on America's racial order. It did not broadly liberalize white attitudes, but its effect on the White House was a precursor to the form of "Cold War civil rights" that would emerge in the 1950s.
Bücher zum Thema "Racial caste system"
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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Inc, Game Counsellor, Hrsg. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.
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Tracy, Paul E. Decision Making and Juvenile Justice. Praeger, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400638541.
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Based on a comprehensive study of three counties in Texas, this work examines the idea of differential handling of minority youth offenders. Traditional wisdom indicates that minorities are over-represented in the juvenile justice system due to racism and discrimination within the system itself. The author refutes this logic by challenging current studies and examining the results of the Texas study. The findings suggest that minorities are represented in the juvenile justice system in greater numbers than their majority offender counterparts due to their greater involvement in criminal activity, not to any differential treatment they may receive at crucial decision points within the system. Allegations of racial bias against the juvenile justice system are often supported by the federal government, which suggests that minorities continue to be targeted more frequently for arrest, prosecution, conviction, and imprisonment merely because they are persons of color. Drawing on new research, the author addresses racial disparity in the juvenile justice system and contends that previous research suffers methodological and statistical analysis problems, resulting in the mischaracterization of the issue of racial bias. The present study argues that most minority juveniles receive different case outcomes because of the severity of their current offense, and both the length and severity of their prior delinquency careers. Tracy's research ultimately indicates that rather than being discriminatory, the juvenile system is, instead, reacting to a particular type of delinquent using legally permissible guidelines.
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Friedline, Terri. Banking on a Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944131.001.0001.
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Technological advancements are poised to completely transform the financial system, making it unrecognizable in just a few short decades. Banks are increasingly using financial technologies, or “fintech,” to deliver products and services and maximize their profits. Technology enthusiasts and some consumer advocates laude fintech for its potential to expand access to banking and finance. If history is any indication, however, fintech stands to reinforce digital forms of redlining and enable banks’ continued racialized exploitation of Black and Brown communities. Banking on a Revolution takes the perspective that the financial system needs a revolution—and not the impending revolution driven by technology. Studying various ways the financial system advantages whites by exploiting and marginalizing Black and Brown communities, Terri Friedline challenges the optimistic belief that fintech can expand access to banking and finance. Friedline applies the lens of financialized racial neoliberal capitalism to demonstrate the financial system’s inherent racism, and explores examples from student loan debt, corporate landlords, community benefits agreements, and banking and payday lending. She makes the case that the financial system needs a people-led revolution that centers the needs, experiences, and perspectives of those it has historically excluded, marginalized, and exploited.
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Tran, Jonathan. Asian Americans and the Spirit of Racial Capitalism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197587904.001.0001.
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Asian Americans and the Spirit of Racial Capitalism contrasts two approaches to antiracist theory and practice. The first emphasizes racial identity to the exclusion of political economy. This approach’s prevalence, in the academy and beyond, now rises to the level of established doctrine. The second approach views racial identity as the function of a particular political economy—what is called racial capitalism—and therefore analytically subordinates racial identity to political economy. The book develops arguments in favor of the second approach. It does so by employing case studies of two Asian American communities: a Chinese migrant settlement in the Mississippi Delta (1868–1969) and a religious base community in the Bayview/Hunters Point section of San Francisco (1969–present). While focused on groups and persons (i.e., the Delta Chinese and Redeemer Community Church) the book more broadly examines racial capitalism’s processes and commitments (i.e., the Delta Chinese business model and Redeemer’s “deep economy”) at the sites of their structural and systemic unfolding. Constructively, the book proposes reframing antiracism in terms of a theologically salient account of political economy. In pursuing a research agenda that pushes beyond the narrow confines of racial identity, the book reaches back to trusted modes of analysis that have been obscured by the prevailing antiracist orthodoxy. Approaching race through political economy will not get at everything that racism is, and does, but it gets at what can be managed, and in the last resort lived. Accordingly, the book invites readers into a different life with race and racism, reimagining what they are and are doing.
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Croasmun, Matthew. An Emergent Account of Sin in Romans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190277987.003.0005.
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This chapter returns to focus squarely on the text of Romans. The hypothesis that Sin is a mythological person emergent from a complex, multilevel system of human transgression is tested exegetically. The story of Sin is traced through the text of Romans 1–8: Sin emerges from human transgression and exercises dominion over its own body, “the Body of Sin” (Rom 6:6), through setting the boundary conditions of the moral psychology of participants in its systems. Liberationist perspectives on Sin’s working of death through the law are marshaled, yielding further insight into the multilevel function of systemic racism (a case study originally taken up in chapter 2). The question of the transmission of sin in debates about “original sin” is addressed in light of the exegetical insights gleaned from the chapter.
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Matthews, Scott L. Capturing the South. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646459.001.0001.
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This expansive history of documentary work in the South during the twentieth century examines the motivations and methodologies of several pivotal documentarians, including sociologists Howard Odum and Arthur Raper, photographers Jack Delano and Danny Lyon, and music ethnographer John Cohen. It also explores the contentious history of documentary work in Hale County, Alabama, a place immortalized by writer James Agee and photographer Walker Evans in their collaborative book, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, as well by other documentary artists such as William Christenberry, Martha Young, and J.W. Otts. The work of these documentarians salvaged and celebrated folk cultures threatened by modernization or strived to reveal and reform problems linked to the region's racial caste system and exploitative agricultural economy. Images of alluring primitivism and troubling pathology often blurred together, neutralizing the aims of documentary work carried out in the name of reform during the Progressive era, New Deal, and civil rights movement. Black and white southerners in turn often resisted documentarians' attempts to turn their private lives into public symbols. Hale County, Alabama and other places in the region became not only an iconic sites of representation but also battlegrounds where black and white residents challenged the right of documentarians to represent them. The accumulation of influential and, occasionally, controversial documentary images of the South created an enduring, complex, and sometimes self-defeating mythology about the region that persists into the twenty-first century.
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Jones, D. Marvin. The Presumption. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216172222.
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This powerful book on racism in the United States argues that a threatening narrative originating in slavery continues to link Black people to inferiority, dangerousness, and crime, causing them to be presumed guilty by society and U.S. legal systems. Why are Black people stopped, arrested, and shot by police at such a high rate? Why are they portrayed in the media as gangbangers and urban thugs? D. Marvin Jones writes that the problem of race lies in the way Blackness has been inextricably knotted together in our culture with presumptions. In the era of segregation this was a presumption of inferiority, but in our era, it is primarily a presumption of dangerousness or criminality. In chapters on slavery, urban spaces, the drug war, media portrayals, and white spaces, he shows how the presumption of guilt continues to shape the treatment of Black people in the United States. Arguing that this presumption is not simply a matter of hate on the part of individuals, but instead a social process linked to a widely shared racial ideology, The Presumption points out the continuation of racial caste in the United States as a crisis for democracy and provides a blueprint for a kind of second Reconstruction.
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New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness TENTH ANNIVERSARY EDITION. New Press, 2020.
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Altink, Henrice. Public Secrets. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620009.001.0001.
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Informed by Critical Race Theory and based on a wide range of sources, including official sources, memoirs, and semi-autobiographical fiction, this book examines multiple forms of racial discrimination in Jamaica and how they were talked about and experienced from the end of the First World War until the demise of democratic socialism in the 1980. Case studies on, amongst others, the labour market, education, the family and legal system will demonstrate the extent to which race and colour shaped social relations in the island in the decades preceding and following independence and convey that racial discrimination was a public secret – everybody knew it took place but few dared to openly discuss or criticise it. The book ends with an examination of race and colour in contemporary Jamaica to show that after independence race and colour have lost little of their power and offers suggestions to overcome the silence on race to facilitate equality of opportunity for all.
Buchteile zum Thema "Racial caste system"
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Schumaker, Robert P., Osama K. Solieman und Hsinchun Chen. „Greyhound Racing Using Neural Networks: A Case Study“. In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 93–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6730-5_10.
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Hall, Enjoli, Shirley Sherrod und Samina Raja. „Toward a Restorative Planning Ethic: Race, History, and Food Planning in Albany, Georgia“. In Urban Agriculture, 219–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32076-7_12.
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AbstractContemporary discussions of equity in planning for urban agriculture remains incomplete when decoupled from the history of racialized food systems in the United States. This chapter documents the decades-long experiences and practices of community-based food systems actors in the small southern city of Albany, Georgia. Through a case study of the Southwest Georgia Project for Community Education. a nonprofit organization that focuses on food systems and community empowerment, we explore the practices of community actors against a complex history of racial dispossession and discrimination that they resist and strive to transform. Community food actors engage in transformative work in order to improve the city’s food system and promote self-determination. The experiences of community actors in Albany, Georgia offer insights into Black people in the United States as producers of food and makers of place. Additionally, the example of Albany examines the potential for urban agriculture as a tool for racial justice, and offers a paradigm for local government public policy to support racial healing in deeply divided communities. The longer history of community-led food planning presented here illuminates the thin line between the past and the present and surfaces a restorative planning ethic, a planning framework that is simultaneously future-oriented and historically-informed and demands that planners engage with and enhance the self-determination of communities that act as storehouses of history and memory in order to acknowledge and account for past harms and wrongs.
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Hodgson, Kimberley. „Integrating Equity as a Central Theme in Urban Agriculture: The Case of the City of Seattle, Washington“. In Urban Agriculture, 335–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32076-7_18.
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AbstractLocal food is not a new topic in Seattle and surrounding region. Nestled in an agriculturally rich region, Seattle has a long and robust history of backyard and community gardening. A strong network of grassroots and community-based organizations work on food system issues. Many of these organizations have been actively addressing issues such as community gardening, food production, and food security since the early 1970s, long before the city government began to take an interest in the Seattle food system. The Seattle city government established the P-Patch Community Gardening Program in 1973, and the Seattle-King County department of public health has been actively engaged in nutrition issues for decades. However, it was not until the early 2000s, that the city government began engaging in systems change. The Seattle city government supports a number of urban agriculture and food systems related issues through public planning, policy and funding decisions. This chapter explores the various geographic, social, agricultural and governmental contexts at play and provides a critical examination of the city government’s response to urban agriculture. The chapter describes the city government’s impetus for addressing urban agriculture through public policy and an overview of the various opportunities and challenges it has faced along the way in addressing larger societal issues such as racial and social justice through urban agriculture. The author uses a critical lens to examine key policies such as the urban agriculture zoning regulations and the Local Food Action Plan, and key projects, such as the Rainier Beach Urban Farm & Wetlands Project, to better understand the impacts of urban agriculture policies on social, health and racial equity in Seattle.
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Schumaker, Robert P., Osama K. Solieman und Hsinchun Chen. „Greyhound Racing Using Support Vector Machines: A Case Study“. In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 101–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6730-5_11.
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Ostrom, Elinor. „Racial Inequalities in Low-Income Central City and Suburban Communities: The Case of Police Services“. In Policy Implementation in Federal and Unitary Systems, 235–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5089-4_14.
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Pereira, Ivo, Ana Madureira und Bruno Cunha. „Metaheuristics Parameter Tuning Using Racing and Case-Based Reasoning in Scheduling Systems“. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 911–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53480-0_90.
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de Pinho, Maria Inês Ribeiro Basílio, und Ana Catarina da Silva Rodrigues. „Sports and Cultural Tourism at Vila Real: WTCR Car Racing Case Study“. In Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems, 541–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1040-1_46.
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Sohrabi, Poya, Eleni Oikonomaki, Nourhan Hamdy, Christina Kakderi und Carmelina Bevilacqua. „Navigating the Green Transition During the Pandemic Equitably: A New Perspective on Technological Resilience Among Boston Neighborhoods Facing the Shock“. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 285–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34211-0_14.
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AbstractCities, public authorities, and private organizations respond to climate change with various green policies and strategies to enhance community resilience. However, these community-level transition processes are complex and require deliberate and collective planning. Under this context, the purpose of this study is to understand the energy actions taken at the local level, as well as to analyze the differences between the neighborhoods’ green energy transitions in terms of their socio-economic aspects, using a big data perspective. The paper is addressing the following question: what was the role that the pandemic played in accelerating or slowing Boston’s green investments, and to what extent do different racial and socioeconomic groups invest in green technologies during this period? The study aims to answer these research questions using the City of Boston as a case study to reveal different neighborhoods’ paths in achieving the transformation of city ecosystems towards green neutrality. Next, the theoretical framework builds the linkages among the city’s measures, climate actions proposed by the City of Boston, and their associated contexts and outcomes in shaping new policy and planning models for higher ‘green’ performance. Following the understanding of the actions, the neighborhoods’ socio-economic and building permit data were assessed to understand whether economic disparities exacerbated during the pandemic have affected neighborhoods’ performance in green transition. This method is applied in a comparative study of its 23 neighborhoods, using a dataset provided by Boston Area Research Initiative (BARI). Intriguingly, the paper’s findings show that racial differences within the city have no significant impact on tech-related expenditures. There is a clear negative correlation between poverty rate and investment, which indicates the reverse relationship between these socio-economic factors. The study concludes that city authorities will need to address the challenges of each community achieving green transition with more targeted programs based on its needs.
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„Macon County and Alabama’s Racial Caste System“. In Revolution by Law, 39–56. University Press of Kansas, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2s5b4fv.6.
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Tyler, Dennis. „The Disabilities of Caste“. In Disabilities of the Color Line, 164–96. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805846.003.0006.
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This chapter examines how disability serves as one of the Jim Crow caste system’s most effective tools of racial oppression, by focusing primarily on scenes of racial exclusion, coercion, and violence in James Weldon Johnson’s Along This Way and The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Demonstrating that Jim Crow is more than a caste system that separated white people from Black people, this chapter maps out the disabilities of Jim Crow—the way the system inflicted physical and psychological wounds on Black folks, disciplined their bodies, stigmatized them, and restricted their movement in public spaces. This chapter also shows the innovativeness of Black resistance to survive and progress despite the onslaught of disabilities posed by that race-based caste system.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Racial caste system"
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Bussaja, Janga. „Leveraging an African-Centered Language Model (LLM) for Dismantling White Supremacy: The Case of “SMOKY”“. In 12th International Conference of Security, Privacy and Trust Management. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.141109.
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The system outlined in this proposal exists in a conceptual phase, awaiting the necessary resources for implementation. The theoretical framework presented herein lays the foundation for the development and deployment of 'Smoky,' an innovative artificial intelligence system designed to confront systemic racism. Grounded in African-centered scholarship and equipped with sophisticated monitoring capabilities, 'Smoky' stands as a pioneering endeavor in the realm of leveraging technology for social equity. This scholarly exploration delves into the conceptualization, development, and potential applications of 'Smoky' as a formidable asset in the ongoing struggle against racial injustice. As with any transformative idea, securing funding and support is paramount to transitioning from theory to tangible action. This paper serves as a call to philanthropists and potential collaborators to join in the realization of this vision, contributing to the advancement of technology-driven solutions for social justice.
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Sorrentino, Gennaro, Luca Danese, Salvatore Circosta, Stefano Feraco, Irfan Khan, Sara Luciani, Angelo Bonfitto und Nicola Amati. „Remote Emergency Braking System for Autonomous Racing Electric Vehicles“. In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67426.
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Abstract Advanced brake assist systems can avoid road accidents since the vehicles impact speed can be significantly reduced. To this end, different autonomous emergency braking systems are designed for recent vehicles on the market. This paper presents a pneumo-hydraulic Emergency Braking System (EBS) for autonomous racing vehicles. The purpose of the system is safely stopping the vehicle in case of any failures during autonomous driving. Failures can be detected both by the autonomous system itself and by human supervisors. The actuation system involves passive energy storage of compressed air to directly activate the hydraulic braking lines through pneumo-hydraulic pressure intensifiers. The coupling component between failures detection and actuation is a normally-open solenoid valve. The system is designed to respect deceleration and actuation time requirements, together with packaging constraints due to integration in an existing racing prototype. Specifically, the system requirements are specified by the racing competition rules: the overall reaction time of the retained EBS must be lower than 0.2 s, and the actuated mean deceleration must be greater than 8 m/s2 on a dry track surface while keeping stable driving conditions. The validation and tuning of the system is performed in a simulated environment. Therefore, an extensive experimental validation of the system is required in the real applications.
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Soria, Nicolás F., Mitchell K. Colby, Irem Y. Tumer, Christopher Hoyle und Kagan Tumer. „Design of Complex Engineering Systems Using Multiagent Coordination“. In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59570.
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In complex engineering systems, complexity may arise by design, or as a by-product of the system’s operation. In either case, the root cause of complexity is the same: the unpredictable manner in which interactions among components modify system behavior. Traditionally, two different approaches are used to handle such complexity: (i) a centralized design approach where the impacts of all potential system states and behaviors resulting from design decisions must be accurately modeled; and (ii) an approach based on externally legislating design decisions, which avoid such difficulties, but at the cost of expensive external mechanisms to determine trade-offs among competing design decisions. Our approach is a hybrid of the two approaches, providing a method in which decisions can be reconciled without the need for either detailed interaction models or external mechanisms. A key insight of this approach is that complex system design, undertaken with respect to a variety of design objectives, is fundamentally similar to the multiagent coordination problem, where component decisions and their interactions lead to global behavior. The design of a race car is used as the case study. The results of this paper demonstrate that a team of autonomous agents using a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm can effectively design a Formula racing vehicle.
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Grundling, J. P., und L. Steynberg. „Academic entrepreneurship: Challenges facing South Africa“. In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268488241.
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Academic entrepreneurship in general implies ipso facto the involvement of academic staff in commercial activities in a system that builds on university-industry relations. In this relationship it is expected from industry to acquire knowledge from institutions of higher education and to utilize this knowledge in the innovation process. On the other hand, academic entrepreneurship also occurs within the national boundaries of a specific country possessing a distinct history and culture. In the case of South Africa, the entrepreneurial culture was build over more than three centuries, 1652 to 1994, on an institutionalized political system of racial segregation. True democracy was only achieved in April 1994 when South Africans saw the first-ever democratic vote and election in South Africa. This paper intends to analyze and evaluate the challenges of academic entrepreneurship for institutions of higher education in South Africa following a historical and survey research design approach. The results revealed that higher education institutions in South Africa, despite remarkable achievements, are still struggling to comply with the demands of the knowledge economy and in the enhancement of academic entrepreneurship.
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Mar, Manuel, und Eric Dietz. „A Qualitative Review of Full Sized Autonomous Racing Vehicle Sensors: A Case Study“. In 10th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012634800003702.
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Monteiro, Carlos, Moisés Brito und Diana Filipa da Conceição Vieira. „Numerical Iterative Analysis of Drag Reduction System for a Racing Car Rear Wing“. In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5079.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In Formula Student competitions, the active adaptation of the aerodynamic components to the current race track conditions can significantly enhance the overall dynamic performance of the car. Due to the abundant low-speed corners, angles of attack of fixed aerodynamic components are usually exaggerated, preventing the car from achieving higher acceleration capabilities due to induced drag. This issue can be tackled by introducing an active drag reduction system (DRS). In this work, a strategy for performing iterative numerical simulations is proposed, with the goal of obtaining a range of different configurations suitable for certain track conditions. Specifically, the case of lowest drag is exploited.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Different macros were developed to couple the utilization of computational fluid dynamics tools for aerodynamic analysis with an extensive iterative process with minimal user interference. An initial mesh refinement study was conducted. Afterward, angles of attack and centers of rotation of the two most rear flaps are iterated. The lowest-drag configuration was found to be at <i>α</i><sub><i>flap</i><sub>1</sub></sub> = 0° and <i>α</i><sub><i>flap</i><sub>2</sub></sub> = −6 ° , the latter mostly due to its aerodynamic interaction with the rest of the system. Results show that the angle of attack of flap 2 had the most influence on the overall forces, while varying the centers of rotation had a weaker impact. Nevertheless, combining the investigation of the angles of the attack with the center of rotation yields optimal DRS configuration with the minimum drag. Within one loop of the proposed strategy, a reduction of up to 94<i>.</i>5% in rear-wing drag was found. The strategy proposed can be looped until a configuration is obtained for specific optimization targets, such as drag reduction.</div></div>
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Balze, Rémy, Hervé Devaux und Louis Jézéquel. „Study of a Hydroelastic Instability Phenomenon: Flutter of Racing Yacht Keels“. In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82556.
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In the field of aeroelasticity, flutter is a well known instability phenomenon. Flutter is a synchronized vibration which takes place in a flexible structure moving through a fluid medium. It occurs when two regular, rhythmic motions coincide in such a way that one feeds the other, drawing additional energy from surrounding flow. A classic case of wing flutter might combine wing bending with either wing twisting. This article explores the flutter phenomenon in water. An important difference from the flutter phenomenon in air is the fact that the flexible structure is evolving in heavy fluid; this implies in particular added mass effects and important fluid damping. Flutter appeared for the first time on racing yacht keels with composite fins, so in water, in 2004: • On the IMOCA 60 feet boat POUJOULAT-ARMORLUX of Bernard STAMM during the transatlantic race ‘The Transat’: he lost his keel and capsized. • On the IMOCA 60 feet boat SILL Rolland JOURDAIN: the keel and the boat were saved. Following these problems — particularly following the loss of the keel of Bernard STAMM sailboat, accident that could have dramatic consequences for the skipper — HDS company focused on the phenomenon. Flutter has occurred only for canting keels with composite fins on IMOCA 60 feet and Volvo 70 feet racing yacht. The main questions asked are “Why are composite keels susceptible to flutter, and is it possible to predict and prevent this behaviour?”, then “Can a fair indication of the flutter critical speed of the keel be given at low cost?”. This presentation will introduce the strategy of HDS faced to the problem and the analytical and numerical methods implemented to estimate the flutter critical speed. Our model is based on a truncated modal basis for the most energetic modes which are generally, for a bulb keel, the lateral bending predominant mode and the torsion predominant mode. One of our requirements was to make a simple model in order to integrate the calculation of the flutter critical speed in the first design loops of a composite or steel keel. This model has worked well for the two cases of flutter appeared on IMOCA sailboat keels. Besides, to verify the quality of the model and to complete our analysis of flutter phenomenon on racing yacht keels, a 3 dimensional multi-physics simulation has been developed using the software ADINA.
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DOMLESKY, ANYA. „Infrastructure Corridors: Leveraging Linear Systems for Public Life“. In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.33.
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The community benefits of public open space were made ever more apparent during lockdowns in U.S. cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parks and open streets became outdoor living rooms, birthday party venues, protest sites, meeting places, date spots, restaurants, and safe group gathering locations. Their function as necessary social infrastructure in the sense that sociologist Eric Klinenberg has defined it, became visible daily. At the same time a racial reckoning and climate emergency pressed for action while municipal budgets strained to meet basic needs. We know public space provision is key to democratic life for both dissent and community building. We also know we need to densify cities and make urban spaces livable and desirable if we want to reduce climate impacts and individual carbon footprints. Developing linear parks and open space systems that take advantage of existing infrastructure corridors is one promising option to meet these goals. These spaces utilize infill sites either by reuse or co-use of transportation infrastructure and due to their long form, have lots of edge which provides access to a greater number of people than a traditional parcel. And also, like all parks, they have the capacity to mitigate adverse urban impacts like heat, noise, and flooding. Our practice- based research group has studied four infrastructure types that were generated from the dominant transportation infra- structures of past waves of economic activity: port, river, rail, and road. Looking at over 400 precedent projects across the globe, we have distilled out five main strategies that inform the design, development, and use of these corridors and their associated storage areas. Contextualizing urban design and open space projects through the lens of their originating infrastructural footprint has not been attempted to date. This research paves the way for understanding the catalysts for infrastructure reuse or co-use, the unique benefits of linear systems, lessons learned from accompanying development patterns, exclusive funding streams, and political returns of investing in this type of open space. The research has been impactful in making the case for linear parks and systems as high-benefit, lower cost method of open space provision for American metro areas.
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Battistin, D., und M. Ledri. „A Tool for Time Dependent Performance Prediction and Optimization of Sailing Yachts“. In SNAME 18th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2007-007.
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The development of a tool for predicting the dynamic performances of sailing yachts is presented in this paper. After establishing the equations of motion and the coordinate systems, the modeling of the various contributions to forces and moments of such a mechanical system is presented. These contributions are estimated making use of empirical formulas available in literature. Then the development of the graphical user interface is described, which allows a friendly approach to the solution of various problems, like for example the analysis of a tacking or gybing maneuver, or the study of the behavior in gusty wind. Some preliminary results are shown, for the case of a 37’ IMS racing yacht. They describe validation tests on steady course and round circle, then a tacking maneuver, and finally straight course sailing in gusty wind. They are compared, when possible, with experimental data. As last example, the tool is used in the context of a more sophisticated application, where it is embedded within an automatic optimization loop, aimed at finding the best rudder history during a tack. It is demonstrated how the optimization gives a significant result in terms of boat performance.
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Fluck, Manuel, Alexander Wright, Dale Morris, Martyn Prince und Jeremy Elliott. „Progress in Development and Design of DynaRigs for Commercial Ships“. In SNAME 24th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2022-005.
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For most of the past century sailing was (besides very few exceptions) associated with pleasure and racing only. Recently, however, this is changing as the commercial maritime transport sector becomes increasingly interested in direct wind propulsion systems. The reasons are obvious: increasing fuel cost (direct or though emission penalties) and environmental awareness (intrinsic or driven by customer demands). In this paper differences between the design requirements in the commercial market and the pleasure or racing yacht industry are discussed and enhancements to the existing design tools relevant for commercial studies are presented. Sailing yacht studies have repeatedly shown how important it is to design and optimize the aero and the hydro aspects of the vessel in synchrony. This is equally or even more important for commercial ships, where part of the thrust might still come from the engine. Thus, the engine together with economic objectives of the shipping operations enter into the design space. With DynaRigs already having proved highly successful in the pleasure yacht market and possessing key features which are attractive for the commercial shipping, it serves as a good case-study. A few select results are first presented when analyzing the aerodynamic design space alone. Detailed results from several performance analyses via our Performance Prediction Program (PPP) are then discussed as well as some outcomes from the structural analysis to show the importance of combined aero, structure, hydro, and potentially engine as well as economic design decisions. The paper concludes with an outlook on future work.