Dissertationen zum Thema „Qualité d'air“
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Chicinas, Adriana. „Modélisation, identification et contrôle : application à la commande des centrales de traitement d'air“. La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe air handling unit (AHU) with constant air volume controls the air temperature and humidity. The AHU used in this study is composed of a preheating electric coil, a cooling fluid-filled coil and a steam humidifier. The models of the AHU elements are nonlinear and the controlled variables, temperature and relative humidity, coupled. This paper demonstrates that in the case of sensible heat exchange without moisture removal if the outputs of the electric coils, fluid-filled coils and steam humidifier are considered to be the differences between the air temperature and the humidity ratio of the outlet and the inlet, then the models may be written as the product of a static and a dynamic gain. The parameters of the discrete form of these models are experimentally identified. The dynamics of the elements and of their sensors are very similar. Therefore, in a grey-box approach, the parameter identification of the elements takes into account the model of the sensor, previously identified. Based on the identified models, a new control strategy is proposed. The temperature and the relative humidity are decoupled by using the humidity ratio as controlled variable. A linearization bloc is constructed for the command of the fluid-filled coil and of the humidifier. The proposed strategy has the same performance, comparable with a well tuned PID controller for a given load, but it keeps its performance for the whole range
Gaudin, François. „Formulation et application d'un garnissage réactif dans un biofiltre utilisé en traitement d'air“. Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinard, Antoine. „Perception et confort acoustiques des systèmes de traitement d'air“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouaud, Olivier. „Etudes numériques et expérimentales de dispositifs de protection contre la contamination aéroportée dans les industries alimentaires“. Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoodstuffs manufacture requires increasingly drastic conditions of hygiene. One of the elements which fully contributes to these quality requirements is based on the airborne contamination control. This one is generally carried out thanks to the use of clean rooms which allow, by means of high air change rates, to control the level of dust contamination around the sensitive products. .
Ginestet, Stéphane. „Simulation dynamique des systèmes de climatisation : application aux régulations innovantes de centrales de traitement d'air“. Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvanced management of indoor air quality and energy consumption in HVAC systems required an adapted control and a cheking of the preformances. The physical modelling of the equipments makes it possible a resolution of the problems under a formulation borrowed from the automatism. Based on systemic analysis, a methodology is implemented by means of a graphic software, including finite state machine programming. A strategy of management is thus defined for dessiccant cooling systems. The methods of parameter settings of the continuous regulators are analysed. More relevant are applied in simulation to VAV systems. Using the developed software, the guarantee of the performances of these systems with VAV is quantified:- from the point of view of the implementation of these systems vs constant air flow- by the evaluation of the impact of faults resolution. Results obtained are confronted with an experimetal campain
Mounajed, Redwan. „La modélisation des transferts d'air dans les bâtiments. Application à l'étude de la ventilation“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569454.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuerfala, Nasreddine. „Étude thermo-aéraulique d'une piscine intérieure“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBandaly, Victor. „Etude de la persistance de virus sur les filtres des centrales de traitement d'air : influence des paramètres de procédé et impact sur la santé“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAir pollution is one of the major public health problems of our century and especially of indoor air as we spend about 90% of our time in closed environments. Among pollutants bioaerosols have been poorly studied. However, epidemiological studies have already shown a relationship between bioaerosols and human health. The aim of this PhD work is to learn about respiratory viruses in closed environments via ventilation systems in order to study indoor air quality. At the end of state of the art of air pollutants, it is important to define those present in the air that need to be treated, ventilation systems, filtration processes by fibrous media and the processing methods being able to be implemented. The effects of viral bioaerosols on public health in indoor environments were discussed and drafted in a bibliographic review. The methodology of the study was to assess the fate of respiratory viruses, mengoviruses and adenoviruses, in a miniature experimental system similar to air treatment systems used in closed environments. The experimental system used was validated and the filter performance against viral aerosols was investigated. This study presented originality for the characterization and the fate of two non-enveloped respiratory viruses, mengovirus (RNA) and adenovirus (DNA), in indoor environments and their fate on fiber glass filter. This study showed the ability of viruses to pass through the filter and to remain infectious upstream and downstream the filter. There is scarce literature on this subject, and this project allowed us to add new relevant data on the persistence of respiratory viruses in indoor air and more precisely at the level of filters in air handling units
Koffi, Juslin. „Analyse multicritère des stratégies de ventilation en maisons individuelles“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKanama, Najwa. „Prise en compte de l’environnement urbain sur le choix et le dimensionnement des systèmes de ventilation dans les logements : Impact des transferts de pollution de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur du bâtiment“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo ensure good indoor air quality, ventilation usually dilutes pollutants. However, for buildings located near sources of pollution, filtration and air purification systems is essential to reduce the transfer of pollutants from the outside to the inside, and also constitute an energy transition lever. interesting to the extent that they allow to limit the losses of energy. Thus, this thesis proposes to study how to model the transfers of air from the outside to the inside of a building, taking into account its local external environment, and in particular the meteorology as well as the levels of external pollution, in order to evaluate the ability of different ventilation, filtration and air cleaning systems to ensure healthy indoor air. This PhD thesis will take place in two different types of environments: one is residential buildings, including two studies on single low-energy house and multifamily social retrofit buildings. The second environment studied is renovated school classrooms. The study on a low-energy house allowed to collect performance indicators for indoor air quality by studying diverse pollutants. This study was characterized by a finer spatial and temporal discretization than the majority of studies and continuous measurements for all the parameters studied, which allowed the study of many performance indicators that allow for a better evaluation of health effects and a better understanding of the transfer of pollutants between rooms and with the outdoor. Then, this thesis will be based on an analysis of unprecedented experimental data collected in 69 renovated social housing units located in Lyon near a tunnel and a high traffic motorway and equipped with various ventilation systems and real-time instrumentation. the quality of the indoor air. It will also include school-based measurements, exploratory sensitivity analysis and a numerical study of building-level performance of various ventilation, filtration and air cleaning processes
Boulbair, Amir. „Étude numérique de la remise en suspension de particules déposées sur le sol des ambiances habitables“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main sources of pollution in indoor environments is the resuspension of particles generated by human walking. The objective of this thesis is to study numerically the resuspension generated by the rotation of a shoe. The first part of this thesis presents a literature review of particle pollution knowledge. The different numerical and experimental studies on resuspension generated by human walking are listed. We conclude the first part with a presentation of the different theoretical models to model the flow under a foot. In the second part we present and analyze the different models of resuspension of particles from a surface. In the third part, the airflow generated by the rotation of a shoe was studied numerically using the ANSYS CFX software. The immersed solid method was used to incorporate the shoe into a three-dimensional computational domain. A preliminary study with a large plate was carried out in order to choose the best parameters for our simulations (mesh, turbulence model and convergence test). The k-ω SST model was chosen to simulate the unsteady airflow field around and under the shoe. The effects of walking speed, type of walking, shoe size and shoe groove pattern (transverse grooves, longitudinal grooves and no grooves) were studied. Numerical simulations showed that the air under the foot was ejected as a wall jet. After the shoe touches the ground, counter-rotating vortices were formed around the shoe. In the last part, the particle resuspension fraction was studied using the Rock 'n' Roll model. In addition to the parameters studied in the previous section, three different particle-substrate combinations (ATD-linoleum, PSL-linoleum and alumina-steel) were tested. The particle resuspension results were compared with previous experimental work, and good agreement was found. The results show that for the different cases studied, the resuspension fraction varies over six orders of magnitude, from 10-5 to 10. The particle resuspension fractions increase with the particle size and the walking speed. The type of walking can influence the resuspension fraction by several orders of magnitude. In addition, the resuspension fraction decreases with decreasing shoe size. However, no significant influence of shoe groove patterns was observed
Barros, de Oliveira Diogo Miguel. „Identification of the main sources and geographical origins of PM10 in the northern part of France“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAirborne particles have significant economical, health and environmental impacts at a global scale. Mitigating their emissions to improve ambient air quality demands a deep knowledge on their sources, which can be determined by investigating their chemical composition. The present thesis aims at identifying major PM10 sources and geographical origins at 5 sampling sites (3 urban background, 1 traffic and 1 remote) representative of Northern France, which is frequently submitted to exceedances of limit values as defined by European Directives. The first step of this study included a comprehensive chemical characterization of PM10 filter samples collected every third day at the 5 sites. Organic matter and ammonium nitrate were confirmed as the main PM10 species in the investigated area with some differences according to the site type. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to identify and quantify the contributions of primary sources as well as secondary processes impacting each sampling site. Large contributions of secondary aerosols (mainly grouped as nitrate-, sulfate- and oxalate-rich aerosols) were obtained at all sites, as well as significant traffic and biomass burning. The use of specific tracers like MSA and polyols also proved to be useful to identify marine and continental biogenic aerosols, respectively. Statistical trajectory-based model was applied to PMF outputs to calculate Concentration Field maps and locate emission sources of marine particles, namely fresh and aged sea salts (primarily from the Atlantic Ocean) and marine biogenic aerosols (mainly from the North Sea), as well as continental contributions of nitrate-and sulfate-rich secondary particles
Sauvage, Stéphane. „Origine et comportement des composés hydrocarbonés non méthaniques (HCMN) en zone rurale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-methane hydrocarbons (HCNM) play a key role in atmosphere chemistry as precursors of secondary pollutants formation like ozone or secondary organic aerosols. This works presents the analysis of an important datas et of 46 HCNM measured in three rural sites belonging to the French network (MERA). Statistical tools are used and adapted in order to study the spatial and temporal behaviour ofthese species in rural area. The research approach combined three steps: (1) univariate and bivariate analysis to a spatial and a temporal studies of the concentrations, (2) the used of the source receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) to identity and apport ion the source of HCNM in rural area, (3) the adaptation of the oriented receptor model CF (Concentration Fields) in order to localise the main areas which influence the studied sites. Five common profiles have been identified for the three sites: "residential heating", "vehicle exhaust"; "fuel evaporation", "biogenic", and "remote sources". The relative contributions are in good accordance with the emissions inventory data and with results of other studies. These contributions allowed distinguishing local and remote influences. The ozone formation contributions of the modelled factors show that biogenic sources trend to significantly increase while anthropogenic sources decrease. That may explain that background levels of ozone do not decrease in Europe despite the anthropogenic emission reduction. Large urban areas (South of Germany and North of Italy) have been identitied as potentially at the origin of anthropogenic NMHC measured on the three French sites
Sauvage, Stéphane. „Origine et comportement des composés hydrocarbonés non méthaniques (HCMN) en zone rurale“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10098/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-methane hydrocarbons (HCNM) play a key role in atmosphere chemistry as precursors of secondary pollutants formation like ozone or secondary organic aerosols. This works presents the analysis of an important datas et of 46 HCNM measured in three rural sites belonging to the French network (MERA). Statistical tools are used and adapted in order to study the spatial and temporal behaviour ofthese species in rural area. The research approach combined three steps: (1) univariate and bivariate analysis to a spatial and a temporal studies of the concentrations, (2) the used of the source receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) to identity and apport ion the source of HCNM in rural area, (3) the adaptation of the oriented receptor model CF (Concentration Fields) in order to localise the main areas which influence the studied sites. Five common profiles have been identified for the three sites: "residential heating", "vehicle exhaust"; "fuel evaporation", "biogenic", and "remote sources". The relative contributions are in good accordance with the emissions inventory data and with results of other studies. These contributions allowed distinguishing local and remote influences. The ozone formation contributions of the modelled factors show that biogenic sources trend to significantly increase while anthropogenic sources decrease. That may explain that background levels of ozone do not decrease in Europe despite the anthropogenic emission reduction. Large urban areas (South of Germany and North of Italy) have been identitied as potentially at the origin of anthropogenic NMHC measured on the three French sites
Lopez, Laëtitia. „L'action en justice des parties prenantes dans le cadre de la Responsabilité Sociale de l'Entreprise“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegal actions brought to court concerning Corporate Social Responsability reveal certain limits when litigants’ stakeholders wish to protect their interests. The Corporate Social Responsability law falls between soft law and hard law. Going through CSR law’s judicalization could really make litigation of stakeholders efficient. Usual processual mechanisms are insufficient once an action has to be brought to court dealing with CSR. The civil procedure will need some changes, specifically relating to legal standing and stakeholder interest. Some added improvement would allow stakeholders to ensure their legal defence thanks to this new and efficient legal device. The setting up of a collective action including a CSR with more resemblance to the American one would represent one such improvement. Moreover, stakeholders can decide to settle the matter out-of-court with an extrajudicial approach, using alternative dispute resolution. This choice could amount to a more negotiated inflection of justice. These proposals seem to be necessary to settle an efficient legal action concerning CSR. In this way stakeholders will be able to litigate in a whole new way in order to consolidate their protection. Current legal and social needs seem to make the law evolve so that stakeholders benefit from a legal action which can be considered as a real countervailing power against a corporation