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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Pyrolite“

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Veröffentlicht am 22. Juni 2024

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1

Williams, Morgan, Louise Schoneveld, Yajing Mao, Jens Klump, Justin Gosses, Hayden Dalton, Adam Bath und Steve Barnes. „pyrolite: Python for geochemistry“. Journal of Open Source Software 5, Nr. 50 (09.06.2020): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.02314.

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2

Thoma, Randall J., Joseph A. Chinn und David A. Cole. „Pyrolite® Characterized by XPS“. Surface Science Spectra 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1247805.

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3

Irifune, Tetsuo, Toru Shinmei, Catherine A. McCammon, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, David C. Rubie und Daniel J. Frost. „Iron Partitioning and Density Changes of Pyrolite in Earth’s Lower Mantle“. Science 327, Nr. 5962 (03.12.2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1181443.

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Phase transitions and the chemical composition of minerals in Earth’s interior influence geophysical interpretations of its deep structure and dynamics. A pressure-induced spin transition in olivine has been suggested to influence iron partitioning and depletion, resulting in a distinct layered structure in Earth’s lower mantle. For a more realistic mantle composition (pyrolite), we observed a considerable change in the iron-magnesium partition coefficient at about 40 gigapascals that is explained by a spin transition at much lower pressures. However, only a small depletion of iron is observed in the major high-pressure phase (magnesium silicate perovskite), which may be explained by preferential retention of the iron ion Fe3+. Changes in mineral proportions or density are not associated with the change in partition coefficient. The observed density profile agrees well with seismological models, which suggests that pyrolite is a good model composition for the upper to middle parts of the lower mantle.

4

Weidner, Donald J. „A mineral physics test of a pyrolite mantle“. Geophysical Research Letters 12, Nr. 7 (Juli 1985): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl012i007p00417.

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5

Kesson, S. E., J. D. Fitz Gerald und J. M. Shelley. „Mineralogy and dynamics of a pyrolite lower mantle“. Nature 393, Nr. 6682 (Mai 1998): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/30466.

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6

Su, Chang, Dawei Fan, Jiyi Jiang, Zhenjun Sun, Yonggang Liu, Wei Song, Yongge Wan, Guang Yang und Wuxueying Qiu. „Self-Consistent Thermodynamic Parameters of Diopside at High Temperatures and High Pressures: Implications for the Adiabatic Geotherm of an Eclogitic Upper Mantle“. Minerals 11, Nr. 12 (26.11.2021): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121322.

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Using an iterative numerical approach, we have obtained the self-consistent thermal expansion, heat capacity, and Grüneisen parameters of diopside (MgCaSi2O6) over wide pressure and temperature ranges based on experimental data from the literature. Our results agree well with the published experimental and theoretical data. The determined thermodynamic parameters exhibit nonlinear dependences with increasing pressure. Compared with other minerals in the upper mantle, we found that the adiabatic temperature gradient obtained using the thermodynamic data of diopside is larger than that of garnet while lower than that of olivine, when ignoring the Fe incorporation. Combining our results with thermodynamic parameters of garnet obtained in previous studies, we have estimated the adiabatic temperature gradient and geotherm of an eclogitic upper mantle in a depth range of 200–450 km. The results show that the estimated adiabatic temperature gradient of the eclogite model is ~16% and ~3% lower than that of the pyrolite model at a depth of 200 km and 410 km, respectively. However, the high mantle potential temperature of the eclogite model leads to a similar temperature as the pyrolite model in a depth range of 200–410 km.

7

Shim, Sang-Heon, Brent Grocholski, Yu Ye, E. Ercan Alp, Shenzhen Xu, Dane Morgan, Yue Meng und Vitali B. Prakapenka. „Stability of ferrous-iron-rich bridgmanite under reducing midmantle conditions“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 25 (05.06.2017): 6468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614036114.

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Our current understanding of the electronic state of iron in lower-mantle minerals leads to a considerable disagreement in bulk sound speed with seismic measurements if the lower mantle has the same composition as the upper mantle (pyrolite). In the modeling studies, the content and oxidation state of Fe in the minerals have been assumed to be constant throughout the lower mantle. Here, we report high-pressure experimental results in which Fe becomes dominantly Fe2+ in bridgmanite synthesized at 40–70 GPa and 2,000 K, while it is in mixed oxidation state (Fe3+/∑Fe = 60%) in the samples synthesized below and above the pressure range. Little Fe3+ in bridgmanite combined with the strong partitioning of Fe2+ into ferropericlase will alter the Fe content for these minerals at 1,100- to 1,700-km depths. Our calculations show that the change in iron content harmonizes the bulk sound speed of pyrolite with the seismic values in this region. Our experiments support no significant changes in bulk composition for most of the mantle, but possible changes in physical properties and processes (such as viscosity and mantle flow patterns) in the midmantle.

8

Matrosova, E. А., А. А. Bendeliani, A. V. Bobrov, A. A. Kargal’tsev und Yu A. Ignat’ev. „Phase relations in the model pyrolite at 2.5, 3.0, 7.0 GPа and 1400–1800°c: evidence for the formation of high-chromium garnets“. Геохимия 64, Nr. 9 (20.09.2019): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525649974-985.

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Based on study of partial melting in the model pyrolite, it is shown that garnets synthesized at 7.0 GPa in a temperature range of 1400–1800°C are characterized by an excessive Si content (in relation to 3 f.u.), stable admixture of Cr2O3, and, thus, represent a solid solution of the pyrope–majorite–knorringite composition. Increase in the Cr/Al value in the starting composition results in increase of this ratio in garnet. With increasing temperature, the concentration of Cr2O3 decreases in restite and increases in melt. Cr/Al increases in all garnets from the zone of restite and from the quenched melt aggregate. Estimates of the bulk compositions of restite formed by partial melting of the model pyrolite at 2.5 and 3.0 GPa show that the concentration of Cr in it is higher than that in the starting composition. All minerals from the zone of restite are characterized by the high Cr concentrations, and upon partial melting in the spinel-depth facies, Cr is redistributed to restite. Our results show that the formation of high-chromium garnets relates to the protolith with the high Cr/Al value formed as a residue from partial melting in the spinel-depth facies and further transported to the garnet facies.

9

Cook, S. D. „Pyrolite carbon implants in the metacarpophalangeal joints of baboons“. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 75, Nr. 5 (Mai 1985): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198505000-00061.

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10

Nomura, R., K. Hirose, K. Uesugi, Y. Ohishi, A. Tsuchiyama, A. Miyake und Y. Ueno. „Low Core-Mantle Boundary Temperature Inferred from the Solidus of Pyrolite“. Science 343, Nr. 6170 (16.01.2014): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1248186.

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11

Khodyrev, O. Yu, V. M. Agoshkov, A. B. Slutsky und V. I. Vernadsky. „Reconnaissance investigation in the system pyrolite-water at 6.0-9.0 GPa“. High Pressure Research 5, Nr. 1-6 (April 1990): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957959008246241.

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12

Chinn, Joseph A., Richard E. Phillips, Jr, Kenneth R. Lew und Thomas A. Horbett. „Tenacious Binding of Fibrinogen and Albumin to Pyrolite Carbon and Biomer“. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 184, Nr. 1 (Dezember 1996): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0592.

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13

Sanehira, Takeshi, Tetsuo Irifune, Toru Shinmei, Hiroaki Ohfuji, Fabrice Brunet und Ken-Ichi Funakoshi. „Density profiles of pyrolite and MORB compositions across the 660 km seismic discontinuity“. High Pressure Research 28, Nr. 3 (01.09.2008): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950802251357.

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14

Litasov, Konstantin, und Eiji Ohtani. „Phase relations and melt compositions in CMAS–pyrolite–H2O system up to 25 GPa“. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 134, Nr. 1-2 (November 2002): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9201(02)00152-8.

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15

Niida, K., und D. H. Green. „Stability and chemical composition of pargasitic amphibole in MORB pyrolite under upper mantle conditions“. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 135, Nr. 1 (April 1999): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050495.

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16

Ballmer, Maxim D., Nicholas C. Schmerr, Takashi Nakagawa und Jeroen Ritsema. „Compositional mantle layering revealed by slab stagnation at ~1000-km depth“. Science Advances 1, Nr. 11 (Dezember 2015): e1500815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500815.

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Improved constraints on lower-mantle composition are fundamental to understand the accretion, differentiation, and thermochemical evolution of our planet. Cosmochemical arguments indicate that lower-mantle rocks may be enriched in Si relative to upper-mantle pyrolite, whereas seismic tomography images suggest whole-mantle convection and hence appear to imply efficient mantle mixing. This study reconciles cosmochemical and geophysical constraints using the stagnation of some slab segments at ~1000-km depth as the key observation. Through numerical modeling of subduction, we show that lower-mantle enrichment in intrinsically dense basaltic lithologies can render slabs neutrally buoyant in the uppermost lower mantle. Slab stagnation (at depths of ~660 and ~1000 km) and unimpeded slab sinking to great depths can coexist if the basalt fraction is ~8% higher in the lower mantle than in the upper mantle, equivalent to a lower-mantle Mg/Si of ~1.18. Global-scale geodynamic models demonstrate that such a moderate compositional gradient across the mantle can persist can in the presence of whole-mantle convection.

17

Pierru, Rémy, Laure Pison, Antoine Mathieu, Emmanuel Gardés, Gaston Garbarino, Mohamed Mezouar, Louis Hennet und Denis Andrault. „Solidus melting of pyrolite and bridgmanite: Implication for the thermochemical state of the Earth's interior“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 595 (Oktober 2022): 117770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117770.

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18

Irifune, Tetsuo, und Maiko Isshiki. „Iron partitioning in a pyrolite mantle and the nature of the 410-km seismic discontinuity“. Nature 392, Nr. 6677 (April 1998): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/33663.

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19

Litasov, K., und E. Ohtani. „Stability of various hydrous phases in CMAS pyrolite-H 2 O system up to 25 GPa“. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 30, Nr. 3 (01.04.2003): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-003-0301-y.

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20

Castillo Requiz, Brayan Jarry, Jesús Daniel Tarazona Silva, Cristian Eugenio Tarazona Silva, Christian Hurtado Enriquez und Félix Abraham Cornelio Orbegoso. „Automatización del análisis exploratorio de datos y procesamiento geoquímico univariado empleando Python“. Revista del Instituto de investigación de la Facultad de minas, metalurgia y ciencias geográficas 26, Nr. 51 (02.06.2023): e24493. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v26i51.24493.

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La automatización de procesos viene siendo implementada en distintas disciplinas de las ciencias geológicas, ello se ve en el desarrollo de librerías como Pyrolite, PyGeochemCalc, dh2loop 1.0, NeuralHydrology, GeoPyTools entre otros. El presente trabajo aborda una metodología para automatizar el análisis geoquímico univariado mediante el uso de paquetes de código abierto en Python como Pandas, Seaborn, Matplotlib, Statsmodels y Scipy, las cuales serán integrados a un script en un entorno de trabajo local como Jupyter Notebook o en un entorno online como Google Colaboratory. El Script está diseñado para procesar cualquier tipo de datos geoquímicos, permitiendo remover los outliers, realizar cálculos y gráficos de los elementos con su respectivo dominio geológico. Los resultados incluyen gráficos como el box-plot, cuantil-cuantil, cálculos de las pruebas de normalidad y de los parámetros geoquímicos, lo que permite determinar el valor de fondo o background y el umbral o threshold de los elementos trabajados. El resultado de los parámetros geoquímicos será procesado posteriormente en softwares de información geográfica, la cual permite generar mapas de anomalías metálicas univariadas y de las cuencas anómalas.

21

Petrunin, G. I., und E. V. Orlik. „Thermal diffusivity of mantle (Pyrolite) minerals at temperatures between room temperature and melting point (300–1700 K)“. Moscow University Physics Bulletin 62, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2007): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134907060124.

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22

Litasov, Konstantin, Eiji Ohtani und Hiromitsu Taniguchi. „Melting relations of hydrous pyrolite in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O System at the transition zone pressures“. Geophysical Research Letters 28, Nr. 7 (01.04.2001): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012291.

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23

Gay, Jeffrey P., Estelle Ledoux, Matthias Krug, Julien Chantel, Anna Pakhomova, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Carmen Sanchez-Valle und Sébastien Merkel. „Transformation microstructures in pyrolite under stress: Implications for anisotropy in subducting slabs below the 660 km discontinuity“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 604 (Februar 2023): 118015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118015.

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24

Xu, Chaowen, und Toru Inoue. „Phase Relations in MAFSH System up to 21 GPa: Implications for Water Cycles in Martian Interior“. Minerals 9, Nr. 9 (16.09.2019): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090559.

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To elucidate the water cycles in iron-rich Mars, we investigated the phase relation of a water-undersaturated (2 wt.%) analog of Martian mantle in simplified MgO-Al2O3-FeO-SiO2-H2O (MAFSH) system between 15 and 21 GPa at 900–1500 °C using a multi-anvil apparatus. Results showed that phase E coexisting with wadsleyite or ringwoodite was at least stable at 15–16.5 GPa and below 1050 °C. Phase D coexisted with ringwoodite at pressures higher than 16.5 GPa and temperatures below 1100 °C. The transition pressure of the loop at the wadsleyite-ringwoodite boundary shifted towards lower pressure in an iron-rich system compared with a hydrous pyrolite model of the Earth. Some evidence indicates that water once existed on the Martian surface on ancient Mars. The water present in the hydrous crust might have been brought into the deep interior by the convecting mantle. Therefore, water might have been transported to the deep Martian interior by hydrous minerals, such as phase E and phase D, in cold subduction plates. Moreover, it might have been stored in wadsleyite or ringwoodite after those hydrous materials decomposed when the plates equilibrated thermally with the surrounding Martian mantle.

25

Solen, Kenneth A., Ronald K. Munson und Charles S. Merris. „Filtration analysis of blood microemboli is not significantly affected by pulsatile filtration pressure and by pyrolite carbon filters“. Thrombosis Research 42, Nr. 5 (Juni 1986): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(86)90348-8.

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26

Irifune, T. „Phase Transformations in Pyrolite and Subducted Crust Compositions down to a Depth of 800 km in the Lower Mantle“. Mineralogical Magazine 58A, Nr. 1 (1994): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.231.

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27

Chalenko, N. M., P. A. Bezugly, A. O. Sirova, I. S. Chekman und A. M. Demchenko. „Synthesis and antiexudative activityof pyrolin derivatives 2 - ((4-amino-5- (furan-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4H-3-il)-sulfanil)-N-acetamides“. Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, Nr. 5 (29.10.2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.19.07.

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The continuous research of new effective drugs is associated with a significant number of diseases, pathological conditions. Conventional treatment with existing drugs could be ineffective, or addictive, and have a large number of side effects. Therefore, the aim of modern pharmacy is to minimize the toxicity of drugs and create new modern domestic medicine that would be more effective in relation to their activity and relatively non-toxic. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazol have considerable synthetic, pharmacological potential. That’s why study of the synthetic methods of the new structures obtain, its physical, physico-chemical, biological properties may become the basic for their spector of the synthesized derivatives and biological activity widening. The aim of the work: choice on the investigation ground in silico the basic structures 1,2,4-triazol-3-thione and the special purpose synthesis of the new potential biological active compounds, definition its structure and physic-chemical properties mark of antiexudative activity. The synthesis of pyroline derivatives of 2-((4-amino-5-(furan-2-il)-1,2,4-triazol-4H-3-il)-sulfanyl)-N-acetamides was accomplished by stages. The article describes the synthesis of new pyrolin derivatives 2-((4-amino-5(furan-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4H-3-il)-sulfanyl)-N-acetamide. Acetamides were obtained by alkylation of 2-((4-amino-5(furan-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione N-aryl-substituted α-chloroacetamides in the presence of KOH. Using Paal-Knorr condensation of the amino group at 4th position of the triazole ring modified into pyrolium fragment. Physical and chemical characteristics, chemical structure and anti-exudative activity of the obtained compounds were established. Anti-exudative activity of compounds was investigated in the experiments on the white rats in the doses 10 mg/kg comparately with reference drug-diclophenac natrium in formalin edema modulation. The paw size was measured by pletismography before drugs introduction. For the first time 24 compounds have been synthesized: 4 pyroline derivatives 2-((4-amino-5-(furan-2-il)-1,2,4-triazol-4H-3-il)-sulfanyl)-N-acetamides. In 91% of the new synthesized derivatives the antiexudative properties have been found, 5 compounds (10.9, 10.10, 10.15, 10.21, 10.1) by anti-exudative activity have exceeded the reference drug. It is considered that the investigations of these compounds by presence or absence analgesics activities are perspective.

28

Lobanov, Sergey S., Sergio Speziale und Sascha Brune. „Modelling Mie scattering in pyrolite in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell: Implications for the core-mantle boundary temperature determination“. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 318 (September 2021): 106773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106773.

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29

Geballe, Zachary M., Nathan Sime, James Badro, Peter E. van Keken und Alexander F. Goncharov. „Thermal conductivity near the bottom of the Earth's lower mantle: Measurements of pyrolite up to 120 GPa and 2500 K“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 536 (April 2020): 116161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116161.

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30

Schuberth, B. S. A., H. P. Bunge, G. Steinle-Neumann, C. Moder und J. Oeser. „Thermal versus elastic heterogeneity in high-resolution mantle circulation models with pyrolite composition: High plume excess temperatures in the lowermost mantle“. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 2009): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002235.

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31

Nishiyama, Norimasa, Tetsuo Irifune, Toru Inoue, Jun-ichi Ando und Ken-ichi Funakoshi. „Precise determination of phase relations in pyrolite across the 660km seismic discontinuity by in situ X-ray diffraction and quench experiments“. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 143-144 (Juni 2004): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2003.08.010.

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32

Murakami, Toru, und Shoichi Yoshioka. „The relationship between the physical properties of the assumed pyrolite composition and depth distributions of seismic velocities in the upper mantle“. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 125, Nr. 1-4 (Oktober 2001): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9201(01)00204-7.

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33

Irifune, Tetsuo. „An experimental investigation of the pyroxene-garnet transformation in a pyrolite composition and its bearing on the constitution of the mantle“. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 45, Nr. 4 (Mai 1987): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90040-9.

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34

Falloon, T. J., und D. H. Green. „Anhydrous partial melting of MORB pyrolite and other peridotite compositions at 10 kbar: Implications for the origin of primitive MORB glasses“. Mineralogy and Petrology 37, Nr. 3-4 (Dezember 1987): 181–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01161817.

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35

Ohta, Kenji, Kei Hirose, Thorne Lay, Nagayoshi Sata und Yasuo Ohishi. „Phase transitions in pyrolite and MORB at lowermost mantle conditions: Implications for a MORB-rich pile above the core–mantle boundary“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267, Nr. 1-2 (März 2008): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.037.

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36

McNeil, A. M., und A. D. Edgar. „Sodium-rich metasomatism in the upper mantle: Implications of experiments on the pyrolite-Na2O-rich fluid system at 950°C, 20 kbar“. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, Nr. 9 (September 1987): 2285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90281-x.

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37

Saveliev, Dmitry E., und Ruslan A. Gataullin. „Accessory mineralisations in lherzolites of Northern Kraka massif (South Urals)“. Georesursy 25, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2023.3.24.

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The findings of platinum group metal mineralization (PGM) and the distribution of platinum group elements (PGE) in lherzolites of the Northern Kraka massif are described. The total contents of PGE are approximately two orders of magnitude lower than those in chondrite and are close to pyrolite, relative to which the studied lherzolites are enriched in Pd and depleted in Ru. In segregations of PGMs, the presence of all PGEs (except rhodium) in various proportions was established. All found grains are divided into three contrasting types: the refractory triad Os–Ir–Ru, essentially platinum with the participation of Pd, and Cu–Pd. Almost all found PGM grains are localized either in the peripheral parts of grains of altered sulfides (heazlewoodite, pentlandite) or in the silicate matrix in the immediate vicinity of sulfide segregations. Based on the mineral associations and PGE distribution, a probable genesis of segregations has been suggested. Associations of Cu–Pd and Pd–Pt(+Cu) composition most likely formed during the crystallization of sulfides from the extracted partial melts. This is indicated by their close association with clinopyroxenes and the presence of relatively fusible platinoids and copper. The associations of Pt–Ir and Os–Ir–Ru(+Pt) composition are most likely restitic, formed in place of primary mantle sulfides as a result of extraction of more fusible elements and further desulphurization. The isolation of platinoids as their own mineral phases is associated with the influence of superimposed low-temperature processes – subsolidus redistribution during cooling and subsequent serpentinization.

38

Inoue, Toru, Robert P. Rapp, Jianzhong Zhang, Tibor Gasparik, Donald J. Weidner und Tetsuo Irifune. „Garnet fractionation in a hydrous magma ocean and the origin of Al-depleted komatiites: melting experiments of hydrous pyrolite with REEs at high pressure“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 177, Nr. 1-2 (15.04.2000): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00038-8.

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39

Fedotov, Zh A. „Mg-(Fe + Ti)-Al petrochemical diagram for the melting of mantle pyrolite: Implications for the derivation conditions of the parental magmas of major volcanic series“. Petrology 20, Nr. 7 (04.11.2012): 640–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869591112070028.

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40

Matrosova, E. A., A. A. Bendeliani, A. V. Bobrov, A. A. Kargal’tsev und Yu A. Ignat’ev. „Melting Relations in the Model Pyrolite at 2.5, 3.0, 7.0 GPa and 1400–1800°C: Application to the Problem of the Formation of High-Chromium Garnets“. Geochemistry International 57, Nr. 9 (27.08.2019): 988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016702919090076.

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41

Ishii, Takayuki, Hiroshi Kojitani und Masaki Akaogi. „Post-spinel transitions in pyrolite and Mg2SiO4 and akimotoite–perovskite transition in MgSiO3: Precise comparison by high-pressure high-temperature experiments with multi-sample cell technique“. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 309, Nr. 3-4 (September 2011): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.023.

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42

Ishii, Takayuki, Hiroshi Kojitani und Masaki Akaogi. „Phase Relations of Harzburgite and MORB up to the Uppermost Lower Mantle Conditions: Precise Comparison With Pyrolite by Multisample Cell High‐Pressure Experiments With Implication to Dynamics of Subducted Slabs“. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 124, Nr. 4 (April 2019): 3491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016749.

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43

Kubo, Atsushi, Eiji Ito, Tomoo Katsura, Kiyoshi Fujino und Ken-Ichi Funakoshi. „In situ X-ray diffraction of pyrolite to 40 GPa using Kawai-type apparatus with sintered diamond anvils: possibility for the existence of iron-rich metallic particles in the lower mantle“. High Pressure Research 28, Nr. 3 (01.09.2008): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950802210486.

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44

Candioti, Lorenzo G., Stefan M. Schmalholz und Thibault Duretz. „Impact of upper mantle convection on lithosphere hyperextension and subsequent horizontally forced subduction initiation“. Solid Earth 11, Nr. 6 (07.12.2020): 2327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2327-2020.

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Abstract. Many plate tectonic processes, such as subduction initiation, are embedded in long-term (>100 Myr) geodynamic cycles often involving subsequent phases of extension, cooling without plate deformation and convergence. However, the impact of upper mantle convection on lithosphere dynamics during such long-term cycles is still poorly understood. We have designed two-dimensional upper-mantle-scale (down to a depth of 660 km) thermo-mechanical numerical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. We consider visco–elasto–plastic deformation including a combination of diffusion, dislocation and Peierls creep law mechanisms. Mantle densities are calculated from petrological phase diagrams (Perple_X) for a Hawaiian pyrolite. Our models exhibit realistic Rayleigh numbers between 106 and 107, and the model temperature, density and viscosity structures agree with geological and geophysical data and observations. We tested the impact of the viscosity structure in the asthenosphere on upper mantle convection and lithosphere dynamics. We also compare models in which mantle convection is explicitly modelled with models in which convection is parameterized by Nusselt number scaling of the mantle thermal conductivity. Further, we quantified the plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation in 2D thermo-mechanical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. Our model generates a 120 Myr long geodynamic cycle of subsequent extension (30 Myr), cooling (70 Myr) and convergence (20 Myr) coupled to upper mantle convection in a single and continuous simulation. Fundamental features such as the formation of hyperextended margins, upper mantle convective flow and subduction initiation are captured by the simulations presented here. Compared to a strong asthenosphere, a weak asthenosphere leads to the following differences: smaller value of plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation (15 TN m−1 instead of 22 TN m−1) and locally larger suction forces. The latter assists in establishing single-slab subduction rather than double-slab subduction. Subduction initiation is horizontally forced, occurs at the transition from the exhumed mantle to the hyperextended passive margin and is caused by thermal softening. Spontaneous subduction initiation due to negative buoyancy of the 400 km wide, cooled, exhumed mantle is not observed after 100 Myr in model history. Our models indicate that long-term lithosphere dynamics can be strongly impacted by sub-lithosphere dynamics. The first-order processes in the simulated geodynamic cycle are applicable to orogenies that resulted from the opening and closure of embryonic oceans bounded by magma-poor hyperextended rifted margins, which might have been the case for the Alpine orogeny.

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Fan, Dawei, Suyu Fu, Chang Lu, Jingui Xu, Yanyao Zhang, Sergey N. Tkachev, Vitali B. Prakapenka und Jung-Fu Lin. „Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones“. American Mineralogist 105, Nr. 3 (01.03.2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7075.

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Abstract Diopside is one of the most important end-members of clinopyroxene, which is an abundant mineral in upper-mantle petrologic models. The amount of clinopyroxene in upper-mantle pyrolite can be ∼15 vol%, while pyroxenite can contain as high as ∼60 vol% clinopyroxene. Knowing the elastic properties of the upper-mantle diopside at high pressure-temperature conditions is essential for constraining the chemical composition and interpreting seismic observations of region. Here we have measured the single-crystal elasticity of Fe-enriched diopside (Di80Hd20, Di-diopside, and Hd-hedenbergite; also called Fe-enriched clinopyroxene) at high-pressure conditions up to 18.5 GPa by using in situ Brillouin light-scattering spectroscopy (BLS) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. Our experimental results were used in evaluating the effects of pressure and Fe substitution on the full single-crystal elastic moduli across the Di-Hd solid-solution series to better understand the seismic velocity profiles of the upper mantle. Using the third- or fourth-order Eulerian finite-strain equations of state to model the elasticity data, the derived aggregate adiabatic bulk and shear moduli (KS0, G0) at ambient conditions were determined to be 117(2) and 70(1) GPa, respectively. The first- and second-pressure derivatives of bulk and shear moduli at 300 K were (∂KS/∂P)T = 5.0(2), (∂2KS/∂P2)T = –0.12(4) GPa−1 and (∂G/∂P)T = 1.72(9), (∂2G/∂P2)T = –0.05(2) GPa−1, respectively. A comparison of our results with previous studies on end-member diopside and hedenbergite in the literatures shows systematic linear correlations between the Fe composition and single-crystal elastic moduli. An addition of 20 mol% Fe in diopside increases KS0 by ∼1.7% (∼2 GPa) and reduces G0 by ∼4.1% (∼3 GPa), but has a negligible effect on the pressure derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli within experimental uncertainties. In addition, our modeling results show that substitution of 20 mol% Fe in diopside can reduce VP and VS by ∼1.8% and ∼3.5%, respectively, along both an expected normal mantle geotherm and a representative cold subducted slab geotherm. Furthermore, the modeling results show that the VP and VS profiles of Fe-enriched pyroxenite along the cold subducted slab geotherm are ∼3.2% and ∼2.5% lower than AK135 model at 400 km depth, respectively. Finally, we propose that the presence of Fe-enriched pyroxenite (including Fe-enriched clinopyroxene, Fe-enriched orthopyroxene, and Fe-enriched olivine), can be an effective mechanism to cause low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle regions atop the 410 km discontinuity at cold subudcted slab conditions.

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Xue, Jian Rong, Hong Zhong und Jin Zhong Li. „Mechanisms and Application on Reduction Leaching of Pyrolusite by Cellulosic Biomass“. Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (Juli 2012): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.18.

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Reduction leaching of pyrolusite by cellulosic biomass,due to its good performace,low cost,renewable and environmental friendliness，has received increasing attention in recent years.In this work，the advances on reduction leaching of pyrolusite by cellulosic biomass are reviewed.The degradation mechanisms of cellulosic biomass and reduction leaching applicat- ions of pyrolusite by degradation products are analyzed．Finally，further study of the proposed reduction leaching of pyrolusite by cellulosic biomass are discussed．

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Lucas, E. B., O. E. Itabiyi und O. O. Ogunleye. „Optimization of Products Yields from the Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shells Using Response Surface Methodology“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (Juni 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.13.

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This work focussed on the optimisation of product yields from the pyrolysis of palm kernel shells (PKS). 479g of dried PKS were loaded into the retort and then placed inside the furnace chamber and this was pyrolysed at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C. The pyrolysis products obtained are char, tar (pyro oil and pyroligneous acid) and gas. A full factorial design (FFD) consisting two factors (Temperature and duration of pyrolysis) at three level was used to study the pattern of product yields from the pyrolysis of PKS. Char, tar and gas were evaluated as the responses. Thirteen experimental runs resulted from the FFD with a minimum product yield of 0.9wt% and maximum product yield of 99wt%. Response surface methodology was used to analyse the results of the FFD of the product yields of PKS. The optimum conversion yields expressed as a percentage of oven-dried weight of palm kernel shells of char, tar and gas products at their respective pyrolysing temperatures were 99wt% char at 304°C, 35wt% tar at 700°C and 39% gas at 700°C. The duration for the pyrolysis process was 20mins for 479g of dried palm kernel shells. The results of the work show that palm kernel shells can be readily pyrolised to obtain optimum yield of gas, tar (mixture of pyrolitic oil and pyroligneous acid) and char.

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Feng, Y., Z. Cai, H. Li, Z. Du und X. Liu. „Response surface optimization of fluidized roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal“. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, Nr. 1 (2013): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120525040f.

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Research on the novel technology of fluidized roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal has been conducted. According to the response surface design and the analysis of results, orthogonal experiments have been conducted on the major factors and effects of the factors on the manganese reduction efficiency have been studied. The quadratic model between the manganese reduction efficiency and the factors has been established. Meanwhile, the contour or 3D response surface of the manganese reduction efficiency among various factors has been presented. The maximum manganese reduction efficiency could be optimized to nearly 100%, when the mass ratio of stone coal to pyrolusite was 2.5:1, the roasting temperature of stone coal was 1080?C, the roasting temperature of pyrolusite was 775?C, and the roasting time was 2h. The results of the manganese reduction efficiency of the actual experiments were close to those of the fitting model by the verification experiments, indicating that the optimum solution has a relatively high reliability. Other low-grade pyrolusite such as Guangxi pyrolusite (China), Hunan pyrolusite (China), and Guizhou pyrolusite (China) were tested and all these materials responded well giving nearly 100% manganese reduction efficiency.

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Retnaningrum, Endah, und Wahyu Wilopo. „Pyrolusite Bioleaching by an Indigenous Acidithiobacillus sp KL3 Isolated from an Indonesian Sulfurous River Sediment“. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, Nr. 3 (29.05.2019): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.38898.

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The manganese bioleaching process of pyrolusite from Kliripan, Indonesia using Acidithiobacillus sp KL3 was investigated. The influence pulp densities of pyrolusite (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 g/cm3) on the bioleaching processes were studied for 16 days. The reduction on pH values, the increasing of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), sulfate and manganese concentration were analyzed. The manganese bioleaching mechanism of pyrolusite by the strain was monitored using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive-X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicated that 0.02 g/cm3 of pyrolusite was considered to be the optimal pulp density for manganese bioleaching process. During this process, pH values decreased, furthermore resulted in increasing of ORP, the concentration of sulfate and manganese. SEM-EDX analysis clearly showed the evidence of directly bacterial cell attachment into the surface of pyrolusite. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were further founded on that surface. Sulfur elemental was oxidized by the strain which was then confirmed of resulting in solubilized manganese.

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Zhao, Jing Dong, Shi Jun Su, Xiao Fan Zhu und Hong Lei Wang. „Experimental Study on Macro-Kinetics of Flue Gas Desulfurization Using Pyrolusite Pulp by a Double Magnetic Stirred Reactor“. Materials Science Forum 610-613 (Januar 2009): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.32.

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It’s a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction system in the reactor for flue gas desulfurization using pyrolusite pulp. Based on the two-film mass transfer theory and shrine core model, the macro-kinetics of flue gas desulfurization using pyrolusite pulp in a double magnetic stirred reactor were investigated. The effects of diffusion in solid film, surface chemical reaction, diffusion in liquid phase and gas phase of the process, have been carried out to distinguish the control step of the process. It was observed that SO2 absorption efficiency increased with the decreasing of pyrolusite particle size and varied gently when the pyrolusite particle diameter decreased to 0.18mm. SO2 absorption efficiency increased not significantly along with the increase of temperature and the liquid phase stirring speed but increased significantly along with the increase of the gas phase stirring speed. Experiment results showed that under simulated industrial conditions, gas phase diffusion was the control step compared to other related factors, given that pyrolusite particle diameter was kept below 0.1mm.