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Thematische Bibliographien / Quantification of inclusions / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Quantification of inclusions“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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1

Yazdanbakhsh, Ardavan, Zachary Grasley, Bryan Tyson und Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub. „Dispersion quantification of inclusions in composites“. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 42, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.10.005.

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2

Prakash, Pattan, V. D. Mytri und P. S. Hiremath. „Fuzzy Rule Based Classification and Quantification of Graphite Inclusions from Microstructure Images of Cast Iron“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, Nr. 6 (07.11.2011): 896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611011986.

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AbstractThe quantification of three classes of graphite inclusions in cast iron, namely, nodular, flake, and irregular, is the most important process in the foundry industry. This classification is based on the ISO 945 proposed morphology of graphite inclusions. This work presents a novel solution for automatic quantitative analysis of graphite inclusions into the three mentioned classes. The proposed work comprises three stages, namely, preprocessing of micrographs, classification of graphite inclusions, and then quantification of inclusions in each class. An effort has been made in this work to propose a minimum set of features to represent graphite inclusion morphology. The method employs just two geometric shape descriptors: the diameter ratio and the area ratio. A fuzzy rule based classifier is built using known feature values that are efficient in the classification of the three classes of graphite inclusions. The proposed method is automatic, fast, and provides the basis for determining many more morphological parameters that can be determined with the least effort. The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the manual method. It is observed that the results obtained from the proposed method are useful in the optimization of cast iron manufacturing in the foundry industry.

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3

Chu, Haixia, Guoxiang Chi und Chunji Xue. „Quantification of Solute Composition in H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 Solutions Using Cryogenic 2D Raman Mapping“. Minerals 10, Nr. 11 (23.11.2020): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10111043.

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Various analytical techniques have been developed to determine the solution composition of fluid inclusions, including destructive, non-destructive, single-inclusion, and bulk-inclusion methods. Cryogenic Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive and single-inclusion method, has emerged as a potentially powerful tool of quantitative analysis of fluid inclusion composition. A method of point analysis using cryogenic Raman spectroscopy has been previously proposed to quantitatively estimate the solute composition of H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 solutions, but there are uncertainties related to heterogeneity of frozen fluid inclusions and potential bias in the processing of Raman spectra. A new method of quantitative analysis of solute composition of H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 solutions using Raman mapping technology is proposed in this study, which can overcome the problems encountered in the point analysis. It is shown that the NaCl/(NaCl + CaCl2) molar ratio of the solution, X(NaCl, m), can be related to the area fraction of hydrohalite over hydrohalite plus antarcticite, Fhydrohalite, by the equation X(NaCl, m) = 1.1435 Fhydrohalite − 0.0884, where Fhydrohalite = hydrohalite area/(hydrohalite area + antarcticite area). This equation suggests that the molar fraction of a salt component may be estimated from the fraction of the Raman peak area of the relevant hydrate. This study has established a new way of estimating solute composition of fluid inclusions using cryogenic Raman mapping technique, which may be extended to other solutions.

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4

Merlet, Claude. „Quantification of Nano-inclusions by EPMA Using Conventional Accelerating Voltages“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 1439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615007977.

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5

Fusswinkel, Tobias, Christopher Giehl, Oliver Beermann, Johan R. Fredriksson, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Lea Scholten und Thomas Wagner. „Combined LA-ICP-MS microanalysis of iodine, bromine and chlorine in fluid inclusions“. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, Nr. 5 (2018): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00415j.

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6

D'Andrea, Cosimo, Lorenzo Spinelli, Daniela Comelli, Gianluca Valentini und Rinaldo Cubeddu. „Localization and quantification of fluorescent inclusions embedded in a turbid medium“. Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, Nr. 10 (05.05.2005): 2313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/10/009.

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7

Rickers, Karen, Rainer Thomas und Wilhelm Heinrich. „Trace-element analysis of individual synthetic and natural fluid inclusions with synchrotron radiation XRF using Monte Carlo simulations for quantification“. European Journal of Mineralogy 16, Nr. 1 (23.02.2004): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0023.

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8

Orive-Miguel, David, Lionel Hervé, Laurent Condat und Jérôme Mars. „Improving Localization of Deep Inclusions in Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 24 (12.12.2019): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245468.

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Time-resolved diffuse optical tomography is a technique used to recover the optical properties of an unknown diffusive medium by solving an ill-posed inverse problem. In time-domain, reconstructions based on datatypes are used for their computational efficiency. In practice, most used datatypes are temporal windows and Fourier transform. Nevertheless, neither theoretical nor numerical studies assessing different datatypes have been clearly expressed. In this paper, we propose an overview and a new process to compute efficiently a long set of temporal windows in order to perform diffuse optical tomography. We did a theoretical comparison of these large set of temporal windows. We also did simulations in a reflectance geometry with a spherical inclusion at different depths. The results are presented in terms of inclusion localization and its absorption coefficient recovery. We show that (1) the new windows computed with the developed method improve inclusion localization for inclusions at deep layers, (2) inclusion absorption quantification is improved at all depths and, (3) in some cases these windows can be equivalent to frequency based reconstruction at GHz order.

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Schlöglova, Katerina, Markus Wälle und Christoph A. Heinrich. „LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions: contamination effects challenging micro-analysis of elements close to their detection limit“. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, Nr. 5 (2017): 1052–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00022g.

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This paper presents a practical guide to an optimized analytical procedure for the reliable quantification of trace element concentrations in fluid inclusions hosted by natural minerals, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

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Kliman, Harvey J., Morgan R. Firestein, Katherine M. Hofmann, Kristin M. Milano, Parker H. Holzer, Lucy T. Brink, Hein J. Odendaal und William P. Fifer. „Trophoblast inclusions in the human placenta: Identification, characterization, quantification, and interrelations of subtypes“. Placenta 103 (Januar 2021): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.014.

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11

Gauvin, Raynald, Pierre Hovington und Dominique Drouin. „Quantification of spherical inclusions in the scanning electron microscope using Monte Carlo simulations“. Scanning 17, Nr. 4 (07.12.2006): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950170401.

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12

Cauzid, J., P. Philippot, A. Somogyi, B. Ménez, A. Simionovici und P. Bleuet. „Standardless quantification of single fluid inclusions using synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence“. Chemical Geology 227, Nr. 3-4 (April 2006): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.012.

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13

Borisova, Anastassia Y., Stefano Salvi, German Velasquez, Guillaume Estrade, Aurelia Colin und Sophie Gouy. „Quantification of major and trace elements in fluid inclusions and gas bubbles by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with no internal standard: a new method“. European Journal of Mineralogy 33, Nr. 3 (02.06.2021): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-305-2021.

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Abstract. Recent advances in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) open new perspectives for quantification of trace metals and metalloids in mineral-hosted fluid inclusions and glass-hosted gas bubbles. This work is devoted to a new method applied to quantify element concentrations (at parts-per-million and weight percent levels) in natural and synthetic fluid inclusions and gas bubbles by using only an external calibrator in cases where internal standardization is unavailable. For example, this method can be applied to calculate element (metal and metalloid) concentrations in carbonic (C–O–H) fluid inclusions and bubbles. The method is devoted to measuring incompatible (with the host mineral and glass) trace elements originally dissolved into the trapped fluid. The method requires precise estimation of the fluid density, the inclusion/bubble volume or average radius, and measurement of the laser ablation crater radius by independent microanalytical techniques as well as accurate data on the concentration of major/minor elements compatible with the host mineral (or host glass). This method, applicable for analyses of hydrous carbonic fluid inclusions and gas bubbles hosted in silicate minerals and glasses, relies on the absence of a matrix effect between fluid, host mineral and daughter phases (silicate, oxide or sulfide) and the external calibrator (e.g., reference silicate glasses) during the LA-ICP-MS analysis, an assumption validated by the use of femtosecond lasers.

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Revol, Bruno, Anne Thiebaut-Bertrand, Martin Carré, Claude-Eric Bulabois, Pascal Mossuz und Julie Mondet. „Quantification of Howell-Jolly body-like inclusions in ganciclovir toxicity using CellaVision DM96 analyser“. British Journal of Haematology 174, Nr. 4 (12.10.2015): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13784.

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15

Debayle, Johan. „Geometrical and morphometrical tools for the inclusion analysis of metallic alloys“. Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, Nr. 5 (2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019011.

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The mechanical and use properties of metal alloys depend on several factors, including the amount and the geometry of impurities (inclusions). In this context, image analysis enables these inclusions to be studied from digital images acquired by various systems such as optical/electron microscopy or X-ray tomography. This paper therefore aims to present some geometrical and morphometrical tools of image analysis, in order to characterize inclusions in metal alloys. To achieve this quantification, many geometrical and morphometrical features are traditionally used to quantitatively describe a population of objects (inclusions). Integral geometry, via Minkowski’s functionals (in 2D: area, perimeter, Euler-Poincaré number), has been particularly investigated in image analysis. Nevertheless, they are sometimes insufficient for the characterization of complex microstructures (such as aggregates/agglomerates of objects). Other quantitative parameters are then necessary in order to discriminate or group different families of objects. In particular, shape diagrams are mathematical representations in the Euclidean plane for studying the morphology (shape) of objects, regardless of their size. In addition, this representation also makes it possible to analyze the evolution from one shape to another. In conclusion, image analysis using integral geometry and shape diagrams provide efficient tools with known mathematical properties to quantitatively describe inclusions (providing separate information on size and shape). The geometrical characteristics of these inclusions could thereafter be related to the mechanical properties of the metal alloys.

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ABEL, ANDREAS. „Polarised subtyping for sized types“. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 18, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 797–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129508006853.

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We present an algorithm for deciding polarised higher-order subtyping without bounded quantification. Constructors are identified not only modulo β, but also η. We give a direct proof of completeness, without constructing a model or establishing a strong normalisation theorem. Inductive and coinductive types are enriched with a notion of size and the subtyping calculus is extended to account for the inclusions arising between the sized types.

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Huneau, Bertrand, Isaure Masquelier, Yann Marco, Vincent Le Saux, Simon Noizet, Clémentine Schiel und Pierre Charrier. „FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION IN A CARBON BLACK–FILLED NATURAL RUBBER“. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 89, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.15.84809.

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ABSTRACT A detailed study of the initiation of fatigue cracks in carbon black–filled natural rubber is conducted. Interrupted fatigue tests are performed and fatigued samples are observed with a scanning electron microscope. This procedure first enables the quantification of the morphology, spatial distribution, and evolution of crack initiation sites for different strain levels, which gives some statistical data for each strain level. It also permits analysis of the chemical nature of inclusions inducing crack initiation thanks to energy dispersive spectrometry of X-rays. It is shown that fatigue damage initially occurs generally on carbon black agglomerates or oxides such as ZnO. However, those two types of inclusions correspond to different crack initiation mechanisms, and most of the time, only the initiations on carbon black agglomerates are followed by crack propagation that leads to failure. This difference is probably because carbon black agglomerates have a stronger cohesion than ZnO inclusions and a stronger adhesion to the matrix.

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Cauzid, J., P. Philippot, A. Somogyi, A. Simionovici und P. Bleuet. „Quantification of Single Fluid Inclusions by Combining Synchrotron Radiation-Induced μ-X-ray Fluorescence and Transmission“. Analytical Chemistry 76, Nr. 14 (Juli 2004): 3988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac035533f.

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19

Halter, Werner E., Thomas Pettke, Christoph A. Heinrich und Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. „Major to trace element analysis of melt inclusions by laser-ablation ICP-MS: methods of quantification“. Chemical Geology 183, Nr. 1-4 (März 2002): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(01)00372-2.

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20

Albrecht, Moritz, Insa Theresa Derrey, Ingo Horn, Stephan Schuth und Stefan Weyer. „Quantification of trace element contents in frozen fluid inclusions by UV-fs-LA-ICP-MS analysis“. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, Nr. 6 (2014): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00015c.

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21

Qiu, Ye, Yuanxian Yang, Xiaolin Wang, Ye Wan, Wenxuan Hu, Jianjun Lu, Guoliang Tao, Zhen Li und Fanwei Meng. „In situ Raman spectroscopic quantification of aqueous sulfate: Experimental calibration and application to natural fluid inclusions“. Chemical Geology 533 (Februar 2020): 119447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119447.

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22

Boué-Bigne, F. „Analysis of Oxide Inclusions in Steel by Fast Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Scanning: An Approach to Quantification“. Applied Spectroscopy 61, Nr. 3 (März 2007): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370207780220895.

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23

Rottier, B., und A. Audétat. „In-situ quantification of chlorine and sulfur in glasses, minerals and melt inclusions by LA-ICP-MS“. Chemical Geology 504 (Januar 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.11.012.

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24

Qiu, Ye, Xiao-Lin Wang, Xian Liu, Jian Cao, Yi-Feng Liu, Bin-Bin Xi und Wan-Lu Gao. „In situ Raman spectroscopic quantification of CH4–CO2 mixture: application to fluid inclusions hosted in quartz veins from the Longmaxi Formation shales in Sichuan Basin, southwestern China“. Petroleum Science 17, Nr. 1 (06.12.2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-019-00395-z.

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AbstractWe re-evaluate the Raman spectroscopic quantification of the molar ratio and pressure for CH4–CO2 mixtures. Firstly, the Raman quantification factors of CH4 and CO2 increase with rising pressure at room temperature, indicating that Raman quantification of CH4/CO2 molar ratio can be applied to those fluid inclusions (FIs) with high internal pressure (i.e., > 15 MPa). Secondly, the v1(CH4) peak position shifts to lower wavenumber with increasing pressure at constant temperature, confirming that the v1(CH4) peak position can be used to calculate the fluid pressure. However, this method should be carefully calibrated before applying to FI analyses because large discrepancies exist among the reported v1(CH4)-P curves, especially in the high-pressure range. These calibrations are applied to CH4-rich FIs in quartz veins of the Silurian Longmaxi black shales in southern Sichuan Basin. The vapor phases of these FIs are mainly composed of CH4 and minor CO2, with CO2 molar fractions from 4.4% to 7.4%. The pressure of single-phase gas FI ranges from 103.65 to 128.35 MPa at room temperature, which is higher than previously reported. Thermodynamic calculations supported the presence of extremely high-pressure CH4-saturated fluid (218.03–256.82 MPa at 200 °C), which may be responsible for the expulsion of CH4 to adjacent reservoirs.

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Morizet, Yann, Emanuela Gennaro, Sébastien Jego, Zoltan Zajacz, Giada Iacono-Marziano, Michel Pichavant, Ida Di Carlo, Clément Ferraina und Priscille Lesne. „A Raman calibration for the quantification of SO42−groups dissolved in silicate glasses: Application to natural melt inclusions“. American Mineralogist 102, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2017): 2065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6100.

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Zajacz, Zoltán, und Werner Halter. „LA-ICPMS analyses of silicate melt inclusions in co-precipitated minerals: Quantification, data analysis and mineral/melt partitioning“. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, Nr. 4 (Februar 2007): 1021–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.001.

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27

Facioni, Maria Sole, Simona Dominici, Francesca Marescotti, Rosanna Covucci, Isabella Taglieri, Francesca Venturi und Angela Zinnai. „Lactose Residual Content in PDO Cheeses: Novel Inclusions for Consumers with Lactose Intolerance“. Foods 10, Nr. 9 (21.09.2021): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092236.

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Lactose intolerance (LI) is the symptomatic condition that characterizes subjects unable to digest lactose. The main solution consists of reducing or eliminating lactose from one’s diet, and so dairy products, particularly cheeses, are often the first foods excluded. The purpose of this study is to contribute to this topic by creating an updated list of naturally lactose-free (NLF) cheeses. Twenty-five PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) cheeses were selected and analyzed to determine their lactose content. At the same time, interviews with the PDO quality control consortia were carried out to understand which parameters are involved in lactose reduction, based on the cheeses’ product specifications. The analytical techniques used here for lactose determination are the most sensitive (HPAEC-PAD and LC/MS-MS), given their low limit of quantification (LOQ) of less than 10 mg/kg. The majority of selected PDO cheeses resulted in a lactose content less than the LOQ. Because of the high variability allowed in PDO cheeses’ operative conditions, it would be better to case-by-case examine the PDO cheese specification and declare the product as NLF after repeated analysis. The results of the chemical determination of this research allowed to draw up a very useful list of PDO cheeses for both consumers and nutritionists that could be identified as NLF.

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Marek, George, Amy Collinsworth, Chen Liu, Mark Brantly und Virginia Clark. „Quantitative measurement of the histological features of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease in biopsy specimens“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (16.08.2021): e0256117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256117.

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Background Pathological mutations in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) protein cause retention of toxic polymers in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum. The risk for cirrhosis in AAT deficiency is likely directly related to retention of these polymers within the liver. Polymers are classically identified on liver biopsy as inclusion bodies by periodic acid schiff staining after diastase treatment and immunohistochemistry. However, characterization of the polymer burden within a biopsy sample is limited to a semi-quantitative scale as described by a pathologist. Better methods to quantify polymer are needed to advance our understanding of pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, we developed a method to quantify polymer aggregation from standard histologic specimens. In addition, we sought to understand the relationship of polymer burden and other histologic findings to the presence of liver fibrosis. Methods Liver samples from a well-categorized AATD cohort were used to develop histo-morphometric tools to measure protein aggregation. Results Whole-slide morphometry reliably quantifies aggregates in AATD individuals. Despite very low levels of inclusions present (0–0.41%), accumulation of globules is not linear and is associated with higher fibrosis stages. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that fibrosis is associated with polymer accumulation and not total AAT. A proportion of patients were found to be “heavy accumulators” with a polymer burden above the upper 25% of normal distribution. Males had significantly more liver inclusions and polymer than females. These measurements also highlight interrelated phenotypes of hepatocellular degeneration and autophagy in AATD liver disease. Conclusion Quantitative inclusion analysis measures AAT accumulation in liver biopsy specimens. Quantification of polymer may identify individuals at risk for progressive disease and candidates for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, these methods may be useful for evaluating efficacy of drugs targeting accumulation of AAT.

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Caja, M. A., A. Permanyer, J. Kihle, I. A. Munz und H. Johansen. „Fluorescence quantification of oil fluid inclusions and oil shows: Implications for oil migration (Armàncies Fm, South-eastern Pyrenees, Spain)“. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 101, Nr. 1 (April 2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.11.053.

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Borisova, A. Y., R. Thomas, S. Salvi, F. Candaudap, A. Lanzanova und J. Chmeleff. „Tin and associated metal and metalloid geochemistry by femtosecond LA-ICP-QMS microanalysis of pegmatite–leucogranite melt and fluid inclusions: new evidence for melt–melt–fluid immiscibility“. Mineralogical Magazine 76, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.1.91.

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AbstractGranitic pegmatites are exceptional igneous rocks and the possible role of an immiscibility process in their origin is strongly debated. To investigate metal and metalloid behaviour in hydrous peraluminous systems (aluminium saturation index, ASI >1), we analysed 15 quartz-hosted primary melt and fluid inclusions from pegmatites in the Ehrenfriedersdorf Complex (Erzgebirge, Germany) and 26 primary melt inclusions from leucogranites of the Ehrenfriedersdorf district (Germany), Kymi (Finland) and Erongo (Namibia) by femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results presented here for 32 elements provide evidence for metal and metalloid fractionation between two types of immiscible melts (A and B) and NaCl – HCl-rich brine in the pegmatite system. No evidence for the boundary layer effect was observed in the 40 – 500 μm size melt inclusions that were investigated. The data on the Ehrenfriedersdorf pegmatites allow quantification of the metal and metalloid partitioning between natural NaCl-rich brine and the two types of melt (e.g. KAsbrine/type-A,B melts = 0.01 – 1.7; KSbbrine/type-A,B melts = 10 – 285; KZnbrine/type-A,B melts ≥ 50; KPbbrine/type-A melt ≥ 50; KAgbrine/type-A melt = 46). These data are in accord with existing natural and experimental data on equilibrium fluid – melt partitioning as well as spectroscopic data on the metal and metalloid complexation in hydrous aluminosilicate melts and NaCl – HCl-rich fluids.

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Morris, Robert A., Daniel Butts und Gregory B. Thompson. „Quantification of Oxide Inclusions and Porosity Structure in a Tantalum Carbide Microstructure Fabricated From Carbothermal Reduced Tantalum Oxide Precursor Powders“. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 9, Nr. 2 (März 2012): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02670.x.

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Maire, Éric, J. C. Grenier und L. Babout. „Damage Investigation in Aluminium Alloys by X Ray Tomography“. Materials Science Forum 519-521 (Juli 2006): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.821.

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X-ray tomography allows the microstruture of aluminum alloys to be imaged non destructively in three dimensions (3D). This paper shows different examples of the use of this technique for the quantification of damage in model and industrial Al based materials. The model materials are used to setup the technique. The spherical shape of their inclusions makes it easy to compare the measurements with the prediction of standard model for damage. The industrial materials are characterized during in situ tensile but also ex situ bulging and plane strain tension tests. The respective contribution of initiation and growth of damage is measured separately and discussed. The 3D data are also used to quantify the anisotropy of the effect of damage.

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Kumar, Shailendra, und Bhagat Singh. „Quantification of tool chatter and metal removal rate using wavelet denoising and statistical approach“. Noise & Vibration Worldwide 49, Nr. 2 (Februar 2018): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456518763159.

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Tool chatter is an unavoidable phenomenon encountered in machining processes. Acquired raw chatter signals are contaminated with various types of ambient noises. Signal processing is an efficient technique to explore chatter as it eliminates unwanted background noise present in the raw signal. In this study, experimentally recorded raw chatter signals have been denoised using wavelet transform in order to eliminate the unwanted noise inclusions. Moreover, effect of machining parameters such as depth of cut ( d), feed rate ( f) and spindle speed ( N) on chatter severity and metal removal rate has been ascertained experimentally. Furthermore, in order to quantify the chatter severity, a new parameter called chatter index has been evaluated considering aforesaid denoised signals. A set of 15 experimental runs have been performed using Box–Behnken design of experiment. These experimental observations have been used to develop mathematical models for chatter index and metal removal rate considering response surface methodology. In order to check the statistical significance of control parameters, analysis of variance has been performed. Furthermore, more experiments are conducted and these results are compared with the theoretical ones in order to validate the developed response surface methodology model.

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Morizet, Y., M. Paris, F. Gaillard und B. Scaillet. „Raman quantification factor calibration for CO–CO2 gas mixture in synthetic fluid inclusions: Application to oxygen fugacity calculation in magmatic systems“. Chemical Geology 264, Nr. 1-4 (Juni 2009): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.014.

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Bizjak, Aleš, und Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg. „Denotational semantics for guarded dependent type theory“. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 30, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 342–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129520000080.

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AbstractWe present a new model of guarded dependent type theory (GDTT), a type theory with guarded recursion and multiple clocks in which one can program with and reason about coinductive types. Productivity of recursively defined coinductive programs and proofs is encoded in types using guarded recursion and can therefore be checked modularly, unlike the syntactic checks implemented in modern proof assistants. The model is based on a category of covariant presheaves over a category of time objects, and quantification over clocks is modelled using a presheaf of clocks. To model the clock irrelevance axiom, crucial for programming with coinductive types, types must be interpreted as presheaves internally right orthogonal to the object of clocks. In the case of dependent types, this translates to a lifting condition similar to the one found in homotopy theoretic models of type theory, but here with an additional requirement of uniqueness of lifts. Since the universes defined by the standard Hofmann–Streicher construction in this model do not satisfy this property, the universes in GDTT must be indexed by contexts of clock variables. We show how to model these universes in such a way that inclusions of clock contexts give rise to inclusions of universes commuting with type operations on the nose.

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Schlegel, Tobias U., Markus Wälle, Mathew Steele-MacInnis und Christoph A. Heinrich. „Accurate and precise quantification of major and trace element compositions of calcic–sodic fluid inclusions by combined microthermometry and LA-ICPMS analysis“. Chemical Geology 334 (Dezember 2012): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.001.

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Hammerli, Johannes, Brian Rusk, Carl Spandler, Poul Emsbo und Nicholas H. S. Oliver. „In situ quantification of Br and Cl in minerals and fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS: A powerful tool to identify fluid sources“. Chemical Geology 337-338 (Januar 2013): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.002.

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38

Füri, Evelyn, Maxim Portnyagin, Nikita Mironov, Cécile Deligny, Andrey Gurenko, Roman Botcharnikov und François Holtz. „In situ quantification of the nitrogen content of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Klyuchevskoy volcano (Kamchatka): Implications for nitrogen recycling at subduction zones“. Chemical Geology 582 (November 2021): 120456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120456.

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Pettke, Thomas, Felix Oberli, Andreas Audétat, Uwe Wiechert, Caroline R. Harris und Christoph A. Heinrich. „Quantification of transient signals in multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: accurate lead isotope ratio determination by laser ablation of individual fluid inclusions“. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 26, Nr. 3 (2011): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ja00140f.

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40

Lassau, Nathalie, Valérie Vilgrain, Sophie Taieb, Joëlle Lacroix, Richard Aziza, Marie Cuinet, Jean-Charles Soria, Louis Chapotot und Serge Koscielny. „Evaluation with DCE-US of antiangiogenic treatments in 539 patients allowing the selection of one surrogate marker correlated to overall survival.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2012): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.4618.

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4618 Background: A prospective study of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) with quantification for the evaluation of antiangiogenic treatments was launched (19 centers), supported by the French National Cancer Institute. The objectives were the diffusion of the standardized method, a cost evaluation and the identification of perfusion parameters predicting tumor response. Methods: All patients had DCE-US at baseline, D7, D14, D30, D60 and every two months. Each examination included a bolus injection of sonovue (Bracco) and 3 minutes of raw linear data with an Aplio (Toshiba). Raw data were analyzed with a mathematical model (patent PCT/IB2006/003742) to evaluate 7 parameters characterizing the tumor perfusion curve. Response to treatment was evaluated every 2 months with RECIST criteria. In order to have sufficient follow-up data, the statistical analysis has to be performed more than 6 months after the inclusion of the last analyzed patient. Inclusions were closed in March 2010. Results: A total of 539 patients have been included (mainly RCC (157) and HCC (107)); more than 2 000 DCE-US and 1700 CT-scan were performed. A follow-up more than 12 months showed that 3 parameters have a strong significant difference (p<0.0003) according to the response at 6 months. The decrease of more than 40% of AUC at one month is correlated to the TTP (p< 001) and OS (p< 0.04). Conclusions: Final results confirm the usefulness of this tool to monitor anti-angiogenic treatments. The criteria: the decrease of more than 40% of AUC at one month is predictive of response.

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Kuboň, Zdeněk, Jana Kosňovská und Gabriela Rožnovská. „Evaluation of Cavitation Damage in a Pipe Bend Made of 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.3V Steel by Optical Metallography and Replica Method“. Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.300.

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Prolongation of the service life of key components of fossil-fuelled power plants beyond their original design limit must be accompanied by thorough and extensive monitoring of the actual material state and particularly creep damage. The extent of cavitation is nowadays routinely tested in-situ by using replica method and its quantification is based on practices stated in VGB-TW 507, NORDTEST NT TR 302 derived from the original Neubauer's classification of cavitation damage. Evaluation of cavitation damage based on the measurement of the number of cavities and/or creep micro-cracks has become a routine activity, but in cases when steel contains large amount of non-metallic inclusions, they can be wrongly identified as cavities and to invalidate the result of calculation of cavitation damage. Comparative analysis of cavitation damage was performed in a pipe bend and its weldment made of a low-alloy 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.3V steel creep exposed at 540 °C for more than 225,000 hours by using OM (SEM) and replica method and revealed the comparative extent of cavitation damage decreasing from the outer to inner surface of the pipe wall.

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Seitz, Jeffery C., Jill D. Pasteris und George B. Morgan. „Quantitative Analysis of Mixed Volatile Fluids by Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy: A Cautionary Note on Spectral Resolution and Peak Shape“. Applied Spectroscopy 47, Nr. 6 (Juni 1993): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067045.

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Raman analyses of fluid inclusions can yield quantitative information on composition (from peak areas and heights) and density (from peak position and width). In this study, we examine the effect of instrumental spectral resolution on the ratios of these spectral parameters, and the selection of appropriate integration limits for the determination of peak areas in the CO2-CH4-N2 system. Spectral resolution was varied from about 1 to 9 cm−1 by co-varying the widths of all spectrometer slits. Changes in resolution produced a modest effect on peak-area ratios and a significant effect on peak-height ratios. Measured peak-width ratios varied strongly as a function of the spectral resolution. In addition, we observed a moderate shift in the measured peak position of N2, which can be related to the asymmetry of the band. These results indicate that accurate analysis requires careful attention to the selection of quantification factors, especially if the selected values were derived from studies at different spectral resolutions. Another factor that can have a significant effect on the calculated compositions of CH4- and H2-bearing fluid mixtures is the band broadening that occurs with increasing pressure.

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Sobih, Mohamed, Zuhair Elseddig, Khalid Almazy und Mohamed Sallam. „Experimental Evaluation and Characterization of Electron Beam Welding of 2219 AL-Alloy“. Indian Journal of Materials Science 2016 (15.08.2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5671532.

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Aiming to reduce the weight of components, thus allowing a profit in terms of energy saving, automotive industry as well as aircraft industry extensively uses aluminum alloys. The most widely used joining technology in aircraft industry is riveting, while welding seems to be used in the car industry in the case of aluminum alloys. However, welding technology is characterized by many defects, such as gas porosity; oxide inclusions; solidification cracking (hot tearing); and reduced strength in both the weld and the heat affected zones which could limit its development. Many techniques are used for aluminum alloys welding, among them is electron beam welding (EBW), which has unique advantages over other traditional fusion welding methods due to high-energy density, deep penetration, large depth-to-width ratio, and small heat affected zone. The welding parameters that yield to optimal weld joint have been previously obtained. These optimal parameters were validated by welding a specimen using these parameters. To evaluate this optimal weld joint, complete, microstructural observations and characterization have been carried out using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. This evaluation leads to description and quantification of the solidification process within this weld joint.

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Moy, Aurélien, John H. Fournelle und Anette von der Handt. „Solving the iron quantification problem in low-kV EPMA: An essential step toward improved analytical spatial resolution in electron probe microanalysis—Olivines“. American Mineralogist 104, Nr. 8 (01.08.2019): 1131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6865.

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AbstractThe relatively recent entry of field emission electron microprobes into the field of microanalysis provides another tool for the study of small features of interest (e.g., mineral and melt inclusions, ex-solution lamellae, grain boundary phases, high-pressure experimental charges). However, the critical limitation for accurate quantitative analysis of these submicrometer- to micrometer-sized features is the relationship between electron beam potential and electron scattering within the sample. To achieve submicrometer analytical volumes from which X-rays are generated, the beam accelerating voltage must be reduced from 15–20 to ≤10 kV (often 5 to 7 kV) to reduce the electron interaction volume from ~3 to ~0.5 μm in common geological materials. At these low voltages, critical Kα X-ray lines of transition elements such as Fe are no longer generated, so L X-ray lines must be used. However, applying the necessary matrix corrections to these L lines is complicated by bonding and chemical peak shifts for soft X-ray transitions such as those producing the FeLα X-ray line. It is therefore extremely challenging to produce accurate values for Fe concentration with this approach. Two solutions have been suggested, both with limitations. We introduce here a new, simple, and accurate solution to this problem, using the common mineral olivine as an example. We also introduce, for the first time, olivine results from a new analytical device, the Extended Range Soft X-ray Emission Spectrometer.

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Bakić, Mirjana, Ivan Jovanović, Slađana Ugrenović, Ljiljana Vasović, Miljan Krstić, Natalija Stefanović, Miljana Pavlović und Vladimir Živković. „Parahippocampal corpora amylacea and neuronal lipofuscin in human aging“. Open Medicine 8, Nr. 6 (01.12.2013): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-013-0214-1.

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AbstractThe aim of this research was to quantify the number of corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons in the parahippocampal region of the brain. Right parahippocampal gyrus specimens of 30 cadavers were used as material for histological and morphometric analyses. A combined Alcian Blue and Periodic Acid-Schiff technique was used for identification and quantification of corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons. Immunohistochemistry was performed using S100 polyclonal, neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of corpora amylacea and other spherical inclusions of the aging brain. Cluster analysis of obtained data showed the presence of three age groups (median age: I = 41.5, II = 68, III = 71.5). The second group was characterized by a significantly higher numerical density of subcortical corpora amylacea and number of lipofuscin-bearing neurons than other two groups. Values of the latter cited parameters in the third group were insignificantly higher than the first younger group. Linear regression showed that number of parahippocampal lipofuscin-bearing neurons significantly predicts numerical density of subcortical corpora amylacea. The above results suggest that more numerous parahippocampal region corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons in some older cases might represent signs of its’ neurons quantitatively-altered metabolism.

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Hlobil, Michal. „Microstructure-Based Evolution of Compressive Strength of Blended Mortars: A Continuum Micromechanics Approach“. Advanced Materials Research 1144 (März 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1144.121.

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The evolution of stiffness and strength belong to the most important properties of mortars. Motivated by an increasing demand for clinker substitution by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), this paper presents a multiscale model for prediction of elastic stiffness and compressive strength of blended mortars. Mortars are envisioned as hierarchically organized materials with microstructural phases spanning several orders of magnitude. On the scale of hundreds of nanometers, "CSH foam" consists of amorphous calcium silicate hydrates mixed with capillary pores which on the scale of hundreds of microns acts as a contiguous matrix reinforced by unhydrated clinker, SCM grains, and by crystalline hydration products forming "cement paste". The largest scale of observation describes mortar as quartz sand aggregate inclusions embedded into a contiguous cement paste matrix. Continuum micromechanics homogenization approach is used to upscale stiffness from calcium silicate hydrates, represented by needle-shaped ellipsoids, up to the scale of mortar. Macroscopic quasi-brittle failure of mortar is associated with a concentration of strain energy density-related microscopic stresses within a critically oriented needle-shaped hydrate in "CSH foam". Successful model validation on OPC-based and blended mortars provides strong evidence that continuum micromechanics is an efficient tool for quantification of stiffness and compressive strength.

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Pondaven, Corentin, Laurent Langlois, Régis Bigot und Damien Chevalier. „FEM-Based Methodology for the Design of Reduced Scale Representative Experimental Testing Allowing the Characterization of Defect Evolution during Hot Rolling of Bars“. Metals 10, Nr. 8 (02.08.2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081035.

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Defects generated during the casting process of steel can be reduced by forming processes such as hot rolling. During these processes the effective strain, the temperature, the stress state and the alternation of the forming direction all influence the defect evolution. Analytical or numerical models are available in the literature to predict the defect evolution. However, experiments have to be carried out to identify the parameters of these models. Thus, the quality of the identification depends on the representativeness of the experiments with respect to the industrial forming process. This paper proposes a methodology to design reduced scale experiments with an improved level of representativeness. This methodology consists first in the identification of the thermomechanical parameters driving the defect evolution and the quantification of these parameters in the industrial process by FEM simulation. These last results are then utilised as criteria for the representative experiment design. In this work the methodology is applied to the rolling of bars. The representative experiment consists of successive forming operations of a cylindrical sample between shaped anvils reproducing the roll shape at a 1:10 scale. A validation is finally achieved by reproducing qualitative results concerning the evolution of voids in the vicinity of hard inclusions.

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Mironov, Nikita, Maxim Portnyagin, Roman Botcharnikov, Andrey Gurenko, Kaj Hoernle und François Holtz. „Quantification of the CO 2 budget and H 2 O–CO 2 systematics in subduction-zone magmas through the experimental hydration of melt inclusions in olivine at high H 2 O pressure“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 425 (September 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.043.

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Iacovino, Kayla, Kim Ju-Song, Thomas Sisson, Jacob Lowenstern, Ri Kuk-Hun, Jang Jong-Nam, Song Kun-Ho et al. „Quantifying gas emissions from the “Millennium Eruption” of Paektu volcano, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea/China“. Science Advances 2, Nr. 11 (November 2016): e1600913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913.

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Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km3dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H2O, CO2, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts.

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Moalla, Salma, Charly Girot, Stéphanie Franchi-Abella, Samy Ammari, Corinne Balleyguier, Nathalie Lassau und Stéphanie Pitre-Champagnat. „Methodological Study to Investigate the Potential of Ultrasound-Based Elastography and Texture as Biomarkers to Monitor Liver Tumors“. Diagnostics 10, Nr. 10 (13.10.2020): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100811.

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Aims and objectives: In order to evaluate the responses of hepatic lesions to treatment in terms of tissue stiffness and heterogeneity, this work investigated the robustness of 2D shear-wave elastography (2D SWE) stiffness measurements and texture analyses in vitro and in vivo in terms of repeatability and variability. Methods and materials: A multioperator (n = 5) study was performed with an ultrasonic elastography device on two sets of phantoms. For the first set of phantoms, 10 measurements for each of the eight inclusions were performed by each observer, whereas the second set of phantoms was used to evaluate the influence of depth on the stiffness measurements. Variability of the stiffness measurements was evaluated in vivo on 10 healthy livers, with 10 measurements for each hepatic segment. Texture analyses were performed in B-mode, obtaining elastography images for every hepatic segment. Results: Stiffness measurements were influenced by depth, particularly when exceeding 7 cm. In vivo measurements demonstrated that measurements of segments I, VII, and VIII were less reliable, mainly due to their deeper locations. The protocols used were more flexible in terms of acquisition setup and probe placement than those currently used with Fibroscan®. For texture analysis on the B-mode images, 12 features showed low variability regardless of the evaluated hepatic segment. On elastogram, only two features showed low variability, but not in every segment. Conclusion: We demonstrated the robustness of two methodologies for the quantification of liver stiffness and heterogeneity. Further clinical studies should evaluate whether these techniques can assess tumor responses to treatment and, therefore, have the potential to be used as imaging biomarkers.

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